Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
NASA Technical Memorandum 10/,083 .
Experimental AerodynamicCharacteristics of a Joined-WingResearch Aircraft Configuration
Stephen C. Smith and Ronald K. Stonum
April 1989
(NASA-TM-|0 I083) EXPERIMENTAL AERODYNAMICCHARACTERISTICS OF A JOINED-WING RESEARCH
AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION |NASa. amesResearch Center) 100 p CSCL 01A
G]/02
N89-2_265
Unclas
0217216
NASANational Aeronautics andSpace Administration
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890014914 2020-05-24T21:39:48+00:00Z
NASA Technical Memorandum 101083
Experimental AerodynamicCharacteristics of a Joined-WingResearch Aircraft Configuration
Stephen C. Smith, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CaliforniaRonald K. Stonum, Air Force Systems Command Liaison Office, U. S. Air Force,Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
April 1989
NASANational Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Ames Research CenterMoffett Reid, California 94035
NOMENCLATURE
b
c
c/4
CD
CL
Ct
Ct
era
C,,
C_
Ctn
Ct,
C t,,
OCt�OCt.
C_FI
FM
FO
L/D
L.E.
RI
RO
S
U_
15
Xt.9.
wing spanchord
25% chord line
centerhne
coefficient
coefficient
coefficient
coefficient
coefficient
coefficient
of dragof lift
of lift of airfoil section
of rolling moment
of pitching moment
of yawing momentcoefficient of side force
lateral stability--change in rolling moment with sideslip
roll control power--change in roiling moment with aileron deflection
roll damping--change in rolling moment with roll rate
longitudinal stability--change in pitching moment with lift
directional stability--change in yawing moment with sideslip
forward wing inboard control surface
forward wing midspan control surface
forward wing outboard control surface
lift to drag ratio
leading edge
rear wing inboard control surface
rear wing outboard control surface
wing area
aircraft flight speed
minimum nosewheel-raising speed
power-off stall speed
distance from center of gravity to main landing gear
Greek Symbols
a angle of attack, deg
angle of sideshp, deg
control surface deflection, deg
¢ angle of roll, deg
roll rate, rad/sec
Subscripts
a
c.g.
max
r
ref
aileron
center of gravitymaximum
rudder
reference
°°,
in PRECEDING PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED
SUMMARY
A wind-tunnel test was conducted at Ames Research Center to measure the aerody-
namic characteristics of a joined-wing research aircraft (JWRA). This aircraft was designed
to utilize the fuselage and engines of the existing NASA AD-1 aircraft. The JWRA was de-
signed to have removable outer wing panels to represent three different configurations with
the interwing joint at different fractions of the wing span. A one-sixth-scale wind-tunnel
model of all three configurations of the JWRA was tested in the Ames 12-foot low-speed
wind tunnel to measure aerodynamic performance, stability, and control characteristics.
This report presents the results of these tests. Longitudinal and lateral-directional
characteristics were measured over an angle of attack range of -7 ° to 14 ° and over an
angle of sideslip range of -5 ° to +2.5 ° at a Math number of 0.35 and a Reynolds number
of 2.2 × 10 e/ft. Various combinations of deflected control surfaces were tested to measure
the effectiveness and impact on stability of several control surface arrangements. In addi-
tion, the effects on stall and post-stall aerodynamic characteristics from small leading-edgedevices called vortilons were measured.
The results of these tests indicate that the JWRA had very good aerodynamic perfor-
mance and acceptable stability and control throughout its flight envelope. The vortilons
produced a profound improvement in the stall and post-stMl characteristics with no mea-
surable effects on cruise performance.
INTRODUCTION
The joined wing research aircraft (JWRA) was designed jointly by NASA Ames Re-
search Center and ACA Industries, Inc. of Torrance, CA as part of a Small Business
Innovation Research (SBIR) program. The purpose of this program was to build a joined-
wing proof-of-concept and research aircraft by modifying the existing NASA AD-1 oblique
wing aircraft. The AD-1 aircraft, shown in figure 1, is described in reference 1. A new
wing system which was representative of a joined-wing, transonic commercial transport
aircraft was designed to fit onto the fuselage of the AD-1, using the existing undercarriage
and fuselage-mounted engines. The design of the JWRA is described in references 2 and 3.
A one-sixth-scale wind-tunnel model of the JWRA was built using the fuselage of
the AD-1 wind-tunnel model. This model was tested in the Ames 12-Foot Pressure Wind
Tunnel to measure aerodynamic performance, stability, and control characteristics. This
report presents the results of these wind tunnel tests.
TEST FACILITY
The testswere conducted in the Ames 12-Foot Pressure Wind Tunnel. Figure 2 shows
the JWRA model installedin the wind tunnel test section. The model was supported on
a swept blade-type strut mounted on a bipod support system. The blade was swept back
50° from the normal axis of the model and was contoured with a 15%-thick low speed
airfoil.Figure 3 shows the strut geometry.
MODEL DESCRIPTION
A one-sixth-scale model of the JWRA was built based on the one-sixth scale AD-1
wind tunnel model. The model had removable outer wing panels to represent three different
wing configurations. With the full-sized outer wing-panels installed, the interwing joint
was located at 60% of the semispan.
A three-view drawing of this configuration, called the JW-1, is shown in figure 4. The
JW-2 configuration had shorter outer panels so that the joint was located at 80% of the
semispan. A three-view drawing of the JW-2 is shown in figure 5. The JW-3 configuration
had the outer panels removed so that the interwing joint was located at 100% of the
semispan. The JW-3 configuration is shown in figure 6. Detailed dimensional data on all
three configurations ares given in table 1.
The design of the airfoils for the JWRA is discussed in reference 2. The wing geometry
was produced by locating each airfoil perpendicular to the 25% chord-line and lofting
straight lines between these defining sections. The coordinates of the airfoils are given in
table 2.
The JWRA wings were fitted with five control surfaces on each side, representing
various arrangements of flaps, elevators, and ailerons. The nomenclature for the various
control surfaces on the wings is shown in figure 7. The vertical tail was fitted with a
conventional rudder. The control surface deflections available for the model are given in
table 3. The sign convention for control surface deflections was chosen to be trailing-edge
down as positive for all the wing surfaces and trailing-edge right as positive for the rudder.
The JWRA wings were designed so that small undersurface leading-edge fences called
vortilons could be mounted at three span stations. A detail of the vortilon geometry and
the three mounting stations is shown in figure 8.
The engine pylons were designed so that speedbrakes could be installed between the
fuselage and nacelles. A detail of the speedbrake geometry and installation is shown in fig-
ure 9. The model had simple flowthrough nacelles without instrumentation for measuring
internal duct losses.
TEST CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES
At the time these tests were conducted, the 12-Foot Pressure Wind Tunnel could not
be pressurized. Therefore, the tests were conducted with the wind-tunnel total pressure
equal to the ambient atmospheric pressure. Model strength limitations established a max-
imum dynamic pressure of 170 psf. Almost all the data from these tests were taken at
these conditions, which produced a test Mach number of 0.35, a test Reynolds number
of approximately 2.2 × 106/ft, and a chord Reynolds number of approximately 1.0 × 106.
It was found that some of the deflected aileron configurations would have exceeded the
rolling-moment capacity of the force balance, so it was necessary to reduce the dynamic
pressure to 120 psf for some tests, and in a few cases, to 90 psf.
The angle of attack was varied from -7 ° to 14 ° and the angle of sideslip was var-
ied from -5 ° to +2.5 ° . The angle of attack was measured by an electronic inclinometer
installed in the model directly below the force balance. The angle of sideslip was men-
2
sured from the turntable portion of the wind-tunnel model-support system. The measured
sideslip angle was corrected for model support and balance deflection.
A 2.0 in. internal six-component strain-gage force balance was used to measure aerody-
namic forces and moments. The moment reference center was located at the assumed c.g.
location for each configuration, which was based on a static stability margin of 0.35c.el.
The reference area for computing aerodynamic coefficients was the projected plan area of
the forward wing. The moment reference center and reference area for each configuration
are given in table 1. The axis system and sign conventions for aerodynamic data in this
report are shown in figure 10. Lift and drag coefficient data are presented in the wind axis
system. All other aerodynamic coefficients are presented in the body axis system.
The data presented in this report have been adjusted for wall effects and blockage
effects. The wall corrections were determined by the method described in reference 4,
and the blockage corrections were determined by the method described in reference 5. No
adjustments were made to remove internal drag from the nacelles or the small cavity in
the fuselage where the blade support attached to the balance.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Experimental aerodynamic data for the JWRA are shown in figures 11 through 84.
The results for the JW-1 configuration are shown in figures 11 through 41. The JW-2
results are shown in figures 42 through 58. The JW-3 results are shown in figures 59
through 75. Results for the JW-1 wing-body (rear wing removed) are shown in figures 76
through 79, and results for the body only are shown in figures 80 through 84.
JW-1 Configuration
Longitudinal characteristics (zero control deflections)- The longitudinal characteristics
of the JW-1 are shown in figures 11 through 14. Figures 11 through 13 show the variation of
lift, drag, and pitching moment with angle of attack. The variation of longitudinal stability,
(OCm/OCL), with angle of attack is shown in figure 14. A maximum lift coefficient (CL,,,,.)
of 1.20 was obtained at a 6* angle of attack. This is a satisfactory value for a wing with
30°of sweep and maximum section lift coefficent (Ct,,,..) of 1.5. The apparently low angle
of attack for stall is the result of the large wing incidence relative to the body axis (see
table 1) which was necessitated by the short landing gear of the AD-1, as discussed in
reference 2. The cruise lift-coefficent of 0.45 was achieved at a -3 ° angle of attack.
There was a reduction in lift curve slope between 2_ ° and 6 ° angle of attack which
indicated a growing region of flow separation on the wing. Figures 13 and 14 show a loss of
stability associated with this separation region. The JW-1 exhibited classical swept-wing
stall characteristics where the aircraft was unstable at the stall angle, and became stable
again at a high, post-stall angle of attack of, in this case, about 12 °. However, as shown in
figure 13, this unstable stall was not severe, since a nose-down pitching moment still existed
with neutral elevator control and nose-down elevator control would easily reduce the angle
of attack below stall. Figure 14 shows that the JW-1 had a static stability margin of 0.30
to 0.36 over the normal flight envelope (CL=0.3-1.0) for this moment reference location.
3
Lateral-directional characteristics- The lateral-directional characteristics of the base-
line JW-1 are shown in figures 15 through 19. Figures 15 through 17 show variations in
side-force, yawing-moment, and rolling-moment coe_cients with angle of attack for various
angles of sideslip, B = 0.0 °, +2.5 °, and - 5.0 °. There were abrupt changes in the lateral-
directional characteristics above the angle of attack where the wing stalled. These changes
are usually associated with asymmetric separations due to minor geometric asymmetries
in the model. The untrimmed rolling moment, yawing moment, and side-force diminish
at higher angles of attack, so no unusual or violent departure characteristics are expected.
Figures 18 and 19 show variations in lateral stability, Ct_, and directional stability, C,_,
with angle of attack. Figure 18 shows an unusual loss of lateral stability at high angles
of attack. It appears that the positive dihedral contribution from the forward wing was
reduced as the wing stalled and the negative dihedral of the rear wing began to dominate.
Although the reduction of lateral stability at high angles of attack would have some effect
on the post-stall flying qualities, it is not expected that this would be serious, especially
considering the available lateral control, as described below.
Forced transition- The model Reynolds number for these tests was about one-third of
the flight-vehicle Reynolds number. Transition strips were installed on the model to study
the effects of forced transition on the JWRA model. The primary concern was that the
low chord Reynolds number might lead to areas of premature laminar separation on the
model that would not occur on the full scale aircraft. This would not only affect the drag
data, but also the lift and pitching moment data.
Transition strips consisting of a random distribution of 0.009- to 0.010-in. glass spheres
were installed on the model. The particle size was selected based on the method of refer-
ence 6. Two fixed transition locations were studied; figures 20 through 22 show the results
of this study. First, transition was fixed at 35% chord on all the wing and tail surfaces
and on the fuselage just ahead of the crest of the canopy. This was where natural laminar
transition was expected to occur on the full scale aircraft. As shown in figures 20 through
22, use of this transition location caused some increase in the drag and also affected the
lift and pitching moment characteristics slightly. If a premature laminar separation was
causing loss of stability, the transition strip would be expected to help the problem by
delaying separation and increasing Cl.,,.,. However, the use of the transition strip seemed
to aggravate the problem of stability loss rather than lessen it. To verify that no laminar
separation was occurring forward of the transition strip, a second test was done with the
transition strip installed at 10% chord on the wing and taft surfaces. Figure 20 shows no
further increase in the drag from fixing transition at 10% chord. Based on these results,
it was believed that the drag increase was caused by the drag of the transition strip itself
and a reduction of the laminar run on the fuselage.
The transition strip at 10°/0 chord was left in place for all the other testing of the JW-1
configuration.
Vortilons. The baseline JW-1 configuration showed undesirable loss of stability re-
suiting from outer wing-panel stall. This is typical of high aspect-ratio swept wings with
moderate taper: the lift distribution becomes more heavily loaded near the tips as the
angle of attack is increased, and the wing chord is reduced at the tips because of taper, so
4
the higher lift loading results in very high lift coefficients on the outer wing panels. The
outer wing-panels frequently stall first, which shifts the center of lift inboard and forward,
producing undesirable pitchup at stall.One device which has been used to reduce this unstable stall characteristic is a small
undersurface leading-edge fence called a vortilon. The use of vortilons for improving stall
and post-stall flying qualities is discussed in reference 7. The JW-1 was tested with vor-
tilons installed at three different span locations, and combinations of these. Figures 23 and
24 show the effect of each of the three vortilon locations on the lift and pitching-moment
characteristics. Each of the three vortilon locations had some influence on the prestall
separation, and the post-stall lift and moment characteristics.
The inboard vortilon configuration had the most significant'effect on the post-stall
pitching moment. Figures 25 and 26 show more clearly than figures 23 and 24 the impact
of the inboard vortilon installation on the longitudinal characteristics of the JW-1. The
eLm., of the JW-1 was increased from 1.20 to 1.22 and the character of the stall break
changed to a much more gentle stall. As shown in figure 26, the unstable pitchup was
eliminated and the JW-1 with inboard vortilons had nearly constant pitching moment
above stall for this moment reference location. A small forward shift in the c.g. location
would make the stall characteristics completely stable. Figure 27 shows that there is no
cruise-drag penalty for the installation of the vortilons. Figures 28 and 29 show the effect
of the vortilons on the rolling moment and yawing moment. The vortilons delayed the
sudden change in lateral-directional characteristics until well above the stall angle.
Figures 30 and 31 show the effect of two vortilons, installed at the inboard and out-
board locations, compared with the effect of the inboard vortilon only and no vortilons.
The two-vortilon configuration maintained more stability up to the stall, but did not have
as much improvement of the post-stall pitchup as the single inboard vortilon.
Although other vortilon locations were tested, the effect of the inboard vortilons was
so significant that this configuration was used as a new baseline configuration for all of the
remaining testing of the JW-1, JW-2, and JW-3 configurations, except where noted.
Longitudinal control- Two different arrangements of controls were evaluated for lon-
gitudinal control effectiveness. Figure 7 shows the nomenclature used to describe the
individual control surfaces. One control arrangement used both the inboard and outboard
rear surfaces (RI+RO) as elevators for longitudinal control. The second arrangement used
the inboard surface on the forward wing and the inboard rear surface (FI+RI) coupled to
move equal amounts in opposite directions so that nose-up pitch command would cause FI
to move downward as a flap and RI to move upward as an elevator. Data for the FI+RI
control arrangement were determined by interpolating wind-tunnel data from configura-
tions with 6Rr = -15 ° and gFr = 0 ° and 20 °, since model hardware for _SFt = 15 ° was not
available. Figure 32 shows the control effectiveness of the RI+RO elevator combination
and the FI+RI flap-elevator combination compared with the effectiveness of RI only. The
FI+RI configuration had slightly greater control authority. As shown in figure 33, the
FI+RI arrangement had the advantage of changing the lift in the proper sense for the
change in pitching moment, i.e., a nose-up moment was accompanied by an increase in
lift due to the coupled flap deflection. However, this arrangement had the disadvantage
of substantially disturbing the designed incidence distribution of the wing at high angle of
attacks by deflecting the flap to trim the airplane.
One criterion for assessing longitudinal control authority is the minimum speed re-
quired to lift the nosewheel. The ratio of minimum nosewheel-raising speed to power-off
stall speed was determined from moment equilibrium about the main wheels, neglecting
thrust effects. This ratio was expressed as:
= /
_ W XI'9" CL_=° + c"_sC_c g.... o(1)
where the lift and pitching moment coefficients at a = 0 were based on full control deflec-
tions of 15 °, as shown in figures 31 and 32. This ratio was determined for the RI+RO and
FI+RI configurations and the RI+RO configuration with the forward wing surfaces used
as takeoff flaps (6r/ = 20 ° and _rM = 15°). Values of the minimum nosewheel-raising
speed ratio for the three control configurations are given below.
(RI+RO) (FI+RI) (RI+RO)+Flaps
0.97 o.s9 o.s4
The RI+RO+flaps configuration was the most effective, although all three control schemes
were able to raise the nosewheel below the stall speed. The reader should bear in mind
that these values are based on 15 ° control deflections and more control authority would
be available from greater control deflections.
Control surface deflection also affected the post-stall stability characteristics. Both
the RI+RO and FI+RI configurations appear to be completely stable well above the stall.
Trimmed characteristics- Wind-tunnel data obtained with and without the control
surfaces deflected were used to derive trimmed lift and drag characteristics of each longi-
tudinal control arrangement (neglecting thrust effects). Figure 34 shows the trimmed lift
characteristics of the FI+RI configuration, and the RI+RO configuration with and without
the FI and FM surfaces acting as take-off flaps.
Figure 35 shows the variation of trimmed lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) with lift coefficient
for both control arrangements. The FI+RI configuration had a slightly lower L//D because
of the alteration of wing twist as the controls are deflected.
Lateral-directional control- The JW-1 had a conventional aileron surface on the for-
ward wing outboard of the interwing joint (FO). This aileron may be supplemented with
either the middle forward flap (FM) or the outer surface on the rear wing (RO). Each
aileron surface used differential deflection so that the right aileron was deflected -15 ° and
the left aileron was deflected +10 °. Figure 36 shows the control effectiveness of the out-
board aileron alone and supplemented by each of the other two candidate ailerons. Figure
37 shows the effect of these control surfaces on yawing moment. The FM surface was
considerably more effective as an additional aileron than the RO surface. The forward
wing ailerons produced yaw away from the turn, whereas the rear wing aileron produced
yaw into the turn. In "all cases, the yaw coupling was small compared with the available
directional control from the rudder, as shown in figure 38.
6
To assessthe control authority of various aileron configurations, an estimate of thesteady-stateroll rate for a full-scaleJW-1 wasmadefrom the measuredaileron effectivenessaud an estimate of the roll damping from a vortex-lattice program. Tile steady-state rollrate wasestimated from
- b (2)( '/r, 2_'._
From figure 36. ('(,,,b,, -- 0.035 at _ = 0 for bFo - -15°/ + 10 °. The roll damping,
(',.,, was esliumted _ }>e -0.B. The JW-1 span was 40 ft. and it was assumed to beflying at 1.50 ft sec. The steady-state roll rate for this configuration was estimated to
be 0.44 rad/sec or 2.5' ,sec. Greater aileron deflection would, of course, lead to a greaterroll-rate.
Control effectiveness at high angles of attack is also an important evaluation criterion.
Figures 36 and ?,,_ iudicate that both the ailerons and ru<ider maintain good control au-
thority above .,tall and were more than adequate to control the abrupt changes in rolling
and yawing munwnt above the stall angle-of-attack shown in figures 28 and 29.
,Speed brake- The JW-1 was tested with sinlple speed brakes deployed from the engine
pylons as shown in figure 8. These speed brakes were designed as a means of altering the
glide slope for landing, because of the high L/D of the JWRA and the high idle-thrust
of the turbojet eugines. Figures 39 through 41 show the lift, drag, and pitching-moment
characteristics of the JW-1 with and without the speed ])rake deployed.
.1W-2 ('onfi_;urat.ion
LongitudiT_ol characteristics- Tile longitudinal characteristics of the JW-2 are shown
in figures 42 through 46. The transition strips were removed from the wings for flow-
visualization experiments on the JW-1 and were not reapplied. The JW-2 and JW-3
configurations were tested without forced transition. Figures 42 through 44 show the
variation of lift. drag, and pitching nmment with angle of attack. Figure 45 shows the
variation of longitudinal stability with angle of attack. Tile JW-2 had a static stability
of 0.30 to 0.34 _,ver the normal flight envelope for this moment reference location. Figure
46 shows the l)itchin_ moment characteristics of the JW-2 with the vortilons removed. As
with the JW-1, the longitudinal characteristics without the vortilon are less satisfactory.
L, tcral-di_'¢ctional characteristics. The lateral-directi¢,nal characteristics of the JW-2
are shown in figures 47 through 51. Figures 47 through 49 sh¢,w variations in side-force,
yawing-moment, and rolling-moment coefficients with angle of attack for sideslip angles of
0 °.and zk 2.5 ° . FiKures 50 and 51 show variations in lateral stability, ('el, and directional
stability, (',+, with an_le of attack.
LoTzgit,dinal cotdvol- Both the RI+RO and FI+RI control arrangements were evalu-
ated on the J W-2. As with the JW-1 configuration, data for the FI+ RI control arrangement
were determined by interpolating wind tunnel data. The control effectiveness of both ar-
rangements is shown in figure 52. Figure 53 shows the effect of these controls on the lift
characteristics of the JW-2. The two control arrangements had nearly the same elevator
effectiveness on the JW-2.
Trimmed characteristics- Wind-tunnel data with and without the control surfaces
deflected were used to derive trimmed lift and drag characteristics of the JW-2 using
both the RI+RO and FI+RI control configurations. Figure 54 shows the trimmed lift
characteristics and figure 55 shows the variation of trimmed L/D with lift coefficient for
both arrangements.
Lateral-directional control. The conventional aileron surface, FO, was shorter on the
JW-2 since the outer wing-panel was smaller. Figure 56 shows the control effectiveness
of the shorter FO aileron, both alone and supplemented by each of the candidate inboard
ailerons. Figure 57 shows the effect of these controls on yawing moment. Figure 58 shows
the directional control effectiveness of the rudder. As with the JW-1, the FM surface was
more effective as a supplemental aileron than the RO surface.
JW-3 Configuration
Longitudinal characteristics- The longitudinal characteristics of the JW-3 are shown in
figures 59 through 63. Figures 59 through 61 show the variation of lift, drag, and pitching
moment with angle of attack. Figure 62 shows the variation of longitudinal stabihty
with angle of attack. The JW-3 had a static stability of 0.28 to 0.38 over the normal
flight envelope for this moment reference location. Figure 63 shows the pitching moment
characteristics of the JW-3 with the vortilons removed. As with the JW-1 and JW-2, the
longitudinal characteristics without the vortilon are less satisfactory.
Lateral-directional characteristics- The lateral-directional characteristics of the JW-3
are shown in figures 64 through 68. Figures 64 through 66 show variations in side-force,
yawing-moment, and rolling-moment coefficients with angle of attack for sideslip angles of
0°and ± 2.5 °. Figures 67 and 68 show variations in lateral stability, Ctn, and directional
stability, C,_o, with angle of attack.
Longitudinal control- Both the RI+RO and FI+RI control arrangements were evalu-
ated on the JW-3. As with the JW-1 and JW-2 configurations, data for the FI+RI control
arrangement were determined by interpolating wind tunnel data. The control effectiveness
of both arrangements is shown in figure 69. Figure 70 shows the effect of these controls on
the lift characteristics of the JW-3. The FI+RI arrangement was somewhat less effective as
an elevator than the RI+RO arrangement on the JW-3. The FI+RI arrangement became
less effective on the JW-2 and JW-3 configurations because the moment reference center
(at the c.g.) was moved forward to achieve the sasne level of longitudinal stability. This
shortened the moment arm of the additional hft on the forward wing caused by deflection
of the FI surface.
Trimmed characteristics- Wind-tunnel data with and without the control surfaces
deflected were used to derive trimmed lift and drag characteristics of the JW-3 using
both the RI+RO and FI+RI control configurations. Figure 71 shows the trimmed lift
characteristics and figure 72 shows the variation of trimmed L/D with lift coefficient for
both arrangements.
Lateral-directional control- The outer wing-panel was removed on the JW-3, leaving
only the inboard surfacesavailablefor roll control. The FM and RO surfaceswereevaluatedas ailerons. Figure 73 showsthe control effectivenessof the FM and RO surfacesactingindividually and together. Figure 74showsthe effectof thesecontrols on yawingmoment.The FM surface was considerably more effective as an aileron than the RO surface. As
with the JW-1 and JW-2, the FM surface produced adverse yaw, whereas the RO surface
produced yaw into the turn. Rudder deflection data for the JW-3 was taken only with the
ailerons deflected. Figure 75 shows the rudder effectiveness with the FM aileron deflected.
The yaw coupling was quite small and easily controllable with the rudder in all cases.
JW-1 Wing-Body
The JW-1 configuration was tested with the rear wing removed to obtain longitudinal
aerodynamic characteristics of the wing-body only. The vertical tail and engines were left
on the fuselage, and vortilons were installed at the inboard wing station. The area of the
vertical tail where the rear wing attaches was faired smoothly to match the contours of
the vertical tail. The JW-1 moment reference center and reference area were used. Figures
76 through 78 show the variation of lift, drag, and pitching moment with angle of attack.
Figure 79 shows the variation of pitching moment with angle of attack with the vortilonsremoved.
Body Only
Longitudinal characteristics of the JWRA fuselage with vertical tail and engines in-
stalled are shown in figures 80 through 82. The wing-root area of the fuselage was faired
over smoothly. The JW-1 moment reference center and reference area were used for com-
putation of coefficients. Figure 83 and 84 show the directional characteristics of this
configuration.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
A one-sixth-scale model of a joined-wing research aircraft (JWRA) was tested in the
NASA Ames 12-Foot Pressure Wind Tunnel. The JWRA was designed to have removable
outer wing panels to represent three different configurations with the interwing joint located
at different fractions of the wing span. The aerodynamic characteristics of these three wing
configurations, called JW-1, JW-2, and JW-3, were measured. The JWRA was found to
have acceptable levels of stability and control, especially with vortilons installed. All of
the control surfaces maintained su_cient effectiveness to control the JWRA well above the
stall angle of attack.
Two longitudinal control configurations were evaluated for use on the JWRA. The
FI-RI arrangement was found to be slightly more effective than the RI+RO arrangement
on the JW-1. However, the FI+RI arrangement lost effectiveness as the moment reference
center was moved forward on the JW-2 and JW-3, since the pitching-moment contribution
from an increase in wing hit was reduced. On the JW-3, this arrangement was less effective
than the RI+RO arrangement. The FI+RI arrangement had a slightly lower L/D than
the RI+RO arrangement on all three configurations, because of the alteration of the wing-incidence distribution when the FI surface was deflected.
9
Two control surfaceswere evaluated for roll control effectiveness to supplement the
aileron on the JW-1 and JW-2 and to act as the primary aileron on the JW-3. In all cases,
the FM surface was more effective as an aileron than the RO surface. None of the aileron
surfaces studied created severe adverse yaw.
A small speed-brake arrangement installed on the engine pylons was found to produce
a significant amount of drag, providing a convenient means of glidepath control for landing.
10
REFERENCES
1. Sim, A.G.; and Curry, R.E.: Flight Determined Aerodynamic Derivatives of the AD-1
Oblique-Wing Research Airplane. NASA TP-2222, Oct. 1984.
2. Smith, S.C.: Cliff, S.E.; and Kroo, I.M.: The Design of a Joined-Wing Flight Demon-
strator Aircraft. AIAA Paper 87-2930, Sept. 1987.
3. Wolkovitch, J.: Joined Wing Research Airplane Feasibility Study. AIAA Paper
84-2471, Oct. 1984.
4. Sivells, J.C.; and Salmi, R.M.: Jet-Boundary Corrections for Complete and Semispan
Swept Wings in Closed Circular Wind Tunnels. NACA TN-2454, Sept. 1951.
5. Herriot, J. G.: Blockage Corrections for Three-Dimensional-Flow Closed-Throat Wind
Tunnels, with Consideration of the Effect of Compressibility. NACA Report 995, 1950.
6. Braslow, A.L.; and Knox, E.C.: Simplified Method for Determination of Critical
Height of Distributed Roughness Particles for Boundary-Layer Transition at Mach
Numbers From 0. to 5. NACA TN-4363, Sept. 1958.
7. Shevell, R.: and Schaufele, R.: Aerodynamic Design Features of the DC-9. AIAA
Paper 65-738, Nov. 1965.
ll
TABLE I.- JWRA MODEL GEOMETRIC DATA (Dimensions in feet)
Configuration JW-1 JW-2 JW-3
Span 6.667 5.383 4.000
Length 5.597 5.597 5.597
Height 1.271 1.271 1.271
Sref 3.039 2.651 2.137
Cref 0.484 0.510 0.543
Forward Wing
Area 3.039 2.651 2.137
Sweep(c/4) 30.5 ° 30-5° 30"5°
Taper Ratio 0.4 0.4 0.4
Dihedral 5.0 ° 5.0° 5"0°
Rear Wing
Area 0.933 0.933 0.933
Sweep(c/4) -32.0 ° -32.0 ° -32.0 °
Taper Ratio 0.6 0.6 0.6Dihedral - 20.0 ° - 20.0 ° - 20.0 °
Vertical Tail
Area 0.475 0.475 0.475
Sweep(c/4) 32 ° 32° 32°
Taper Ratio 0.3 0.3 0.3
Datums (fuselage stations)
Nose 0.611 0.611 0.611
Fwd wing L.E. @CL 2.796 2.796 2.796
Rear wing L.E. @C_ 5.661 5.661 5.661
Balance Center 3.986 3.986 3.986
Moment Reference 3.886 3.804 3.695
Main landing gear 4.122 4.122 4.122
Root
Joint
Tip
Root
Joint
Tip
Forward Wing
JWR
JWJ
JWT
7.5 °
5.5 °
2.1 °
Airfoils
Rear Wing
JTR
JTT
Incidence
3.0 °
5.0 °
Vertical Tail
JFR
JFT
0.0 °
0.0 °
12
TableII.- AIRFOILCOORDINATES
x/c
0.00000.00250.00500.00750.01000.01500.02000.02500.03000.04000.05000.06000.07000.08000.09000.10000.1200O.14000.16000.18000.20000.22000.24000.26000.28000.30000.33000.36000.39000.42000.45000.48000.51000.54000.57000.60000.63000.66000.69000.72000.75000.78000.81000.84000.87000.90000.93000.960O0.98001.0000
JWR (wing root)y/c upper y/c lower
0.00000 0.000000.00953 -0.007760.01350 -0.010370.01641 -0.012280.01883 -0.013830.02286 -0.016150.02624 -0.017960.02924 -0.019510.03196 -0.020890.03679 -0.023360.04 100 -0.025530.04472 -0.027470.04808 -0.029210.05115 -0.030820.05399 -0.032300.05662 -0.033690.06136 -0.036180.06554 -0.038360.06926 -0.040280.07261 -0.041980.07562 -0.043470.07833 -0.044780.08076 -0.045910.08293 -0.046880.08485 -0.047690.08653 -0.048340.08860 -0.049030.09014 -0.049380.09113 -0.049380.09149 -0.048940.09116 -0.047990.09013 -0.046540.08838 -0.044560.08590 -0.042050.08277 -0.039120.07907 -0.035850.07489 -0.032340.07024 -0.028630.06518 -0.024790.05978 -0.020900.05408 -0.017050.04810 -0.013260.04189 -0.00964
0.03552 -0.006280.02904 -0.003300.02251 -0.000850.01602 0.000860.00968 0.001450.00561 0.000860.00145 -0.00145
JWJ (wing join0y/c upper y/c lower
0.00000 0.000000.01191 -0.008340.01695 -0.011020.02063 -0.012990.02363 -0.014580.02851 -0.016980.03250 -0.018890.03593 -0.020530.03896 -0.022000.04416 -0.024630.04850 -0.026930.05221 -0.028960.05544 -0.030790.05831 -0.032460.06088 -0.034000.06321 -0.035420.06726 -0.037960.07071 -0.040150.07368 -0.042060.07629 -0.043740.07857 -0.045210.08059 -0.046490.08236 -0.047590.08390 -0.048550.08523 -0.049350.08635 -0.05001
0.08763 -0.050730.08846 -0.051140.08882 -0.051240.08861 -0.050930.08779 -0.050150.08633 -0.048880.08421 -0.047110.08143 -0.044830.07808 -0.042120.07422 -0.039070.06993 -0.03577
0.06527 -0.032250.06025 -0.028560.05496 -0.024790.04946 -0.021000.04374 -0.017210.03788 -0.013530.03194 -0.01002
0.02598 -0.006810.02007 -0.00402
0.01431 -0.001850.00884 -0.000650.00547 -0.00071
0.00225 -0.00225
JWT (wing tip)y/c upper y/c lower
0.00000 0.000000.01215 -0.008620.01736 -0.011300.02115 -0.013270.02423 -0.014850.02919 -0.017260.03320 -0.019180.03663 -0.020840.03963 -0.022330.04472 -0.025000.04892 -0.027340.05246 -0.029400.05551 -0.031260.05820 -0.032960.06059 -0.034530.06275 -0.035980.06650 -0.038560.06969 -0.040780.07248 -0.042710.07496 -0.044380.07719 -0.045830.07921 -0.047070.08105 -0.048130.08270 -0.049000.08420 -0.049710.08552 -0.050250.08719 -0.050760.08846 -0.050930.08931 -0.050730.08962 -0.050100.08932 -0.048970.08839 -0.047340.08679 -0.045190.08450 -0.04254
0.08159 -0.039470.07815 -0.036080.07422 -0.032480.06985 -0.028700.06507 -0.024820.05993 -0.020930.05449 -0.017110.04875 -0.013410.04277 -0.009920.03659 -0.006760.03027 -0.004030.02387 -0.001910.01750 -0.000590.01129 -0.000410.00736 -0.001260.00360 -0.00360
13
x/c
0.0000
0.0025
0.0050
0.0075
0.0100
0.01500.0200
0.0250
0.03000.0400
0.0500
0.0600
0.0700
0.0800
0.0900
0.10000.1200
0.1400
0.1600
0.1800
0.2000
0.2200
0.2400
0.260O
0.2800
0.30000.3300
0.3600
0.3900
0.4200
0.4500
0.4800
0.5100
0.5400
0.5700
0.6000
0.6300
0.6600
0.6900
0.7200
0.7500
0.7800
0.8100
0.8400
0.87000.9000
0.9300
0.9600
0.9800
1.0000
Table II.- (CONTINUED)
JTR (tail root)
y/c UPl_ y/c lower
0.00000 0.00000
0.00920 -0.00716
0.01253 -0.01026
0.01499 -0.01257
0.01703 -0.01446
0.02040 -0.017480.02323 -0.01991
0.02575 -0.02204
0.02807 -0.02397
0.03225 -0.02743
0.03597 -0.03048
0.03930 -0.03320
0.04233 -0.03567
0.04512 -0.037920.04770 -0.04000
0.05011 -0.04194
0.05448 -0.04545
0.05834 -0.04851
0.06175 -0.051200.06476 -0.05353
0.06742 -0.05555
0.06974 -0.05728
0.07175 -0.058740.07347 -0.05993
0.07489 -0.06087
0.07604 -0.06157
0.07724 -0.06216
0.07783 -0.06222
0.07781 -0.06176
0.07719 -0.06078
0.07595 -0.05928
0.07412 -0.05727
0.07174 -0.05481
0.06889 -0.05196
0.06561 -0.04878
0.06194 -0.04533
0.05795 -0.04 165
0.05366 -0.03779
0.04912 -0.03379
0.04438 -0.02972
0.03947 -0.02561
0.03447 -0.02154
0.02944 -0.01757
0.02448 -0.01381
0.01967 -0.01035
0.01512 -0.00732
0.01092 -0.00486
0.00721 -0.00320
0.00512 -0.00279
0.00340 -0.00340
(tail tip)
y/c upper y/c lower
0.00000 0.00000
0.00914 -0.00711
0.01251 -0.01022
0.01503 -0.01258
0.01714 -0.01453
0.02067 -0.017700.02365 -0.02030
0.02630 -0.02257
0.02872 -0.02462
0.03309 -0.02829
0.03694 -0.03150
0.04038 -0.03435
0.04350 -0.03691
0.04635 -0.03923
0.04899 -0.041360.05144 -0.04333
0.05586 -0.04685
0.05973 -0.04989
0.06314 -0.05254
0.06613 -0.05480
0.06872 -0.05672
0.07097 -0.05832
0.07289 -0.05961
0.07450 -0.06063
0.07581 -0.061390.07681 -0.06190
0.07775 -0.06219
0.07799 -0.06194
0.07757 -0.06117
0.07654 -0.05988
0.07491 -0.05808
0.07276 -0.05584
0.07012 -0.05322
0.06704 -0.05026
0.06359 -0.04701
0.05981 -0.04350
0.05574 -0.03978
0.05141 -0.03590
0.04689 -0.03193
0.04224 -0.02794
0.03753 -0.02400
0.03281 -0.02019
0.02814 -0.01657
0.02362 -0.01325
0.01933 -0.01031
0.01535 -0.00790
0.01178 -0.00616
0.00873 -0.00527
0.00706 -0.00522
0.00570 -0.00570
14
JFR (fill root)
y/c symmetric
0.00000
0.01285
0.01808
0.02194
0.02501
0.02972
0.03338
0.036480.03919
0.04372
0.04739
0.05044
0.053040.055280.05723
0.05897
0.06194
0.06438
0.066450.06825
0.06982
0.071200.07242
0.07349
0.07441
0.07518
0.07604
0.07655
0.07668
0.07630
0.07534
0.07377
0.07156
0.06871
0.06532
0.06145
0.05722
0.05264
0.04777
0.042710.03750
0.03218
0.02683
0.02153
0.01636
0.01245
0.00845
0.00510
0.00348
0.00250
JFT (f'm tip)
y/c symmetric
0.00000
0.00871
0.01238
0.015110.01729
0.02053
0.02291
0.024900.02664
0.02950
0.03174
0.03353
0.03502
0.036270.03733
0.03824
0.039740.04092
0.04189
0.04271
0.O4341
0.04403
0.04457
0.04504
0.04544
0.04578
0.04614
0.04634
0.04634
0.04609
0.04554
0.04466
0.04342
0.04182
0.03989
0.03766
0.03518
0.03249
0.02961
0.02658
0.02345
0.02022
0.01694
0.01367
0.01050
0.00755
0.00486
0.00260
0.00149
0.00080
TABLE III.- AVAILABLE CONTROL SURFACE DEFLECTIONS FOR THE JWRA MODEL
Surface Baseline Longitudinal Lateral
right/left
FI 0° 20° -15°/10 °FM 0° 15° -15°/10 °FO 0° -15°/10 °RI 0° 100,-5°,-15 °
RO 0° 100,-5°,-15 o -15°/10 °
RUDDER 0°,15 °
15
Figure I. NASA AD-I Oblique-Wing Aircraft.
Figure 2. One-Sixth-Scale JWRA Model Installedin the Ames 12-FootPressure Wind Tunnel.
ORIGINAL PAGE
BLACK AND WHITE PHOI'O_
16
A
(Dimensions are in inches)
45 °
Figure 3. Model Support Strut.
Figure 4. J'W-I Configuration.
17
Figure 5. 7#-2 Configuration.
Figure 6. 7#-3 Configuration.
18
FORO
RI
Figure 7. Control Surface Nomenclature.
19
3
(Dimensions are in inches)
375
4.875
Figure B. Vortilon installation.
2O
(Dimensions are in inches)
J'q_---1.625
I
GE STATION 4.08
65°
Figure 9. Speed Brake Installationon Engine Pylon.
21
Zw
NOTES:
x W
CL
1. POSITIVE DIRECTIONS OF FORCE AND MOMENT COEFFICIENTSAND ANGLES ARE SHOWN BY ARROWS.
2. FOR CLARITY ORIGIN OF WIND AXES, xw, Yw, Zw, HAVE BEENDISPLACED FROM THE CENTER OF GRAVITY.
Figure I0.Axis Systems and Sign Conventions for Aerodynamic Data.
22
::::::::::::.:.........................:::::::::l!i I:F'ii!!!!i iiii ii!!J!!i! !!iii!ii.l!i!! ii!!l!!!i......... l.o,,i .... i .... _ ................. ,oo ....... °1 ........ " ....
oooo,,oo,o_ .... ! .... • .....
.... I .... a ..... ,o-I .... I .... ! ................. • .......... [o ....... . ....
::::1::::1::: ::::1::::'::::1:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::1:::: ::::,::::• oo,| .... |oo, ,ooo| .... I .... _ ...... • ...... • ..... • .... oo-ot • ....... • ....
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::]]]]1]]]]1]]]_]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]l]]]]i]]_J]]i].... n .... n ........ n .... i .... n ....... • ................. o,o,m ......... | ....
iili]]]li i,_iiiliiiiliiiil ii ]iii iiii ]iii i]i ii i!iii:liiii ]iiiliii]
]]]]:i]i]1/]]]ii]i]ii]]]]111]]]]]]]i iiiiiiii ii]iiii]]];ii:i1:iii........................... i''° ................. ' ........ i' .......
........ v................................. I ........ ........ ] .... I ....
iiiiiiiilrtiiiiiiillililiiiilii!i'iiiiiiiiiiii!!i iii!iiiil!iiiiiii_lilil.... I........ I .............il!il!i!i,i_iiiiili?iiliiiillii!:iiiiiiiliiii":......................::: :::: ::::l::::!::::i::::
.............. ::: :::: :::: :::: :::::::: ::::!::::i:::: :::: :::::::: ::::
iii!liiiil!iii iii:',_iiliiiiliiii i]iii!i!!iiiii ii]i!!i! i!!!lii]i iiiiliiii
iiiiIiii]11]iiii]i!ii_]]iIiii]]i]ii]iii]i]i]]]ii]i ]]]]1111]]]]ii]ii]]]]]l!i]]l]i!]]i]i!]i]]]_]]]]]!i]]i]]]]]l!]ii]!]]]]]:]]]i]]]][i]]i
|
iiiiliiiiliiii ]iii ..... ..::::'X iiii iiii iiii i]ii i]ii iiiiliiii iiiiliiii................................ _oo ...................... • ...... oo|.ooo
iiiil!iiiliiii_iiiiliiiiliiii[iiii_i_iiiiiiii iiii iiiiiiiiliiii ii]iliiii.... , .... o ........ ,,oo,,.oo,o ........ _ ........... i ........ . ........ ,,.,o
• : ::: :': :': :: :::: ::::I::: :.]._.:: :::: ":::i :::: :::: :::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
]]i]l]il]l]]]i i]]]l]]]il]]]il]i]] ]]]]1]i]] ]i]] i]_ _ ]]i]ll]il i]]i.]]]]
.... , .... , ..... o,o,o,o.,oo,., .... o ..... o ............ _ ..................
!!!!li!!!l!!!! ]!!!1!!!!1!!!!1!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! _!!!! !!]!1!!!!
]i]]]]i]]]]]]]i]]]]]i]i]]]]]]]i!ii]!]]]i]]!]]]]]]]]i!]]!!_ ................................................................ i .....
.... _........................................................ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
'_;:)
° i
o
f_
23
:::: "::: :::i::::I:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: !::: :::: :::: ::::1::::::::
.......................... ul I ,.... ' ............ _ ::::1::::1::::1::::1::::1::::1::::1::::'::::,':::: ::::
.............................., .... , ........ ===========================,::::1::::'::::_:::: ::::
::::iiiili!iiliiil iiiiliiii_i!iiliiiiliiiiliiiillililiiiiliiiiliiii iiii::::::::J::::'::::::::'::::'::::_'iiiilliiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliill iiii:::: ::::,::::1:::: ::::1::::1::::1
o.,
d
i!!i !!!!li!ii;iiii i!iiliiii'i!iil!!i!.i_ _liiiiliii!liiiil!iiiliiii i!ii ©........ • .... I ........ • .... ,.o.0• .... ,°°.., .... _ll_o ! ° .., .... f,,oo# ....... 0 _,_
:::: ::::::::::,:::: ::::_:::: .... _............... .- ...................
........ n .... i ....... 0|00o._ 0,00 .... •,.0n .... •.,°.• .... |0.0"_ ,,-'m-,0• o.o,
•:::..:_:::l:.:-.I:....:-.,--.._ I-.:_:::_:-:'i,.I:-: :--:• ....... | .... | ........ m*oo°| • oo•| •,- °10,- .1 .... • .... • .... • ....
_ii iiiiliiiiliiii iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiiii_ ::iii::::i::...... • °l .... I ........ I°''°l .... l .... I'''=1 .... I .... l .... | .... i'° I
]]]].i]i]l]]_]l]]]].]]]]l]]]]l]]]]n]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]i]l]]]]l]]]]_]]]]_]]]!]]]],,,IIIILi::iiiii:i!ii::iiiiiiliiiilii::ilii:::lii:.::li::iilii=iliii::liii::!:.:.!::i::ii o
i::::i::ii_::ii::_iii::_5i::i1iiii_::i::i_iii:._iiii_i::ii_i::ii_i::ii_::::::i_::iii_ii(:_::iii_, _?!??]?!?l!!??l!i???i?!l????l???!l!??!li?i?l!?i!li?!?l?!?!l????l!???l!?__......................................................... i:::::::::,.._ ....... . .... .o.°° ..°..oo.o. .... .°°.o.°.o°. .... . .... . .... °° I,.,,
.................................. I": .................... ;:::: ::::_::::':::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::1:: T "-'r..>:::-::--.::::.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::" :::"::::,':::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ,'_
.......................................iiiLi::iili::iiliii!l!::i::!::i_'....!!! '!!!!'!!!! !!!! !!!!_!!!!n!!!'_i!!:'_::::':
_...,............ ,................................... !...,...... I' {?!??i?!????!!'!!??i?!?!1!!!?1!?!?1!?!]1!!]?17!!!17!!!1!!??1!!!!.!!!..?]?i
...............................................................": 'i_ _:::: :::: ' ::::1 .... iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiii'iiii'iiiiliiiii::
Q:}
24
............................... • ............... i .... i.... !.... i .... I ........:..............::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.... _? ::: :::: :::: ::::::::1"::io,., ooo°: .... :,o.oi .... : ........ • .... -'o.o, .... ,-,o, ........ i .... ,.... • .... I....,....
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
=====================================================::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::,,,, ..... n .... I .... I .... ! .... I .... ,,, ,m .... • .... • ....... • .... • .... n ............ , ....
"':i ................. :::1:::: :::: :::: ::::1::: ::::,:::.,:::: ::::'::'. "": ....• :::::::::::::::::::::....... I....I....I...... , ............ I....:..:J:::.l:::: o
]i!i!iiilii!!li!i!li!iili!!iliiiiiiiiil!iiil]!!ilii!iiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiil!iiiiiiiiliiil"_:1:: :::: :::: ::2: :::: 2::: :':2 "':: :::" :::" ::'-l:::: :::: :2:2 ::2: 212:':::: ::2:
":'!i,iii?.'i!iilli_?'iii!!!!!!]i!li!]!l!!i]t!]i!l!ii!liii]}!!i]liii]_]]iiii!%_..°'°° ..................... " ...... ° ...... °°1 ........ I ....
?!ii ????l???il?i??ll???il?i??'i??ii'???:'????'??i:'??5? ??!i,????l'?i??l]_ ' .... ' .........r::::,::::l::::........ I .... I .... I .... l .... I .... I .... • .... l .... l ........ I .... I .... I ........ I ''°'" ....
i!iiii ii! i!ii !i i ii i i!ii ii i i!!i iii! iii! iiii iiiii i ii ii iiiii i !iiii !ii!F iii i!i! ii! iii ??ii iiii i ii iiii ?iiiii i iii iiii /i`iiii iiii iii?"
.................... ........... " ...... ° ......... I ....... " .... " .....iiiiiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiiiii_ ilitiilliiiiiiiiliiiill!iiliiiil!ii!li!!!lii!ili!!i'ii!......................._ ........................" ....
•._ ....... ::::::::::::::::::::::::
..........................................._ .........!!i!l!!ii!!!;i!!!ili!ii...... :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .... I
...... • :n .... • .... • .... n .... • .... • .... • ....
........................................ :::: :::: ::: :::: :::: ::: ::::l:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_ ................... . .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... ,..o., ....
...... o,n .... n .... • .... • .... • .... ,:o,_1 .... • .... • .... i .... • .... • .... |°.:o ..... °,, ....
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1::3:::_.!i.... ::...... :::: :: !i!!_iii!_ii!!r!!!il!!!!:::::::::::::::::::-::::,:.,,......... ::,:::: • ........,........................ ::::1::::::::" _:: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::....iiii :::::::=========================::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.,,Jilliiiiliiiilii_'_.iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliilliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiililil'ii]] i]ii ' _.??]::?i?il]]]il?]]il??i?.?i?il???i:???]l??i?l?ii]'?]ii:]iiil?i]?l?]??...... • ,i..-_ .... a .... e .... i .... i .... • .... a,.,.i .... .... l .... i .... l .... a .... a .... i ..... _i_
I
J
0
,I,-II
I
d
0_
3
2S
............. • ..........................
iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiiiiiii iiiiiiii............. •
............. • ..........................
.......... • ° • • ...... ° ....................
.......... . ............. ! ................
.o .............. _ °" ......
iiii iiii iiii iiii !i!i __ iiii ii!i iiii................ r ......................
iii! iiii iiii ii_ iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii
iiii !!!ii{i iill !iii iiii !iii iiil !iii iiii......... _o ......... • .......... ° oo ......
.............................. o o . ......
•........." " i I I ......................... I .I . I .... I .... I .... I "''"....
[][[ _][[ ]_ [[][ [][[ [[[[ [i][! ::][ ]:][ [[]1
]!]]]]]]]]]!]]]]]]]]ii]] ]]]]]]]]!]]]]]]]]
........... o @.... i ............ i ............
I I I _[ , I .... I .... I .... I .... I..... I ....
::\.... , !'_ , , ' , ,
i ............ i ............. " " "
............ . ...........................
.... • ...................................
.................... i ....................
............ ........ i ....................
,d,
_D
I
_O
26
.....................•,:_:::::::::.........iiT'_ '''(!!!I!!!!!!!!'::::__i_....:_iiiliiiiiiiTili
.... ' ........ I .... ' .... °°''1 ........ "°'"
.... :. ° ,ii ill • • • °° ,._ ° ............
iii!_i_!7i....!-./.!!!!llii!!i !,ii!ili!i!l!!ilj!i!i!!!i_!i!!_!!i!.!!i!!!!i!!!!!: .......!:::,i:-:::-:::-:J::::l::::1::::I:'.......::::1::::1::::iiii ......... _.... : :::: ::' "::: i:::1::::
::::!::::i .... _::t:'::::I::::1:::: .:.:i::::l::::i::::! '_.............. t_ .........::::,:::_: ::::::::::. ::::::::::::::::::::::;_1_1___;_1_.......... :.°. ...
_,,. il::--'-
........ [i! .................... ' ................................. '........... :1 ::::1::::1::::1:::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::1::::1::::1::::.::.1::::
,,[,,,,i
0
::::, .... i .......... I.................... ! ........................... .......:1:1:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1::::11:::1::::!:::1::::.... ,.... i{ ................. • """l ......... ' ................ i ...............
iiiiiiii iiiliii::liii::l::ii:liiiiiiii iiiiliiii.iii;iii_iiiiliiiiliiiiliiii:iii,iii::.... I . °1 :°°= .... • .... • .... i..,- :--:] .... • .... : .... • ....... i.°,°= .... • ....... °=°°oo
:::::::::::i:::::::::::i::::i::::: ::::l ........ ::::1::: ::::1::2:11:::1:::: 1;::12:::........ _ ........... I...... )' ............ , ..... ,i .................. I............... ! °o°.= .... • .... • .... • ....... :!
•--:l========================::::l:::: ::::,::::1:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::iiii . "...................... _.........................................
::::,::_======================_<.:: ::::l::::l::::l::_.::::l:::iliiiili::iii,iil!ii!"''°| ........... °''' .... I .... :., ...... !,°,. .......... , ........ , °° o...................... I.................... ,.................... I........ !....:-:-::: :::1::::1::::::-::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::1::::1:::-:::::: :--:....iii _ii:liiiilliii!i:iil::_:iiiiiiiiiliiiiliiiilT:i,.,iii!li::iiliiTi!:.i.i_i::....
::_.::ili:::ilii:i.iiiili._i ::iilii.:lliiilliiili..!:::::::::::::::::::::::::::i!_ii::::il°°° .... I I i.............. : :: : :::: :::1 :::: 1::: 11: 22:: ::1: 1::: :1:: 1: :1::::
.....................'.......!iliiii::::l::i::::liii::lT!;:--::-:_::-:,-:::ii_iliiii....... ..., ....,.......... :::=.........,....
....... :::::::::::::::::::::: "I "_ ..... i
...... : .... _............... _i' ..................... _ .... I .... I ......... '.....
........!!!!1!!!!1!!!!1!!!!1!!!;1!!!!!!!!l!!!!l!!!!l!!!i!i" !!!!!!!!1!!!!!! !17!!!i....... ::::::::::::::::::::: :: :::: ::::'::::'::::1:1"" =============================
::::l:::.i ::::::::::::::::::::: =================================================::.::]::::i....... li .--, ........ I .... i-'-- .... -.............. -- ............ --1 .... i.... I....................... , :_,_.................. i_: ............... i_'l ....• ': :... :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1:,::=
•,._=lqlql ,
<_
<'.4"6
I
"aI:::l
li
t::l
I ";t
l°_Jll _ _.o _ _ _ _ _ _ _00<1 .... I I I
IIII 'b
2'7
................ i:::: :::: :_':::: ::': :::: ::': :" _: .....J.......f.......i...._l._ ....I....I....!ii! _::::::: _!!l!!iil!!!!l!!_....'_::::::i ,!!!!_i!li!!ili!!!
_i!_.!!_..!\_.!!i!_:i_..<!!li!ilV,i_'..ii!l!!!!l!!__
_ _i_>i_,__iiii_i!_l_i _
_i._ii_iiii_iiiiiiiii!il_iiil!il!!ii!_l_!_ii!i!ili!i!li!_° ._iiii!iiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiillIiiiiilliiiiiiiiiliiiiliill-iiiiliiiil_t_i_l_ii.iii_l_i_li_ii!i_!_,ii_I °_ii!.i_iii!i!_i_!_!i!i!_l_iiili_t_l_i_l_ii!!_!!ii_l!_°
!!::!i!i .!!! :!::i!i!!iii::!_ii'iiiilii!_::i!il:i!iliiii '_
28
I ....
.°°.
I::::
I::::
i,,-.
i ....
! ....
L ....
,.0.°
i ....
I,°.°i ....
! ....
i ....
! ....
I ....
• • ,,_.
.°°.
.... i
.... I
iiii::::!::::l.... i
.... i
::::i.,,i
.... i
.... i
.... i
::::i
.... i
.... i
.... i
.... i
.... I
.... i
.... I
.... °°
.... °.
.... °.
.... °.
.... °.
.... °°
..°.
,°°°
0°°°
°.°.
.... °°
i
.... °°
.... °,
.... i
...... i
.... I
_'° °'°°i
.... i
:| .... i• 4 °,°°
...... !
.. b.l.'
.... °.
.... °°j
°°°°1
...... I
:" ::::1.... ,.,
"" W''4• . _...I
°1- ° •
• 0 -i..
°_°.l
.... t,i
.... 4°1
°,._1
..... !
...... i
.... I
.... i
I
0
.°°
°°.
°,.
°, .
°,.
0.°
°°°
°..
°..
°,°
°..
°..
.,°
°°°
°. •
°..
.°.
.°...°
..°
°..
.°°
.. °
°°.
°°.
o.°
.,.
°. 0
0..
.°°
°.°
..°
..°
...
°. °
...
°..
°°°
..0
°° °
.°.
..°
°..
..0
°.°
.,0
.o0
°°.
°..
0,°
°°°
°.°
°.°
°..
°°.
°°.
°..
°..
°..
.°°
°°°
.°0
°.°
..°
.°,
°,.
..°
°o0
t::
0
c)
o, ......
.° ......
°° ......
.° ......
-°°- _
°,°, _.°°
.°°_ ....
• o, ......
°,. .....
• _ °.°°
.... °.°.
°°°°
., ......
,o .... 0°
.° ......
.°°. ..°.
.0 ......
.0 ......
.° ......
°, ......
• 0 ......
.° ......
.0 ......
.,.. ....
.° ......
.0 ......
°0.. ....
.... i ....
.0 ......
.° ......
°00o, °°°°.° ......
• ,.°1 ....
.0 ......
°°°°i ....• o°° .°°.
].. ......
::::1 ....-0°.!°°--
::::1 ....":::1 ....
::::1 ........ I ....
°'°°1 ....
• 0-.I ....
°0°o; ....
::::1 ....
• • • 0] • ,,.
.... I ....
• ,,,1 ....
.... I ....
iii,iill
O0
_°_ .... °
't# ......
IP ......
• ...... °
° ...... ,
I° .......
• ....... °
,_:: ....
,.,, _,_°..
::::
° ...... _
0-°. _
0°°° ....
°..°
° .......
°.°° ....
°°°0 ....
0.., ....
• ..... °°
°..° °.°.
_o.. oo°°
°.o...°.
• ..... °.
°°°° ....
°o°. °.°°
e°.. .°o°
e°°. °°.°
..°. ....
.°°° ...°
..,. °°o°
°... 0°°.
,..0 ....
0°°° ....
0°.° ....
°°°° °0°.
• ....... j
°.°° .... I
°°.0 .°..,
°°°° °°°°1
°°-° 0°.41
2:
°0-° -,°_l
0°-. .°.m°
,-*, -oe°,
..... °j°
..... i..i:::: d::l
,.,, .....
i
........ °,
...... 0,
........ ,,
........ °,
........ °,
...... °,
• " :._. ....
.° . .......
°. I .......
:_ ........
•i .........
I .........
i: :21: :12:.... , .....
.... , ......., .....
,, .0o .....
,..00 .....
.... 0. ,.0,
.... , .....
.... , .....
.... 0 .....
• ., .... •
.... , .....
.... ° .....
.... ,, ..,.
....... ,...
::i:::: ::::...... ,...
,.i ........
° .......
.°.°
.0.°
.°.°
°°.°
.°°°
.0.o
.,.°
.°.°
.°..
.°°,
.°°°
°°.°
°.°o
°°.°
....
.0°.
.°..
°0°°
.°..
°0..
.°..
°°0°
0°°.
......... 0°o
°.°,
°.°.
......... °..
........ °°.°
......... °..
......... °.°
......... °°.
......... °..
..°° ..... .°.
........ .°..
......... .°°
,..° ..... ..°
.°°. ........
°°°, °°°. °0°o
.°.0 ..... ,.o
......... °°.
..°. ........
..,° ........
..... ° ......
..... 0 ......
..... ° ......
..... ° ......
..... , ..... °
..... ° ......
,.., .° ......
,°j ............. , ......
,-I ............. °°0 ,.-.
I I I I
l-e
°
I
I
I
I
I
E
29
• ° . ,
.... • ° ...... • .......
.... ° ....... ° .......
............ ° .......
.... ° ° . ° .... , ........ , , °° ° ..................
• ° ...... • ........ ° . .• . ° ° ° ° ° ° • ........ ° ° ................. o ° . °........ ° ........ o ° .
........ ° ........ o . .• . . ° .... ° ........ ° ° °........ ° ....... ° ° . °........ ° ....... . , ° °
........ , ....... ° ° . .
........ o ....... . ° ° °
........ ° ......... , °
........ ° ......... ° °
.................. ° °
........ ° ...........
.............. , °
........ o ............... ° ° ° ..... ° . , °
.... o ....... ° ° , .
....... °
• ° . ° ........ o ...... ° ° , ° °
.......... , °...... ° °
° .......
• , ° .
aD
I
oo
:3
0r_
I
0
rJ3
30
0c:)
!!!! !i!! :::: :::: _!!!! i!!i ii!iii!! ii!! i!i! !!!! i!ii l!i!! ........
!ili iii! iili :::: _i ii!_ .:::: ii?i :::::iZi .... :IZ: ©
/
............. o ......... , ....
v
°.
.... i ..... ° 0 ..... 0 ° ° .
I• • , ..... . o • ...... , ..............
.... _ ...................... ._
:::: :::: :::: © iiiii iiii iiil ........
!!!! !!i! :::: '
31
32
,,i,,-I.... I .... I ........ I....I .... I .... I.-,-I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I ........ I ........ • .... : ....... n .... I .... n .... I .... ! .... I .... n .... | .... | .... m ........ | ....
.... n .... n-oq .... no°-on .... | .... n .... n .... n .... n .... loooon .... I ........ | ....
.... I .... I''_ .... | .... | .... | .... I .... a .... | .... I .... i .... n .... | ........ I ....
i .... i I I I • I .... i .... B .... i .... R .... R .... I I I . I I .... i ........ i ....I I I II
.... i .... i., iI ..... i . . • • i • • ,.l .... | .... l .... l .... i .... l • • • . i .... i ........ i ....
.... . .... • ...... a..--I .... a .... I,..'l .... I .... l .... I .... I ............ . ....
.... , ...... ( .... m .... o .... m .... .-oool ........ | .... . .... . .... • ........ : ....
.... I .... | ....... |o°o.m .... ! .... ioo.°m .... | .... ! .... m .... ! .... l ........ I ....
.... i .... t ....... i .... l .... I .... ioo.,i .... i .... | .... m .... ! .... i ........ I ....
.... l .... l ....... i °°,,| .... g .... i .... | .... i .... | -o..| .... l .... i ........ i ....
.... | .... n ....... i°°,om .... m ooo°i°-°om .... oo°,1 .... • .... • .... • ........ e ....
:::'l::::i::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::1::::
::::1::::1:::, :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: "::: 0
:':::::::::::i ::i:::::::i::::11::::::i::::::::::::::::::::::i:::::::: :1::1::::
]]]]1]]]]1]]]:,_-]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]1]]]],_ r,°°•o0°.|All .... • .... • .... • .... • .... • .... : .... n .... • ........ | ....
.... • .... n .... m .... I .... | .... u .... n,°o0| .... | .... m ........ I ....
......... r._ ....................................... ,l .... i .... i ........ i ....
i!!!l!!!i_i!! !!!!l!!!!l!!!!l!!!!l!!!!l!!!il!!!!l!!!!l!i!!li!!!l!!!! !!!!1!!!!......... ._......................... I .... i ........................ ©:::::::::_i !iiil_isiliiiil!iiiliiiiliiii!iii_iiiliiiiliiiil!iiiiiiiliii!]]]]l]i]]_]__]::ll]]]l]]]]l::::]]l]]]::l]]]]l]]]::']i]]I]]]]l]]]]l]]]]::iiil::::i]iiiiliiiiliiii_'i:.::::liii:.tiii!liiiil:.iiiliiiilii::::liiiil:.iiiliiiiiiiiliii:."i::i::llii!'.iii::ii!.x.'_li:.::ilii:.il:.!:::.liiiil:::.!ilii::iliiiili!iiliil:.::i!iliii:: _ _
!!!!1!!!!1!!!!............:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.... ::i::il::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::]i]]l::::!i::]]]::]]::]]::!]i]]::::]!]::!]]]]::....i:%-'_]i]i]]li]]]l]::]]l]]]]l!::]]l]]]i]i::]l]]]!° .,..,._
::::1::::1:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::. !]]! i!]! !iii i]i] !iiil!i!i _ 3
......................................__!!!!!l!!i!l!i!ilill:iiiiliill ':::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: 2:22i.... ,o,,,, ....... o,,ooo,oooo,ooo,, .... , .... , ............
I::_ !!ii i!iil!i!iiiii1!iii ".... , .... ° ........ ,°o°°,°o°, o°°.: °o0°, .... _.... • .... • ...... °-,°0°°, .... ,°o°°, .... • .... o_
................................................... ,n I I _.....................................................%21111111 ,iii 11111::"::::::::'" :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
................. • ............................. _i °'7 .............
!!!!1:!!!1!!!;!!;;l!!!!l!!!!l!!;!l;!!!l!!!!l;!!!l;!!il!!!:,:_!!;!!!!;l!!!!®
]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]i]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]_]]] "
33
I I" I° I" I"
_)
34
iiiilll ill iiii[iiiiliiiiliiiilii]iliiiiIiii!liiiiJ!iiilliii_ii!!]!ilililil".... ! .... _ ..... i.i..l .... I .... I .... i .id.] .... i ........... _i ............
.... l°. • ,. ...... . .............. n-oo. °-o ......... • .... • .... • .... • ......... I .... I ......... I ........ I .... I .... J .....................
..... 1: | .... J .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... _.... ' .... ' .... _.... ............ L'_.... i ......... n .... I .... i .... i .... u .... u.-o,I .... i .... | .... | .... • .... i-.,-
::::1:: : : : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::¶
.... i • , i . • , .... i ,, . ,i .... i .... i .... i .... i .... i .... i .... i , . .,i .... • .... i ....
!!i!li!i _i_!!!il!ii!l!i!]l!!!!l!!!!li!i!!!!!!!i!i!_!!i!!ii!i_!i!!li!i!_!i!io????1777!i???]???l?]??l]i?]l?]]?;?ii?;??]?r]?i?;]]]?;????_]]]]y??i]_]ii]_]]ii"" _....... [)'q _ ................................................ I ..............
e,
................................ I .... I .... ] .... I .... ........ I ...................... : ::: :::: :::: :::: ::::i::::::::_:::: ::: :::::::: ........::i:l::_' :;;_...I ....I....I.... I............. ,.... I:...I ...._....I::::I:::: I:::::::: ::_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ===================================qo
..... :_ _i_ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
........ _ _ i];;i;;];i;;_?113;]1;]_;177;;I?;3]i;??71;?]]1;;]31]]]]1;]_;_];]_.,-,.':'
.....:::::::::__]] ]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]].°
iiiil]iii_,i!iil]iiiliiiiliiiilii!iliii!li!iil]i!i!!iiiliiiilli!iliiiilii]i,, _
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_lii_!l;iiiliiiiliiiilii!il!i{i'iiii'iiiil!i!il!iiiliiiiliiii' o_:::::::::::::::::::::........"_'I ........IIII.................... i.,.. 1 .... l-.,o oo. ............ • ......... ,.o
::::::::: :::: ::::::::: ill::: ::::_::::I::::I:::: ::::I:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ._
]i]]l]]]]]]]]]]]]I]]]]I]_]]]]]]i]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]iiiiliiii iiii iiiil];iil;];;,i_]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]] °i;iii;iii........iiii.....ii;iiiiii;;iii]iiii,.........,......._iiliii]liiiiliiiiliiiiliiiil]iiiliiii .E
iiiil]iiiiiii2111]l]iiil]iiiliiiill]i]liil]lilNliiiiliiiilliiiliiiilil]]
i !i!ilii!!.!!!!i!!!il!!!!l!!!!li!!!lii!ilii!!l!iiili!iiii!N!iiiliiii]iiii
llli 'ii]iliillii]iiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiil ille
35
i!iiil,iiii.iiiiliiiilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilliiiiiiiiii_iii_ iiiliiii_:_111:--:::::_:::::::: ::::::::':::: :::: ::::]::::':. :'.: ::::/!.':: :::: ::: ::::i
; ............ ; .......... : .... ! .... , ....... -...._,,,,,._-. ....... - ............
i!ii ii!i!iiii i i ii iii iiii iiii iii ii!i ii i ! iii! iii :: i ii i iiii! iiii iiii[iiii iiii iiii2iiii iiii iiii[iiii[?i i ?iii iiii ii i2iiii iiii[iiii"o__ii__i!i:.iiiiiiii!_iiii_iiiiiiiiiiii_iiii_i!_i!iiii_iii!.iiiNiiii_iiii___ii_ii___
_?_iiiii_i!.iiii_iiii_i_i.i_ii.iiii_i_ii_i_ii_._i_ii_i_i_ii.iiii[!i!i_i_i._i1ii,iii i:iii!i:i1!!!ii!i!!!i.!!ii_!iiiiiiiili!iili!iii!iil!iiiliiii
;:::: :::::::: :::: :::: ::::::"_i :::: ::::[::::-:::::::: :::: ::::-:::: :::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::j =======================================================
................._ilil iiiii!iiiiiiiiii!iiiilill:_ii,_ii_iiii_:._. :, .iiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiillill'g.igigl!!i!ii!iigiil!ii!!!i!i_!!i!!ii!:!i!!l!!!!li!!i!i!ili!iiliii!®
I
°°°* °°°°I ° ............. _° ° ................ o.o °o ..............
i iiiil!ii!!i_
o 3
I m0
I
0
0
0
r_
36
iiii,_i::ill iiiiliiiiliiiilliiiliiiiliiiiliiilJiiii!iiiitiiiiliiiiliiiiliill _
" 'li!!iil!i!iliii!l!!!!lii!iliilI I I•-I:: ,.. ii iiii iiii iiii iiiiliiiiliiiiliiii _
...... tl!ii!liii!li!i!!iiiilii!il!!iiliii!lii!!li!!iliii!li!iil!!iiliii!,....................
;° i
_iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiii
!!!ili!!,_!i!!l!!i!l!!iil!i!!liiiil!!i!l!ii!l!!iilili!li!!!lili!l!!i!l!!ii_ _
::::::;_"i::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ._
......_! iiiiliiiilii!iliiiilliiilliiilii!ilii!!liii!liiiiliiiilliiiliiii _
_l_ii_iiiil!ii!l!i!iliiiiliiiil!iiiliiiiliiiilii!ili!!iliiiiliiiil!iii::::'::::!:::"............._iiiiliiiiliii!liiiiliiigliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiii'i_iiiil!isi,iiiiis!: lii!iliiiiliiiiligiiliiiiliiiil!iiiliiiiliii!lii!iliiii".... '°°''1 ........
::::,::::::::::::,::::_iiliiiillliiliiiiliiiilliiiliiiiliiiiliiiililliliill..... °°°: ........ ! ...... Xiiiiliiiiii:iiiiiii_ii,!i!:_!iiiiiliiiil!ii?l?iiiliii?lili!lii?il!i!iliiii_
iiiiliii :iiii:iiiiliiiitiiiiliiiitiiiiliiiiliiii iii iii iiii !iii'i iiiiliiii.iiiii!!iliiiiliiiiliiiiliii!liii!liiiiliiiiliiiiN...iiili!iiliiii_!!iil!iii.iiiii!ii!!i!!iliii!l!i!ili!!iliii!iiiiiliiiil!iiili!!ilNiiiiii(_ _.
37
!!!i_!ii!;i!_!;_!!!_!!!i;!i!_;!!!!_!!!i_i!!i_!!!!]!ii!f!I!!!i_!!!!_`!!!_!!i_!!ii_!_!!"J_?il!!i!!!!iiiill!!!!!ii!:?!! I!!!!l!!!!l!!!!"r.............................._1ii )_i............'...............o.................................... •....... I.........I ........................................... 2:22...................... I ............ I ....
• ' _iliiiiliiiiiiiii:_iiliiiiliiiiliiii_iiiiliiiiililiililiiiiiilliiiilliii:ililill) -_........................................... _ ............. _.............. _ '_
!?i!l!!!?i!!i !!!!1!!!!I!!!!!!!il!!i!!!!!!i!!l!!?!._!!!)?i_!!i?_!i!:_!?!?li!!i::::1:::: ::i: ::::1:::: :::: ::::1:::: :::: ::::1::::1::::! _ i!ti :::: :::: ::"l:": _
............................................................ _ ........ i ........
iiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiii!Liiiilii!i!!!iiiiil!!iiliiiili!i!iiiii_il!ii!lii!iiii_iIii!_!_i_i_iiiiIii__;iii
_'_iiii_ iill iiil iiii iiii fill ilii iiii iiii!iiiiiiiil ilil iili iiii "-'o°. • ....... I ........ I .................................
!!! !_ :_ !!!!!!!!!!!i!!!!!!!i!!i!i! !!!!!!!!!i!! !!!!ii!i
!!!!l!i!il!i!i!!i!_ !!!!!!!i!!!!!!!i!i!!i!!i!!!i!!i!i !i!!!!!! =iiiiliiiiliiiiiiii iiii i_ ii!i !iii iiii iiii iiii iiiiii!i iiiiiiiiiiiiliiiililil iili ilii iiii iiii_i ilil iiii iiii iiii iiiiiiill fill =
.... i .... | ....................................
:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::_:::: :::: :::: °, ' ............ ._.
i!iil!!iil!!!!!iii i!i! !ii!_!!!iiiii!ii i!!i iii! ii!! !iii_,i!iii! iii!iiiiliiiiliiii iiii!iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii i_i iiiiiiii '" _iiiiliiiiliiii!i!il ilii iiii iili ilii iiiiiiii iiii iiiiiiii iiiliiiii ilil _iiiiiiiiii!iii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiiiiiil iiii iiilIill iiii o_.... I ................ _, ....... • ............. o.. • .......... o .......
O::::t::::i:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :l::: .:::
.... | .... I ............ °°° ..... • ...... • ......... • .................
iiiiliiii!iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iii! iiii iiii iiii':,ii :iii
................................................. _ ......... _ ,oo N.... , .... io.oo oo.., oo .... oo .................... ooo .......... K
.... , .... • .... o ......... oo ............... • .... , .................... _
.... I .... I" .......... • oooo ..... o,o ...... • ..... ,, ................. 2
iiiiliiiiliiiiiiiii iiii iiii_iiii_iiii.iiii,,iiii,iiii,iiii,iiii,iiii ii_:i,iiii "_
' -:iiiiiiiiiiii!iiii:iiii,iiii:iiii:iiii:iiii:iiii:iiii:iii :.
39
0[:) 0 0 O 0 / 0 0 0
40
iill iili fill fill i_i ilil ililiiiiiiiiliiii iili "!iii !!!! !!!i !!!! _!! i!!_i! !!!! i!!! !!!!!!!! !i!i _
............ • ..... ..._W°o._°
....................... _.! 1:: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: C.__
iiii' iiii _iii!'iiii'_ii_i!_'_i'!iii'iiii'iiii'iiiiiiii " "7
!!! _ !!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!! _!!!! !!!! i!! !!i_ _.,
................:::::::: :::: ::::__ii:!!!i_!!!! !!!i !i!! !!i! !!!i °
.................... o ......... o ................
......................................... o . o; .... _
........................ ° .............. i .... ;°..°
.... , ..... ° ..... ° , • o ° o ° ......... . ........ : ........ _
.................................................. _ _"_
............ o o . ° , .... o ......... . ......... . ......
............. ° .. ,, ...............................
....................... ° .........................
............................ : .................... I
I
........................................ i ........
................... • ° .................. i ........
............................ , ....................
................ _::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: 1::: I
............ I ............................ ; ........
:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :: .......................... I
i ; ; ; _ i _ _ .... _ ..... , .... , .... , ....
................ ! ............ _.......... :: :::: ::::
.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... _t I ! I I I I a I I
_11 _ o .4 o - _
° ° ° ° ° °OD I I I" I"
_0
4!
42
____iiiiIii_i_iiii_iiii_iiiiIiiii_iiii_iiii_i_ii_iiii_iiiiiiiiIiii__iiiiiii_iiii_:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::l- .;::::1:::: :::: .::. ::::...... ::1::::.::::1::::;_;_:iiii:iiii_i_ii,iiii,_iii,iii_::::_::::_::::_::::::_,....,,,,, ......
........................................ _:. ............................ _ ;_ .
o_liiiiliiiil'iiiiiiiii _
liiiiliiiiliiii_ii]iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiiiiiliiiiliiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiliilloo-__[_i__iii_i._ii_i_iii_I_i_ _ _
iiii_....iiiiiiiiliiii_iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiii_iiiiliiiiliiii::iiiiliiii_
43
007Q
000_
.......................... • , • ........ ° .............
• o°o ....... • .................. p o,o ............ 1 ............
_i__ _ :_i_i !_ :::::: ::::::::::_:!!i!!!!l!ii!l!!!i¸ii!l!!!!ii!!!............ I:": :::: :':" ::::1:::: :::: :::[
d .I • • • o)............................ m ................... , ........ • .... |oo,,• , .......................... I .......................... [, ..... .-'.,.o. ....
i!ii_i_!_!_]_!i!]]!!!]!!i]i]lii_]i]iil_ ]_':]]]i!_il]]_]tii]:_]]]]ti_iiti]ii............................ I ........ : . ..I ........... i ,.... I.......
• I i ..... oo o
.... I .... o, ..... • ooo!, ....... .oo,
iiiii!iii iiii !iii iiii iiii iiiili_I:":!:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::
iiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_:::: :::: :::: :::: ...... :!:::: :::: ::::i:::: :::: ::::1
...... ] ................
iiii iiiiiiii iiii iiii i_
.... I .... ' .... " ...... f ......... °°
_ i]i iiii ili]iiiiili]iiliiii_iiliii_liillr........... I:: .......................
."._."_iiiii :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ):::1::::1::::
'i_i:::::::: ]]]]] ]]]]]]]]l]]]]l]]]i]]]]l]]]]l]]]]
@r,J
f_@
0
_,_ ,/ .,I................ i::::....!/_]]]]ii]]]i]]i]]]i]](]]l]]]]l]]]]]]]]l]]i]l]i]]_,,ooo. "" °1 " ..... ° ....................... • .... " ..... °" "_
...........]_! ...._:i]iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_iiiiliiiiliiiiii!ii!iiiliiii_'
.................. ...._]i....i]_i]]]]1]]]]]]]]]]]]]]_i]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]>]]]_]]]]]]_'_...._]]]]]_]]]]]]]]i]]i_]]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]'_°........_] ...._..............]_']]]]]i]]]]]]l]]]]_]]]]]]]]_]]]]_]]]_:::: :::: ........ :::: ©
........ _.. _......................................... ::: ::.- :::: :::: I "_
!_!!!!;!!!l!!!!!!!!/!;!!!!!!!;;!;!l;;!!l!!;I ! "_];:';;_]]];]_]]]]]]]]]1]]]]]_]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]".... I
'
-..:! ............
,4.4
!
>
:: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::::::. :::: :::: :::::::: :::i iiii iiii_:::; ;::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::Z ::::':::: :::: ::::
...... _ ............................ i ......................................
!!!! iii_!!i !!!! !!i! !!iii!!! !!!! !!!! !!i! !ii! ii!! !!!! i!!i !iii !!!! ii!! !!!!1::: :1 ' :1:: :::: :2:: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::22 :::: :2:: ::2:2::1 2::2 :::2
oo , o ,.i .....................
........ _..: ....................... :: ::::lZ :: :: :;:Z :::Z :::: :::Z : ...... : ""::Z: :Zi :ti: :::: ::Z; :::: :::: :::: :;:: ................................. ' ....
:Z::::::_ "'_ ............................................................
.............! _"_]iiiiiiill iii]iii!!!iii!!i!i!!!iiiiiiiiiii iiii iiii i]]iiiii ®::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::F:: :::: :::: ::::!:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::'::::;:::: :::: ::ii
......................... o:_!!_ !!!!_! _i]_!i]]]iii ]iii]i]iii]]iii]i]i]]iiiiiiii]]ii]iii_:::....................:::::::::::::::*_,i _iiiiiii!]iii iii!i]!i]!iiiiiiii!ii!iiiiili _-
1::3
!!iii]iiiiii ii_i..........iii__i_i_i-_i!ii, i!iii!iiiiii iiiii!!iii!iii]iiiii _°i_iiiiiiiii_i i_ii_i_:........:::: /,_ iiiiiiiiiiiii!!i:iiiiiiiiiiiiiii_ ._°
• _ _
:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::::::: :::: :::: :-'X_::: :-'X::::::::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ,,,:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::_._ .._::Z :::: :::: :::: ::::i:::: _
........................:::!:::::::::::: :::: ::::l!!!i!!!!!!!!!!!!_ !! !ii!!i!!!!!!ii!! _ "
................................................. :::: ":::-::::-::::_:::: _ID 0
................................................:_: _iiiiiiii!i '....................... o .... ,oo .........................
..................................................... L o - _ooo
................................. ........ =_i iiiiiiii_i_i_ii__iiiii_iiii]iiili]i]]]i]iliiiiiiiiiiii,::o!!!!!i!® _
45
46
co
,J=
0
0,imO
_)cO
I0
I
£.-,
L_c,_
47
iiiiiiii iiii.iiii.lili.iiii.iiii.iiiiliii_iiiliiiliiiiiJiiiiliiii.iiilJilil"-'
iiii;iiiiii_i_iiiii!_i!i!i!illiiii_i_il_!_ili_l_i_l_iiilii_i;iii_i!i _
i_i!!_i_i!iiiii_i!iii!iiii_,i!_i_iil._ili_lii_il_iil_ii_iiiiliilI °
_;_i_!_i_;_.:.:4i_;_[_:l_l_l_l_:i_l__ _,
iiii.iil;illl]iill]iill;ii_]ilil]illiliilliiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiilllll]ill!liill• ---N _;::/_iii_i_}i_.i_i_i_.ii;_;_i_;i!i_i_i;i_-r
, iiii,!iiiiii:::
iiii!ililJiiiiliil! i_iJ]i_'iiiiliiii iiiiliiii iiiillill "................................-.-.-.'.... ' ....' ........_!!,_!i-.!]!!li!!! i]!il!i!i ii!!l!!i!!!!!!!!!]l!!!!_!!]] !]_!J!!!!l!!i! ii!ililil ii!!l!ili "........................ ,'::': ::::t:::: :::: :::: ::::
i!!!i!!!!l!!!!,!!!!'_iiiil!!!!l!!!] !i!!l!!!! !!!ii!!!]® _°..... | .... • .... • ....
!!!il!!!!,!!!!_!._'.. _;_._jiiiiliiiiliiii i!iil!ii! iiiil!iii ._
iiii]iiii;]i]i:i__iitili]lliiii!i!i ]!ii,i]!! !ii!_i!i] ®'' , ° • | • • • - | .... | ...... , . | ........ | ....
]]]]i!i]]i]il]:_i:,],iiii!iliiiil!!ii i_ii,_iii!iiilii!i _
ii]]l]]iil]]!]l]]_i'_]l]]]ili]]]lii]] ]]]it]]]]]!i]liiii _ _iiiil]i]ilii]]l?i_ ]_]iiiii]]]l]?]] ii!]ii?]i ]]i]liiil _
]i]iiil]]]]]i] 222!.2_k]i]]l?]]ii]iil]??]l]]]???]ii].il] ._]]]iJ]]?]l]]]]_ili];iit,_i]i]i]]_]]i!:i?i!l]]]]_]ii]l!iil• ' ......... I ...... ' .......... _ I_
i]i]lil]]liil]l]]il II]]NIN!IN'fill]]!ilii_:::l.... N°° ........................ _ .... _ ............ i ........°_ !iiiliiiiliiiiliiii iiii.i_,ii,jiii_iii iiiiliiiiiiii_iiii "f "_
_,°o_° !]!i]l]]!!l]!i]l]i!!'!i]!i!_!I_!! !]!!l]]ii !]!]I!!!! _' ]ii]iii!iiiigii]iii!!i!iiiii li _i ii]!l!]ii ii]!lii!i ._
,,, I
ill °I I I IE
49
...........................i ti............i"........................ •::: ::::,: : .:.: • :: :............. _°r ............... °''''| .......... ° .... " ....
................. :::-::::i::::.:;:: ::_ ::;:1::::1::::
!!!! !7i] ti!?i!?!! ?:::1:::'::::1 :::: :::: .x_:l::::I::::
!!!!!!!!! .o:iil _ _"7:iiililJ71i:liiii iiiiliil;_._iilTigillill
_il !!i! i!!!i!!!!liTi! !!]71!i??]i!!!l!il!li!iil!!i! _i
............ :-ooo .... ,°o-, .... • ....... I°°,°| .... • ....
....... _ ............ • ......... | .... )° - ° n • ° • om .... i.° • •
............ ........ • .... i .... | ....... | ° • • ° | • oo,| o ° o •
...... , ..... o ...... , • • • o ......... _. o o_ • ° • o_ • ooo_ o ° o .
................ • ° • • | • • • o .... | ....... | .... • .... _ o ° ° o
]]]i ]]]i !]]] i]]! ]]?]17i]] ]?i]li?]] ,i]il]]]]'7]?]li]]]........ , ............ | ........ | .... _ , o • | ° ° , ..... ! ....
12:: 122:2 :::i :1:: ::1:i::2: 222:1:2:2 222:1::1:2::11":11[
.... : .... I ...... • " ! • ° ° ° I ........ _ .... , • • • • .... • .... o ....
........ , • • • • . ° ° • , o ° • , | . ° ...... | ........ • .... | . °o°_ o o o ,
.......... o°o.o.,,, ...... o ........ , .... ,.ooo. ....
_ . , o ......... . ........... | ........ • .... • .... • ....
................ . . . o | ........ | ........ • .... • .... • ....
............... o..._ ........ | .... ....|...,| .... • ....
................ • "°._ ............ >.-o|o'.o_ .... I ....
iiii if! ii]i iill iiiillil] iiiiliiii I!!iiliiiil]iiilll]i ' _
]]]7 ii]!i ]]]7 ]]]i ]i]]l]]]i 7]i]1]]7] ]]i]l]]]]liiiTi]]]] +...................................................... I.... . ........... o .................. o| • . o o o .oo|o° o °
............. I ........ I ........ J ............ I .........
............ i .... °o°°| ........ | ............ | .... • ....
o . • • ........ _ . • • • oo° ° | • , ...... | ....... • | ° • • ol .... |o ° • •
"" :::: ::::1:::: ::::1:::: ::::1:::: ::::,::::1::::!:::: l°,.°, ........... oo,°| ........ | ............ , .... . ....
]i]!,i]]]_]]]]i]i]i]iT!l]]]].]]]]l]!]]_]]]ili]]]li]]]l]]]]'
iiiiiii i]iiiil;iiiiliii iiTiliiiT!!il!!!!J!!!!,!!!! ,
I1" " ' ' _
5O
]!|!II
...... l iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliii!liiiiiiiilliiliiiiliiii"_
.... m..., .... n .... m .... n ........ • .... "'°''" .... • .... • ........ • ........ ' ........ i ........ a .... m .... m .... m .... m .... .'o'-,.'*-, .... , ........ • .... ,',., ........ a ....... m .... m .... m .... m ........ • .... ,,'-,, .... • ........ • ........ , ........ , ...... a .... u,..,u .... a .... m .... a*,-,m .... ! .... m ........ u-, ...... u ....
.... n ........ u .... i .... m .... i .... m .... n,.--no---! .... u ........ i,.,- ,,,.n ....
.... ! ........ n .... u .... i .... u .... m-..,m.,-.|,,--| .... o .... I .... • ........ , ....
.... i ....... i .... n,,,.m .... u .... n .... n-.--a,.o-n .... ! ........ i .... ,--,I ....
.... n ....... n .... a .... n .... n .... w .... n .... | .... n .... | ........ l .... ,o-,i ....
.... n..*, .... n .... m .... ! .... n .... a .... n,,,.m,o°-| .... n ........ l .... ,,-on ....
...... :_ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::1:::: ::::1:::: 0
.... n ........ u .... n,,--n .... i .... w .... wo,oou°---| .... m ........ n ........ i ....
::::::::i ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::1::::.... i ........ a,,,.uo°.,n .... • .... • .... • .... |o-o.m .... • ......... • .... o,..n ....
........ _! ................................................ I..................
.... n .... p*,-l,,--n .... n .... n,-,,n .... n .... n .... w .... n ........ f ........ n ....
!!!!1!!!: _!il!!?]l!!?il]!!!l!i!!l!?!!l!?!il!i?!l!!!!l!!!! !!?!1!!?!i!!!l!!!!..... :.'l ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::l::::
i;i;:i;::_ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::li::::::
iiiil!iiii_ ;iiiliiiilii::iliiiillii]lii!iliii::liiiilliiil]!!ili::!ii!i]l::ill,,....I........._' ....I....I....I....I....I....I....I........I........I.... _!?????!i ??!?. !?????i??!!i !?!i i!!? i?ii ???i????ii?! i!i! i???!!?!
":::::::'.........:::::::::_lii]ilii!?l]iiil]i]::l!!]]l?]]il!iii..... ::i!]l?i]!]]i::l!::]?_'::i::::iii::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1::::::::i::::::l:::::-::,:.;....::::'::':.........::::'::::'::::'::_..............._'!i::::lii!ilii::ilii::iliii!iii::liii::i!!::l!iii:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ii!ilii!!iiii,iii i:::: °
iii:.!iiiiii::i!iiii!iiii!iii::!iiii!iiii!::i)_::l::iiiliiiiiigillii_iii_l::ii_'..........................................._ i]':?iiiiliilli::':iiI!!_ I !!i! u::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.... | ........ |.,o,|o,,.• .... • .... • .... |,°..|o..o .... , _q P_
::::,:::: ::::, , , , , ,,:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::1::::,_ ::ii ii:i iiii, iiii' _,' m_ _'_
.... J ........ • .... • .... • .... |, o.,|,., ,•,,,.|,,..• .... •,, o_,_ _o,, .° ..........
::::',:::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: % " ............. g ........ |,,,.|°,..m .... • .... • .... |,,,-n,o--, .... n .... _ 0
::!!!l::ii!!!i!l!!!!l!!iil!ii!l!i!!l!!i]l!ii!l!!i!l!]!!l::!ii!i!!_=::-........ ' "_% -.... n ........ |,°,.noo°o• .... • .... • .... |°°°-•,--°m .... • ...... ° ......... _
::::j':::: i::::11:1::::i:1:::::::::::i::::::::::::::::::::: ::::l I:
oo ._II
51
,[ ............... o ............................ Z
"_!! i!!!liii!li!i!li!i!l!!!!l!!!!lii!il!!iil!!!ii!iil!i!!i!i!!ii! _i!i!!!!!_! i!i!,!!!il!!i!l!!!!li!i!l!!iili!!!l!!!i!!iil!!!!i!!!!!!!............. _ .... I:": :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: "::_ "':" ":'"
iiiiiliiiiiiiiii!iiii__[ii!il!iiiliiiiliiiilii.li_iii.i!!!ii_ii!!" _ , ., 'ililfilliiiiiiiillililiiii,iiii.__liii_liiiiliiii.iii_liilli_iiiii
!!i!!!i!i!!!!!!!!!!!!!i!!!!!!i!!!!i?:i)_'2i!!lil!!i!i?l!i!!?!!!i!!i®............................... :::: ..... i::._.'.,_,.
,°° ........................... . ..... I ........ i ..... °°°" ........
:!ii,!!iiiiiiiii?l!ii!liiiili?iilii!iliiiili!!iliiiilii?i_iiiiiiii.iiii'_.............................. • ................. o. .
i °ol ..................... ° ............. o,oo
iiii iiii:iiiiiiii:iiii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiii!i!41111=111i"r........ o
!i?! !!!!,!ii!!iiii!2111!!iili?iilii!iliiiil!iiilillilliii i!iili!. iilliillii.... I........ - .... I ................................ 1....... _r"'I......
iiiiiiii:iiii-lliiliiiiliiiilliiiliiiiliiiiliiiilii?!!!il;iiii!!iii!il}ii!il........ I ........ |oo°°_°°oo| °o-*| °-° o| .... | .... I .... • ....
ii?i iii?,?iii ???i:iii?i?iiiiii??iiiiiiii??iiiiiiiii?iiiii;?i?::iiii iii: iiii _,
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!1!!!!1!!!!1!!!!1!!!!1!!!!i!!!!1!!!!!!!!l!!s_s!!!!!!!l! iiii iiii ii!i !ii!,giiiliiggligg!li!igl!igglig!it!!!!liiigi!!ili!i iigiggi?Jt ii?i?ili?iliiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiilillilliiiliiiiiiiiiiii:,ii_ialtill1]
52,
0
00
_0
",d'
0
I
J
I
I:::10
r_
OQ I I" I" I I
53
.......................................................................]iii........ m .... m .... i.-o-
......... I .... I .... I .,..I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I ....
........................................................................I:-':
........ u .... | .... mo.o ..... • .... • .... • .... i .... • .... i .... i,o-olo.-.m ......
........ I .... I .... i ,-, .... ,m .... ! .... m .... | ........ • .... m ,.o,m .... • .... m...,
....... I .... | .... ] , ,, .l • • -,] .... l .... i .... l .... l .... l .... i • • ,.l • • ,.n .... l...,
....... | .... | .... u .... m .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... • .... • .... ' .... • ........
...............................,..., .... , .... ,...., .... ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::• ....... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... I .... ! .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I ............ , .... , .... _ .... , .... , .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I ............ I .... | .... m--o-m-o'.m .... i .... m .... a .... m .... m .... m ,,,,m,,-,i .... i,o.,
........ .,, I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I ......... I .... I .... I .... i .... I .... I .... I .....
.... _ _ ............ • ................................ 0 ............
.... :_ ...................... i .................................. -o========================================================================
..... <_......................... ' ....................................... L.... I
....... I .... I .... I-.o.I .... I .... I .... I .... i,.-.i .... _ .... i .... i .... • .... • ....
]ii] i; _]:]]]]l]]]?l]ii]li]]il]]ii!ii]]!i]]?l?]]]l]?i]l]]]]li]]]li]]ili]]]l]]]],., I .... r .... i0,*,l.0,°. .... i .... i,°,.i .... • .... i,.°°
?!!!i!?,_:i!i?l??!!lii:.?li!!!l?!?!:!!??li!!!l]]?il!!!?_????li!!!l?i!?l??!!l!!!?1i:": :::: :::: ::::_:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::!:::: :::: :::: :::: :1:1
]\ ]]]]]]]]l]]]]il]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]i]::]]l]]]]i]!]]l]]]]l]]]]li]::]............ i .... i1.,_. • ............... i .......... ,0 ,,0. • ........ ,o,ii!iii!!N!!iii'ii!ilii!iliisilsiiilsii!t!!iiliiiili!iii!iii!iiiili!!ilii!:........ • -°,_ ...... ,,|,°,°| .... | .... i .... |,°°0| .... i0,,0i,°o°| .... • .... i,o..
m o •
:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::*
:::: ::::1::::1::._ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::........ H .... H .... i_ • I • H i I I • K .... H .... H .... i I e * • H .... B. I ! .B o I I t H .... m .... E * el I
........ i .... i i I t a _ I -K .... i .... H .... i .... H i I i • i .... HI .lid t* I_H i l,lil J_wiel.*
i::ili]]ilil]il::iiil] i!]lii:iliil]liiiiiiil]lil]::ll]illl]iili::iil]:]':l]ii!
ii]::iiii iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiil_" :""
ii!i iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiii'iiii
!!!! !!!!!i!!!!!!!!!!!!i!i!!!::: ............ | .... | .... i .... • ............
":::1 "" =========================....
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiii_..0s0°..i .... | .... i0o.,i .............
:_ :::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ::::• ... .......... 0 ......... I .... | ....
.... _i 4 i I .... i I I I i i .... i .... I ........
.... :.'_.. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
"2::1 "" :22:1 ............ ::::1 ....,.... ::::.::::.i::.'_ ::::::::::::::::::::::::I I i .... I I b I I I t ...... I°'''1 .... I .... I ......... I I I I I I I I ............
.... .... I .... i .... I .... I .... .................... _ ......... I .... I ....IIii ...... it 00.. ... ............. I ..... i_ • ...............
"::2i :::i?!! !!!? !!! !!!!'!!!!1!!!! ??!i ??]1!!!?1!!!!
........ i I I . i i ...... I ..... i .... i i i i .... i I I I I i t I i _ ..............
:::: ::. ::::'::::..... !!!!1!!?!17!!!17!!!1!!?!1!?!!1!!??1!!!!'_"!!!!1!!?!....... , ........ , .... _:::: :::: :::: :::: :::. :::: :::: :::.1:.:: .'.:1::::==========================================================::::
,1;:)
,I,=.4
,,i-,I
0,I--4
,,2
: 3
54
q_
C_
C_
cO
C3
I
I
¢DI
cOI
0
OJI
_D
0
55
....................... ............ oo ............
"
.......
................ ! .................................... | .... • ........... 0 ............
!!!!!!!!:!!ii!?!i:i!!!!!!ii!!!!i!!!!i?i!!i,!iiiii!i iii!l:!i_ii?!i?i!!i!!!i?i!!!!!!ii
....................... . .... • ................... 0..., .............. • .... . ........
::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::1::::::: ::: :::: ::: i?iiiii iiii iiii iiii iiiiiii:...................................... oo .... I...
........... .................................................... • ..... ° .....
........................................... i .......... _ ......... o ...... .°o ....
!!iiiii!i i]] i!i!i!ii iiiiiii: ]iii ]!ii iii! iiii iii i!i]ii/ .... ii?i!ii !iii iiii i!!i..................................................... _:. :::::1:: :::: :::: ......... .................................................. .o.
.° ...... °00° • ....... 00..
:i!i :i?::ii! !ii: ii!iii!!ii!!i!i:ii!![i!!:l."i!!i:!ii' i!"i!ii!iii_:iiiiiii!iiiiii!!
.... ................. ::: ::11X:::ZZI_ ......................................::::i:::: "1:: Z:: :::: ... .................. :::: :::. "....................
.... .1:: [:z z:: .... :::: ::: ::::_:: :::::::::z:[:::zl:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: z::::::
I
:::: :::: :1:: :::: :::: _._,: ::1: :::: :::: :::::::::::: ::: ::1:;:1:: ::: :::1 :::: ::::!::::
iiii iiii iii. _iiii iiii iiii iiiiiiiiiiii] iiii iiii i?iiliiiiiiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iii ©............... ° ..... , 0o0 ............................. i ............... 0 ...........
!iii!i !iii!!!ii!i!i.i!!!iii!!iii!iiii!!i.i!iiii!! ii!ii!iii!!!iii!iii! !iii!!i'• "- @ ............. ° ............................ I ....... ' .... " ............
.................................. I ...................
I
o
II I I I I
J
o
c_I
o
U°mll
U
56
cO• . • • i .... n .... u ........ n ........ u .... i .... i ....
.... u • • . • n .... n ........ , ........ , .... , ........
.... i .... i .... i ...... * • m ........ i .... n ........
.... n .... u .... I ........ . ........ m .... | ........
• . • • i • • • • i .... i ........ • ........ • ............
.... i • • • • a .... m ...... • • m ........ n .... m ........
.... m • , • • | .... m .... • ............ . .... | ........
• . • . m • • • • m .... n .... n • • • • m ........ m .... : ........
!i=il?=iil=ii=lii?i]iiil?ii i=)iiiiliii=iiii!!!!lsi!!ii!i!i!!!!-/.:!ii!!!!i!!!!l!!!!i!!!
• • o . u .... | • • .1* i .... • .... m ........ m .... u * • • • ....
.... i • • * • i i * • i* i .... i .... i ........ i .... I ........ *
.... • ....... |. | .... It * • • . | ........ | ........ , ....P'=,,I
............ "/_ ................................. 0• • = • n • • • * . * • -. ..... | * - * • n • * • * .... n .... u .........
.... l .... n • • .i. n .... i .... l ........ l .... l ........
.... l • * • • m * • .m* l .... • * * * * m ............ . ........ C_
• . • • i • • • • i • • .1. i .... i • • • • i • , ...... i .... i ........ I
0 t.__
.... . • ..... • • i .... i • • • • i ........ • .... i ........ _/_
.... I .... I • • ! • I .... I • • . • l ........ I . • • . I ° .......
.... | .... | * • i * : .... i • - • • m ........ m .... m ........
!!!!1!!!........!!!I!!!!1!!!!1!!!!!!!l!!!!l!!!!!!!!_ ,
.................... , * i ° ............... _
' N
°o o . ..... I . . . . i .... i . . • • i , ....... l .... i ........
.... i • • • • t .... n .... n - o • • n • ....... n .... i ........
• • • • | * • • - : .... : .... n • - , • l • ....... | .... n ........
. * • • • • • • : .... | .... • .... : • ....... m .... u ........ (_
,,<,,cD ,,t, C_ Q L'_
I I I" d q,)
::1• _,m,I
57
58
0
lll "_
..................!::::::::::::::::::::::::_:::::::::t ill ...."
...................... " i
................ I::::1:]::1:::: ::::1::::1:::: ::::1::::1::::,:::: :::: ::::
................................ I: . _ ........./ ................ I..."1: ...........
............................................................!!il!i!il!!!!l!!i!l!!!.!!!il!!!!l!!i!l\!!i!!!ii!!!
::::;:::: :::: :::: :::: ;_,:: ::1:1::::1:::: :::: C
"iiiliiii iiii iiii ii!iliii_ ::::l::::l::::l::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ";:::1::::1::::'::; :'::'::'" ::::':t'|:;:::: ::::
::::'::::::::::: :::l:'.:!?i!!!i!i!!i:ii::::I::::r:::il:! :_'::::::::::: ::: :::1::::::::_:1 ....I I:,_:::::::j:::: ::,_::::::::::::::::::: ===================================:: :::: ....
.......... :i ................ _....... I .................. ::::I I I _1......... i ........ _ * ........... ' .................. | .* ....
.......-::..........:ii::::"ili_iili!iili::iili::iili::ii.!_ii,:::-::::liiiili!iili::i:..'iii!i::i_i'iii::lliiili!i::liiii!ii!ii::iil::i:::-Iiii::liiiiili!iii::.... o,, ..... ° .....
°:o
11:" :::" :::: .... I
...... o .......... ,°.1o°-.1o.o•1 ..°-1•..•1,.°• .... i,+.,• .... i ..... ,o. ,,,.
...... ' ......... i o,°°1 .... i•-,olo.°o1,,••1 .... ....i.•.°1....i ..... P°'I °''"
...... • * • ........ ,o.1°.-°1.•,o1...°1oo°,1,. • •o,,1 .... |-...i ..... t'" "'''
..... • • .... °'1 ..... • .... ° °..•1,.°Ol ....... i ........ , ..... °'1 ....
• .................. • .... ,.°.•| .... |°..°• ....... • .... •.•°,• ..... . .....
:::" :::" :::: :::: ;I};:':::::::::::::::::::::: : ::::::::::::::::::: :tl:: :::: L'_:::: :::: :::: :::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : ::::1::::1::::1:::: ::'" ::1:........ ,... o.•. .b..l .... i.,.,1 .... • .... i ....... • .... • .... | ...... • .....
...... ° .............. l.,.°l .,°,1 .°'°l°O,•l,._, ,o•.1 .... I .... I ...... •. .°--
,- ..... • ° •,.. ........ I .... I ..-'1 ,,-,1 .... I ........ I .... I .... I ,'0• ......
...... • ............. • .... • .... , .... ,..... ....... • .... • .... • ...........
..... • •. .... •..o _•.10.-.• 0•.0• ..•.....,• ...... •.•..•,...• ...... I" .... 0
??!"???!!i!? ???!??!l!i!?i????l!?!!l!!?!l!??!!?!l!!??l!???l?!?!!! ! ?!?!............... L...I .... • .... i .... i .... i ....... i.•o.i .... i ...... •_ ....
°.° , .............. °°• .... _ .... • .... • .... • ........ •o•.°• .... • ...... • ....
"" 22:: ::::1:2:" :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: :::.
- ....... _:............... I ........................................ I
i I i , I i I i .... I ........ I i I i I I .... I .... i i _ , I i • i
...... • . • ....... •o•,1oo,°1 .... i .... i .... i ....... i*•.ol .... i ............
:::: :i:: :::: :::::::::::::i:::::::::::::::::: : ::::1::::1::::1:::: :::: ::::
::::iii::::::ilii iii::i::::iliii::l::::i::li::::illliil::::i i::iil::i::::lliiiliii::::::iiLiii::'............... '" ::::::::::::::::::: ::"i ?_iiiiii,?ii?li?ii i?i?!'..?ii:::: :::: :::: ::: .... ....,....,....,...._........ • ° •.°° oo° ° ..... °,i .... •.*°°I-,°°• ...... •• .... • .... | ............
:::: :::: :::: ::: :::'" :::::::::::::::::::::: : ::::1::::_::::1:::: :::: ::::...... • ........... o.I+o°°I +°1 °I ,°1.I,.° ,I .... °o • i .... I ° ° o .I ...... • .....
2 ....... ° ....... io,,. °°° ...... +° .... ° ., ° °° ..................:::: :::: :::: ::_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::; ::::1::::1::::,:::: i!!d...... .. , ...... _1•o° .... o°°• .°.° ........ • °°°, :° ...... ] ...... ° ....
o o. o. o c_ o o.I I
I
0
I
'::)
tJ
P..,
,.I::IL,)
'-al:lo
0,)
C_I
I,,.
p.:
I:I0oital
Cl.,,
59
0
oo0 •
6O
.... i ....
• ° ° . I ....
.... I ....
i
..... ° °.
.... ° . ..
.... ° • ° °
.... , ...
• 0
• o
• 0
°1 °
• .
• °
• °
• o
• •, °
, °
, °
• .
. °
, °
. °
°
°
°
°
°
0
0
I ..... _,, • •
i ..... i. ° °
.... °n° ° •
.... _. • •
!
• ° • • ,i. • •
• ° • . 4°°-
..... _o .
• • •• • • • 4
• ° .... I, •
.... °._°
....... i.
...... • i
.... • ° • 4
° ° ..... ,
°. ° ° . • • •
.... ° • • .
..... °
.... ° . . ,
.... ° ° . ol, • • °. • °
° ° . . . ° , .
• . • ° ° ° , .
.... ° , , .
°. , ° ° ° . ,
0 ° ,. . . , ,
• ° ° • ° , 0 °
°. °. , , ° o
° ° .. ° . ° ,
...... ° ,
...... ° °
• ° °, . ° ° .
..... ° ° °
• ° • . ° ° , 0
...... ° 0
.... ° . . .
.... ° ° ° °
. • • . 0 0 . .
.... ° ° , 0
.... 0 ° , .
.... ° . . .
• ° ......
.... 0 . . 0
.... , . . °
.... , 0 . .
.... 0 . . .
° . ° , ° , . .
.... ° ° . °
°° • .....
.. ° .....
°. ° . ° . . °
° . °. , ° ° ,
, ° • . , , . ,
• 0 ......
.... . ° ° 0°. • ° ° ° . .
• ° ,. , °..
• ° °. ° . . ,
.... ° °. 0
• ° .o .° ° °
o° • . ° ° o .
o. ° 0 ° , , 0
°° °, . 0 , ,
.... °...
• . ° • ° , ° .
.... ° ° ° °
,°, ° • ° • • •
_. 0. ° ° • •
o° ,._. ° ° ° "j
i° ° ° ° ° • °i
,_o °- -...i
@.:: .....° ° • .I
I
_D00
i:• °
• °
• °
p •
• °
• °
• °
• °
, •
, ,
I"°
°
°
°
.
0d
.... . . . 0
° . . , ,° ° ,
.... . . . 0
° . ......
....... 0
°,., °,,,
• ...... °
• °,_ 0..°
° ° .... ° 0
• ° ..... °
• °°, .00,
• ° ......
°.,, °,°.
.... °..,
.... °0,,
• • • o . , , °
.... ° o 00
• ° • • °, . .
....... °
...... °°
• ° 0 . ,° 0 .
• ° ° .....
.... 00 . .
.... 00..
.... °° . .
.... °o , °
, ° • , ....
...... 0
....... I0
...... _°
,°,, 0,.°
,. • • •
::: $::
00
I
........ ° .....
) .............
• ° ...........
¢ ::ii !iii ii?i° • ° ....... °,
I: ::2Z :::: :'':
, ° . • . .......
• .. ° • ° .... °°,
.... . , ° .....
• ..... ° ......
° ............
............. i
• ..... ... ,.. °
i
.... I ........
I
0 0
I I
0
0
I
I
I=0
u
I
61
.... | .... i .... ! ........ : .... | .... : .... • .... | ....
.... m .... m .... m ........ m .... n .... # .... • ........
.... | .... m ....... o| .... | .... , ........ • .... n ....
.... | .... | .... l • • • " .... | .... | .... | .... • .... m ....
.,..| .... • ....... .i .... | .... a .... | .... • .... | ....
]!!!l!!!il!i!!li!i!liii]l!i!!iii!iliiiil!il./::::iiiilii!il!iiil!i!!l?ii!li!i?l!i!i:i!!ii!!i\_il °.... I .... i .... t+,.ll .... • .... • .... i .... • ....
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_,.... | .... | .... | .... | .... | .... | .... i .... • .... | ....
.... |....| .... m .... | .... m .... | .... | .... • .... |.,._o
!ii]l!!! _!!iili!_&_,!!i i!!!!lll!?llg!i, d
!!!il]!__t+_i!l!i!!_g!!ilil!!l!i!!lii!!l!g]! ®iiiii_iili]!il!i?ii?]iili??iliii I??]?liiiilii?i ++iiiili!_]Jiiiiliii]liiilliiiiliiiilii]ili+!!ili!]i _iiiilii_liiiiiiiiili!iiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiii + _iiii iiiili!iil!iiiii!i iii! iiii ili+liiiiliiii ° _
iiii[IIIIii!i[iiiiiiii iiii iiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii _ __
i!,i!Iii!i ii}iii!iiiii!!i)l}iiil!i!i!iiii,,' +i
.... m • • • • i • • + .m +, + + m .... i ........ , • - • • - .... • ........ • . ° ° ° | • . • • ° ° • ° • ........ • .... i .... • .... • 0 ° • •
iiiiliiiiliiii_ililliiliiiiiliiiiiiiiiliiiiliiii
iiiili!iiI!i!il iiiiI!iiiliiii]iiiiliiiilii!!°pmml
r,,p
+,,,1,4
o o o o c_ oo o o o o.I I i i c_O
62
,q,00
........ ° . . °
........ ° ° ° °
....... • ....
.... ° ° • •
.... ° • ° •
.... ° • • •
• ° ° . ° o ° .
.... . o • °
.... ° o • •
....... °
.... . o • •
...... • •
, .... ° • •
• • ° °
• .... ° • •
o ° ° o
..... o • •
, ° ° o
..... o ° °
• ° ° .
• • ° o
• ° • ,
• ° . °
• ° • •
• ° ° °
• . • °
• ° ° ,
• ° . ,
• ° ° •
• • . °
• . ° .
0
• ° o •
0C)
63
• . ° °
00
• ° ° °
• • . o
• ° • °
• • • °
• ° ° .
V'4
CP
aD
qD
C)c:;
C_
C_I
I
qDI
cOI
c_
0• al, IO
cOk,
o_nm
0
I
0° _,.ll
.o.,)U
J
._,.I
r.lr.
:::: :::: ::::I:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
i!!!ii!iii!iliii!ii!!ii!ii_ii!illi!i,ili!l!iiili!i!_iiiii_i!ili!i!ii,_[!!i!!ilii!i!!!!!!i!!li!!i!!iilii!i,iiiilili'!i!!l!i!i!ii_i,iii!,:i!i!ii!i!!i :::::::_"
i!!!i!!!!!i!lli!!!!i!l!!!il!!!!li!!!!i!!!?!!it_!!i!li!i!li!!?l!!!!ii!l=
_ii?_ii_?_ii_i?i_i_;?_i_i_?_ii_!_?_ii_iii_iii_i_iiii_J
•............ ,...: _::::iii:....-_::_.Tiiiiiiiiliiiiliiiil!iillliiiliiii;;ii!i!ii,iiii="
iiiii!iiliiiiliiii!ii!liiii_iiiliiiil!iiiliiiiliiiiliiiili!iilii!iiiii!iiii.iiii _.Iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_i_iilii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiii) "............................... :..................... :: : :1::: :::: "'::
_:_l:_:_:_l_l_l_l_l_ii_l_l__l_i_iiiii!iiiiiiiilii_filiiiiliiiili!iili!iiliiiilliiiliiili!i_ii•.iiiiiiiiiiii!iiii ..o..............,-Z.:....I....I....I....,..........._......,/_...._........_........° °..... I ............................ _............................ _ _
.... . ............. i o, ....................... ,. o°oo °ooo °°._..... :1"" _....... l .... i .... i .... ...... i .... i .... i ..... _........ i ........ i ........
:::: =====================================================================::::I:::: :::: _'_
!_i!_ii!_,iiiiiiiiliiilIiiilliiilIiiiiliiiiiiii._:::::'::::.......:........ '.... "......... :1........ _
.°o° o.o. ° ..................................... • ,o°oi| .... °°oo_Ii' ........I....I....i....I....I....I/:1....I....i....I................
"_i'" iiii_i!i!iiiiiiiiiiliiiiliiiiiiiiiliiiiliii_._iilliiliiiiliiii,iiiiii_iiiilUill"_ "_..__!_!___._!___i _ _::::_::::_::::ii1::i::::::iiil::iiilff:ii::::_,i_i::ii,iii::llilili::iiliiiilii::iiiiiliiii_iiii
111 ' •
0 ,,-, C_1 CO
lid
64
I .......... o ................ . ...........::I::::::::I::::I::::....I....I....I....I........l....I........l....I....I..,
:::: ":: :::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::
:::: ::. :::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ......... l:::: "':l:::: ::::1::::1::::1::::............... m-.,-m.--,m .... | ......... l .... '' ....... m .... a ........ • .... m .... m ....
c I............................... :_ ................... I .......................
....:::...._:!i!!!!!!l!!!ilii!i_!!!ili!!!li!!![!i!il!!i!i!!i'!i!!r!!!!_!!!!_!i!!_!!i!,!!!:_ii?i!!??l??5?l!?5?l!!!!l!!!!lii!!l!!!!l!!!!i!!!!:!!!![!!!ii!!!'i!?:'!!i!l?!!?
I)_iiiiiilliiilillilliiilliiiliiiiliiiil!iiiiiii,iiii:iiiiiiii,iiiiliiiijiii:.I
......::...!.tiiiiiilgggiliiiiiiiiiliiiiligiililliliilliilg_iligiiilliiiillililliiililll
......... _.1................................. ?i?i' I I .... I........ i ..............:::: :: : :::: ::::I::::I !I ........ _.... l .... 1....:::: :::: ::::i::::l::::l:::: :::: ::::Y:::: :::: ::::...... (_ L.............. : .......................
"':: .... .---::::L:::'_i!
:i...._:: ii:X....':1 "" .... 6:::...... ° ....
i............ _::
iiiiiiiiiiil_ ,::iiiii::iiiiiiiiii_
................ [ ....
!]!!l]]!]l!!]]iii!il]]i!ll]!!l]]!il!]i]!!!]ll]i]ll]]!ii!!l]]]]l]i!]l]!!]........ • ooool ooo, .... • ....... ooo • ..... oo oo ....
.... i......................................... :: ::::
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::I::::I:::: ::::I::::I::::I::::.... :::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::I::::I:::: ::::I::::I::::I::::
iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiii iiiiliiiiliiii iiiiliiiiliiiiiiiii
":1"::'i':"1":'1 .... ......... I ......................============================ ::::l:::: :::: :::: ::::
[ooo-. .... w,,-om .... mo ....... • .... io ........ oo., .... l :'°
k:::_iiilLil]iliil]liiiiiiiiilgiiliilliiilgiiiliiii2111iNil Niiiilii!iliiiiiiii'iiiiJii!!iii!_iiii_iiii_iii_
!iiiiiiiiiiil]iil]iiil!ii!lliiiliiiiliiii_i:N]]]iliiil]ililiiiill]iiliill',_0_," :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::_:::: :::: :::: ::._!!-X ;'"' ...................:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_:::::::::::::::::::::::::::,........ ....
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_ ]]]]_]iii]!i]• ..... * ..... °oo,1 .... e .... 1 .... _o°ool .... Io-ool .... I
:::: :::: :::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ........................................................,...._:_ i_ iiiiliiii...... • ......... | .... | .... • .... •,°o.mooooº-,oo|o .......... _1_" ...........
ii::::ill::iiiiiiiil]i::::liil]l::i]il::iiili::iil]illiiiiii::i_i::::],::i]i_ iiiiliill
0
d
u
65
66
iIzl
ooII all ._
6'7
_22
I I I
o o o o o d
I
o=
68
............................. Ill iiii iiiiliiiiliiiiliill ".... | .... m • • o. .... i .... i ....
.... m .... m..,,l ........ • ....
.... u .... #,.oom ........ • ....
..... ::::'::::':::: ::::':::: I::: :::: :::::::::::::::::::
!!!!l!!!!l!!!ili!!!l!!!!l!!!i !J! !i!i !!iil!!i!l!ii!l!!i! "i!!il!!!!_!!i!.!!!!,!ii!_!_:,_ oiiiiliiiillililiiii_i__ "iiiiiiiiiiiiii_iill___i iiii iiillliilliiilliill.....: ............ _ .... ::_
!i!!!!!i!!!!i!!!!!ii!!!ii!!!! ::_,!_!!!l!!i!li!!!l!i!i
................................ !111iiiiliiiiliiiltiilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iii!iiii!_::: _ii_'&iii iiiilii!!lii!!l!i!i
iiiil!iiilli!illiii!!iiilii_iii _i_ililii!iliiiil!iil o ._.... • .... | . o o., o . o, | • . o . • .... o . . '_ : ..... • .... • .... | ....
!!!!l!!!!l!!!!l!i!!l!!!!l!!i! '!!!t "_!!!.!!!!1!!!!1!!!! ,_
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiii! 1 "" _" i\iiliiiil!iiiliiii _ ._.... |o °o. | o° oo=oo.o| oooo. ........ _ .
iiii:iiii!iiii!iiii!iiii!iiii ':... ...._:....!_i......!!!!l!!!!l!!!!..... _.... !!!!1!!!!1!!!!1!!!!1!!!! !!! !]!! !!!!l!!!!l!i!!l!!!! "_
.... |o°o-|--oo|o.oo|oooo|.o°o _ .... _ ..... °|o-o.,-o.o|-.o- '_ ,m_, _'_ _ _ i_ _ i_ _ _ _'_ _'-"'° ........ I....I....I....I.... ......I...... I........ I.... '
_,.._,. iiiiliiiili!!!li!!ilii!!li!i! :!!!!!(iiiiiliii!l!!i!liiii T ._
_ . '_"
0 I:11_1
69
_[_ _: _[: :_:_ _[ ::[i :[_ Z:_[ ::i: [::[i:_:: [:[[ I :::[ i:_: q'_
i_ [::: :[i: i[[[ :::_ :::_ :[:_ :Z[_ [:i: :_:[i_::: _:[i I[i:: _:_:I ! _i I ...I .... I .... ! .... ! .... ! .... I .... I .... j .... ; ....
................ .oo • ........................... J ........
!iii iiii ii_ :]!i_i::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::_,:':: ::::.......... ::1: 1::: :::11:1::i:1:: :1:2_:::: 1: ........... i .... _....... 0 0o
....... . o0........... , ..................... _ ....................... °
.......... p .............................................
.......... ! ..... • .......................................
........ _ ......... : :::: :::Z ::: :::: :::: :::: _ :::: ::::
!!!! !!!i _ :::: :::: ::::_:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :_::: ::::• , ....... o ..... o,_., ....
........ ::1: "_:: :::: .::1 : ....... :::1:1:1 .:.; ...... i'_:::: ............................ i ................... .-....i !!!! ...... ..................................
iiiii!iiiiii,)illiiii iliiilii iilliiii'iiil!iil!iii:_i i!ii ®........................................... 0o, ........
............... 00.. • ......... • ................ • 0°°i ....
............................ , ......................... ooo
iiii iiii iii=i ?iii iiii iiii iiiiiiii iiii i?ii iiii iiii i?ii iiii............ i ............................................
............. i .......................................... °'°
°0.0 ........ _ ...... 0 ............. , ........................
....... 0 ,0 _ ........ ,, ......... 0 .......................N;
iiii iii]_iiii]iii!iii_iiiiiiii iiii'iii]iiii iiii iiii iii iiii....... ° 00 • ..... • .................. i ............. • .....
I.......... I,° °oo. °0 .... • ................. I ................
....... ° 0. ,° ioo°° • ....... 00,0 ...........................I
°] ,o0 .... • ................ • ........... 0,,
...... oo ,o ,o o,oo ,,o. oooo • ....... • .................... ,,,
...... ,, ,o_, oooo o,o, -o-ol ................. • .... • oo, o-,o........................ i: .......................... I
...... 00 0,,o .0.0 .,°0 0°., 00 .................. ° .... ° .....
.......... _° °0,0 0,0° °oo0 • ..............................
_ .... 0°0.... I°0,0 ,0 ,0 ooo° 00.° • ...........................
........... ,0 o°°, 0,0° 000 ...... , ............... ° ..... ,..°
.... .,°°_ ,.,,o 0°o. 0 ................................... 0o0
.......... ,° °° ............................... 0 ......... _
I.......... _0 .... • ..... , ............................. 00,
....... 0 00 ,° ,o.0 o00 ..... • ..... 0 ............. °00. _..0 0o0,
.,°_ ...... _ .... 0 , ......... 0., ............................
iiil iill i)i iili iiil ililfilliili iiiii i iill iiiiilil ilil ®I
e,iI
o
C¢1
o _
i'i e
7O
71
..................... == J _:'" ::':: ............................
........ I:;" :=i ::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: [::: ::::
"_: ::::L::': =======i===============:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ::::
_.. ...... _ ........ I:::: :::: :::: ;:::i::"l'": :::: :::: ":: ..... ] "'"
:iil]iliiiliiliiiiiiliiii_iiii]liii_iiii!iiiiliiiiliiiilli]i
!!!iiiii!i!!!!!!!!!ii!}i!!il!i!!l_!!!!i!l!i!!!i!!!li!!!li!!!,iii!Li!iie
i_iiiiiiiiili_iiiiii!ilil!!iil!!iilliiiliiiiiiiiili_iiiNiiiil!iiiiiiiiii!!i_iiiiiiiii;iiiiiiiil;iiiiliiiilliiiliiiiliiiiiiiiil!!ilJi!iiNil!ii!ii!iiii!il-=
!III]IIII]IIII]IIII]IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII]IIIIilIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIII!IIIII";2==-:11:'_::='2==:-=:;1 :==: 1:=1 _:== :::: :::= :::: =::[ 1::: := :=::::}::::
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::]]]]]]]]]]]]i]]]]:]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]_]]]]i]]]]"_]]]]]]]]]]]]]_]]]]]]]]]l]]]][]]]_l]]]]l]]]]]]]]][]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]i_]]]]i]]]]
iiiiiiii211iiiiiiiiiilliiiliiiiliiiiliiiiiiiiiliiiilliiiliiiiliiii2!iiiill_ _
a3 i_
"/2
iiiiliiiiiiiiiliiii............... ,............ :": :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::i:::'
............................................................................!_...._!!!!l!!!!l!]i]l!i!!!!!*o.,l .... l .... I .... I .... Io...| .... l,,..| .... l'''" .*..i o,..i..o. .... ao*-.l ....
.... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' ........ ' .... ' .... '.... ' .... ' ........ '.... _t::: ::::'::::1::::1:::: ::::i
.... l...-I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... i .... I''''f'''" "'''f''''l'''" .... l .... ' ............
.... . .... a .... . .... m .... | .... . .... | ........ i,,o. ,,o.....o|o.oo I ............................ , ................
.... . .... . .... |o ........... I .... , ........ I.., ..... S,-ooI---, .... S .... S., ........ _ ........ I .... • ............
....................................................................._ ]]]]]]]]l]]]]l]]]]i]]]]]]].... m .... l .... l .... | .... | .... | .... l .... m .... h°,., ,°°-m .... |°-,° .... n .... l ......... i
.........::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ::::1::::1:::: ::::1:::3:::: ....I !
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::,::1:,:::: ::::,::2:,:::: :::: :::; 21::12::1::::12::::::: _
........ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::i :::: :::: ::::J:::: :2: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::2 ;:" .t:::: :::: :::: ::::1:::: :::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::-.::::,-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"]iii'?!?il]i!]l]i!]l!!!!lii?]l?]iil::i!?,]!]i!]]!!?!]?ii!]!i!]]!!i!_]2....'.................. ®i!i! ...................... i ........ m .... l .... | .... p ....
.... | ........ | .... m .... l .... i ....
.... I ........ w .... m .... m ........
..........................................'.............................." '_!iiiiiiiliiiilii!iliiiiiiii
.... I ............ t.... [........ I .... I ........ _.... I .... I ........ I .... I ........ _'"[ .... -.... t.... I .... t.... . ....
..... ........,....i.........,....,.........-....,....,.........,....,...._'iiiii!!!ii!i!iiiiii!!iiJi!!i'"'" ' '::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.... • .... • .... • .... • .... • .... • .... • .... • .... • ........ |,,,,|.o.o o,-oloo ..... "1 l
iii!i!!]iEiiii!iii!iii!iiii]iiii]i]!ii!!!iEiiiii!iiEii!ii]....tlii]i,i]i!lE ii!iliii]liiiilEiiii.... • .... • .... • .... • ........ I .... • .... .0oo, oo0, 0°0,m,ooom,o0,[o°,, .o_ .... • ..... o ......... I .... • .... I°-.. _,.,
.... i .... i .... i .... i .... i .... i .... i.w.olml41i411, @l..i .... el@el .4,, _ ..... *...gl...l ........ n .... i.ww,g .... i.ml _
........I I .... i .... I .... I .... I .... i .... I .... I .....................................................I I ..., i t i f ! I ........I i
:::::::::::::ii:::::::::::!:::::::::::::::::::::n::'::::l::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::-I:-:-_,-:::::-:1:::G::I::::::::-I:-I:::1::-:::!!!!:!!!!!!!!!!ii!!!!!!!iE!E!!!!!!i!!!.:::: _!!!! !!!!l!!!!l!!!!!!!!I!!!!IE!EIEIEI!!!!!!!!°.°ono,o°,..o.0,°,o, .... ,0°,°, .... • .... • ..... ... ,0_ o0oolo ....... • .... • ........ n .... n ........ g .... | .... m ........
.... • .... • .... i,o-o| .... • .... °.-., °°oo,o°.0, ..... _ ..... , -°°° .... |o. .......... |o-,om ........ | ---,w .... I ........
.................................... I ....... I .... I.................................... I ............::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_ ::::::::,::::::::1::::1::::::::1::::1::::::::1::::::::1::::::::U ..... • ............ • ........................::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Z:::: ::::i::::1::::::::1::::1::::::::l::::J::::::::l::::l::::J::::::::
........ ,,,,,, .... • .... • ........ | ,-*,wo-- ,1o-, ...... o .... |o-,o .... l,,,.l ........ i-,,,i ........ w .... u .... l ........
i]]]']]]]l]]]]l]i]]l]]]]l]]]]]__].]]]]]iiiii]]]l]]]]l]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]il]]]]l]]]]i]]]li]]]l]i]]l]i]]]]]]._i_ii_iiii_iiiiii............................._,_EiEiE"..................]i::::iiii[iiiiiii]]iiiliii::,iiiiliiiiiiiliiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiiiii'
::il]:il]::i:-]!:::-i'_igi':lii:-:.l]i:-]]]i]:::::-i!'il]],i::::]iil].::iiill]]il]iiii]::]ilil]]l::il]ii]iiiiiii]]iiiii]]iiii,,:22::::1 ::::i::" 2::1:::: :::: :2: :::: :::: :::: :2: :::: ::12_:::21::':2::: :::: 2::222222:2::2:22::2:222::I:G::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::'.............. _ ....... i-°o°| .... • .... io0•°1 .... °.o,| .... io-°01 .... • .... • .... ,-.o|°-.-| ..... * ...... • •°o°m .... i°o•°
........!7.'!???l????l?!!!l???!l!??!!!!?!!???:!!!!177771!?!??!?!1!!!?17!?!!??!1!!?!?!!!:?!?]E!E!E??:!?!!
......... _ ....... • .... i,.,o| .... • .... • .... • .... o,..1 .... |, ....... • .... • ........ i .... • ......... • .... • ..... • ...... |
....!_ !!!!I!!]!I!]]]IEI!]]]!]!!IEI!!]!!!!!1!!!!1!!!!!!!]]!!!IEEI!!]!_E!!]!E!H!!]!I!!]!
.... _: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::1:::2:::: ::::1::::1:::: ::::1::::1:::: ::::1::::1::::1:::: ::::
:::! :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::1::::1:::: ::::1::::1:::: ::::'::::1:::: ::::1::::1::::1:::: ::::'
I I I I I I I
I
J
[0
O'3I
73
..................................... I ....
............. o ...................... ! ....
.................... ! ................ | ....
........... • ...... o ................. | • • • •
.................................... ! ....
.................... ! ........... • .... I ....
f
!!i!ii!!_,!!!! !i!! !!!!l!!!! !!!! !!i!1!!!ilii!!
iill ililL_ iii! iii!liiiiilii i!iiiii!iiiiil
• @............... i .... io ........... o,ool .... _
.... i .... I ........ _ .... | ............ i .... | ....
I
i i J i m _
_iii_i _i
@
• L |
iiiii!iiii!!!i!ii ii]iiiiiiiiiii!iii!iliii,• , , -, i....... °°°°°°°° ..... • ............ °'°'_ .... I_
....... • • • • • i - • • • • - ° • i ............ • • • • i .... I0I c_
_o
_o
74
........i.....................I................Iiiiii ....'...../::':::::: :::: :::: :::: ::::'::::'iiiiliiii iiii iiii iiii i!ii iiiili::: i!ii'!iii :::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::........I....I........I....I....Z ....I....I:::-I::::]i!!li!!!l!i!!l!!i::ll]!!!]!!!l!!!!li!!::l!!iilii::!!::!!lili::l!_!!!ili!i!l!i!il!!!!li!i!"=::::::: :::: :::: ::::1=:::1::::,,:::: :::: :::: :::: ::::L:: !iiilii!iliiiiliiiili!ii::::1::::1--:::::::::::::::::::::::::::1::::1:--:-:::1-::_-,::::........................
0
!ii!liii!li!i!liii!lii!!lii!il!!!iliiiiliii!li!i!iiiil!i:_lii!!liii!liiiiliii!lii!!li!ii".... I. o ,ol l.e* I • ._,1 .... D, o,ol ool I I Iil ,i. o.,l* ....... I "_ .... l eo*.l .... I .... l .... l ....
.... • .... • .... .°,,,..,,°1 .... |°-,.|'o'o|'-''|° ....... |°,1 ", .... • .... • .... I ...........
iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiiiiilii:_liiiiliiiilliiiliiiiliiiiliiii
.... i .... I .... i .... i .... I .... i''''l .... i''''i''" ..... a .... n .... I .... i .... _ .... • ....
.... I .... I .... I .... I .... : ............. • .... • .... I ..-.l .... i .... • .... i .... %_ .....
]]]]1]]!]1]]]]1]]]]1]][]1]]]]!]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]!]1]]]]1]]]]1]]_]]]]:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::1:::::::::1::::1::::' [_..::::::i::::.... I .... I .... ! .... | .... |o,-*I''OO|'OOOI .... I ........ Io.o,I .... Io.*oi ....
.... • .... • .... i .... !,oo,I .... I .... I*oo,1.,,11, .... ,-,lomo.l .... I .... I • ,j_l_ ............
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :_:::;::::1:::: _.,f_..':l::::l::::l:::."::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::1::::1:::: ................
I ................................... " "°" ...... °"l''",_1_1_1_1_1_1_1_1_1__1_:0_ _liiiiliiiilli!iliiii:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
• ,°1 .... | .... I .... l .... I .... |o,o, *o*o *o,. ,,., o4_ .•_l,,,, ... ....... ,,. ,o=. =°.°
I .... I ................... _........................ _".............................. , ....
iii!l]ii]l!iiiliiiil!!iil!iiil!]]iliiiil!ii]l_ ]ii°']]]]i]!i] ,..'""'""...'"'""".; ........
...................................... _ .... :.. I I I I
:::: :::: :::: :::: ::::!::::1::::_: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ::::!:::-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::._.....-,.....-..::-::..:......--.I-..-I.-::1:::-...._,": ........ : ":::1":"1:"" ".'::: ::'" :::: "::" ": ........ :" "': .... : ............ii:iliiiiliii:li.--i--i::::::::::::::::::::::i:iiliiiilii:ilii:iliii:li!iiliiiiliiii':::: :::: :::: ::::1:::" _::: :::: ::::r:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::, ::::
iiii"iiiilliiil_iii_lliiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliilliiiilgiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliii_liiil,'I _ ° o_o, ..... , ....................... o .... o .................
::i?i._i:lli?i_i::ii.ilili::iili:iil:ililliiili:iliiiilliiiisiiii]]iilili]_i?ili_iiil]ill
I I° I' I
I
J
@r_
o'JI
.,e.p
0
o_mll
d_o
-_.'=t
_D
E
75
........... °..i ........................ j | _., ,i ....................
]]!!i!!i !]!!]!]_!!!ii!!]]]!!i!!i !!]ili!!!l!!!]l_ii!i!!!!!!!!!il!!!]if!!!!i!_!i!_!ii]!!,!i]]!!i!!]!!_iili!!ili!!iii_.i!! i]]]]!i!l!!]]"............ ]° ...... I "°'" • ...... _ ................ °°I
............ _"-.ii iiii!iiiiii.__i _ii_l_i_lii-__i, iiii ii_ili_i"
.... :": :Z:: '::" :::: ."::_'::Z ::'.,: :::: Z::: ZZ:" ::Z Z::: ::'Z :::" ":::
- ............ f.... :"" :::" "::" :::'. ::'.1111_:-": ........................i!!_!!!_!_:!!!!:!i!:::!:::i::_::::_:ii:_!i!!_!i!!Ii!_!!!:i_!li!!!
:::: :::: ::_i :::: ::::':::: :::: ::a: ::::I:::: ::::I:::: ___:::::: ::::I':"_...".... i...',...: ........ :.... :..:.: ....,........ i....:.... ,....... I:.:: ©....................................i....1....i....._i..........'............... ..oo ,o°o _oo° • ......... • ............. ,o, .,o °.o. o,oo
.......... _ _,_ ................... ; ................ ]" i ....... ' ....
....! .......... ................:::: ::::1 ,:::: :::: ::::i:::'"'" !il!I::; ii ii !!ii ii ii:i !iii i!!iliii!, Iiiii iiii ii i iiii iiii iiiiliiii iii'iliiii!iiii!iiii!iiii iiii iiii iiii!iiii "* I_
............... . *.-o °-o. *,oo *o- ooo._ .... i .... _*.oo oo.. **oo,ooo*_oo.o
oo.o o.o°|o.,.
• " ...... _ _........................................ I":::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::, :::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::1::::',:::: '_
_ _i i " 'i ii!i'i![i !iii i!ii !i!! i!ii !iii i!i!l!ii!lii!! i!:i iiii"" i:• " _
....... _ ..................... _ .................................. _ ._I.,,
:::: :::: ::,: :::: ::.:,:::: :::: :::, :::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ::::_:::: ._
•...................................I....I....I................- ........... _........ I.... i ................................... _::: :: ::f:i:::: ::::_:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: i,::: ::::1:::: :::: :::: :::ii! '' !__.!!!!_i!ii!!!!i i!i! !!!i ,i!!ilii!il!i!il!!!!_!!ii_:i!i !!!if!!!! _
i
......... ::1.::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::,::::I::::1:::: :::: :::: ::::f:::: "_
.... ..,.I o._o o,,, o.,o .o-, • ....... I-.-o ..,o ......... *oo| ....:::. :: ......................... I ..... ....I .................... ,_,
"'" iii:,iiii iiii iii: iii!liiii!iii iiiiliiiiliiiiliiii iiii iiii iiii!iii: _."........ ]; ..................... _ ....................................
:::: ::::i::::: :::: :::: ::::1 ::::I:::; ::::1::::,::::1:::: :::', :::: ::::I:::: _ I................................................................. I "_................................... _.... _.... _............... t ....:::: :::: ::::::: :::: :::: ::::i:::t: ::::1::::1::::1:::: :::i :::: ::::1::::
, _
o o o. o o o. _.I I I I
76
i_il!_iiiti!iilii::i::::!:::::::::J::ii]i'i]iil]]i]l]ilill]i]li]t....,....t:..,....I....I....,....I....t....I....I....I....!..,.i...._: ::
• "j .... ' ....... l"" ::::':::: ":::'::::_ "" +,_ 0
." ..... : ;:;:I:::: :::: :::..+""_.'" "::: ::::I;:::I::;: :;::':... " ...........
......... :"m-: ..................... "_).................. _.... ."_1_:::::.........,................................,........,...........,_....i i _]i iiii,liii]liiiitiiiil]iii :iiiliii_ti]iili]iiliii]i]]iil]i
........ 1liii{I.i!iil!ii!lii!i'.!!ii ii!.iii!!i!i!li!!il!iiil::::':::_ " ©!???lii!i,?!!?j........ /....J........ , .......... i....' ....':::: :::-',i ":
!i!!iiiii_i!!!i!l!!i!l::!::!l!!::!l!!::::_ ....!!::!l{!i!li!i!l!i!:-I!!::!_
::::l:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :,::
::::1:::_ :::::::::::::::::::::::: .++_.. "7•::: :::: :::: ::::':::: ::::':::: :.:: .; .......... _............ _.......:...I ........ I........ I........ I.:.. : ::1::::1::::::::1::::1:::: :::: • :: "oo.,_ ........ |,,,,.o.+, ,o,..o.. ,,,, _.o ,...|..,ol .... |oooo| .... • .......
.... • ........ • .... • .... .-,--1 ,o,° " • ......
::::1:::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::,:::: • :: +._.................................... <_. .............................. _.::::l:::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: " ::.... : ..... ,-.| .... |,.,,:+..o: .... 1-°o. .... i.,e,: .... ii, oo+11 .... : .... ! ........
.... : + • . .... i + o° ° : • . + °: + e .°i + . °+ : ...... , ,: .... : .... i .... i, o + .: .... : .......
::::'::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : ::::::::::::::::::i::::::::::::: :i"
....... I' ............................................................. ;,¢" 0 ""_
.... I • • *i ..... I .... m .... I .... m ....... - * * • l * I I • n .... I .... I .... I .... I .......::::::::', ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :.::
.... a°oo, ..... :*°o.: .... :,°°,1 .... : ..... ,..! .... : .... : .... i .... i .... ! .... ,,+° • ° '_
iii]l[]ii iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiSliiiiliiii iiiliii]liiiiliii]l]iiiliiiiliiii I::i.... • ........ • .... • .... |°o,o|°oo,| ....... |,o°o| .... • .... • .... • .... | .... _°oo
I.... |,-- _ .... i .... | .... | .... • .... | .... .o,,| .... a.o..| .... • .... | .... | *.*o ....
::::,:5t iiii!iii{!iiii!{i]i!i{{i!i[ii Ii]iliiiil!iiilii]iliiiiliiiiliiii .+i.i
]]]]1]]]t]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]11]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]] _', j _ .._
.................................... t ................ I........... I
.... o_
:2:: :22: ::2: ::22 :::: 1::: :::: ::1: _:::1::::1:::: :::: :::; ::::!:":1::': _ I::::l:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:..:.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.. o.... | ........ | .... |°°°°|°°°°|°°'°1°°°° °°°'|°°°°| .... • .... • .... | .... _ ....... I _
.... i .... I • : l .... l . i . * l • ! • • i • • • 4 l 4 ...... • l .... i , I • . l . . I n l .... l + i t I ........
.... • ........ ao.°°l.oo°|°o°°loo°.l .... o°°o|-°o.• .... • .... • .... • ............
................................ _" ........... I'" ::: ..... 2112'_l_:_g_l_li:_l_ii_li_l_i_il_:_l_]....]i_ ,_cO
_III mm-.'++':+00<> 0 0 _ 0 0 0 0 0
III ' ' " '
77
J_
78
79
........ - . . o
.... ° .......
......... ° ......
....... 0 ........
.......... ° .....
• • ..... 0 .... , ° ° °
............ _ • ° .
.... ° . ° °
• ° ° o
.... ° • 0 °
......... ° . °
.... ° ° ° o
.... • , . ,
....... ° ....
a3 CD _ C_ Oo o o o dO O O C3
O
qD
O
I
I
I
I
=or.p
I
Br,.,,
8o
_!_iii_i!!i_i_!_i_iiii_ii_i_iiii_iiiiii!i_iii_i!iiiiiiiiii_i_i!ii_i!!!iii_iiii_!iii_i__"
....... I .... _'" _........... _............ _.............. :..................................
iiii:::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_:::: :::: i_ r_
.... :::::::::::::::::::,:::::::::: :::: :::: ::::_ (:: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: '::::_::: ::::_::::
:::: .r..::::: :::: :::: ::::I::::_::::_:::::::: :::":::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::i::::i:::: ::::4:::: :::: I:::.,..==========================::::=I=:_.=:::::::::::::I:-:-I=::-:=.:=,=I::::::::_ii!_iiii_!::::i_i!iii!i!_iii_i!i_i::::::::r.._..................................................
......... • ........ o° o-°.,.o*.,.-°...oo .:oo_°o.o_ .... n .... _
iili::i!_!i::_::iii_iiii_iiii_::i::i_iii!_i::ii'ii._::ii!iiii_::ii::!i::i!::!I!!!::I::i!ii!i!ii!il!ii!liii::li!!!' _o.._ ..................................... _ I_ '*"iiii":::':iii::iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii !!!i!!!i:!i!!!!!!!i!_!!i!_!!!ii!!!!!!!I:iiili!!!!i!:
o°.. oo.* ..... • ........ o ..°o o .................. (_
,
lll .... ci i" i" i'
8]
.... :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::
_:'i::-_-_::iii::liiiil::iii!ii!::l!!::::l!::::il::ii!::!i::
.ooo
iiii !!i! iiii'ii!: "i!i i_:.................. o .... o o_
!!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! i!!! !!!?
_]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]_]]]_]]i]]i]]i]]:]]]]il]]]l]]]]]]]]
:_:_ °°',......................iiii _'iii]]liiiiliiii i]ii
iiilililiilliiiiiilliiiiiiliiiii._................ •":1 ............ :":::: :::: :::: :::: "":1:::: :::: ::::1::::!
...... ::: :::: ::::!:::: :iii iiiiliiiiiii:: :_ ""_ "'_"'"' ...... ;..... >.............................................. _ @
" .............'..................................,, " ...._...x_'_'""'.................................II....................... ".......... ..................................... ::::1:::.1:::: ::::i::::1:::: ::::_..... r_:_ "_
L',-
........ • .... _.o1-.oo oooo _oo, oooo| ...... _1
............. , .................. | .... | ....
_111 _. _ o © © ,_ _ o _ ,_.4 ,4 " " _ I I"
0130
III b
82
83
i_i_!_!_i_i_i.i_!_!i_!_!!i_!_!__i!_I_!_ _
_i_iii_ii_i_ii_ii_i_ii!iiiiIiiii_i_i_i_i_iiii_iiii_iiii_iiii_iiii_iiii!
................ " .... :"" :_1"::: .... : ............................................
_i_!_i_i_!_!i_i_ii_i_i__i_ii_ii_! __iii_!!ii_ii_i_i_ii_!!i_iii_!!i_ii!!_!i!_i_!iii_!i!i_i_i_i!!i_iii!_i!!!_iiii_i_!!i_!!!!
i!ii_i!ii_i!ii_!iii_!ii!_!ii!_!!!i_i!i!_iiii_iiii_iiii_iiii_ii!!_i!i!_!iii_ii_ii_i_iiii_iiii...ii!i_iii!_!!ii_!!i!_!!ii_i!!!_iiii_iiii_iii!_iiii_iiii_!!ii_iiii_iiii_i!ii_iiii_i!ii_ii!_i_!i!i
_! iiiiiiiii_iiii_iiii_iiii_iii_ii_iiii_iiii_iii_iiii_i_i_i_i_iii_i_iiii_ii_iii_i_i_iiio _
84
85
I
¢:t0
86
2,.,
! I
_D
I
o _
I
r.1.1cO
"CP
87
88
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::.... .,.oo|o,o,|.,oo_.oo.|o,-.m,-.,w.,,oeoooom,-.*| .... . ............
.... • .... .o,o.|oo.o.oo ,..oooo.o,, .. ,oo..o,o,.,..,_oo ,o_ ............
°_ °°°°" ''°'_'' °'| "°°°''°°''''°'" °°'°|'° ....... °°° a
ooo,| .... • .... .oooo_..oo.oo.o. .... .oo,o|oo,..o,o.. .... • ............
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::_ ::::
]]]]l]]]]l]]]]!]]]]']]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]]]]]!]]]]®................ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: :::: I.... • .... • .... io.... | .... | .... •.ooono,°o| o. ,o| oo,o| .... i°,°.n .... • .... | ........ o.oo
.... | .... • .... |o°oo_ .... • .... m ,o, -|°oo,_°°o°| o°o-| .... m ............
iiiiliiiiliiii iiiiiiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiillliilliil iii!iiii ®
89
.... , ........ i .... i •
.... , ........ | ........ a .... ! .... ! .... ! .... | ° ° • ..... | ° • • •
.... I .... ! .... ! ........ | .... i.,,,i .... | .... i-.. ..... | ....
, , . • i .... i .... i .... a .... a .... | .... | .... | .... i • • • ..... i • • • •
• ,,- m .... m .... m • • • ' a .... m .... m .... i • • • • i .... m • • • ..... m ....
• .......... I • • • , I .... I .... | .... I " " ' " I .... l • " " ..... a " • • •
! ..-,m .... m .... n .... ! ,.. • I .... i -,, ..... m...o
]]]]_i].i]]!i]]]il]]]]l]!]]l]]]]l]!]]l]]]]l]]]]]]]]1]]]]"ii!!ll!_ !iiii!!iii!!i!l!!!!l!i!ili!!]i!!!illii!]!!ili!!!o
:iilLiiiii 'ilZiiiiiiliiiill;iil:)iili:?iliiii iiiil:ill"!!i!l!!!!l_!liiiili!i!li!g!lg!!!l!!!!li!!il!!!!!!!!ilg!g®!!!!i!_,i!i!ii!!!iii!!ii!g!lgiiiii!!!l!!i!i!!!!iii!lil!!............ _ ........ • ................ ° ........ o,.............. i .... I.... I........ I......... ,........
]]_],_]]]l]]]]l]]]]l_']]]]l]]_i_]]]i]]]]l]]]]]]]]l]]]]_.... I ................ ° °°'° ............... I ........!i!i !iiili?iii?ii?liiiil_ iiiiliiiil?iiiiii?i,,iiiil?i!i_.... illlllliilliiilllllil]ii,_i iiiillilill!illllililll........ • .... ,°,0-, .... ,°---,-,,_ .... i .... • ........ i,--o
1
iiii.i]iii??iiliiiii?iiil!i?ilii]i"_iilJ!i!iiiii,!iiil!J]i0
............ | .... • .... °._ ...... 0 ...... , ..........
iigiligiilii[ilgiigig]iiligiili]iiliiii,_]liigiiiiii]ig!_
]]]]i]]]]l]]]]l]]]]i]]]]l]]]]l]]]]i]]]]i]]]]l]]]]]_']]]] ®!!!!iiii?i!!!ili]]ii!i!!i!i]!:!i?!i]!?ii!iiii!]i!]]!i_'" 'iiiiliiii iisiliiii iiiiliiiiiiiiilii:iliiisissii iiisiii:i
I
"3
i
9O
!!!!J!!i̧!!!!liiiiJ!!!!l!i!!l!i!!l!!!!l]!i!li!!!l!i!!l!!!]l!ii!l!!!!!iii'i!!! !i!!l!!!iliiiiliii!l!!!il!!iil!!i!l!!i!l!!!!,!!!!li!i!li!!!".... | ....... 01,0,.10,,,|00°,|..-0|00o,! .... | .... |.°,°| .... • .... i ....
ii!!l!!!!i!]!li!!!l!!!!l!!!!l!!!il!i!!l!!!!l!!!!l!!]!li!!il!!!]l!!!! o
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1:::_ ========================================:::1::::1::::1::::
....(! i!i!li!!!l!ii!l!!i!l!!!il!i!il!i!!l!!!!l!!!!l!!!il!!!!lli!!®!!!il!i!__!il!!!!l!i!!l!!i!l!!!!l!!!il!!!!l!!!!l!!!!l!!!il!!!! d........ _...... :':: "::: ::'" : ............... I .... ! .... I .... _
.................... o.. ,oo .... , ...... 0 ...... iI0.oo o,.
...................... I ............ :., : ....... _....... : I:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ,=!
::::1::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1::::::::1::::0iiiiliiiiiiiiiliiiilii!il!ii!lii!ilNiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiiiii!}iiii-,iiiiliiii iiilliiiiliiiiliiiilil]iliiii liiiiliiiil]ililiiiiliilloiiiil!iii.iiiilii!ilii!il!i!!lii!il!ii!l!iii%!liiiilii!i_i!!il!ii! ..'iiiiliiiiiiiiliiii/iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiil'ii_ iiiiliiii_iiiiliiii .oI.................. _.............. I ........................ _........ _
I::::1:::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: _:::'::::t::::l:::: _"_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::t::::.:\:: ::::1_:::: ::::
]]]]1]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]i]]]]1]]_]":!:]i]i]liiii........ ' _] ]]]]]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]i]]]],]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]_]]]i,]]]]_
iiiilli]i i]!il]iiilii]iliiiilil]il]il]lil]iliil]liiiiiiil]_iiil]i ' ._'_
................ _ _1:_
!ii]li!i! ii]!l!!!!l!!!il]i!]lii!!liii!l!!!il!!!!liii!l!!!il]!!]'\]i '
ili]l]il]_i]iilil]ii]ilill]iill]]]il]]il]iiiliiiili!!!l!i!!lii!!lii_............ _, _.._.o
I
91
iil i iili iiiiii]ilIiiilliliiiiiiiliiiiliill i!ii ii_ .... '!!!! !!!! !!!!i!!!! !!!!,!!!!'!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!_" ©
!iii iii! !!iil!!ii i!iil!!iilii!!lii!ili!!! !!!! i!ii _i '................ ' .................... I .... i .......
............ | .o ...... | .... m .... | ...... • . i ........ , .. o .
I
92
........................................ ::.X. .............................
iiiii!ii!iiiiiii iiii ii!i!iii !iiiiiii iiii !iii!_iii!iii !!ii!!iiiii!i!i] _,!! !!!i!ii!!!!!!!ii!!!!!ili!!!i!ii!!!!!!! !!!!-X:!!i!!!!i!!_ii!!!i!i! "
......................... • .......... I .... ,°°ol ..........................
..................................................i..................... !
................................... ° ........................ I ...................................... ° ...... ° ...... ° °°°° °'° ......... _ ...... i .......
iiii ilil .........................................................
ii!! i!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!i!!! !!!!'!!!!!!!! i!!! !!!i !!!! i!!! !!!! !!!!_!! !!!! !!!! _
i!!!!i!!!!!!!i!!!!!ii!!!!i!i!!!!i!!!!;ii!!iii!!!!!!!!!ii!!i!!!_ii!i !ii!_ 2°..... : ...... • ............. °°ooo°oo ........ °° ........ °°°°° .... °.°°_ ....... _
°o°1 ............. • ....... o°°° °°o°,°.° .... ° • .............. • °oo ........... oe......................... "° .............. o,o ..... ! .... i ........... 4 ..... o.°................ °o°._ .... • ................ ° ................................
:::: :::: :::: :::::::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::::::: :::: ::: ........:::: :::: :::: :::::::: :::: :::: :::::::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::! f!ii !!ii "_:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :::: ::::_:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: _::: "::: _' _,........ .................... • .... • ............ • ......... , ........ _,. ,°................... ,°. °° ...... • ........ • ............... oo. , ..............
• ....... i oooo .... • ................... i ......... , ..... |............................ i ............ • .......................... • .°°°
:::: :::: :::: :::: :::: :: .............................. _............ I:: .....o° o° ............ °. °o° ................ ° .....
................................................. i °o ............ o° °, °°°°
........................ _ ........................ L° ...... , °°°° o.o°_°. °, °°°°
.................... I .... ................ ° ....... • .............. o°° ° °..°
........................................... °°1 .... °° ...... ° ......... _° o°°° _
.......................................... o ....................... _ °°°°
.... _............................................................... • o°°.
.... i ................................... ° ........................... • ....
................ , ............... ooo° o°°° °,° ............... o ........ _ °°°°
............... ° .... °° ...... ° ....... °°°° °'° ....... °° °°'° °°° ........ • .... I °_
......... . ....... ° ........ °.o ° ....... ........................ ............ |
............ °°°° ...... °° °°°°i ..... o° ..... °o° ..... i .......................
,° ........ °° °°o, °o ...... °_oooo°. °°°o ...... ° ..... ° ................. ;,: ....
iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii_iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iili! !iii _
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_iiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiii_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_ii_ill' _........ °oo° °oo° • .... °°° °°°° ° ..... °o °°°o1° ..... .° • ............... _ ......
........ • °°° °o, ..... _,°°o °°°o ,° .... °° oo°°i ..... oo ..... ° .................. t!
..................................................... i ............. I ........ I
_!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!_!!!!!!!! !!!!'!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!!!!!! !!!! !!!t !!!! !!!!
"iiiiilliiiiiiilliliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!ililiilliill"'"filliiii"_,iiiiiiii _I
•-4 o o o o. o o o o o
93
itil]]iii]_ii_i]l!_i!iiii i i ]]iifill: i ill illili]iiiil]qii]iilii":_:1:::: ::::i::::l::: '::: :::: :::: ::::1::::1:: :1:: :1::::1::::1: :'i::::
:"":::: ::::l::::l::::i:::: :::: :::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::oj •
..b.l ........ I .... l .... I .............. • .... • .... • .... i .... i .... i .... • ....
+,b,m ........ u .... I .... m .......... i .... • .... • .... • .... , .... • .... • .... • ....
............. I .... I .... I ............ ! .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I ...."'I ............................. ................................
]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]!]]]]]]]]l]!!]l]]]I]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]o:::_:::: ::::l:::::::::::::: .::: :::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::: _:: ::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
...._] ]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]1]]]]®
.... !_!!!!l!i!i!!]g!l!!!!!i]!!!!!!ii]li!?!l!!i!l!!!!l]!!!l!!!!l!!!!l!!!!_| _ | | | | | • | | | |............................................ , .... ..0 .... 0 .......
i!?"!!! ._!l!?!!l!i!!l!!i! ii!? ?!?!???!l!!!!l!?!!li!!!l!!!!l!i!!l?!?!l!??! _:::" ::: ::._. ::::1::::1:::: :::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
]iiili!ii ii]ii!_ ?iiil!ii] i]!i]iiiiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiil!iiiliii!liiiiliiii _,.... i ........ i .... _ ........... i ........ • .... |,.--|• °-,|.--o| o•-,| .... • ....
.............................................. I.o .............. q_
.....ii!i!!!!iii!._!i! i!!!lii!!??iil!!!!lii!!li!!!i!i!!l!!iil!iiiti!ii._ ,
....]]]i]]]]l]]]!l]]]]n]_2i]]]g]]!]]]l]!]]l]]]]l]]]]l]gi!t]ii]n]]iit]i]]L%!
]]]]1]]]]]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]_]]]]]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]]l]]]],1=
iiiiliiiiiiiil!iiiliiiil!gliilii_!i!iliiiiliiiiliiiilii!ili!iilliigliiii --oO
]iiil!!!!]iiil!iiiliiiiliiiiii! iiiiNiliiiiliiiil!iiiliii!l!iiili!iiliii! _.... • ........ | .... | .... i ............... _ .... | .... • .... i .... | .... | .... i .... _
i?iili!??iiiiliiiiliiiiliiii iiii iiii i?!?'_iiliiiili!iiliiiiliiiilii?ili!ii '"u
iiiillilli]iiliiiil]ililililfilliilliiiil?i)_iliiiillililiiiillilililli' "_°• _
iiiiliiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiili_ii.:_iiliiilliiiiliiiiliii?,, _::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: :::: :::: :::::::::::::::::_ ::::1::::1::::1:::: I
::::1:::: ::::1::::1::::1:::: :::: :::: :::::::::::::::::::1_::::::::::::::::: "_
:iiiliiii iiii!iiiiliiiiliiii iiii iiii iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiili_ iiiiliiiiliiii __'_.... I ........ l,,•,l+-•-i l-e ...... +,, -,++I .... l .... I .... I, • 1+ _ ............. _ .._
+++il+i++++++l+++il++++li+5++++++++i+i++I++++I++5+I++++I++++.+_++++I++++' .-_.... I ........ l .... m .... m,o+ ............. l .... n .... m .... i .... l .... _'''l ....
........ 'm'm,,,.... .... ................ IIIII.... .... .... .... ............_
.... i .... i ..... m .... a .... m ................ • .... • .... • .... , .... • .... • .... • ....
i e,i
o o o o o. o o o oI I I I I I I
94
:!!iJ!!iiii. !ii!::!!!l!iiil!!!i:!ii!l!ii!l!iii!!i!liiiili!!!J' i!!! ............. ii!!.... _ .... a .... I .... I .... I ........ a .... | .... I .... I .... _ .... I,,,_ ...........I i
I .......... I .... I .... I .... , .... I .... I ........ i .... I .... I .... I .... I .... 1............................ :_ ......................... 7 ........................ '"'t ............ _'_
1:1:1:::i :: • :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::'::::l::::
.... !:::: :._ • :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ===================================i::::'::::l:::: Q
::::i:::: ::. :111:1111:11::::::i::::::::::::::: :1:1::::::::i::11:::::i:::::::::i: :2222::22:::::.... , ..... 4 _ ......... °''| .... | .... | .... |''' ..... w .... | .............................
....:::::::::::!::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.................... 0.,, .... • .... I .... ! ........ | .... l .... | .... i .... l .... i ........ n .... I*,, _
.... !:::2 ::1 :2:_l::::l-:::i::::l::::i ...................................... i.,,I.................... i,,e ..... l .... l .... l .... l ,..tlel,e .......... o,
.......... _ ..................... I ...... r .......................... (i
.... i .............. il. e, .,.,R,,III....i .... I .... i .... R ....... I .... I ....
•:::,-:::.:: ::::,::::::::::::::::':::::::::::::-.:................_.................:.. :.. :.., ....... I....I....I........I........::::::::::::::::::::::::::_i::::: :::: :::/
°.., I ............ l..,,l.l..l .... . ......... ° ....... °..., ............... p .................................... I.... I.... I ........ I .... I.... I.... I .... I .... I..i ..... I.... I...., ........... _ ........ • ...... • .... i .... | ........ | .... | .... n .... | .... i .... • ....... ,.,., ....
.... ! ............ ,.. ,o ...... °,o ......... 0.1 .... i.,.,i .... |,°,.| .... i,-,, .... | .... |.,.:
.... i ......... ..,i.,.,i,°l.I .... i....i .... i ...... ,.llll.il.l,I .... I°.,,I,..,l ........ i .... I.l..
.... l ............ l .... ll.l.l .... l .... l .... I ...... }.1 .... l..lll .... l ,..t1,..,1.1, , .... l .... l ....
.... i ...... J ,' ...... i .... 1............... J'"l .... !.... I.... I .... I .... i"i ................. : .... , .... I .... , .... • .... , .... , .... _. ,.1 .... I .... I .... I .... I .......
:::;!!]?!?i!i]]]]t]]]]l:]i]t]]?i:?i?]l]]!::i]i]:!!iliii!l!!!il!!i!liii!li!i!!!!!_!iii!li!iilii!!"''''''''i .... |'" ........ '" "'" "'' ............ ° ........ ' ............
.............................'..................:.'.................,..ii!ii !iiiiii!:ii!ii iiiliiiiliii!l!ii:li!iii!iiili!t:;... ! ....... _ ...................................................... .".............?i??l?i?????'.iii?l?i?ii??iili??ii???iliiiil??iii?ili?i?iiiiil?i??lii?iiiii?i?????ili?i?l???i.... i ............ | .... | .... | .... | .... i .... i .... _.o,| .... | .... | .... : .... I .................
..... ° .............. ,. ........ ° ............ |,,,., .... • .... |.,.., .... • ....... • .... • ....
.... i ............. ° .................... ,- b ....... | .... m .... l ............... i .... ! ....
.......... ( _...I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... :...I .............. I .... I ................. , ............ • .... • .... , .... • .... • .... g .... Lr .................................... _-_
.... i .... • ....... | .... | .... n .... | .... p .... i,,0 ..... | .... | .... n .... | .... i .... | ....... • .... | ....
::::1:::: :::: ::::::::i::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::i::::::::: ::::1::::1::::I.,, I ............ I .... i,,,.I .... i....i .... I ..... *.1 .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I ....... I .... I ....
.... i ............ • ........ _ .... • .............................. ° ..................................... I............. I .... I ....... I.... I .... I .... I .... I .... I ....... I .... I ....
.......... _ .... •,°°.• .... • .... • .... ; .... |,-, .... • .... | .... , .... • .... • .... • ....... • .... , .... I_
.... • ........ oo-•.o,om.°,om .... •..,,•°o.,|.-.-, .... • .... | .... | .... • .... , .... •-., , .... • .... , ....
°-:o| ........ ,,.m.•°-•,°o,• .... |o°.,• .... | ...... o,| .... | .... n .... | .... I .... • ........ • .... | ....
::::':::: "_:: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ,_p• ...... " "" "'''''''°•''•" "''" '''" "'" "'°' "'' ..... ° ......... • ..... " ........ " .... I
o.I, .. iI.ll.tollll,, lelo I mle_ ..,, i.. a ..... i,.1. ...... i .... i ....... l .... n ....
I,. II I,,.I .I • II.l I.ll. 1.11 I1.1., • ,l., I, i .... I .... I .... l .... I .... I .... I ....... l .... l ....
• ...... •o, .,, ,,,, ,,., ,,,, ,.....° ..,j ,.•,, .... , .......... , ....... . ...........
q ..... ,, _1ol i,.o i1,1 Ilol III. IIIllOoO .1_., ,e O.ll,,I o.! ........::::,::::.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::li:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::'....................::::1::::1::::©
.... 'iiii]ii::liiiil:i::::l::iiil]::iiliiii iiiiiiliiiiliiiiliiiifiiiiliiiiliii?i ill]iiliill
oOI
95
i
...................... iiiil]ililiiiiliiiililt ii]iliiii ".... I .... I .... • ........
.... I .... I .... II * • • * ....
° . o , , .... , . ,_, • | o • • ,i -,,-i .... i ........ • .... • ..... • ° • | .... 'P_
.... , ........ • .... _ .... i ........ i - • • ,i .... i ........ i ....
.......... rr ............... { ................ ) .......
.... • ........ i ..... *- • ,i .... r,, • , • i .... i .... i ........ i ....
.... i .... i .... l • • • , .... l • • , • i .... l .... l ............ | ....
::::::::: " L,;:I:::: ::::I:::: ::::,::::I::::':::: ::::I::::II
!i!i!::]i!"if!l::!::!!':!!i::i!!i':::::i!::i::i!::!'.i::]i!:!!!il!i!:®.... • ...... • i i , l , , .... i • • I ..... i • • • • i • • • o i .... i • . . i ....
. . , , l .... i I , , • i , • . • .... i • , . ..... i . , I . i , , . . l ........ i ....
::::::::::::'_ :::: ::::1::::
:::::::::::::I: :::: ::::I:::: ::::I::::I::::I:::: ::::I::::.... i .... i • * q . i • • • I • I • • i • • , ..... i .... l .... | ........ I ....
.., .......... _ .............. ;_................. • • ........
.... • .... m • -_ro I ........ i • • • ..... i .... • .... i • • . • • • .,i ....
.... • .... i .... m • • • • ...... • ..... i .... • .... | .... ,- o. | ....
.... • .... • ..... • ...... i ........ i .... i .... • ........ J ....
.... , .... , . I_ . • ............ _1. , . | .... | .... | • • • • _,, • o| ....
, • • - • .... , ....... . .... i - • • ..... | .... • .... • .... • .... | ....
iii!!!!ii!iii!'!i!! i!ii!ii!i !!!!!!i!!!!!!!!!i!! !!iil!iiii .... | .... | ........ • ....
.... i • • ° • _ .... • ........ | , • • ..... i .... • .... • ........ | • • • •
.... | .... i .... • ........ i ........ | .... = . • .om ........ • ....
........... _".............. ( .................. • ......... ' L'_
.... i .... i .... i ........ i ........ i .... i , , I _ i , 4 * I _i s . i i ....
.... • .... | .... x • • • , .... t • . • ..... • .... • .... i • • • • • oo,i • • • •
::::I::::I::,::I::::,::::I:::: ::::I::::I::::I:::: ::::I::::
.... , .... , .... , • , ...... i , • . - ,, • . • | .... • .... i • • • • • o.oi ....
.... i .... i .... i , _ ...... i . , • ..... i d . , , i .... i .... i 6 i o i ....
.... ::i:li=::l:ii!!ii::l:i:: iii !iiilii!il!ii :!:i!:i:i o::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::: ::::1::::1::::1:::: ::::1::::.... i .... | .... |.,-, i .... | ........ i .... • .... • .... • • -,| ....
............. , , , , ..... , .... , o , .., • o • • ,o o o, ....
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::.... • .... | .... | . • ...... | • . • ..... • .... | . • ..i ........ • ....
I.... i .... l, i •, l • 4., i e • i • R a . _ ..... i 4 • o . i .... i ...... . i i ....
::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::1::::.... , ..... l. ,, • • ...... i 0 -, ...... i .... i .... • ....... .i ....
!i!!l!iii.!!!ii!!!! !!!!l!!!! !!!!l!!!!l!!!!l!!! !!!!!!!!!.... , • . , ..... i . • • • °. • ol • • • ..... • .... • .... • ............ _
• i • °m • . • • • o. ,i • , o, ° • • • | .... • .... • ....... • .... I
.... a .... l • i • ° l • • • • ,- • • i • *,, .... | .... i .... • ....... • ....
.... , ..... i • .| • _ °. ° ,. o| • ,, ..... | .... • .... i • o • • o ...| ....
.... ,. • , • , • • ,i o _ • o .... i • • , ..... | .... • .... | • • _ ..... • ....
................ 1:1: ::': :2:2 ::22 ::':11 : ..... I'2"2
I
O C3 O O OO O O O O
I I I
96
r_
_D
iC_
O
i
N/LRA_alo_ _oroutic5 a_ Report Documentation Page
1. Report No.
NASA TM-101083
4. Title and Subtitle
2. Government Acc_on No.
Experimental Aerodynamic Characteristics of a
Joined-Wing Research Aircraft
7. Author(s)
Stephen C. Smith and Ronald K. Stonum (First Lieutenant,Force Systems Command Liaison Office, U.S. Air Force)
9. Performing Organization Name and Addreu
Ames Research Center
Moffett Field, CA 94035
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationWashington, DC 20546-0001
15. Supplementary Notes
Point of Contact:
3. Recipient's Catalog No.
5. Report Date
April 1989
6, Performing Organization Code
8. Performing Organization Report No.
A-89074
10. Work Unit No.
505-61-21
11. Contract or Grant No.
13. Type of Report and Period Covered
Technical Memorandum
14. Sponsoring Agency Code
Stephen C. Smith, Ames Research Center, MS 227-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035
(415) 694-5856 or FTF 464-5856
16. Abstract
A wind-tunnel test was conducted at Ames Research Center to measure the aerodynamic characteristics of a joined-wingresearch aircraft (JWRA). This aircraft was designed to utilize the fuselage and engines of the existing NASA AD-1 aircraft.The JWR A. was designed to have removable outer wing panels to represent three different configurations with the interwingjoint at different fractions of the wing span. A one-sixth-scale wind-tunnel model of all three configurations of the JWRA wastested in the Ames 12-Foot Pressure Wind Tunnel to measure aerodynamic performance, stability, and congol characteristics.
This report presentsthe resultsof these tests.Longitudinal and latera]-direcdona/characteristicswere measuredoveranangle of attack range of -7 ° to 14° and over an angle of sideslip range of -5 ° to +2.5 ° at a Mach number of 0.35 and aReynolds numberof 2.2 x 106/ft. Various combinationsof deflectedcontrolsurfaceswere tesw.zlto measure the effectivenessand impact on stability of severalcontrol surface arrangements.In addition, the effects on stall and post-stallaerodynamiccharacteristics from small leading-edge devices called vortilons were measured.
The results of these tests indicate that the JWRA had very good aerodynamic performance and acceptable stability andcontrol throughout its flight envelope. The vortilons produced a profound improvement in the stall and post-stall characteris-tics with no measurable effects on cruiseperformance.
17. Key Words (Suggested by Author(st)
Joined wingVortilons
Experimental aerodynamics
19. Security Classif. (of this report)
Unclassified
NASA FORM 1626 OCT 86
18. Distribution Statement
Unclassified - Unlimited
Subject category - 02
I 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages ' 22. Price
i Unclassified 98 A051
For sale by the National Technical Information Service. Springfield. Virginia 22161
