Experiment and field tests of transients in pipelines

Experiment and field tests of transients in pipelines

Asgar, Arthur, and Moez

• Equipment and measuring devices

• Experiment facility under construction in the lab

• Current progress in the field test

• Proposed field experiment facility in Beacon Hill

Layout

EquipmentItems we have already purchaseItems

HDPE pipes and pertinent parts (SDR 17, 160 psi)

GE Druck pressure transducers:Ranges: 0.5 bar (3 pcs); 1 bar (3 pcs);5 bar (3 pcs); 16 bar (3 pcs)

Three National Instrument (NI) data-loggers and pertinent modules and software licenses.


Three rugged laptops for DAQ in lab and field

Four pelican cases for transporting equipment

High frequency ICP® pressure sensor6.89bar, 3pcs13.8 bar, 3pcs34.5bar, 3pcsand pertinent parts


Pneumatic pressure calibratorRanges:7 bar (1 pc); 20 bar (1 pc)

Knaack boxes for storage of equipment in the fieldSolenoid valve-820 series,BIBUS-Shanghai Co.1/8 and 1/4 , 3/4 and 1/2

Benthowave custom BII-7531BII-6010 (Impedance Matching)BII-5061 (Linear Power Amplifier)

Proposed Layout in the Lab

Pipe setup in the laboratory

Start: 31-May- 2017

Expected day to finish: 30- June-2017

• Total length: 139.00 m

• Material: HDPE

• Diameter: 3 inch

• Design flow rate: 4.5L/s

• Working pressure: 30m

Field Test• 426m Ductile iron pipe

• Mainly ductile iron.

• PRV is fully open.

• Measurement in 2 fire hydrants

• Timing and Synchronization in NI LabVIEW

Test conducted:• Transient test on 25 May 2017o Noise measuremento Ball valve-Transient Testo Solenoid valve- Transient Test

NI Location

Video of slow closure- Ball valve test in Hydr 2

Video of Solenoid valve test in Hydr 2

Transient test: Manual valve closure

S1 S2 S3R1

R2

R3

1. Three slow closure, fully open: S1, S2, S32. Three fast closure, not fully open: F1, F2, F33. Three fast closure, Open and close: R1, R2, R3

F1 F3F2

Manual S1no filtering



• Filtered slow closure data, filter window=1 second

• 1000 data point

Manual S1filtering

Manual S2filtering

Manual S3filtering

Manual F1no filtering



• Filtered data, filter width 1 second

Manual F1filtering

Manual F2filtering

Manual F3filtering

Dt = 0.138s

Dt = 0.131s

Wave speed = 856m/s

Manual R1no filtering



Transient test: electromagnetic valve

1. Three fast closure, wait for steady state: S1, S2, S3

2. Three fast closure, open and close (50ms): F1, F2, F3

3. Three fast closure, open and close (100ms): R1, R2, R3

S1 S2 S3F1 F2

F3 R1 R2

R3

Electro-valve S1 no filtering



• Filtered result: window 1 second

• 1000 data point

Electro-valve S1 filtering



Electro-valve F1 no filtering



Electro-valve R1 no filtering



Proposed hydrant setup- Field

Threaded support mounted

on the ground

UNIK pressure transducer

Fire hydrant

Valve

Internal

diameter 3 inch

Valve Valve

Noise measurement Analysis

From t=1800s to t=1825s

Entire signal

Mean and standard deviation of the data after different filter is employed, hydrant 1


Mean and standard deviation of the data after different filter is employed, hydrant 2


Signal variation mainly due to oscillations at 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz.

Noise measurement result

a=L/T=115.109/0.015=7674m/s (!!?). Mistakes? Or are we measuring standing waves?

time lags corresponding to maximum R1 second sections 30 second sections one minute sections five minute sections

Average (second) 0.01082 0.01595 0.01606 0.01600

st dev (second) 0.00741 0.00213 0.00204 0.00163

Coefficient of variation 68.5% 13.3% 12.7% 10.2%

Min (second) 0 0.012 0.012 0.014

Max (second) 0.033 0.02 0.02 0.018

Range of wavespeed = 3488 m/s to infinity

Noise measurement result

-7/3

-7/3-7/3

With Pressure Reducing Valve

Without Pressure Reducing Valve

• Motivation• Compared to the laboratory pipes, real-world pipe networks have:

• Larger lengths (~km) and diameters (~m).

• More branches, with the exact location usually unknown.

• More hydraulic devices, e.g. pressure reducing valves, fire hydrants.

• More uncertainly due to operation condition, e.g. demands

Beacon Hill field experiment facility

Beacon Hill field experiment facility

• The facility provides an opportunity to:• Test in-pipe wave propagation in a realistic yet controlled conditions.

• The pipelines replicate closely the HK water supply pipelines.

• System configurations can be modified, e.g. adding a hydrant, without disturbing the water supply of the public.

• Build up the knowledge on field testing of pipe transients in HK.

Location of the proposed field experiment facility

Basic information:

• Length of the pipe (L): 139m.

• Pipe diameter: 4 inch

• Pipe material: PVC.

• Estimated upstream head: 60m

• Transducers, leaks, blocks or other devices can be installed at the removable sections if needed.

Tests to be performed:

• Leak off tests with low frequency waves (LFW, < 5 kHz).

• Effect of blockages on LFW

• Effect of hydrants, both fully and partially filled with water, on LFW propagation.

• Effect of PRV to LFW propagation.

Water supply

Water

supply

Water

supply

Beacon Hill Intermediate Level

Fresh Water Service Reservoir

Flow

Hydrant

Hydrant

Gate valve

Air release valve

Existing training facility

Existing Sea

Water ServiceReservoir

Side discharge to

U-channel

Removable section

Exis

ting U

-channel

Ball valve

Tapping point:

rising main to ground level

Drain point

EM Flowmeter

Pressure reducing valve

Legend

Existing underground fresh water pipes

Pipes proposed by Smart UWSS on the ground

Simulated leak:

Ball valve

Flow control

valves

To U-channel

• Summary• The construction of a 139m HDPE pipe system is undertaken.

• Several field measurements are conducted during four months.

• Future work• Lab

• Noise measurement in new lab setup

• Use Benthowave to generate low frequency signals

• Field• Synchronization of NI data loggers

• More noise measurements

• Transient tests with the new hydrant setup

• Finalize the design of the Beacon Hill field experiment facility

Summary and Future Work

Back up

Field test pipe in Ngau Tau Kok

93.633m1.790m

2.708m87.195m

24.116m

11

.43

8m

51.789m

12.107m51.213m53.247m

1.764m

8.794m

3.352m 1.528m

4.451m

2.911m

2.926m

2.809m2.502m

13.879m3.746m

8.456m

3.565m

1.405m

1.700m

1.628m

1.800m

5.336m

5.5

54

m

4.9

09

m

3.519m

9.6

95

m

4.6

05

m

Junction to external network

Legend:

Fire hydrantValve

Normally closed valve

Dead end

Flowmeter Pressure reducing valve

Pipe leading to consumers

PH1597

PH1598

PH1601

Ductile iron pipe: 200mm diameterDuctile iron pipe: 150mm diameter

NI location

Documents

Experiment and field tests of transients in pipelines