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South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
Moving Forward: Phase II Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands
June 16, 2020Presentation to the BBRRCT
Melody Hunt
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
➢ Salinity & Flow Targets
➢ Dry Season Flows & Targets/ Example
➢ Water Delivery
➢ 2013 Pilot Project
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
C-100A Spur Canal
RESTORATION
Phase II: BBSEERSIntegration BBCW & C111 Spreader
• New Information• Targets & PM Development and
Updates• Water Delivery• Alternatives (New and Existing)• Water Sources • Regional Initiatives, Activities &
Restoration• Storage• Water Quality Considerations
B i s c a y n eB a y
FLORIDA CITY CANAL
NORTH CANAL
Card Sound
Barnes Sound A T L A N T I CO C E A N
Miami-Dade County
EvergladesNational Park
1
FL T
PK
Homestead
1
C-111
L-3
1E
C-103
C-102
L-3
1N
L-3
1W
C-1
W
C-1
10
C-1
C-1
N
C-100
C-103N
C-1
11E
C-113
C-100C
C-1
00A
C-1
02N
C-103S
MILITARY CANAL
L-3
1E
80°16'11"W
80°16'11"W
80°26'11"W
80°26'11"W
80°36'11"W
80°36'11"W
25
°34
'56
"N
25
°34
'56
"N
25
°24
'56
"N
25
°24
'56
"N
25
°14
'56
"N
25
°14
'56
"N
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Legend CERP Project Boundaries
Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands
C-111 Spreader Canal
Everglades National Park
GULF OFMEXICO
ATLANTICOCEAN
Area ofInterest
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICABBCW PHASE I
1. DeeringStatus: Complete
2. Cutler WetlandsStatus: To Be Constructed
3. L31 E FlowwayStatus: In Progress
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
TARGETSQualitative
Flows “Restore and improve quantity, quality, timing and distribution of freshwater to Biscayne Bay, including BNP for the life of the project”
Salinity “Re-establish productive nursery habitat along the shoreline of Biscayne Bay”
“Redistribute freshwater flow to minimize point source discharges at canals to improve freshwater and estuarine habitat.”
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICAWATER DELIVERY
FLOWSExisting water and operations (Annex D of PIR)
Some localized adaptive measures at BBCW features (e.g. pumping changed from pulsed to continuous at Deering S-700 ) →
Improvement in downstream wetland and nearshore salinity conditions.
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
TARGETSRESTORATION & MAINTENANCE
Ecological & Hydrologic Targets for Western Biscayne National Park, 2006-2008
➢ Targets include restoration and critical threshold
➢ Ecological targets used to develop salinity targets- have a timing component
➢ Different flow estimates presented for variety of salinity targets
– Estimates never been used as targets
– Groundwater limited data availability and low relative to surface flows
– Based historical data analyses, model estimates
– Flow estimates are presented average annual flow volumes
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
Biscayne National Park target(s) are based on salinity in Coastal Mangrove Zone (CMZ) and Western Bay Zone (WB)
Mesohaline (5-18) habitat • Seasonal RECOVER:
• 250 m (dry)• 500 m (wet)
• NPS: > 10,000 acres
RESTORATIONTARGETS
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICAECOLOGY AND SALINITYMajority of these species prefer salinities 5-20 ➢ Late dry season - early wet season: Average daily
salinity from 15 to 25 WBZ ➢ Late Wet Season: < 20 WBZ and 0-5 CMZ➢ Never exceed 30 WBZ
Source: Ecological Targets for Western Biscayne Bay ; SFNRC Technical Series 2006
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
Tentatively Selected Plan
Deering Estate Component
C-100A Spur Canal
CRITICAL THRESHOLD
For Western Bay Zone salinity <30
There is no current strategy in place or practice to maintain critical threshold
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICAExample Nearshore Salinity, Rainfall, and Flows
2015 – 2018
➢ Long-term Rainfall Record-120 + years
➢ Nearshore Salinity – Monthly Average
➢ Structure Flow – Monthly Total
Source; M Hunt, Freshwater Inflows to Biscayne National Park Are All Flows Equal?, GEER 2019
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
NOAA/ NCDC long- term data set- from 1897
Uses composite of rain stations
REGIONAL RAINFALL
Florida Divisions for climatic dataset
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
ANNUAL RAINFALL SOUTH FLORIDA
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 20 40 60 80 100
Tota
l A
nn
ual R
ain
fall (
inch
es)
Percentile
Total Annual Rainfall
Percentiles Division 6 (1895-2018)
2018
2015
2016
2017
average annual rain = 57.28 (2008)
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
0 20 40 60 80 100
Tota
l A
nn
ual R
ain
fall (
inch
es)
Percentile
Total Annual Rainfall Percentiles
Division 5 (1895-2018)
20182017
2016
2015
Average annual rain = 53” (2015)
Annual Differences: SE Coastal (6) & Everglades/ SW Coast (5)
2017, 2018 rank similar2015, 2016 rank different
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
ANNUAL RAINFALL
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 50 100
SE Coastal - Division 6
2018
2015
2016
2017
Average = 57.27 “(2008)
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
1895191519351955197519952015
DIFFERENCE FROM AVERAGE
PERCENTILE RANK
General Year Characteristics2015: “dry” Wet Season2016: “wet” Dry Season (Jan) 2017: IRMA2018: “ Dry” with June very wet
✓High Degree Annual Variability
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
Daily Salinities Western Bay Zone• Threshold < 30 (Always)• Restoration 15 - 25 (March –
Aug.)
Salinity Targets
➢ Show results of Flows at S20F and Salinity at BISC 16
➢ Used 4 years flows from major structures
➢ Nearshore Salinities ➢ Compared with Salinity
Targets
Monthly Flows - Monthly Salinities
FLOW & SALINITY
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICAFLOW & SALINITY
Flows S20F
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Flo
w S
um
Acre
Fee
t/M
on
th
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Salinity Bisc 16
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Salin
ity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
✓Monthly Flows throughout year where minimum salinity met (2016, 2018)
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICAINFLOWS: ANNUAL 2015-2018
(K
acre-f
t)
✓ 2016 and 2017,2018 Comparable annual canal inflows despite different annual rainfall and salinity
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICAINFLOWS: JANUARY- MAY
Flows through dry season each structure: 2015 and 2017 comparable - high salinities2018 and 2016 higher – better salinity conditions
(K
acre-f
t)
Salinity Bisc 16
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019S
alin
ity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICASUMMARY➢ Low annual inflow and
rainfall but met nearshore salinity targets (2016, 2018)
➢ Years with low dry season inflow will not meet critical thresholds for nearshore salinity
➢Need Monthly Flow Targets not Annual Flow
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 50 100
Division 6
2018
2015
2016
2017
Average = 57.27 “(2008)
Salinity Bisc 16
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Salin
ity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
Cutler Wetlands Component
MINIMUM DRY SEASON INFLOWS
Minimum flow and level (MFL) for coastal systems specify dry season inflows
Biscayne Bay is the only coastal system in South Florida that does not have an MFL established
Last effort in 2008 - 2009, Oct 2008 Peer review conducted – hypersalinlityidentified as key concern for Biscayne Bay; no action taken
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICAWATER RESERVATION
Adopted by SFWMD governing board June 13, 2013
Rule 40E-10.061, FAC became effective July 21, 2013
What the Water Reservation does: Reserves existing annual surface water in canals that input to BBCW
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
WHAT RESERVATION DOESN’T DO• Establish an operating
regime
• Provide drought protection
• Ensure the fish and wildlife goals or project goals are achieved
• Establish critical dry season inflows
• Account for groundwater withdrawls
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICA
DRY SEASON FLOWS PILOT PROJECT 2013
• Proof of Concept
• Objective to meet Critical threshold –prevent >30
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICADELIVERY PATH
One test was conducted from November 20, 2012 through December 4, 2012. Water was released from Water Conservation Area 3A (WCA 3A) into the South Miami-Dade Conveyance System (i.e. L-31N Canal), and into the western C-1 Canal, ultimately discharging at the coastal outfall, S-21, near Black Point.
Path of supplemental water deliveries to Biscayne Bay used to deliver water to S-21. Source: Pilot Project Tests for Supplemental
Deliveries to Biscayne Bay, 2013
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICASalinity and Flows Before, During and After Test
Source: Pilot Project Tests for Supplemental Deliveries to Biscayne Bay, 2013
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICASALINTY PRIOR TO
TESTDepiction of salinity in the nearshore area of Biscayne Bay based on weekly average salinity for November 4-10, 2012.
Source: Pilot Project Tests for Supplemental Deliveries to Biscayne Bay, 2013
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICASALINITY DURING TEST
Depiction of salinity in the nearshore area of Biscayne Bay based on weekly average salinity for December 2-8, 2012.
Source: Pilot Project Tests for Supplemental Deliveries to Biscayne Bay, 2013
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICASALINITY AFTER TEST
Depiction of salinity in the nearshore area of Biscayne Bay based on weekly average salinity for January 20-26, 2012.
Source: Pilot Project Tests for Supplemental Deliveries to Biscayne Bay, 2013
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICATIMING“Restore and improve quantity, quality,
timing and distribution of freshwater to Biscayne Bay, including BNP for the life of the project”
Alternatives that provide
➢Dry Season Water Delivery/ Operations
➢Water Storage
➢Sources
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICATARGETS
Target Flows for coastal areas
➢Monthly or seasonal targets that are consistent with and on same timescale of ecological / salinity targets, include dry season flows
South Florida Natural Resources Center
EXPERIENCE
YOUR
AMERICAThank you!
Melody Hunt