Exhbit 1 to Submission of Julian Assange

8/2/2019 Exhbit 1 to Submission of Julian Assange

1/11

For D istribution to C Ps

Th e E co n o m i s t2 5 S t Ja me s s S t ree tL o n d o n S W I A 1 H G

F A O Ben MilloyC o m p la i n t s O f fi c e rP r e s s C o m p la i n t s Co m m i s s io nH a l to n H o u s e2 0 / 2 3 H o lb o r nL o n d o nE C 1 N 2 J D

F r om the Ed i t o r

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T h a n k yo u v e r y m u c h f o r yo u r le t t e r . W e a r e g r a t e f u l t o M r A s s a n g e fo r p o i n t in g o u t t h a t o n e o ft h e a l le g a t i o n s i s fo r " m i n o r r a p e " . W e h a v e c h a n g e d i t o n o u r w e b s i te , s o t h a t w e n o w r e fe r t o" s e x -o f fe n c e a l le g a t i o n s " . W e a r e s o r ry fo r t h e m i s ta k e .

John MicklethwaitEd i t o r - i n -C h ie f

1T he E c onom i s t New s pa per L i m i t ed R eg i s te r ed O f fi c e : 2 5 S t 3a mes s S t r ee t L ond on S W lA 1 HG R eg i s te red i n En g la nd Num ber : 2 36383An Economis t Group bus iness

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............... ...............................From: Shanahan, Fergus fSent: 07 December 2011To: Ben MilloyC o : Justin WalfordSubject: Re Julian Assange

1 5 : 2 4h e - s u n [

Fol low U p Flag: Follow upFlag Status: Flagged

Dear Ben,On A ssange, pro tem as we investigate, I have d one the following w ithout prejudice.Look ing at other papers and the internet, there is wides pread c oncurrence thatA ssange faces the prospect of two charges of rape, but there are d i fferences ofinterpretation owing to the S wed ish justice system , so some w ire services say he facesone charg e of "m inor" rape and one of sex ual coercion. S o in a spirit of good will, I amamend ing the O nline reference to say h e is being soug ht for extradit ion on ch arges ofrape and sexual coercion.Please let m e have y our acknowledg em ent that this is OK with the PCC .Yours sincerely,Fergus Shanahan

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3/11


Ben MillovFrom:Sent:T o:Subject:

wil l .gor~1 5 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 1 1 0 : 4 9Be n M i llo yJ u li a n A s s a n g e

You r reference - 115619

D e a r B e nT h a n k y o u f o r y o u r le t t e r o f 5 D e c e m b e r t o C h r i s B la c k h u r s t re g a r d i n g th e c o m p la i n t fr o m J u li a n A s s a n g e , w h ic h h a sb e e n pa s s e d t o m e .M r A s s a n g e h a s h i gh l ig h t e d o n e p a r t ic u la r p a s s a g e i n t h e a r t ic le u n d e r c o m p la i n t , w h i c h a s fa r a s I a m a w a r ea c c u r a t e l y r e p o r t s a t w e e t m a d e b y a G u a r d ia n j o u r n a li s t , J a m e s Ba l l, w h o p r e v io u s l y w o r k e d fo r W ik ile a k s . W em a d e r e f e r e n c e t o t h e t w e e t in t h e c o n t e x t o f a r e p o rt a b o u t h o w W i ki le a k s a n d t h e G u a r d ia n w e r e b o t h b la m i n g e a c ho t h e r f o r t h e s e c u r i ty b r e a c h w h i c h l e d u l ti m a t e l y to t h e c o n t e n t o f a la r g e c a c h e o f u n r e d a c t e d d i plo m a t ic c a b le sb e c o m i n g w id e l y k n o w n .O u r (w e b o n ly ) a r t ic l e , w h i c h w a s s u p p li e d b y t h e r e s p e c t e d n e w s a g e n c y , As s o c ia t e d P r e s s , a n d w h i c h w a sp u bli s h e d i n t h e s a m e f o r m b y m e d i a o u t le t s a r o u n d t h e w o r ld , a p pe a r e d o n l y a d a y a f te r k n o w l e d g e o f t h eu n r e d a c t e d c a c h e b e c a m e w i d e s p r e a d . I t re f le c t e d a c c u r a t e ly t h e p o s i ti o n o f W i ki le a k s , w h i c h b la m e d t h e G u a r d i a nfo r th e s e c u r i ty b r e a c h , a n d t h e p o s i t io n o f t h e G u a r d ia n , w h i c h c l a im e d t h a t fa u l t la y w i t h la x s e c u r i ty b y W ik ile a k sa n d M r A s s a n g e . T h e r e w a s c o n s i d e r a b le c o n f us i o n a t t h e t i m e o f pu b li c a t io n a b o u t w h a t p re c i s e l y h a d h a p p e n e d t ole a d t o t h e s e c u r i ty b r e a c h a n d I d o n o t b e l ie v e w e m i s le d r e a d e r s b y fa i th f ully a n d c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s l y re p o r t in g t h ed i s p ut e . W e d i d n o t pa s s j u d g e m e n t o n w h e r e b la m e l a y fo r t h e b r e a c h .Y o u w i ll n o t e t h a t AP r e p o r t e d h a v in g m a d e s e v e r a l a t t e m p t s to c o n t a c t W ik ile a k s s t a f f b u t w i t h o u t s u c c e s s . T h ea r t i c le d id , h o w e v e r , im m e d ia t e l y a ft e r th e r e fe r e n c e t o J a m e s Ba li s t w e e t n o t e t h a t W ik ile a k s h a d , v ia it s o w n T w i t te rf e e d , "c o n t e s t e d s t a t e m e n t s b y [ D a v id ] L e ig h a n d o t h e r s , w a r n in g o f c o n t in u o u s li e s t o c o m e . " I t h i n k r e a d e r s w o u l dh a v e b e e n l e f t i n li tt le d o u b t t h a t W ik ile a k s r e j e c t e d a ll c l a im s a b o u t i t b e in g to b l a m e fo r t h e s e c u r i t y b re a c h .I n a ll t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s I d o n o t s e e t h a t M r A s s a n g e s c o m p la i n t r a is e s a b r e a c h o f th e C o d e . H o w e v e r , if h e w i s h e st o p la c e o n r e c o r d h i s s p e c i fi c r e s p o n s e t o M r Ba li s t w e e t , w e w o u ld b e p r e p a r e d t o a d d a f o o t n o t e t o t h e a r t i c leo n li n e . I w o u l d s u g g e s t t h a t i t c o u ld r e a d :Jul ian A ssange has con tacted u s to respond specif ical ly to a tweet by Jam es Ba l l, which is referred to in our a rt ic leabove. Mr Ass ange ca tegorical ly denies Mr Ba l is content ion that he [Mr Assang e] re-used an old passw ord whe npubl ishing encrypted da ta. Mr Assang e m aintains that fault for the se curi ty breach does n ot l ie w ith himse lf orWiki leaks.I w o u ld w e lc o m e y o u r t h o u g h t s o n t h is s u g g e s t io n a n d h o p e t h a t w e m i gh t b e a b l e t o b r in g t h i s m a t te r t o a n a m i c a b ler e s o lu t i o n .P l e a s e d o c o n t a c t m e i f y o u w o u ld l ik e t o d i s c u s s t h e c a s e .b e s t r e ga r dsWil l

W i ll G o r eD e p u ty M a n a g in g E d i to rLondon Evening Standa rd, The Independent, i & Independent on Sun daywi l l . .qore~,s tandard .co .uk

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theguardian

Ben Mi lloyP re ss C o m p la in t s C o m m iss io nH a l t o n H o u s e2 0 / 2 3 H o l b o r nL o n d o n E C 1 N 2 J D

Ki n gs P l ace , 90 Yo rk WayL o n d o n N 1 9 G UTelephone 020 3353 2000guardian .co .uk

1 6 D e c e m b e r 2 01 1De ar Mr Mi l loyT h a n k y o u fo r y o ur le t t e r o f 6 De ce m be r 2 01 1 ( re f 1 1 5 6 1 7) re ga rd in g t h e co m p la in t fr o m J u l ia n A ssa n ge i nre sp e c t o f t h re e a r t ic l e s p ub li sh e d by t h e G ua rd ia n . T h e a r t ic l e s a re :1 . A n e ws s t o ry h e a d l i n e d , J u li a n Ass a n ge e x t ra d it io n a p pe a l : QC s c la sh o v e r co n ce p t i o n s o f co n s e n t ,p ub li sh e d o n gua rd ia n . co . uk o n 1 3 J u ly 2 01 1 a n d i n t h e p a p e r t h e fo l lo w in g d a y . Se e :http:/ /www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/ jul /13/ jul ian--assange-appeaFsexuaFcomptaints

2 . An a n a ly s is p ie ce h e a d l i n e d , W ik iL e a k s d e c id e s t o m a k e p ub li c a l l U S s t a t e d e p a r t m e n t ca b le s , pub li sh e d o ng u a r d ia n . c o . u k o n 1 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 1 a n d i n s h o r t e r f o r m i n t h e p a pe r t h e f o l lo w i n g d a y . S e e :h t tp : //www.guard ian .co . uk/m ed ia /2011/se p/01/wik i lea ks-m ake-publ ic-a l l-s ta te- cables3 . A c o m m e n t p i e c e h e a d li n e d , S t e v e J o b s v J u li a n A s s a n g e : w h a t m a k e s a g o o d b i o gr a p h y? , pu b li s h e d o ng u a r d ia n . c o . u k o n 2 6 O c t o b e r 2 0 1 1 . S e e :http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/26/biography-steveujobs-jul ianuassangeM r A s s a n g e a l le g e s t h e fi rs t a r t ic l e b r e a c h e s t h e C o d e o n a c c u r a c y w h e r e i t r e fe r s t o " c h a r g e s " . W e d o n o ta cce p t h is c l a im . T h e G ua rd ia n s a r t ic l e i s a n a ccura t e a cc o un t o f p ro ce e d in gs i n co ur t , wh e re t h e wo rd"ch a rge s" wa s use d re p e a t e d ly, in c lud in g by t h e j ud ge , L o rd J us t i ce T h o m a s , a n d co un se l fo r th e S we d i shp r o s e c u t io n a u t h o r i ty , Cl a re M o n t g o m e r y Q C I a t t a c h a c o p y o f o u r r e p o r t e r s s h o r t h a n d n o t e s w i th f o u rr e l e v a n t se c t i o n s h igh l igh t e d . T h e s e a re t r a n s la t e d be lo w:

( i) Judge: "We are n ot conc erne d w i th whether th is i s a good case o r a bad case but whether what i s chargedam ounts t o a crime" .( ii ) Mon tgome ry: "Th is i s a case where i f t he ch arge a l leges v io lence , . , "( ii i) Montgom ery: "1he charge re la tes to ac t ions which n obody s ugges ts sh e wa s pos i t ive ly,. .. "( iv ) Montgomery : "The re i s no th ing to suggest here the prosecut ion h as an y in ten t ion to br ing the ca se as i t isdesc r ibed in so me of t he wi tnes s s ta tem ents, ra ther i t i s as i s put i n som e of t he cha rges" ,

G u a r d i g n N e w s & M e d i aA m emb er o f Gu ard leo Media Grou p P~cRegis tered Ofl lceK!ngs P;ece, 9 3 Yo~k WayL o n d o n N 1 g A GR e g i s t e re d I n E n g l a n d N u m b e r 9 0 8 3 9 8

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theguardian

A re fe re n c e t o ch a rge s n e e d n o t be in a cc ura t e wh e re i t i s use d i n fo rm a l ly a s a sy n o n y m fo r "a ccusa t i o n s " a n d"co m p la in t s " -- -- two t e rm s t h a t a p p e a r i n t h e o p e n in g se c t i o n s o f th e a r t ic l e be fo re we re p o r t t h e a rgum e n t sh e a rd i n co ur t . T h e ca s e fo r "ch a rge s " is i n a n y ca se sup p o r te d by t h e fa c t t h a t th e c a se s e t o u t i n th eE uro p e a n A r re s t W a r ra n t we re fo un d by o ur co ur t s to be e q u iv a le n t t o ch a rge s . T h i s wa s re l e v a n t t o e s t a b l isha s e x t ra d i ti o n i s n o t p e rm i t t e d fo r i n v e s t iga t i o n o r q ue s t i o n i n g bu t m us t be fo r t h e p urpo se s o f co n d uc t i n g ac r im in a l p ro se cu t i o n . T h e j ud gm e n t ( a t t a ch e d ) sa y s be t we e n p a ra g ra p h s 1 49 - 1 5 3 :

" The qu es t i on i ng i s no t f o r t he m er e i nves t i ga t ion o f a s u s pec t ,. . In o u r ju dg eme n t Mr A s s a ng e i s o n t hefac ts before th is cour t "accused" of the four of fen ces . . On the bas is of an in tense focus on the fac ts he i spla in ly accused. . . Pla in ly th is i s a case tha t has m oved f rom suspic ion to accusa t ion suppor ted by proof ." . we would no t f i nd i t d i f fi cult t o ho ld t ha t l ook ing a t wh a t has taken p lace in S weden tha t t he prose cut ionh a d co m m e n ce d . A l t h o ugh i t i s c le a r a d e c i s i o n h a s n o t be e n t a ke n t o ch a r ge h i m t h a t is be ca use un d e rSwed ish proced ure tha t de c is ion i s taken a la te s tage w i th the t r ia l fo l low ing qu ickly there af ter .. The re canb e no do u b t t ha t if wha t Mr A s s ang e had do ne ha d b een do ne i n E ng land an d W a l es , he w ou l d have b eenc ha r g ed . .. Look i ng a t it t h r ou gh c o s m opo l it an eyes o n t h i s b as i s c r i m i na l pr oc eed i ng s ha ve c om m enc e dagains t Mr Assange"

Mr Ass a n ge s a y s t h e se co n d a r t i c le i s i n co r re c t wh e re i t e xp la i n s t h e p o s t i n g o f a n e n c ry p t e d W ik il e a k s fi leo n t h e P i ra t e B a y s i t e o n 7 De ce m be r 2 01 0. O ur a r t ic l e sa y s , " It wa s n e v e r a p p a re n t l y r e a l ise d t h a t t h e f i le - se ti n c lud e d A ssa n ge s co p y o f a l l t h e c l a ss i fi e d U S ca b le s " . Mr Ass a n ge sa y s h e t o ld t h e G ua rd ia n i n a n i n t e rv ie wo n 3 D e ce m be r t h a t t h e e n c ry pt e d C a b le ga t e f il e h a d a l r e a d y be e n m i r ro re d " T h e i n t e rv i e w wa s a n o n l in e Q & Awi t h r e a d e rs i n wh i ch Mr A ssa n ge sa id : "T h e C a b le G a t e a r ch ive h a s be e n s p re a d , a lo n g w i t h s ign i fi ca n tm a t e r ia l fr o m t h e U S a n d o t h e r c o u n t r i e s t o o v e r 1 0 0 , 00 0 p e o p le i n e n c r y pt e d f o r m , I f s o m e t h i n g h a p p e n s t ous, the key par ts w i ll be re lea sed autom at ica l ly"W e be l i e v e h i s s t a t e m e n t r e fe r s t o t h e s o - ca l le d " i n sura n ce f il e ", wh i ch co u ld a p p a re n t ly be o p e n e d w i t h aun ique p a sswo rd k e y t h a t W ik i le a k s sa id i t pla n n e d t o r e l e a se i f W ik il e a k s go t t a ke n d o wn T h e d o cum e n tu p lo a d e d o n 7 D e c e m b e r , w h e n M r A s s a n g e w a s u n d e r a r re s t , w a s e n c r y pt e d b u t us e d t h e i n t e r n a lp a sswo rd s . A l th o ugh i t co n t a i n e d a l l t h e U S ca b le s , i t s a d i ffe re n t f il e .I n t he t h i rd a r t i c l e , M r A ss ang e o b jec t s t o b e ing des c r ib ed as a " fu g it i ve" from rape a l leg a t i ons . The a r t ic l e i sa n o p in i o n p i e c e a n d w e c o n t e n d t h e a u t h o r i s e n t it le d t o h e r v i e w t h a t M r A s s a n g e s v ig o r o u s a t t e m p t s t ore s i s t r e t u rn i n g t o Swe d e n , wh e re h e i s wa n t e d o v e r t h e a cc usa t i o n s , co n s t it u t e a v o id a n ce o f t h e j ud ic i a lp ro ce ss . In t h e f i r s t e x t ra d i t io n h e a r i n g , ch i e f m a g i s t ra t e Ho wa rd R id d le co n c lud e d : "I t wo u ld be a re a s o n a b lea ssum p t i o n t h a t Mr Assa n ge wa s d e l ibe ra t e ly a v o id i n g i n t e r ro ga t i o n be fo re h e l e f t Swe d e n . " Se e :h t tp :/ /w w w .g u ard ian ,co .u k /m ed ia /20 11 / feb /24 / ju li an -ass ang e -ex t rad i t ion -sw ede n-ve rd i c t M r A s s a n g e h a s o f fe r e d t o b e q u e s ti o n e d b y a v a r i e ty o f m e a n s t h a t d o n o t i n vo l ve g o i n g t o S w e d e n ( m e a n swh ich t h e B r i t ish j ud ge s sa id t h e y we re " fa r fr o m p e rsua d e d " we re p ra c t i ca b le ) bu t w i ll n o t su r re n d e r t op ro se cu t i o n .I n c o n c l u s io n w e s e e n o b r e a c h o f th e C o d e o n a n y o f th e c o u n t s m a d e b y M r A s s a n g e .K in d re ga rd s

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MOD100061270


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MOD100061272


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Neutral Citation Number: [201~ EWHC 2849 (Adln~

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICEQUEENS BENCH DIVISIONDIVISIONAL COURT

Case No: CO/1925/20 11

Royal Courts of JusticeStrand London WC2A 2LLWednesday 2 November 201 1

Before"THE PRESIDENT OF THE QUEENS BENCH DIVISION~SIR JOHN THOMAS)

andMR JUSTICE OUSELEY

Between :Julian Assange- and -Swedish Prosecution A uthority

_AppellantRespondent

Mr Ben Emmerson QC and Mr M Summers (instructed by Birnberg Peirce) for theAppellant

Ms Clare Montgomery QC, Mr A Watkins and Ms H Pye (instructed by CPS) for theRespondent

Hearing date: 12 and 13 July 2011Judgment Appro ved by the court

fo r handing dow n(subject to edito rial co rrections)You should send all) suggested amendments as a separate Word document. !

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153.

.: ":~ prosecution, the boundary betweenr-s~!c!za a:-. : . .- . . ~_;:-z--:--:. a_=:. .-: : :~: . : :: . : .= ?.ad be en cross ed. Lo oking a t the m atter~_-_,.,~,. o.. b,.m~ w anted fo r prosecution.

It is clear on the extrinsic e~ !deuce :>.at a decision has not been taken to charge him.Under the law of Sweden tha~ decision w!i[ only be made after he has been questionedagain. Under Swedish procedure that ,tecision is made at the conclusion of theinvestigation and. according to the evidence before the Senior District Judge, Thedefendant will then be given the right to examine all the documents relating to theCaSe.In our judgment, the fact that under the criminal procedure of Sweden he may berequired to answer further questions before a decision is made to charge him or thatthe fact that the full file has not yet been provided are not decisive. ][he fbnner is notan uncommon procedure on the contir~ent and many systems do not permit access tothe file until sometime after it is clear the person is accused of a~ offence. The factthat the Court of Appeal of Svea used the word %uspeeted" or that the prosecutor inher supplemental material has said he is "accused" takes the matter no farther. Thereal question is whether the fhct that it is clear that a final decision has not been madeto prosecute or charge Mr Assar~ge means that he is not "accused of the offence". Thequestion.lug is not for the mere investigation of a suspect, but to ensure that there is noproper basis for the accusation not to proceed swiftly to trial, where the fbcus is ]ike![yto be on what is admitted, denied or put on a different light in the answers to thequest ions.We do not see why looking at the matter through cosmopolitan eyes it cannot be said.that a person can be accused of an offence even though the decision has not finallybeen taken to prosecute or charge; Ismait makes clear one cmmot simply look at thematter as a common law-yer. In our judgment Mr Assange is on the facts before thiscourt "accused" of the four offences. There is a precise description in the EAW ofwhat he is said to have done. The extraneous evidence shows that there has been adetailed investigation, The evidence of the complainants AA and SW is clear as towhat he is said to have done as we have set out. On the basis of an intense ~[bcus onthe facts he is plainly accused. That is, as Lord Steyn said, decisive.As it is common ground that a criminal investigation about someones conduct is notsufficient to make a person a~ accused, a further way of addressing this broadquestion is to ask whether the case against him has moved from where he can be seenonly as a suspect where proof may be lacking or whether there is an accusationagainst him supported by proof: cf the distinction made by Lord Devlin in Hussein vChong Fook Kam [1970] AC 942 at 948. Plainly this is a case which has moved fromsuspicion to accusation supported by proofAlthough we have approached the mater by asking the broad question posed by LordSteyn as to w hether Mr Assange w as accused, i t wa s the submissio n of Mr Assangethat the court should as k the ques tion as ked by the Division al Court in Isma#, namelyw hether a step had been taken which could fairly be described as the comm enceme ntof the pros ecution. It is . irt our view , clear that whilst Lord Steyn appro ved thatapproa ch, it was no t the only approach to the question o f whether he wa s an accused.The issue was to be addressed broadly on the facts But, even if the court wasconstrained to de termine ~ vhether som eone wa s an a ccused by solely considerirtg the

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question of a?etiner :?,e prosecution had commenced, we would not find it difficult tohold that iookir~g at what has taken place in Sweden that the prosecution hadcommenced. Although it is dear a decision has not been taken to charge him, that isbecause, k:nder Swedish procedure, that decision [s taken at a late stage with the trialfollowing quickly thereafter. In England and Wales, a decision to charge is taken at avery earl?" stage; there can be no doubt that if what Mr Assange had done had beendone in England and Wales, he would have been charged and thus criminalproceedings would have been commenced If the commencement of crimina!proceed ings w ere to be v i ew ed as dependent on whether a person had been charged , i twould be to look at Swedish procedure through the narrowest of common law eyes.Looking at it through cosmopolitan eyes on this basis~ criminal proceedings havecomm enced aga ins t Mr Assange .

15 4. In out" view therefore, Mr Assange fa ils on the facts on this issue,Issue 4: Proportionality1 5 5 .

156.

Mr Assange submitted that even if under the EAW he was technically a personaccused of offences, it was disproportionate to seek his surrender under the EAW.That was because, as he had to be questioned before a decision was made or~prosecution, he had offered to be questioned over a video link. It would thereforehave been proportionate to question him in that way and to have reached a decision onw hether to charge him befo re ]ssuing the EAW oIt is clear from the Report of the European Commission on the Implementation of theFramework Decision (COM (2011) 175 Final, .1 t April 2011), that there was generalagreement between the Member States, as a result of the use of EAWs for minoroffences technically within the Framework Decision, that a proportionality check wasnecessary before a judicial authority in a Member State issued an EAW. Thisstatement was a strong reminder to judicial authorities in a Member Statecontemplating the issue of an EAW of the need to ensure that the EAW was not usedt:br minor offences. It is not a legal requirement. There is, however, almost universalagreement among prosecutors and judges across Europe that this reminder to conducta proport ionali ty check should be heede d belbre an EAW is i ssued,

~,,-v It was submitted on behalf of Mr Assange proportionality was also a requirement ofthe law on the following basis. The Framework Decision as an EU instrument issubject to the principle of proportionality; reliance was placed on the effect of theCharter of Fundamental Rights, R(]~ig) v NgttD [2010] EWCA Civ 990 and thedecision of the Higher Regional Court in Stuttgart in General Public ProsecutionService v C (25 Febmau 2010), as reported at [2010] Crim LR 474 by ProfessorsVogel and Spencer. We will assume that Mr Assanges argument that an EAW canonly be used where proportionate, complex as it is, is welt founded withoutlengthening the judgment stilI further to express a view on it.

1 5 8 , However, the argument fails on the facts. First, in this ease, the challenge to the issueof the warrant for the arrest of Mr Assange failed before the Court of Appeal of Svea.In those circumstances, taking into account the respect this court should accord thedecision of the Court of Appeal of Svea in relation to proceedings governed bySwedish procedural law. v,e do not consider the decision to issue the EAW could besa id to he dispropo rtionate .

Documents

Exhbit 1 to Submission of Julian Assange