Exercise Physiology, Anatomy

Cardiovascular system

Exercise PhysiologyBell Ringer

Think way back to year 1: Health occupations: Talk about these topics:What is flexibility, body compositionHow do you find fat free weightBrainstorm some fitness testing: (think of

what you do in fitness)

Exercise physiology

Vocab pgs 1-3

Exercise Physiology

Optimum FitnessIndependent work from packetUse pages 1-3

Exercise Physiology

Vocab!

Independently memorize Cardiovascular System Vocab box.

Exercise Physiology

Using pages 30-34 fill in the guided notes

Anatomy of the Heart Review! Label!

Physiology of the Cardiopulmonary System Heart basics:

R & L sides

4 chambers R side = venous blood Myocardium contracts,

blood to lungs Blood picks up oxygen

(hemoglobin) Oxy blood to L side While R side contracts L

side contracts and sends blood through aorta to rest of body

2 main circulatory patterns. Pulmonary:

Heart to lungs Systemic

Left ventricle to body and back

Cardiac Cycle: phases in the rhythmic pattern of cardiac contraction and relaxation

Physiology of the Cardiopulmonary System

Q (cardiac output) amount of blood that flows out of ventricles with each beat

R & L ventricle output is the same. L has greater force. WHY?

2 factors:

HR in bpm

Stroke volume (SV) in mL

SV: the amount of bl pumped from each ventricle each time the heart beats

Equation:

Q = HR X SV

Example: heart beats 60 times per min and 70 milliliters of blood are pumped each beat.

60 bpm x 70mL/beat = 4200mL/min

Physiology of the Cardiopulmonary System Ejection fraction:

blood in ventricle at the end of diastole.

At rest it is about 50%, the heart can supply enough oxygen for demands of body. Activity increases need for oxygen so it needs to empty the ventricle completely

Oxygen extraction at the Muscles

We need oxygen! Oxygen is in blood on hemoglobin. When we work we extract it from hemoglobin.

limitation to exercise performance is the capacity of the muscles to extract oxygen from the bloodstream to produce energy.

Bell Ringermatch optimum fitness Vocab to the definitions

A. ___ the number of repeated contractions a muscle or muscle group can perform against a resistance w/o fatigue

B. ___the max amount of force a muscle or muscle group can develop during a single contraction

C. ___ the ability of the heart, blood and lungs to deliver an adequate supply of oxygen to exercising muscle

D. ___ the sum of fat weight and fat free weight

E. ___ the amount of movement that can be accomplished at a joint

1. Cardiorespiratory endurance

2. Muscular strength

3. Muscular endurance

4. Flexibility

5. Body composition

Bell Ringer

1. Explain how our bodies get oxygen

2. Explain Q and how it works.

3. Put blood in order:

____ blood discharges o2 and binds to CO2 in body

____ blood enter the right side of the heart

____ blood enters the left side of the heart

____ blood enters the systemic veins

____ blood enters the systemic arteries

____ blood enters the pulmonary arteries

____ blood enters the pulmonary veins

Exercise Physiology

Vocab:Work with a buddy Using pages 6-8

ATP: energy production in cells ATP

Stands for adenosine triphosphate: its where we get our energy

The body uses Fat and CHO (glucose) as the 2 primary substances to produce ATP

When client is at rest ATP is mostly produced with fat and CHO because oxygen is available

With activity, body demands to much oxygen and muscle cannot keep up. Anaerobic system kicks in to rapidly produce ATP (by using glucose and creatine phosphate

ATP: energy production in cells con’t

Ae

robic

•w/oxygen•Most dominant•Greater the # of mitochondria the greater the aerobic energy production

An

aerobic

•w/o oxygen•Primary system when oxygen is depleted•Occurs inside the cell but OUTSIDE the mitochondria

Creatine phosph

ate

•Also used when oxygen is depleted•Limited supply•10 sec of max effort

Supply of energy (ATP) comes from 1 of 3 pathways

Exercise PhysiologyEnergy production in cells

Enzymes:

Carry out chemical reactions that produce ATP both aerobically and anaerobically

Below the anaerobic threshold = aerobic enzymes metabolize fat and carbs

Exercise above anaerobic threshold = anaerobic enzymes take over

AEROBIC TRAINING WILL LEAD TO AN INCREASED CAPACITY TO BURN FAT

ATP: energy production in cellsCONCLUSION

AEROBIC CELL USES FATTY ACIDS AND GLUCOSE TO PRODUCE ATP

AEROBIC PRODUCES MORE ATP THAN ANAEROBIC SYSTEMS (fat yields 9 calories of energy per gram)

END PRODUCTS (BYPRODUCTS) OF AEROBIC SYSTEM (THE WASTE) IS WATER AND CO2, THE BODY CAN GET RID OF THOSE SUPER EASY!

ANAEROBIC SYSTEMS USE GLUCOSE AND PHOSPHAGEN

ANAEROBIC SYSTEM PRODUCES LESS ATP

ANAEROBIC SYSTEM BYPRODUCTS = LACTIC ACID ACID, HEAT, HYDROGEN IONS

Aerobic Capacity: Vo2 max:

Total capacity to consume oxygen at the cellular level

2 factors: Delivery of oxygen to the working muscle by the blood (Q) The ability to extract the oxygen from the blood at the

capillaries and use it in the mitochondria.

Formula: VO2 max = (cardiac output max) x (oxygen extraction max)

Measured in mL o2/kg/min

Formula: VO2 max = (cardiac output max) x (oxygen extraction max)Measured in mL o2/kg/min

Resting VO2Example: client weighs 154 lb (divide by 2.2 for kg). RHR is 60 bpm, SV is 70mL/beat, oxygen extraction is 6mL O2/100mL of blood. Then resting VO2 is:

Vo2 = (60bpm x 70mL/beat)

x (6mL o2/100ml blood)

= 252 mL o2/min

Divide by weight in kg = resting Vo2

VO2 Max (for exercise)Example: HR 180bpm, SV 115mL/beat, oxygen extraction of 15mL o2/100mL blood.

Vo2Max = (180 bpm x 115mL/blood)

x (15 mL o2/100mL blood)

= 3,105 mL o2/min

Divide by weight in kg = 44.4 mL/kg/minWHAT DOES THIS MEAN????????

Formula: VO2 max = (cardiac output max) x (oxygen extraction max)Measured in mL o2/kg/min

Resting VO2Example: client weighs 154 lb (divide by 2.2 for kg). RHR is 60 bpm, SV is 70mL/beat, oxygen extraction is 6mL O2/100mL of blood. Then resting VO2 is:

Vo2 = (60bpm x 70mL/beat)

x (6mL o2/100ml blood)

= 252 mL o2/min

Divide by weight in kg = resting Vo2

VO2 Max (for exercise)Example: HR 180bpm, SV 115mL/beat, oxygen extraction of 15mL o2/100mL blood.

Vo2Max = (180 bpm x 115mL/blood)

x (15 mL o2/100mL blood)

= 3,105 mL o2/min

Divide by weight in kg = 44.4 mL/kg/minWHAT DOES THIS MEAN????????

Cardiovascular response to Exercise Changes in Oxygen Delivery Increase in HR and SV

WHY? In order to increase the delivery of oxygen to working muscles HOW? Blood flow is shut off from the abdominal area to the

exercising musclesVasodilation of arterial vessels that go to muscles,

vasoconstriction to the abdominal area SBP during exercise: blood pressure changes, it’s the contraction

phase. So better condition of the heart muscle (myocardium) the more efficient the contraction.

Diastolic pressure during exercise: should stay the same of even decrease.

Why do we want these changes? Body’s way of trying to deliver more oxygen to the exercising muscles. Get ATP to mitochondria!

Cardiovascular response to Exercise Changes in Cardiac Output In Response to aerobic

training: increased aerobic capacity (Vo2)

Increased aerobic capacity causes: 1. decrease RHR

(ventricles hold more blood)

2. SV increases 3. Q is maintained at

lower HR 4. heart beats fewer

times

Changes in Oxygen Extraction

1. New capillaries: produced in the active skeletal muscles, increasing area for oxygen exchange

Importance? Leads to increase in amount of aerobic enzyme activity in the cell, more efficient mitochondria!

2. increase in: Q

which increases: aerobic capacity

which increases: ability to make ATP

Cardiovascular response to Exercise Increased maximum___Q__ + increased ___extraction

capability_____ = 1. greater maximum aerobic capacity 2. elevated anaerobic threshold Ability to produce ATP = More “fit” client and

greater ability to burn fat

  Submaximal exercise changes:

Body uses more fatty acids for ATP production Stores more glycogen in trained muscles and

produces less lactic acid

Cardiovascular response to ExerciseREVIEW

Put a I if there is a increase, D if there is a decrease and NC if there is no change during a single bout of exercise. Your response is based on a healthy client.

a. ____ systolic blood pressure

b. ____ diastolic blood pressure

c. ____ blood flow to the abdominal area

d. ____ amount of peripheral resistance in the vascular system

e. ____ ATP production