Exercise 5, ANP Ch 4 Integumentary Syst

8/14/2019 Exercise 5, ANP Ch 4 Integumentary Syst

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Integumentary SystemIntegumentary SystemChapter 5Chapter 5


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This system is divided intoThis system is divided into

SkinSkin

HairHair GlandsGlands

NailsNails

Nerve endingsNerve endings

I) SkinI) Skin

- Skin is an organ because it consists- Skin is an organ because it consistsof different tissues that are joined toof different tissues that are joined to

perform a specific functionperform a specific function


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- Largest organ of the body in surfaceLargest organ of the body in surfacearea and weight.area and weight.

- Dermatology: medical specialtyDermatology: medical specialtyconcerning the diagnosis andconcerning the diagnosis andtreatment of skin disorders.treatment of skin disorders.

Anatomy (layers):Anatomy (layers):

1-1- EpidermisEpidermis: thin outer layer: thin outer layer

2-2-

DermisDermis

: thicker connective tissue: thicker connective tissue

3-3- HypodermisHypodermis: subcutaneous: subcutaneous

4- Muscle and bone4- Muscle and bone


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Physiology:Physiology:- ProtectionProtection

-Physical barrier that protects-Physical barrier that protectsunderlying tissues from injury, UVunderlying tissues from injury, UVlight and bacterial invasion.light and bacterial invasion.

- Regulation of body temp.Regulation of body temp.

- high temp. pores open sweat- high temp. pores open sweat

comes to surface and is evaporated.comes to surface and is evaporated.

- vasodilation: incr. blood flow- vasodilation: incr. blood flow

- vasoconstriction: decr. blood flow- vasoconstriction: decr. blood flow


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- Sensation:Sensation:

- nerve endings and receptors that- nerve endings and receptors that

detect pain, touch, pressure anddetect pain, touch, pressure andtemp.temp.

PPacinian corpuscles:acinian corpuscles: p

pressureressure

Meissners corpuscle: light touchMeissners corpuscle: light touch- Excretion:Excretion:

- sweat removes water, salts, uric- sweat removes water, salts, uric

acid and ammonia from bodyacid and ammonia from bodysurface.surface.

- Synthesis of Vit. D (calciferol)Synthesis of Vit. D (calciferol)

- UV light stimulates skin to make- UV light stimulates skin to make

Vit. D.Vit. D.


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Epidermis:Epidermis:

- stratified squamous epithelium- stratified squamous epithelium

- production of keratin- production of keratin- waterproofing- waterproofing

- melanocytes- melanocytes

- cells that produce melanin- cells that produce melanin- brown/black pigment- brown/black pigment

- Albino: lack of melanin with- Albino: lack of melanin with

vision problemsvision problems- composed of five layers- composed of five layers


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1- Stratum corneum1- Stratum corneum

- dead cells filled with keratin- dead cells filled with keratin

2- Stratum lucidum2- Stratum lucidum- clear layer- clear layer

3- Stratum granulosum3- Stratum granulosum

4- Stratum spinosum4- Stratum spinosum

5- Stratum basale:5- Stratum basale:

- melanocytes present- melanocytes present- UV radiation causes incr. in melanin- UV radiation causes incr. in melaninproductionproduction

- Basement membrane- Basement membrane


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Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Stratumspinosum

Stratumgranulosum

Stratumbalase


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Dermis:Dermis:

- connective tissue layer- connective tissue layer

- blood vessels, nerves, glands and- blood vessels, nerves, glands andhair follicles.hair follicles.

- Glands:- Glands:

1)1) Sebaceous glands (oil glands)Sebaceous glands (oil glands)

- connected to hair follicle- connected to hair follicle- secretes sebum (acne)- secretes sebum (acne)

2)2) Sudoriferous (sweat glands)Sudoriferous (sweat glands)- empties secretions on skin- empties secretions on skin

surfacesurface

- exocrine gland: ducts (tubes)- exocrine gland: ducts (tubes)


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a) Eccrine sweat glandsa) Eccrine sweat glands

- located in palms and soles of- located in palms and soles of

feet (sweaty palms).feet (sweaty palms).

- sweat is watery- sweat is watery

b) Apocrine sweat glandsb) Apocrine sweat glands

- armpit and pubic region- armpit and pubic region

- viscid milky fluid- viscid milky fluid


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3 Ceruminous glands3 Ceruminous glands

- located in ear- located in ear- waxy substance called cerumen- waxy substance called cerumen


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HypodermisHypodermis

- composed of adipose (fat) and blood- composed of adipose (fat) and blood

vessels.vessels.- padding and insulation- padding and insulation

- cutaneous nerve- cutaneous nerve

HairHair- Seen over entire body except:Seen over entire body except: --

- soles of feet- soles of feet

- palms of hands- palms of hands- lips- lips

- sides of fingers and toes- sides of fingers and toes


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- Hair root is calledHair root is called papilla.papilla.

- Protects us from UV lightProtects us from UV light

- InsulationInsulation- PaddingPadding

- Filter out foreign debrisFilter out foreign debris

- Small muscle is attached to hairSmall muscle is attached to hairshaft called arrector pilishaft called arrector pili

- goose bumps.- goose bumps.

- Alopecia: baldness- Alopecia: baldness


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Nails:Nails:

- Produced by cells in the epidermis- Produced by cells in the epidermis

- Nail plate (body): visible portion- Nail plate (body): visible portion

- Nail root: located under cuticle- Nail root: located under cuticle

- Lunula: half moon crescent shaped- Lunula: half moon crescent shaped

white portion under cuticlewhite portion under cuticle

- Nail bed: located under nail plate- Nail bed: located under nail plate

- Hypoxia: decr. oxygen in blood,- Hypoxia: decr. oxygen in blood,nail bed will turnnail bed will turn

blue-blue- cyanosiscyanosis


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DermatopathologyDermatopathology Burns:Burns:

destroy skin tissuedestroy skin tissue

- loss of water (plasma)- loss of water (plasma)

- bacterial infection- bacterial infection

First degreeFirst degree: surface epidermis: surface epidermismild erythema (sunburn)mild erythema (sunburn)

Second degreeSecond degree: entire epidermis and: entire epidermis andpart of dermispart of dermis

pain, edema, blisterpain, edema, blister

Third degreeThird degree: epidermis and dermis: epidermis and dermis

- nerve damage- nerve damage


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Rule of NinesRule of Nines

Refers to percentage of body partsRefers to percentage of body partsthat are burned upon initialthat are burned upon initial

examination.examination.


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Decubitus ulcer:Decubitus ulcer:

- Bed sore- Bed sore

- deficiency of blood flow over a bony- deficiency of blood flow over a bonyprominence that has been subjectedprominence that has been subjected

to prolonged pressure (bed, splint orto prolonged pressure (bed, splint or

cast).cast).- Turn pt. frequently.Turn pt. frequently.

Impetigo:Impetigo:

- Highly contagious condition caused- Highly contagious condition caused

by a staph or strep infectionby a staph or strep infection


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ImpetigoImpetigo


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- Starts out red then turns to a crustyStarts out red then turns to a crusty

yellow.yellow.

- Can be life threatening.Can be life threatening.

Warts:Warts:

- Papilloma virusPapilloma virus

- Direct contactDirect contact

Eczema:Eczema:

- most common inflammatory skin- most common inflammatory skin

disorder.disorder.


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- GeneticGenetic

- 10% develop from food allergies10% develop from food allergies

- Mostly seen behind the knees,Mostly seen behind the knees,

behind the ears and on the elbows.behind the ears and on the elbows.

Scleroderma:Scleroderma:

- hard skinhard skin

-

Autoimmune disorderAutoimmune disorder- Mask like appearanceMask like appearance

- Sclerodactyl (loss of fingerprints)Sclerodactyl (loss of fingerprints)


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T t tTurgor test:


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Turgor test:Turgor test:

This test is used to determine if aThis test is used to determine if apatient has is dehydrated.patient has is dehydrated.

Lightly pinch skin and release.Lightly pinch skin and release.- skin stays up: dehydration- skin stays up: dehydration

- skin snaps down: normal- skin snaps down: normal

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Exercise 5, ANP Ch 4 Integumentary Syst