Executive Summary (Final report (Final report summary...Executive Summary (Final report ) th ... Energy audit and energy conservation in-class training ... hydropower plant and solar

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Promotion on energy efficiency and conservation for Lao PDR

underunderENERGY COOPERATION PROJECT BETWEEN THAILAND AND LAO PDR

Executive SummaryExecutive Summary(Final report(Final report ))

th

(Final report(Final report ))

Contract number 240/51 dated 28th May 2008

Energy Management and Conservation Office

KHON KAEN UNIVERSITYEnergy Management and Conservation Office

KHON KAEN UNIVERSITYByBy

Executive summary Final report : Energy Cooperation Project between Thailand and Loa PDR

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Energy management conservation office, Khon kaen university

Executive summary

The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), Ministry of Energy has been assigned to be a main organization responsible for the Energy Cooperation Project between the Kingdom of Thailand and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) titled “Promotion on Energy Efficiency and Conservation for Lao PDR”. DEDE contracted Energy Management and Conservation Office of Khon Kaen University (EMCO) to carry out the Project (Contract number 240/51 dated 28th May 2008). This final report is prepared for the Energy Cooperation Project between the Kingdom of Thailand and the Lao PDR by Energy Management and Conservation Office (EMCO) of Khon Kaen University. This report presents the activities that have been done in the project. The details of the activities can be summarized below.

1. The general information of the Lao PDR 2. Energy information for the Lao PDR 3. Estimation of energy use and energy production in the future 4. Energy savings potential for the Lao PDR 5. Energy audit and energy conservation in-class training 6. The site-visit training in Thailand 7. On the job training in Lao PDR 8. The preparation of energy audit and energy conservation manuals 9. Recommended energy conservation policy 10. Seminar of project results 11. Conclusion

The details of each item are presented as follows:

1. The general information of the Lao PDR The latitude of the Lao PDR is between 14 to 23 degree north. Its longitude is between 100 to 108 degree east with the area of 91,429 square mile or 236,800 square kilometer. 80 percents of the area are the mountain and highland. These areas consist of tropical forests and mines. 20 percents of the area are land. There are 3 seasons in the Lao PDR; summer, raining season and winter. The Lao PDR has a population of 6,521,998 in 2007. There are 3,324,569 males and 3,287,429 females in 982,485 families. The Lao PDR has divided into 16 provinces and 1 capital city which is Vientiane. There are 139 districts and 9,113 villages. In 2006 the Lao PDR had a Gross Domestic Product at Current Market Prices (GDP) of 35,407,259.8 million kips. The GDP in 2006 increased from 2005 which had a GDP value of 30,954,085.4 million kips by 4,813,174 million kips or 15.72 percents increased. The GDP of the Lao PDR is expected to be increased as the result


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ktoeHydropower

43,370.26, 16%

Biogas95.42, 0%

Fuel wood28,075.50, 10%

Solar energy204,041.28

74%

Hydropower

43,370.26, 16%

Biomass

28,075.50, 10%

Solar Energy

204,041.28

74%

Biogas

78.31, 0%

of the grow rate of the economic in business, investment, commercial, tourist and industrial sectors. These will increase the energy use of the Lao PDR. However, at present the Lao PDR has not had energy development plan. As a result, the energy development may not be effective. The result of the project can be and for suggest the energy plan which improves the efficiency of energy use and energy supplies for the Lao PDR.

2. Energy information for the Lao PDR a) Energy production potential of the Lao PDR

The Lao PDR does not have energy production potential from fossil fuel as there is no oilfield in the country. However, the Lao PDR has high potential to produce renewable energy as there are enormous natural resources used to produce energy such as biomass, biogas, hydropower plant and solar energy. The total of energy production potential for the Lao PDR is 275,565.35 ktoe (kilo ton of oil equivalent). Most of the energy production potential comes from solar energy of 204,041.28 ktoe which is 74.04 percents of the total amount as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Ratio of energy production potential of the Lao PDR Total 275,582.47 ktoe

b) Energy production of the Lao PDR

In 2006, the Lao PDR produced energy of 2,137 ktoe. Most of energy generated from biomass (1,260.50) ktoe which was 59 percents. 796.61 ktoe was produced from hydropower plant which was 37 percents. The rest was produced from charcoal and solar energy as shown in Figure 2.


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ktoe

Charcoal80.276, 4%

Solar energy0.221, 0%

Hydropower796.614, 37%

Fuel wood1,260.501

59%

Figure 2 Ratio of energy production of the Lao PDR in 2006

Total 2,137.61ktoe

c) Energy consumption of the Lao PDR In 2006, the Lao PDR consumed energy in the total amount of 2,058.08 ktoe. In terms of the energy type, it was found that the use of renewable energy (biomass) was the largest which was equal to 1,340.78 ktoe or 65 percents of energy use. The energy use from fossil fuel and electricity were equal to 470.21 and 247.09 ktoe or 23 and 12 percents respectively as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Energy consumption classify by energy type

of the Lao PDR in 2006

ktoe

Electricity247.09, 12%

Fossil fuel 470.21, 23%Renewable

energy(Fuel wood )1340.78, 65%


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ktoe

Agriculture9.75, 0%

Transportation417.63, 20%

Commercial & Service

279.65, 14%

Industrial162.59, 8%

Residential1,188.47, 58%

Considering the energy use classify by the users, it was found that the residential sector was the largest energy consumer which was 1,188.47 ktoe or 58 percents. Transportation had consumed 471.63 ktoe which is 20 percents of the total energy use as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 Energy consumption classify by consumer type of the Lao PDR in 2006

Table 1 presents the energy consumption classified by energy type and consumer type. It was shown that fossil fuel was mainly used in transportation. Electricity was used mainly in residential sector. Renewable energy was also mainly used in residential sector. Table 1 energy consumption classified by energy type and consumer type

Sector energy consumption (ktoe)

Fossil Fuel Electricity Renewable

energy Total

Industrial 51.62 57.10 53.87 162.59 Commercial 0.0013 55.33 224.32 279.65 Transportation 417.63 0.00 0.00 417.63 Agricultural 0.96 8.79 0.00 9.75 Residential 0.0008 125.87 1,062.59 1,188.47

Total 470.21 247.09 1,340.78 2,058.08

Figure 5 shows the energy consumption separated by the usage area. The capital city, Vientiane capital was consumed the largest amount of energy. Vientiane capital consumed 555.7 million kilowatt-hours or 123.11 ktoe which was 49.87 percents of the total of electricity use in the Lao PDR. Vientiane and Savannakhet


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consumed 119.2 and 105.1 million kilowatt-hours or 26.41 and 23.28 ktoe respectively.

0.18

0.45 1.47 2.25 10

.02

1.60 5.31

2.56

26.4

1

8.67 15

.90

23.2

8

5.39

0.45

18.9

8

0.85

123.11

0.000

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

140.000

Vientiane Cap.

Phongsaly

Luangmantha

Oudomxay

Bokeo

Luangprabang

Huaphanh

Xayabury

Xiengkhuang

Vientiane

Borikhamxay

Khamm

uane

Savannakhet

Savavane

Xekong

Champachak

Attapeu

ktoe

Figure 5 Electricity use in the provinces of the Lao PDR in 2006

3. Estimation of energy use and energy production in the future

From the study of energy production potential of the Lao PDR, it is found that the Lao PDR has energy production potential of 275,582.47 ktoe. The energy production potential mostly comes from solar energy (74.04%), hydro energy (16%) and biomass (10%) as shown in Figure 1. However, in terms of the possibility hydro energy and biomass have high possibility to be used. The total amount of energy production potential from hydro energy and biomass is 71,445.76 ktoe which is sufficient for the energy use of the Lao PDR in the present. In 2006, the Lao PDR consumed energy in the total amount of 2,058.08 ktoe. However, the fossil fuel has to be imported as there is no oilfield in Lao PDR. To predict the energy use in the future for the Lao PDR, Linear regression was introduced. From the energy use in 2002-2006, it was found the relation of energy use and time is given by y = 73.2x + 1,692.3, when y is an energy use (ktoe) and x is time. By using the given equation, the energy use in 2013 can be forecasted. The energy use of 2,570.7 ktoe is predicted for 2013. The energy use is increased in the rate of 3.17 percents in each year as shown in Figure 6.


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Figure 6 Prediction of energy use of the Lao PDR in 2002-2013

4. Energy savings potential for the Lao PDR As shown in Figure 4, the total energy consumption of Lao PDR was 2,058.08 ktoe in 2006. The residential sector was the largest energy consumer. The recommended energy conservation measures should be focused on residential sector. Three selected energy conservation measures, which are house-keeping measure (no investment or very small investment), are listed below.

1) The reduction of 1 light bulb use for each household. 2) The replacement of high efficiency stove 3) The installation of fuel saving device in an automobile

By implementation of the 3 selected measures, the energy savings of 142.30 ktoe is estimated which is equal to 6.91% of the total energy consumption of Lao PDR. The details of energy savings classified by type of consumer are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Energy savings potential of Lao PDR

Type of consumer Energy savings potential (ktoe)

1. Residential sector 2. Transportation 3. Commercial and service 4. Industry

86.26 34.41

15.92 5.71

Total 142.30 5. Energy audit and energy conservation in-class training

EMCO had collected and studied the material and handbook related to energy conservation that published by DEDE to set up energy audit and energy conservation training program. The contents of the training program mainly come from the “Value Engineering” project. The in-class training was conducted for 7 days which consisted of 5 days in theoretical training and 2 days of practical training. This will ensure that the trainees understand the contents of the training and are ready to conduct an energy


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audit in the buildings and factories. The contents of the in-class training can be summarized as follows : Part 1 Energy conservation management ( 5 topics) 1.1 Energy conservation and Global warming 1.2 Energy conservation management 1.3 Strategies in energy conservation 1.4 The analysis of an investment and evaluation of energy conservation projects 1.5 The investigation of energy savings from energy conservation

Part 2 Goal setting and planning of energy conservation ( 3 topics) 2.1 The planning and preparation for energy audit in buildings and factories 2.2 The techniques in Operating energy measure instruments. 2.3 How to conduct a report of energy conservation planning and energy conservation measures

Part 3 The conservation of electricity ( 5 topics) 3.1 Energy conservation measure in electrical equipments 3.2 Energy conservation measure in lighting system 3.3 Energy conservation measure in transformers 3.4 Energy conservation measure in motor 3.5 Power factor improvement of the electrical transformer

Part 4 The conservation of heating energy ( 6 topics) 4.1 Energy conservation measure in refrigeration and air- conditioning system 4.2 Energy conservation measure in combustion 4.3 Energy conservation measure in boiler and steam generator 4.4 Wasted heat recovery 4.5 Energy conservation measure in Air compressor 4.6 Energy conservation measure in Dryer

Part 5 Good practice in energy conservation for buildings and factories

The in-class training was conducted for 7 days at Novotel hotel, Vientiane, Lao PDR on 18th – 26th August 2008. There were 53 trainees which consisted of 51 males and 2 females. The average age of the trainees is 34.20 years old. The average working experience is 9.11 years. Most of the trainees are finished Batchelor degree in electrical engineering and come from 19 organizations such as Department of Electricity, Electric du laos, Lao National University, business buildings and factories. In the in-class training, EMCO had asked the trainees to conduct a pre-test and a post-test which consisted of 60 questions. It was found that the average score of the trainees of the pre-test was 15.45 from a total score of 60. After finished the in-class training, the average score of the post-test was 30.28. Therefore, it can be concluded that the trainees have improve their knowledge related energy audit and energy conservation.


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Moreover, EMCO also conducted an evaluation of the trainers and the overall in-class training. The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Evaluation results of the trainers and overall in-class training

Evaluation topic Excellent (5)

Good (4)

Pass (3)

Poor (2)

Very Poor (1)

Trainers 18.10 57.14 23.16 1.25 0.03 Contents of the in-class training 19.05 65.47 14.29 1.19 0.00 Overall of the in-class training 27.02 52.86 16.43 2.10 0.52

6. The site-visit training in Thailand EMCO organized site-visit training in Thailand during 1st – 3rd September

2008. The main objective of the training is to show the trainees the good practices in energy conservation of buildings and factories in Thailand. There were 19 trainees from Lao PRD and 6 staffs member involved in the training. The site-visit training activities were shown in Table 4.

Table 4 the site visit training schedule and place

Date Duration Place Type of site Province

1st September,

2008

09.00 am -12.00 pm. Display Center Technologies

display center Patum Thani

13.00 pm. -16.00 pm. Mini Plant Training building Patum Thani

2nd September,

2008

09.00 am -11.00 am.

Panasonic Sew Sales (Thailand) Co Ltd Official Building Bangkok

13.00 pm. -16.00 pm.

Pan Asia Industrial Co Ltd Plastic industry Bangkok

3rd September,

2008

09.00 am -11.00 am.

Bangkok Ratchasima Hospital Hospital building

Nakon Ratchasima

13.00 pm. -16.00 pm.

Khon Kaen Brewery Co Ltd Food industry Khon Kaen

7. On the job training in Thailand EMCO organized energy audit and energy conservation training for the

participants. The practical training was prepared to ensure that the participants are able to conduct an energy audit and implement energy conservation measures in buildings and factories. The preparation procedure is presented as follows.

1. Selection of participated buildings and factories The participated buildings and factories were selected to ensure the variety of the energy use, energy tools and industrial processes. The owners of the participated buildings and factories should also promote energy conservation. The selected buildings and factories are presented in Table 5


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Table 5 Participated buildings and factories

No. Name of buildings and factories Type

1 Wattay International Airport Office building

2 Main Building of MEM Office building

3 Rattana Business Administration College(RBAC) Education

4 MAHOSOT Hospital Hospital

5 NOVOTEL (Hotel) Hotel

6 Laos Asia Pacific Breweries LTD. Food

7 Pan Motor Factory Metal

8 Vientiane Steel Factory Metal

9 Lao Tobacco Factory Food

10 Lao Soft Drink Co.,LTD Food

2. The practical training was conducted under supervision of energy experts

from EMCO. Energy audit in 10 selected buildings and factories was conducted for 3 days per building or factory. Every visit the energy audited team is supervised by 4 energy experts from EMCO. The energy audited team consists of 33 participations. 20 of them come from Lao PDR. The rest come from Thailand. The details of each visit can be summarized as follows.

2.1 The 1st energy audited visit The first visit was to acquire general information of the buildings and factories. The capacity of the transformer and the ratio of energy use were collected as shown in Table 6.


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Table 6 Electrical transformer capacity and ratio of energy use

No. Name of buildings/factories Capacity of transformer

(kVA)

Energy ratio (Electrical energy : Thermal energy)

1 Wattay International Airport 3,500 100 : 0

2 Main Building of MEM 250 100 : 0

3 Rattana Business Administration College 315 100 : 0

4 MAHOSOT Hospital 2,400 100 : 0

5 NOVOTEL (Hotel) 3,000 95.38 : 4.62

6 Laos Asia Pacific Breweries LTD. 2,815 39.74 : 60.26

7 Pan Motor Factory 160 100 : 0

8 Vientiane Steel Factory 10,550 24.92 : 75.08

9 Lao Tobacco Factory 2,250 53.32 : 46.68

10 Lao Soft Drink Co.,LTD 750 29.95 : 70.05

Table 7 Audited system

No. Name of buildings/factories Audit system

Transformer and motor Boiler Refigeration and

air-conditioning Air

compressor Lighting Other

1 Wattay International Airport - - - 2 Main Building of MEM - - -

3 Rattana Business Administration College - - -

4 MAHOSOT Hospital ¡ ¡ - 5 NOVOTEL (Hotel) ¡ - -

6 Laos Asia Pacific Breweries LTD. -

7 Pan Motor Factory - ¡ 8 Vientiane Steel Factory - ¡ 9 Lao Tobacco Factory -

10 Lao Soft Drink Co.,LTD - Remark Presented and energy audit was undertaken

¡ Present, but and energy audit was not undertaken

- Not Exist


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2.2 The 2nd Energy audited visit The 2nd visit consisted of detailed audit in energy management, boiler, refrigeration and air conditioning system, air compressor etc. The energy savings potential of the energy conservation measures was estimated.

2.3 The 3rd Energy audited visit

The 3rd visit was to present energy conservation measures. The details of energy conservation measures were given in the draft of energy audited report.

3. Energy audited report

Energy audited report consists of general information, energy use and energy conservation measures of the buildings and factories. From energy audit of the 10 buildings and factories, it was found that the total energy savings potential is 3,113,349,004.77 kip. The total investment of energy conservation measures is 4,859,311,667.10 kip. The payback period of 1.56 year is expected. The details of energy savings potential are presented in Table 8.

Table 8 Energy savings potential and investment of energy conservation measures

No. Name of buildings/factories

Number of energy

conservation measures

Energy conservation measures

Saving (Kip) Investment (Kip)

Payback period (year)

1 Wattay International Airport 6 220,346,830.40 395,363,500.00 1.79

2 Main Building of MEM 9 86,814,376.76 216,005,310.00 2.49

3 Rattana Business Administration College

7 36,558,768.20 45,967,650.00 1.26

4 MAHOSOT Hospital 6 634,379,228.56 1,842,359,364.20 2.9

5 NOVOTEL (Hotel) 10 733,117,091.47 1,052,365,745.40 1.44

6 Laos Asia Pacific Breweries LTD.

5 128,983,340.14 907,831,872.50 7.04

7 Pan Motor Factory 1 7,851,918.14 0.00 0

8 Vientiane Steel Factory 9 42,385,837.17 38,190,625.00 0.9

9 Lao Tobacco Factory 7 234,902,193.50 42,532,750.00 0.18

10 Lao Soft Drink Co.,LTD 10 988,009,420.47 318,514,850.00 0.32

Total 70 3,113,349,004.81 4,859,131,667.10 1.56


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boiler, 7, 10.00%transformer and motor,

13, 18.57%

Refigeration and air-

conditioning, 28, 48.28%

air compressor, 2, 2.86%

lighting, 18, 25.71%

other, 2, 2.86%

Figure 7 Number of energy conservation measures

Figure 7 shows the number of energy conservation measures separated by type of energy consumption system. It is shown that most of energy conservation measures come from air-conditioning system, 28 measures which is 48.28%. 18 energy conservation measures come from lighting system. The energy savings potential can be separated by type of energy use. From energy audit of 10 buildings and factories, the energy savings potential is mainly from electricity. The energy savings potential in electrical system is 10,286.98 GJ/y which is 17.15% of electrical energy consumption. The energy savings potential in thermal energy is 4,823.56 GJ/y which is 7.76% of thermal energy consumption. The total energy savings potential for the 10 buildings and factories is 15,110.54 GJ/y which is 12.37% of the total energy consumption as shown in Table 9.


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Table 9 Energy savings potential

No. Name of

buildings/factories

Energy consumption Energy savings potential

Electrical Thermal Total Electrical Thermal Total Electric

al Thermal Total

GJ GJ %

1 Wattay International Airport 6,002.70 - 6,002.70 1,064.41 - 1,064.41 17.73 - 17.73

2 Main Building of MEM 864.20 - 864.20 435.54 - 435.54 50.40 - 50.40

3 Rattana Business Administration College(RBAC) 714.87 - 714.87 148.3 - 148.30 20.75 - 20.75

4 MAHOSOT Hospital 13,950.77 - 13,950.77 3741 - 3,741.00 26.82 - 26.82

5 NOVOTEL (Hotel) 8,349.91 404.03 8,753.94 3,553.06 - 3,553.06 42.55 - 40.59

6 Laos Asia Pacific Breweries LTD. 7,008.45 10,629.40 17,637.85 718.54 77.29 795.83 10.25 0.73 4.51

7 Pan Motor Factory 122.93 - 122.93 - - - - - -

8 Vientiane Steel Factory 11,570.40 34,855.21 46,425.61 119.74 160.81 280.55 1.03 0.46 0.6

9 Lao Tobacco Factory 7,406.28 6,483.01 13,889.29 248.11 1,024.37 1,272.48 3.35 15.8 9.16

10 Lao Soft Drink Co.,LTD 3,993.84 9,753.64 13,747.48 258.28 3,561.09 3,819.37 6.47 36.51 27.78

รวม 59,984.35 62,125.29 122,109.64 10,286.98 4,823.56 15,110.54 17.15 7.76 12.37

For all of energy conservation measures in the project, energy conservation

measures can be classified into 3 group using the payback period. The first group is energy conservation measures that have payback period less than 1 year namely “short payback period energy conservation measures”. The second group is energy conservation measures that have payback period between 1-3 years .namely ‘medium payback period energy conservation measures”. The third group is energy conservation measures that have payback period longer than 3 years namely “long payback period energy conservation measures”. All energy conservation measures can be summarized as follows.

Table 10 Conclusion of recommended energy conservation measures in the project

No. Energy conservation

measures Number of measures

Savings (Kip) Investment (Kip) Payback Period

(year)

1 Short payback period 39 2,167,114,206.45 266,857,675.00 0.12

2 Medium payback period 11 263,564,275.77 510,368,534.60 1.94

3 Long payback period 20 682,670,522.59 4,081,905,457.50 5.98

รวม 70 3,113,349,004.81 4,859,131,667.10 1.56

From Table 10, it was shown that for 10 buildings and factories participated in the project have number of short payback period energy conservation measures of 39 measures, which have energy savings of 2,167,114,206.45 Kip with an investment of 4,859,131,667.10 Kip. The payback period of 0.12 year is estimated.


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8. The preparation of energy audit and energy conservation manuals Energy audit and energy conservation manuals are important to the sustainable of energy conservation in Lao PDR. EMCO had collected and studied the material and handbook related to energy conservation that published by DEDE to prepare energy audit and energy conservation manuals. The energy audit and conservation manuals are prepared for 3 main groups namely 1) buildings 2) factories and 3) residential sectors. The energy audit and energy conservation manuals consist of:

1) Energy audit manual for industrial 2) Energy audit manual for building 3) Energy conservation leaflet for industrial 4) Energy conservation leaflet for building 5) Energy conservation leaflet for household

EMCO had already prepared original copy of energy conservation. The manuals were prepared in English and Lao. 9. Preliminary energy conservation policy EMCO collected and studied the general information and energy information to estimate the energy production potential and energy use of the Lao PDR. Then the energy policies in the past from Thailand and Lao PDR were collected. The strong points, weak points, opportunities and difficulties were investigated. Furthermore, the outcome of the energy cooperation project included the recommendations from 3 main activities, i.e., energy audit and energy conservation in-class training, on the job training in Thailand and the practical training. These will be used to conducted suitable energy policy for the Lao PDR. The suggestions of energy conservation measures are classified in to 5 groups. The energy conservation measures can be summarized below.

a) Campaign and Public Relation to Raise Conscience and Awareness in Energy Conservation - Producing guidelines and booklets to publicize energy conservation - Building conscience on energy conservation - Promoting and praising outstanding energy conservation individuals and

organizations

b) Development of Energy Conservation Personnel - Development of personnel responsible for energy in factories and

business buildings - Training and development of personnel in energy conservation

education - Educating the community leader on energy conservation

c) Increasing Energy Efficiency

- Reduction of the use of electricity in accommodations, trading and governmental organizations

- Increase of efficiency in the use of electricity in industries


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d) Efficient Administration of Energy Conservation Organizations

- Strengthening the organization responsible for energy conservation and alternative energy

- Systematizing data collection and monitoring of energy usage in governmental units

- Making strategic and implementation plans for energy conservation

e) Making Laws and Regulations in Energy Conservation Appropriate and Up-to-Date - Making laws to promote and support energy conservation - Improving regulations and implementation methods to be appropriate

and up-to-date - Stipulating the standards for energy saving equipment

10. Seminar of project results

Energy Management and Conservation Office arranged a seminar to disseminate the results of project implementation, with the objectives to summarize the results of practical and theoretical training sessions, the study trip and to present recommendations for energy conservation policy and other recommendations related to the operations. One hundred and seventeen relevant officers from organizations in both countries attended this seminar, which was scheduled on March 19, 2009. Five activities were performed during the course of the seminar, namely: 1) Conferring of certificates and a trophy of honor to participants, 2) Summarizing the results of project operations, 3) Summarizing the results of energy audit in 10 participating buildings and factories, 4) Discussion on recommendations for appropriate energy conservation policy of Lao PDR, and 5) Dialogue on results of project implementation and future cooperation.

It can be gathered from this seminar that Energy Management and Conservation Office was able to arrange this seminar according to the set schedule and plan. It successfully met the objectives, receiving satisfaction from the participants as can be seen from the seminar evaluation at a 85.48 per cent level, which is between good and best. It can be anticipated that the seminar had effectively given knowledge and understanding among participants.

11. Conclusion After implementing the project, EMCO had done the activities following the

work plan. All the activities were done well finished in time and met the requirement of the terms of reference. The officers from Lao PDR are enthusiastic about the project and very cooperative. As a result, the energy cooperation project between Thailand and Lao PDR was successfully and completely finished in time. EMCO had completed the project on March 27, 2009.

From the project result, it was found that the officers from Lao PDR have received knowledge and experiences in Energy audit and Energy efficiency from Thailand energy experts. Moreover, the energy conservation and energy audit manuals


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would help Lao PDR officers to continue their energy conservation activities in the future. However, to ensure that officers from Lao PDR can be able to conduct an energy audit in the buildings and factories, supervision of Thai energy experts is required. The cooperation on energy efficiency between the two countries should be carried on. EMCO believes that the Energy Cooperation Project between the Kingdom of Thailand and the Lao PDR improve the ability of energy audit and energy conservation of the Lao PDR and lead to the reduction of energy usage of the Lao PDR. Moreover, the project will strengthen the good relation between the two countries.

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Executive Summary (Final report (Final report summary...Executive Summary (Final report ) th ... Energy audit and energy conservation in-class training ... hydropower plant and solar