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Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A
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Spring 2017 AP Statistics Final Exam Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. You measure the age, marital status and earned income of an SRS of 1463 women. The number and type of variables you have measured is
a. four; one categorical and two quantitative, and one individual.
b. four; two categorical and two quantitative.
c. four; one categorical and three quantitative.
d. three; two categorical and one quantitative.
e. three; one categorical and two quantitative.
Scenario 1-2
Below is a two-way table summarizing the number of cylinders in selected car models manufactured in six different countries in the 1990’s.
Number of cylinders
4 5 6 8 Total
France 0 0 1 0 1
Germany 4 1 0 0 5
Italy 1 0 0 0 1
Japan 6 0 1 0 7
Sweden 1 0 1 0 2
U.S.A. 7 0 7 8 22
Total 19 1 10 8 38
____ 2. Use Scenario 1-2. The percentage of all cars listed in the table with 4-cylinder engines is
a. 19%.
b. 21%.
c. 50%.
d. 80%.
e. 91%.
____ 3. Use Scenario 1-2. The percent of cars with 4-cylinder engines that are made in Germany is
a. 10.5%.
b. 21%.
c. 50%.
d. 80%.
e. 91%.
____ 4. Use Scenario 1-2. Which of the following is a marginal distribution?
a. The percentage of all four-cylinder cars manufactured in Germany.
b. The number of four-cylinder cars manufactured in Germany.
c. The percentage of all cars manufactured in each country.
d. The percentage of cars manufactured in Germany for each number of cylinders.
e. The number of cylinders: 4, 5, 6, 8.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 5. A set of data has a mean that is much larger than the median. Which of the following statements is most
consistent with this information?a. The distribution is symmetric.
b. The distribution is skewed left.
c. The distribution is skewed right.
d. The distribution is bimodal.
e. The data set probably has a few low outliers.
Scenario 1-6
A sample was taken of the salaries of 20 employees of a large company. The following boxplot shows the salaries (in thousands of dollars) for this year.
____ 6. Use Scenario 1-6. Based on the boxplot, which of the following statements is true?
a. The maximum salary is between $60,000 and $70,000.
b. The minimum salary is $20,000.
c. The range of the middle half of the salaries is about $20,000.
d. The median salary is about $40,000.
e. 25% of the employees make more than $70,000.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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Scenario 1-7
The following is a boxplot of the birth weights (in ounces) of a sample of 160 infants born in a local hospital.
____ 7. Use Scenario 1-7. The median birth weight is approximately
a. 80.5 ounces.
b. 90 ounces.
c. 100 ounces.
d. 110 ounces.
e. 120 ounces.
____ 8. There are three children in a room, ages three, four, and five. If another four-year-old child enters the room
thea. mean age will stay the same but the variance will increase.
b. mean age will stay the same but the variance will decrease.
c. mean age and variance will stay the same.
d. mean age and variance will increase.
e. mean age and variance will decrease.
____ 9. You want to use numerical summaries to describe a distribution that is strongly skewed to the left. Which
combination of measure of center and spread would be the best ones to use?a. Mean and interquartile range.
b. Mean and standard deviation.
c. Median and range.
d. Median and standard deviation.
e. Median and interquartile range.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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Figure 2-1
____ 10. Use Figure 2-1. For this density curve, what percent of the observations lie above 4?
a. 20%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 80%
____ 11. Use Figure 2-1. For this density curve, what percent of the observations lie between 0.2 and 3.8?
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 28%
d. 68%
e. 72%
____ 12. You are told that your score on an exam is at the 85 percentile of the distribution of scores. Which of the
following is a correct interpretation of this information?a. Your score was lower than approximately 85% of the people who took this exam.
b. Your score was higher than approximately 85% of the people who took this exam.
c. You answered 85% of the questions correctly.
d. If you took this test (or one like it) again, you would score as well as you did this time 85% of the time.
e. 85% of the people who took this test earned the same score you did.
____ 13. A standard score describes
a. How much skew there is in a distribution
b. How much spread there is in a distribution
c. How far apart the mean and median of a distribution are.
d. How far a particular score is from the mean.
e. How far a particular score is from the median.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 14. The distribution of household incomes in a small town is strongly skewed to the right. The mean income is
$42,000 and the standard deviation is $24,000. The Ames family’s household income is $60,000. The z-score for the Ames family’s income isa. –0.75
b. 0.3
c. 0.75
d. 0.86
e. None of these, because z-score cannot be used unless the distribution is Normal.
____ 15. Items produced by a manufacturing process are supposed to weigh 90 grams. The manufacturing process is
such, however, that there is variability in the items produced and they do not all weigh exactly 90 grams. The distribution of weights can be approximated by a Normal distribution with mean 90 grams and a standard deviation of 1 gram. About what percentage of the items will either weigh less than 87 grams or more than 93 grams?
a. 0.15%
b. 0.3%
c. 6%
d. 94%
e. 99.7%
____ 16. If the heights of 99.7% of American men are between 5' 0" and 7' 0", what is your estimate of the standard deviation of the height of American men?
a. 1"
b. 3"
c. 4"
d. 6"
e. 12"
____ 17. The five-number summary of the distribution of 316 scores on a statistics exam is
0 26 31 36 50. The scores are approximately Normal. The standard deviation of test scores must be about
a. 0.67.
b. 5.0.
c. 7.5.
d. 10.
e. 55.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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Scenario 3-3
Consider the following scatterplot, which describes the relationship between stopping distance (in feet) and air temperature (in degrees Centigrade) for a certain 2,000-pound car travelling 40 mph.
____ 18. Use Scenario 3-3. If another data point were added with an air temperature of 0º C and a stopping distance of 80 feet, the correlation would
a. Decrease, since this new point is an outlier that does not follow the pattern in the data.
b. Increase, since this new point is an outlier that does not follow the pattern in the data.
c. Stay nearly the same, since correlation is resistant to outliers.
d. Increase, since there would be more data points.
e. Whether this data point causes an increase or decrease cannot be determined without recalculating the correlation.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 19. Consider the following scatter plot of two variables, X and Y.
We may conclude that the correlation between X and Ya. must be close to –1, since the relationship is between X and Y is clearly non-linear.
b. must be close to 0, since the relationship is between X and Y is clearly non-linear.
c. is close to 1, even though the relationship is not linear.
d. may be exactly 1, since all the points lie of the same curve.
e. greater than 1, since the relationship is non-linear.
____ 20. Which of the following best describes the correlation r?
a. The average of the products of each of the X and Y values for each point
b. The average of the products of the standardized scores of X and Y for each point.
c. The average of the squared products of the standardized scores of X and Y for each point.
d. The average of the differences between each X value and each Y value.
e. The average perpendicular distance between each data point and the least-squares regression line.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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Scenario 3-4
Consider the following scatterplot of amounts of CO (carbon monoxide) and NOX (nitrogen oxide) in grams per mile driven in the exhausts of cars. The least-squares regression line has been drawn in the plot.
____ 21. Use Scenario 3-4. In the scatterplot, the point indicated by the open circle
a. has a negative value for the residual.
b. has a positive value for the residual.
c. has a zero value for the residual.
d. has a zero value for the correlation.
e. is an outlier.
Scenario 3-5
In a statistics course a linear regression equation was computed to predict the final exam score from the score on the first test. The equation of the least-squares regression line was
y8 = 10 + 0.9x
where y8 represents the predicted final exam score and x is the score on the first exam.
____ 22. Use Scenario 3-5. The first test score is
a. the intercept.
b. the slope.
c. the explanatory variable.
d. the response variable.
e. a lurking variable.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 23. “Least-squares” in the term “least-squares regression line” refers to
a. Minimizing the sum of the squares of all values of the explanatory variable.
b. Minimizing the sum of the squares of all values of the response variable.
c. Minimizing the products of each value of the response variable and the predicted value based on the regression equation.
d. Minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals.
e. Minimizing the squares of the differences between each value of the response variable and each value of the explanatory variable.
____ 24. Which of the following statements are true about the least-squares regression line?
I. The slope is the predicted change in the response variable associated with a unit increase in the explanatory variable.
II. The line always passes through the point, the means of the explanatory
and response variables, respectively.III. It is the line that minimizes the sum of the squared residuals.
a. I only.
b. II only.
c. III only.
d. I and III only.
e. I, II, and III are all true.
Scenario 3-6
A researcher wishes to study how the average weight Y (in kilograms) of children changes during the first year of life. He plots these averages versus the age X (in months) and decides to fit a least-squares regression line to the data with X as the explanatory variable and Y as the response variable. He computes the following quantities.
r = correlation between X and Y = 0.9 = mean of the values of X = 6.5
= mean of the values of Y = 6.6
Sx = standard deviation of the values of X = 3.6
Sy = standard deviation of the values of Y = 1.2
____ 25. Use Scenario 3-6. The y-intercept of the least-squares line is
a. –10.95
b. 4.52
c. 4.65
d. 8.48
e. 8.55
____ 26. Which of the following is correct?
a. The correlation r is the slope of the least-squares regression line.
b. The square of the correlation is the slope of the least-squares regression line.
c. The square of the correlation is the proportion of the data lying on the least-squares regression line.
d. The mean of the residuals from least-squares regression is 0.
e. The sum of the squared residuals from the least-squares line is 0.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 27. Suppose we fit the least-squares regression line to a set of data. If a plot of the residuals shows a curved
pattern,a. a straight line is not a good summary for the data.
b. the correlation must be 0.
c. the correlation must be positive.
d. outliers must be present.
e. r2 = 0.
____ 28. Suppose a straight line is fit to data having response variable y and explanatory variable x. Predicting values
of y for values of x outside the range of the observed data is calleda. contingency.
b. extrapolation.
c. causation.
d. correlation.
e. interpolation.
____ 29. The least-squares regression line is fit to a set of data. If one of the data points has a positive residual, then
a. the correlation between the values of the response and explanatory variables must be positive.
b. the point must lie above the least-squares regression line.
c. the point must lie near the right edge of the scatterplot.
d. the point is probably an influential point.
e. all of the above.
Scenario 3-9
A study gathers data on the outside temperature during the winter, in degrees Fahrenheit, and the amount of natural gas a household consumes, in cubic feet per day. Call the temperature x and gas consumption y. The house is heated with gas, so x helps explain y. The least-squares regression line for predicting y from x is
y8 = 1344 − 19x
____ 30. Use Scenario 3-9. On a day when the temperature is 20°F, the regression line predicts that gas used will be about
a. 1724 cubic feet.
b. 1383 cubic feet.
c. 1325 cubic feet.
d. 964 cubic feet.
e. none of these.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 31. Which of the following statements describes what the standard deviation of residuals for a regression
equation can be used for?
I. It describes the typical vertical distance between an observed data point and the regression line.
II. It evaluates whether a linear model is appropriate for a set of data.III. It measures the overall precision of predictions made using the regression
equation.
a. I only
b. II only
c. III only
d. Both I and II
e. Both I and III
____ 32. A study sponsored by American Express Co. and the French government tourist office found that old stereotypes about French unfriendliness were not true. The respondents were more than 1000 Americans who have visited France more than once for pleasure over the past two years. The results of this study are probably
a. very accurate, given the large sample size.
b. very inaccurate because the sample is only a small fraction of all Americans who have visited France.
c. extremely variable, because people's opinions differ so greatly.
d. biased, overstating the extent to which the old stereotypes were not true.
e. biased, understating the extent to which the old stereotypes were not true.
____ 33. A television station is interested in predicting whether voters in its viewing area are in favor of offshore
drilling. It asks its viewers to phone in and indicate whether they support/are in favor of or are opposed to this practice. Of the 2241 viewers who phoned in, 1574 (70%) were opposed to offshore drilling. The viewers who phoned in are
a. a voluntary response sample.
b. a convenience sample.
c. a probability sample.
d. a population.
e. a simple random sample.
____ 34. A news release for a diet products company reports: "There's good news for the 65 million Americans currently on a diet." Its study showed that people who lose weight can keep it off. The sample was twenty graduates of the company's program who endorse it in commercials. The results of the study are probably
a. biased, overstating the effectiveness of the diet.
b. biased, understating the effectiveness of the diet.
c. unbiased because these are nationally recognized individuals.
d. unbiased, but they could be more accurate. A larger sample size should be used.
e. biased, but it is hard to tell whether the results will overstate or understate the effects of the diet.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 35. Simple random sampling
a. reduces bias resulting from poorly worded questions.
b. offsets bias resulting from undercoverage and nonresponse.
c. reduces bias resulting from the behavior of the interviewer.
d. reduces variability.
e. None of the above.
____ 36. A stratified random sample addresses the same issues as which of the following experimental designs?
a. A block design.
b. A double-blind experiment.
c. An experiment with a placebo.
d. A completely randomized design.
e. A confounded, nonrandomized study.
____ 37. We divide the class into two groups: first year students and others. We then take random samples from each group. This is an example of
a. simple random sampling
b. cluster sampling
c. multistage sampling
d. stratified random sampling
e. systematic random sampling
____ 38. You plan to give a math achievement test to samples of 15 year-olds from both the U.S. and Korea in order to compare mathematics knowledge in the two countries. In each country, you will randomly choose300 students from low-income families400 students from middle-income families200 students from high-income familiesThe sample from Korea is aa. multistage sample.
b. simple random sample.
c. convenience sample.
d. voluntary response sample.
e. stratified random sample.
____ 39. The Bradley effect is a theory proposed to explain observed discrepancies between voter opinion polls and election outcomes in some elections where a white candidate and a non-white candidate run against each other. The theory proposes that some voters tend to tell pollsters that they are undecided or likely to vote for a non-white candidate, and yet, on election day, vote for the white opponent. This is an example of
a. voluntary response bias.
b. bias resulting from question wording.
c. undercoverage.
d. nonresponse.
e. response bias.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 40. An experiment was conducted by some students to explore the nature of the relationship between a person's
heart rate (measured in beats per minute) and the frequency at which that person stepped up and down on steps of various heights. Three rates of stepping and two different step heights were used. A subject performed the activity (stepping at one of the three stepping rates at one of the two possible heights) for three minutes. Heart rate was then measured at the end of this period. The variables "stepping rate" and "step height" are the
a. factors.
b. levels.
c. controls.
d. units.
e. response variables.
____ 41. Use Scenarion 4-8. Which of the following best describes the inferences the researchers can make based in his results?
a. They can make inferences about cause and effect, but not about the populations from which the samples were taken.
b. They can make inferences about the populations from which the samples were taken, but not about cause and effect.
c. They can make inferences about both cause and effect and the populations from which the samples were taken.
d. They cannot make inferences about either cause and effect or the populations from which the samples were taken.
e. There is not enough information to make judgments about the scope of inference.
____ 42. Which of the following statements about a randomized block design with two treatments is true?
a. Blocks are created so that each block is as similar as possible to every other block.
b. All the units in Block A share the same (or similar) values of the blocked variable.
c. All subjects in a given block are given the same treatment.
d. Treatments are assigned randomly before blocks are created.
e. Block A is chosen randomly from among the available experimental units.
____ 43. A basketball player makes 75% of his free throws. We want to estimate the probability that he makes 4 or
more frees throws out of 5 attempts (we assume the shots are independent). To do this, we use the digits 1, 2, and 3 to correspond to making the free throw and the digit 4 to correspond to missing the free throw. If the table of random digits begins with the digits below, how many free throw does he hit in our first simulation of five shots?
19223 95034 58301
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 44. I select two cards from a deck of 52 cards and observe the color of each (26 cards in the deck are red and 26
are black). Which of the following is an appropriate sample space S for the possible outcomes?a. S = {red, black}
b. S = {(red, red), (red, black), (black, red), (black, black)}, where, for example, (red, red) stands for the event "the first card is red and the second card is red."
c. S = {(red, red), (red, black), (black, black)}, where, for example, (red, red) stands for the event "the first card is red and the second card is red."
d. S = {0, 1, 2}.
e. All of the above.
Scenario 5-2
If you draw an M&M candy at random from a bag of the candies, the candy you draw will have one of six colors. The probability of drawing each color depends on the proportion of each color among all candies made. The table below gives the probability that a randomly chosen M&M had each color before blue M & M’s replaced tan in 1995.
Color Brown Red Yellow Green Orange Tan
Probability 0.3 0.2 ? 0.1 0.1 0.1
____ 45. Use Scenario 5-2. The probability of drawing a yellow candy is
a. 0.
b. .1.
c. .2.
d. .3.
e. impossible to determine from the information given.
Scenario 5-3
Ignoring twins and other multiple births, assume that babies born at a hospital are independent random events with the probability that a baby is a boy and the probability that a baby is a girl both equal to 0.5.
____ 46. Use Scenario 5-3. The probability that the next five babies are girls is
a. 1.0.
b. 0.5.
c. 0.1.
d. 0.0625.
e. 0.03125.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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Scenario 5-6
A system has two components that operate in parallel, as shown in the diagram below. Because the components operate in parallel, at least one of the components must function properly if the system is to function properly. Let F denote the event that component 1 fails during one period of operation and G denote
the event that component 2 fails during one period of operation. Suppose and .
The component failures are independent.
____ 47. Use Scenario 5-6. The event corresponding to the system failing during one period of operation is
a. F and G.
b. F or G.
c. not F or not G.
d. not F and not G.
e. not F or G.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 48. Among the students at a large university who describe themselves as vegetarians, some eat fish, some eat
eggs, some eat both fish and eggs, and some eat neither fish nor eggs. Choose a vegetarian student at random. Let E = the event that the student eats eggs, and let F = the event that the student eats fish. Which of the following Venn diagrams has correctly shaded the event that the student eats neither fish nor eggs?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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Scenario 5-9
You ask a sample of 370 people, "Should clinical trials on issues such as heart attacks that affect both sexes use subjects of just one sex?" The responses are in the table below.
Suppose you choose one of these people at random
Yes No
Male 34 105
Female 46 185
____ 49. Use Scenario 5-9. What is the probability that the person said "Yes," given that she is a woman?
a. 0.20
b. 0.22
c. 0.25
d. 0.50
e. 0.575
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 50. Each day, Mr. Bayona chooses a one-digit number from a random number table to decide if he will walk to
work or drive that day. The numbers 0 through 3 indicate he will drive, 4 through 9 mean he will walk. If he drives, he has a probability of 0.1 of being late. If he walks, his probability of being late rises to 0.25. Let W = Walk, D = Drive, L = Late, and NL = Not Late. Which of the following tree diagrams summarizes these probabilities?
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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a.
b.
c.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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d.
e.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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Scenario 5-10
The Venn diagram below describes the proportion of students who take chemistry and Spanish at Jefferson High School, Where A = Student takes chemistry and B = Students takes Spanish.
Suppose one student is chosen at random.
____ 51. Use Scenario 5-10. The probability that the student takes neither Chemistry nor Spanish is
a. 0.1
b. 0.2
c. 0.3
d. 0.4
e. 0.6
Scenario 5-11
The following table compares the hand dominance of 200 Canadian high-school students and what methods they prefer using to communicate with their friends.
Cell phone/Text In person Online Total
Left-handed 12 13 9 34
Right-handed 43 72 51 166
Total 55 85 60 200
Suppose one student is chosen randomly from this group of 200.
____ 52. Use Scenario 5-11. Which of the following statements supports the conclusion that the event “Right-handed” and the event “Online” are not independent?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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Scenario 5-13
One hundred high school students were asked if they had a dog, a cat, or both at home. Here are the results.Dog? Total
No Yes
Cat? No 74 4 78
Yes 10 12 22
Total 84 16 100
____ 53. Use Scenario 5-13. If two students are selected at random, what is the probability that neither of them has a dog or a cat?
a. 0.37
b. 0. 540
c. 0. 548
d. 0.655
e. 0.74
____ 54. Which of the following is not a random variable?
a. The number of heads in ten tosses of a fair coin.
b. The number of passengers in cars passing though a toll booth.
c. The age of the driver in cars passing through a toll booth.
d. The response of randomly-selected people to the question, “What is your favorite TV sit-com?”
e. The response of randomly-selected people to the question, “How many hours of sleep did you get last night?’
____ 55. Which of the following is not a random variable?
a. The heights of randomly-selected buildings in New York City.
b. The suit of a card randomly-selected from a 52-card deck.
c. The number of children in randomly-selected households in the United States.
d. The amount of money won (or lost) by the next person to walk out of a casino in Las Vegas.
e. All of the above are random variables.
____ 56. Which of the following is true about every random variable
I. It takes on numerical or categorical values.II. It describes the results of a random phenomenon.III. Its behavior can be described by a probability distribution.a. I only
b. II only
c. III only
d. II and III
e. All three statements are true
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 57. Suppose there are three balls in a box. On one of the balls is the number 1, on another is the number 2, and on
the third is the number 3. You select two balls at random and without replacement from the box and note the two numbers observed. The sample space S consists of the three equally likely outcomes {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)}. Let X be the sum of the numbers on two balls selected. Which of the following is the correct probability distribution for X?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____ 58. I roll a pair of fair dice and let X = the sum of the spots on the two sides facing up. The probability that X is 2, 11, or 12 is
a. 1/36.
b. 2/36
c. 3/36.
d. 4/36.
e. 3/11.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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Scenario 6-6
The probability distribution of a continuous random variable X is given by the density curve below.
____ 59. Use Scenario 6-6. The probability that X is between 0.5 and 1.5 is
a. 1/4.
b. 1/3.
c. 1/2.
d. 3/4.
e. 1.
Scenario 6-7
Suppose X is a continuous random variable taking values between 0 and 2 and having the probability density function below.
____ 60. Use Scenario 6-7. P(X > 1.5) has value
a. 0.50.
b. 0.33.
c. 0.25.
d. 0.125.
e. 0.0625.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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Scenario 6-8
Let the random variable X represent the profit made on a randomly selected day by a certain store. Assume X is Normal with a mean of $360 and standard deviation $50.
____ 61. Use Scenario 6-8. The value of P(X > $400) is
a. 0.2881.
b. 0.8450.
c. 0.7881.
d. 0.2119.
e. 0.1600.
____ 62. Use Scenario 6-8. The probability is approximately 0.6 that on a randomly selected day the store will make less than which of the following amounts?
a. $330.00
b. $347.40
c. $361.30
d. $372.60
e. $390.00
Scenario 6-9
The weights of grapefruits of a certain variety are approximately Normally distributed with a mean of 1 pound and a standard deviation of 0.12 pounds.
____ 63. Use Scenario 6-9. Which of the following is closest to the probability that the total weight of three randomly
selected grapefruits is more than 3.4 pounds?
a. nearly 0
b. 0.0274
c. 0.1335
d. 0.2514
e. 0.2611
Scenario 6-11
The mp3 music files on Sharon’s computer have a mean size of 4.0 megabytes and a standard deviation of 1.8 megabytes. She wants to create a mix of 10 of the songs for a friend. Let the random variable T = the total size (in megabytes) for 10 randomly selected songs from Sharon’s computer.
____ 64. Use Scenario 6-11. What is the standard deviation of T? (Assume the lengths of songs are independent.)
a. 1.80
b. 3.24
c. 5.69
d. 18.00
e. 32.40
Name: ________________________ ID: A
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____ 65. Sulé’s job is just a few bus stops away from his house. While it can be faster to take the bus to work, it’s
more variable, because of variations in traffic. He estimates that the commute time to work by bus is approximately Normally distributed with a mean of 12 minutes and a standard deviation of 4 minutes. The commute time if he walks to work is also approximately Normally distributed with a mean of 16 minutes with a standard deviation of 1 minute. What is the probability that the bus will be faster than walking?
a. 0.8340
b. 0.8485
c. 0.8980
d. 0.9756
e. 0.9896
Scenario 6-14
A worn out bottling machine does not properly apply caps to 5% of the bottles it fills.
____ 66. Use Scenario 6-14. In a production run of 800 bottles, what is the expected value for the number of bottles with improperly applied caps?
a. 4
b. 8
c. 40
d. 50
e. 80
____ 67. A college basketball player makes 80% of her free throws. Suppose this probability is the same for each free throw she attempts, and free throw attempts are independent. The expected number of free throws required until she makes her first free throw of the season is
a. 2.
b. 1.25.
c. 0.80.
d. 0.31.
e. 0.13
____ 68. A survey conducted by Black Flag asked whether or not the action of a certain type of roach disk was effective in killing roaches. 79% of the respondents agreed that the roach disk was effective. The number 79% is a
a. parameter.
b. population.
c. statistic.
d. sample.
e. sampling distribution.
____ 69. If we take many simple random samples from the same population, we expect
a. the same values of the statistic for each sample
b. the values of the statistic will vary from sample to sample
c. a different value of the parameter for each sample
d. a problem with voluntary response
e. a problem with bias
Name: ________________________ ID: A
27
____ 70. The distribution of values from a single sample of size n from a population is
a. the distribution of sample data.
b. random allocation.
c. the population distribution of the variable.
d. the parameter.
e. the sampling distribution.
____ 71. "Congress passed a ban on the sale of assault weapons. Now there is a move to repeal that ban. Do you agree
that the ban on sale of assault weapons should be repealed?" You ask that question to an SRS of 1000 adults in Texas (population 21 million people) and to a separate SRS of 1000 adults in Indiana (population 6 million people). The standard deviation of the sampling distribution for proportions in Indiana isa. approximately the same as in Texas, because the two SRS's are the same size.
b. larger than in Texas, because there are fewer people in Indiana.
c. smaller than in Texas, because there are fewer people in Indiana.
d. smaller than in Texas, because the sample is a larger proportion of the population.
e. may be either smaller or larger than in Texas, because the sample result varies due to chance.
Scenario 7-3
A 2010 study of 240 randomly-selected residents of a subtropical resort city with 82,000 residents found that 5.4% of them had been exposed to the mosquito-borne virus that causes Dengue fever. Suppose the actual
percentage of people in the city who have been exposed to the virus is 3%. Let = the proportion of
residents who have been exposed in a random sample of 240,
____ 72. Use Scenario 7-3. Which of the following conditions had to be met in order for us to use the formula for the
standard deviation of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e. The population distribution is approximately Normal.
____ 73. According to a recent poll, 27% of Americans get 30 minutes of exercise at least five days each week. Let’s assume this is the parameter value for the population. If you take a simple random sample of 25 Americans
and let = the proportion in the sample who get 30 minutes of exercise at least five days per week, what are
the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
28
Scenario 7-4
The histogram below was obtained from data on 750 high school basketball games in a regional athletic conference. It represents the number of three-point baskets made in each game.
____ 74. Use Scenario 7-4. A researcher takes a simple random sample of size n = 40 from this population and calculates the mean number of 3-point baskets. Which of the following best describes the shape of the sampling distribution of means?
a. Skewed left
b. Skewed right
c. Approximately uniform
d. Approximately Normal
e. Symmetric, but distinctly non-Normal.
____ 75. Use Scenario 7-4. What is the range of sample sizes the researcher could take from this population without
violating conditions required for the application of the formula and the central limit theorem?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____ 76. A level C confidence interval is
a. any interval with margin of error ± C.
b. an interval computed from sample data by a method that has probability C of producing an interval containing the true value of the parameter of interest.
c. an interval with margin of error ± C that is also correct C% of the time.
d. an interval computed from sample data by a method that guarantees that the probability the interval computed contains the parameter of interest is C.
e. an interval computed from sample data that has probability (1 – C) of not containing the parameter of interest.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
29
____ 77. A researcher studying reaction time of drivers states that, “A 95% confidence interval for the mean time it
takes for a driver to apply the brakes after seeing the brake lights on a vehicle in front of him is 1.2 to 1.8 seconds. What are the point estimate and margin of error for this interval?a. Point estimate = 1.2 seconds; margin of error = 0.6 seconds.
b. Point estimate = 1.2 seconds; margin of error = 0.3 seconds.
c. Point estimate = 1.5 seconds; margin of error 95%.
d. Point estimate = 1.5 seconds; margin of error = 0.6 seconds.
e. Point estimate = 1.5 seconds; margin of error = 0.3 seconds.
____ 78. An agricultural researcher plants 25 plots with a new variety of corn. A 90% confidence interval for the
average yield for these plots is found to be 162.72 ± 4.47 bushels per acre. Which of the following would
produce a confidence interval with a smaller margin of error than this one?
a. Using a 95% confidence level.
b. Reducing bias in the study design.
c. Planting 100 plots, rather than 25.
d. Using 25 control plots with an old variety of corn.
e. None of the above.
____ 79. Other things being equal, the margin of error of a confidence interval increases as
a. the sample size increases.
b. the sample mean increases.
c. the population standard deviation increases.
d. the confidence level decreases.
e. none of the above.
____ 80. A polling organization announces that the proportion of American voters who favor congressional term limits is 64 percent, with a 95% confidence margin of error of 3 percent. If the opinion poll had announced the margin of error for 80% confidence rather than 95% confidence, this margin of error would be
a. 3%, because the same sample is used.
b. less than 3%, because we require less confidence.
c. less than 3%, because the sample size is smaller.
d. greater than 3%, because we require less confidence.
e. greater than 3%, because the sample size is smaller.
Scenario 8-3
After a college’s football team once again lost a football game to the college’s arch rival, the alumni association conducted a survey to see if alumni were in favor of firing the coach. An SRS of 100 alumni from the population of all living alumni was taken. Sixty-four of the alumni in the sample were in favor of firing the coach. Let p represent the proportion of all living alumni who favor firing the coach.
____ 81. Use Scenario 8-3. A 95% confidence interval for p is
a. 0.64 ± 0.009.
b. 0.64 ± 0.079.
c. 0.64 ± 0.094.
d. 0.64 ± 0.124.
e. 0.64 ± 0.360.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
30
____ 82. Which of the following has the lowest probability?
a. Selecting a random value above 1 from a t-distribution with 5 degrees of freedom.
b. Selecting a random value above 1 from a standard Normal distribution.
c. Selecting a random value above 2 from a t-distribution with 5 degrees of freedom.
d. Selecting a random value above 2 from a t-distribution with 10 degrees of freedom.
e. Selecting a random value above 2 from a standard Normal distribution.
____ 83. To estimate µ, the mean salary of full professors at American colleges and universities, you obtain the
salaries of a random sample of 400 full professors. The sample mean is x = $73,220 and the sample standard
deviation is s = $4400. A 99% confidence interval for µ is
a. $73,220 ± 11,440.
b. $73,220 ± 567.
c. $73,220 ± 431.
d. $73,220 ± 28.6.
e. none of these.
____ 84. The heights of young American women, in inches, are approximately Normally distributed with mean µ and
standard deviation σ = 2.4. If I want to construct a 99% confidence interval with a margin of error of no more than ± 1 inch, the smallest sample I can take is closest to
a. 2.
b. 7.
c. 16.
d. 38.
e. 39.
____ 85. The average growth of a certain variety of pine tree is 10.1 inches in three years. A biologist claims that a new variety will have a greater three-year growth. A random sample of 25 of the new variety has an average three-year growth of 10.8 inches and a standard deviation of 2.1 inches. Which of the following are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses to test the biologist's claim?
a. H0: µ = 10.8 against Ha: µ > 10.8
b. H0: µ = 10.8 against Ha: µ ≠ 10.8
c. H0: µ = 10.1 against Ha: µ > 10.1
d. H0: µ = 10.1 against Ha: µ < 10.1
e. H0: µ = 10.1 against Ha: µ ≠ 10.1
____ 86. In a test of statistical hypotheses, the P-value tells us
a. if the null hypothesis is true.
b. if the alternative hypothesis is true.
c. the probability that the null hypothesis is true.
d. the smallest level of significance at which the null hypothesis can be rejected.
e. the probability of obtaining a sample with a test statistic that is farther from 0 than the one we obtained.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
31
____ 87. A university administrator obtains a sample of the academic records of past and present scholarship athletes
at the university. The administrator reports that no significant difference was found in the mean GPA (grade point average) for male and female scholarship athletes (P = 0.287). Which of the following is a correct interpretation of this value?
a. The GPAs for male and female scholarship athletes are identical, except for 28.7% of the athletes.
b. the maximum difference in GPAs between male and female scholarship athletes is 0.287.
c. If in fact there is no difference in mean GPAs, the chance of obtaining a difference in GPAs between male and female scholarship athletes as large as that observed in the sample is 0.287.
d. The chance that a pair of randomly chosen male and female scholarship athletes would have a significant difference in GPAs is 0.287.
e. The probability that female athletes have higher GPAs than males do is 0.287.
____ 88. I conduct a statistical test of hypotheses and find that the null hypothesis is statistically significant at level α = 0.05. I may conclude that
a. the test would also be significant at level α = 0.10.
b. the test would also be significant at level α = 0.01.
c. the P-value is less than .05.
d. both (A) and (C) are true.
e. both (B) and (C) are true.
____ 89. If we reject the null hypothesis when, in fact, it is true, we have
a. committed a Type I error.
b. committed a Type II error.
c. a probability of being correct that is equal to the P-value.
d. a probability of being correct that is equal to 1 – P-value.
e. set the α level too high.
Scenario 9-3
A December 2007 Gallup Poll reported that 43% of Americans use the internet for an hour or more each day. You suspect that a higher proportion of students at your school use the internet that much. To find out, you take a simple random sample of 60 students and find that 35 of them use the internet for an hour or more each day. (Assume your school has enough students so that this is a small sample relative to the size of the
population). You will test the hypotheses , where p = the proportion of students
at your school who use the internet for an hour or more each day, at the α = 0.01 level.
____ 90. Use Scenario 9-3. The test statistic, P-value, and appropriate decision for this test are:
a. z = 2.40; P-value = 0.008; reject Ho
b. z = 2.40; P-value = 0.008; fail to reject Ho
c. t = 2.40; P-value = 0.0103; reject Ho
d. t = 2.40; P-value = 0.0103; fail to reject Ho
e. no conclusion can be drawn, because the shape of the sampling distribution is unknown.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
32
Scenario 9-4
An SRS of 100 postal employees found that the average time these employees had worked for the postal service was years with standard deviation s = 2 years. Assume the distribution of the time the
population of employees have worked for the postal service is approximately Normal with mean µ. Are these
data evidence that µ has changed from the value of 7.5 years of twenty years ago? To make this
determination we test the hypotheses H0: µ = 7.5, Ha: µ ≠ 7.5 using a one-sample t test.
____ 91. Use Scenario 9-4. Which of the following intervals contains the P-value for this test?
a. larger than 0.10
b. between 0.10 and 0.05
c. between 0.05 and 0.01
d. below 0.01
e. The P-value cannot be determined, since the standard deviation of the population from 20 years ago is not known.
____ 92. Nine swimmers are randomly selected from a large group. Each is asked to hold their breath for as long as possible and the times are recorded. Then they are given instructions in a new method for relaxing while holding their breath. Afterwards, they are again timed on how long they can hold their breath. We wish to perform a t-test on this paired data to see if the swimmers held their breath for longer after receiving breath-holding instructions. Which of the following is not a required condition to perform a t-test on these paired data?
a. We must be able to view these swimmers as a SRS of all swimmers who might receive this training.
b. The distribution of the swimmers breath-holding times before the training is approximately Normal.
c. Each swimmer’s gain in breath-holding time is independent of the other swimmers.
d. The distribution of gains in breath-holding times of the swimmers is approximately Normal.
e. All of the above are required conditions.
____ 93. A student’s AP statistics project involves comparing the time it takes a student to complete a set of 25 basic
trinomial factoring problems while listening to either rap music or country music. Twelve students are timed on two different sets of problems and the order of both which set of problems he does first and which music he listens to first are randomized. The resulting data is thus paired, with each student acting as his own “pair.” Which of the following conditions is required to perform a t-test on these paired data?
a. The distribution of times for all students on each set of problems must be approximately Normal.
b. The distribution of times for all students while listening to each type of music must be approximately Normal.
c. The distribution of times for all 24 sets of problems (12 students are taking 2 tests each) must be approximately Normal.
d. The distribution of differences between each individual student’s times on each of the two tests (time with rap – time with country) must be approximately Normal.
e. More than one of the four conditions above must be satisfied.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
33
____ 94. A radio show runs a phone-in survey each morning. One morning the show asked its listeners whether they
would prefer Congress or the president to set policy for the nation. The majority of those phoning in their responses answered “Congress,” and the station reported the results as statistically significant. We may safely conclude that
a. there is deep discontent in the nation with the president.
b. it is unlikely that, if all Americans were asked their opinion, the result would differ from that obtained in the poll.
c. there is strong evidence that the majority of Americans prefer Congress to set national policy.
d. the majority of those phoning in their responses prefer Congress to set policy for the nation, but know very little about anyone else.
e. that the majority of Americans would actually prefer the president to set policy, because of the biased method of data collection.
____ 95. A medical researcher wishes to investigate the effectiveness of exercise versus diet in losing weight. Two
groups of 25 overweight adult subjects are used, with a subject in each group matched to a similar subject in the other group on the basis of a number of physiological variables. One of the groups is placed on a regular program of vigorous exercise but with no restriction on diet, and the other is placed on a strict diet but with no requirement to exercise. The weight losses after 20 weeks are determined for each subject, and the difference between matched pairs of subjects (weight loss of subject in exercise group–weight loss of matched subject in diet group) is computed. The mean of these differences in weight loss is found to be –2 lb with standard deviation s = 4 lb. Is this evidence of a difference in mean weight loss for the two methods? To answer this question, you should use
a. one-proportion z test.
b. one-sample t test.
c. one-proportion z interval.
d. one-sample t interval.
e. none of the above.
____ 96. According to Humane Society data, 39% of households in the United States have at least one dog. In the United Kingdom, 23% of households have at least one dog. Suppose you select an SRS of 75 households in the U.S. and 80 households in the U.K., and calculate p81 = the proportion of households in the U.S. sample
that have a dog, and p82 = the proportion of households in the U.K. sample that have a dog. Which of the
following best describes the sampling distribution of p81 − p82 ?
a. Mean = 0.16, Standard deviation = 0.024, Shape unknown
b. Mean unknown, Standard deviation unknown, Shape approximately Normal.
c. Mean = 0.16, Standard deviation = 0.024, Shape approximately Normal.
d. Mean unknown, Standard deviation unknown, Shape unknown.
e. Mean = 0.16, Standard deviation = 0.073, Shape approximately Normal.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
34
Scenario 10-2
An SRS of 100 flights by Nite-flite Airlines showed that 64 were on time. An SRS of 100 flights by Waxwing Airlines showed that 80 were on time. Let pN be the proportion of on-time flights for all Nite-flite
Airline flights, and let pW be the proportion of all on-time flights for all Waxwing Airlines flights.
____ 97. Use Scenario 10-2. Is there evidence of a difference in the on-time rate for the two airlines? To determine this, you test the hypothesis H0 :p 1 − p 2 = 0 against Ha :p 1 − p 2 ≠ 0 The P-value of your test is 0.0117.
Which of the following is an appropriate interpretation of the P-value?
a. If the on-time rates for the two airlines are equal, the probability of getting samples with a difference as far or farther from zero as these samples is 0.0117.
b. If the on-time rates for the two airlines are not equal, the probability of getting samples with a difference as far or farther from zero as these samples is 0.9883.
c. The probability of making a Type I error is 0.0117.
d. The probability of making a Type II error is 0.0117.
e. The probability that H0 is true is 0.0117.
Scenario 10-4
An agricultural researcher wishes to see if a kelp extract helps prevent frost damage on tomato plants. One hundred tomato plants in individual containers are randomly assigned to two different groups. Plants in both groups are treated identically, except that the plants in group 1 are sprayed weekly with a kelp extract, while the plants in group 2 are not. After the first frost in the autumn, 12 of the 50 plants in group 1 exhibited damage, and 18 of the 50 plants in group 2 showed damage. Let p1 be the actual proportion of all tomato
plants of this variety that would experience damage under the kelp treatment, and let p2 be the actual
proportion of all tomato plants of this variety that would experience damage under the no-kelp treatment, assuming that the tomatoes are grown under conditions similar to those in the experiment.
____ 98. Use Scenario 10-4. In the original design for this experiment, 50 tomato plants were grown in one large
container and 50 more were grown in a second container. The plants in container 1 were sprayed with kelp extract and the plants in container 2 were not. Why would z-procedures for confidence intervals and tests of significance be of questionable value in this situation?
a. We cannot be sure that the Normality condition has been met.
b. We don’t know whether the 10% condition has been met.
c. Individual plants were not assigned randomly to the two experimental treatments—any influence of kelp extract is confounded with differences between the two containers.
d. Because we don’t know the standard deviation for either population, we shouldn’t use z-procedures.
e. We are collecting results on the entire population of plants, so statistical inference from samples is unnecessary.
Name: ________________________ ID: A
35
Scenario 10-7
Some researchers have conjectured that stem-pitting disease in peach tree seedlings might be controlled with weed and soil treatment. An experiment was conducted to compare peach tree seedling growth with soil and weeds treated with one of two herbicides. In a field containing 20 seedlings, 10 were randomly selected from throughout the field and assigned to receive Herbicide A. The remaining 10 seedlings were to receive Herbicide B. Soil and weeds for each seedling were treated with the appropriate herbicide, and at the end of the study period, the height (in centimeters) was recorded for each seedling. A box plot of each data set showed no indication of non-Normality. The following results were obtained:
x(cm) S (cm)
Herbicide A 94.5 10
Herbicide B 109.1 9
____ 99. Use Scenario 10-7. A 95% confidence interval for µB − µA is given by which of the following expressions?
(Use the conservative value for degrees of freedom.)
a. (109.1 − 94.5) ±102
10+
92
10
b. (109.1 − 94.5) ± 1.96102
10+
92
10
c. (109.1 − 94.5) ± 2.262102
10+
92
10
d. (109.1 − 94.5) ± 1.96102
9+
92
9
e. (109.1 − 94.5) ± 2.262102
9+
92
9
Name: ________________________ ID: A
36
Scenario 10-8
A researcher wished to test the effect of the addition of extra calcium to yogurt on the “tastiness” of yogurt. Sixty-two adult volunteers were randomly divided into two groups of 31 subjects each. Group 1 tasted yogurt containing the extra calcium. Group 2 tasted yogurt from the same batch as group 1 but without the added calcium. Both groups rated the flavor on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being “very unpleasant” and 10 being “very pleasant.” The mean rating for group 1 was x1 = 6.5 with a standard deviation of s1 = 1.5. The mean
rating for group 2 was x2 = 7.0 with a standard deviation of s2 = 2.0. Letµ1 and µ2 represent the mean
ratings we would observe for the entire population represented by the volunteers if all members of this population tasted, respectively, the yogurt with and without the added calcium.
____ 100. Use Scenario 10-8. Assuming the conditions for using t-procedures have been met, which of the following represents a 90% confidence interval for (using a conservative value for the degrees of freedom).
a. (6.5 − 7.0) ± 1.6451.52
31+
2.02
31
b. (6.5 − 7.0) ± 1.6451.52
31+
2.02
31
c. (6.5 − 7.0) ± 1.6451.52
30+
2.02
30
d. (6.5 − 7.0) ± 1.6971.52
31+
2.02
31
e. (6.5 − 7.0) ± 1.6971.52
30+
2.02
30
ID: A
1
Spring 2017 AP Statistics Final Exam Study Guide
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Individuals and variables
2. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Marginal distribution-calculation
3. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Conditional distribution--calculation
4. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Marginal distribution-identification
5. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: mean, median, and skew
6. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Interpret boxplot
7. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Interpret boxplot
8. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Mean and standard deviation behavior
9. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Choosing the right measures
10. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Density curve calculation
11. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Density curve calculation
12. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Percentiles
13. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Standard score idea
14. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: z-score calculation
15. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 68-95-99.7 rule
16. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 68-95-99.7 rule
17. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Standard deviation of Normal distribution from quartiles
18. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Impact of outlier on r
19. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Non-linear data and r
20. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: How r is calculated
21. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Residual estimate from graph
22. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Explanatory/response
23. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: What least-squares means
24. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Characteristics of LSRL
25. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: y-intercept from formula
26. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Mean of residuals = 0
27. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Interpreting residual plot
28. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Extrapolation
29. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Interpret residual
30. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Prediction
31. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Interpret s
32. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Bias from undercoverage
33. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Voluntary response
34. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Convenience sample
35. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: What a SRS doesn't do
36. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Stratification and blocking
37. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: What kind of sampling? (Stratified)
38. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: What kind of sampling? (Stratified)
39. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: What kind of bias? (Response bias)
ID: A
2
40. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Identify factors
41. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Scope of inference
42. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Block design
43. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Simulation to estimate probability
44. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Sample space
45. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Basic Probability Rules
46. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Multiplication Rule, Independent events
47. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Intersection of events
48. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Venn diagrams
49. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Conditional probability from 2-way table
50. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Tree diagram from probabilities
51. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Venn diagrams
52. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Conditional probability from 2-way table
53. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Multiplication Rule, Independent events; Complement
54. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Identifying random variables
55. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Identifying random variables
56. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Idea of random variable
57. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Discrete random variables: probabilities from tables
58. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Discrete random variables: probabilities from tables
59. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Continuous rand. vars.: probabilities from density curves
60. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Continuous rand. vars.: probabilities from density curves
61. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Normal random variable probability
62. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Normal random variable probability
63. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Combining normal random variables
64. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Std. dev. of sum of random variables
65. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Combining normal random variables
66. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Binomial mean
67. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Geometric mean
68. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Parameter vs. Statistic
69. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Idea of a sampling distribution
70. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Sampling distribution vs. other distributions
71. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Variability and sample size
72. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 10% condition
73. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Properties of the sampling distribution of proportions
74. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Central limit theorem
75. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 10% condition and central limit theorem
76. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Interpret confidence level
77. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Margin of error and point estimate
78. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Factors influencing width of confidence interval
79. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Factors influencing width of confidence interval
80. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Factors influencing width of confidence interval
81. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Calculate confidence interval for p
82. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Comparing t-distribution to standard Normal
83. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Calculate confidence interval for mu
84. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Choosing sample size (means)
ID: A
3
85. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Stating hypotheses
86. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Idea of P-value
87. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Idea of P-value
88. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Statistical significance
89. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Type I and II error
90. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Calculations for proportions test
91. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: t-test: find P-value
92. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Conditions for paired t-test
93. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Conditions for paired t-test
94. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Using tests wisely (poor design)
95. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Choosing a procedure
96. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: Sampling distribution of difference of proportions
97. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Significance test for p1-p2: Interpret P-value
98. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Conditions for inference p1-p2
99. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: confidence interval for mu1-mu2 (formula)
100. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Confidence interval for mu1-mu2 (formula)
