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2. 1. Example of layout #1. Pennsylvania#2. Albany, NY. The New Frontier & The Great Society. John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. Brainstorm. Who were the candidates in the 1960 election? What were the two major issues in 1960? How did the election of 1960 change politics?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Example of layout#1. Pennsylvania #2. Albany, NY
THE NEW FRONTIER &THE GREAT SOCIETYJohn F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson
Brainstorm Who were the candidates in the 1960
election?
What were the two major issues in 1960?
How did the election of 1960 change politics?
The Election of 1960 New Politics—Television
Debates/Campaigns Millions spent campaigning and 4 TV
Debates (Democrats $6 Million; Republicans $7.5
Million) Kennedy: Catholic, Wealthy & Influential
Family Nixon: Quaker, Former VP
Both focused on economy and were “Cold Warriors” that would stop the forces of Communism Kennedy: “Missile Gap” with US behind
Soviets Nixon: Democrat policies would boost
inflation
A Close Call…but Kennedy Wins
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Asked for citizens to take active role in
nation: “My fellow Americans, ask not what your
country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.”
New Frontier Kennedy’s Progressive Legislative Agenda Increase aid to education, provide health
insurance to elderly, create Department of Urban Affairs
The New Frontier’s Difficulties Democratic Party led House and
Senate
One would think JFK could get laws passed as a Dem
However, many Democrats liked Nixon and JFK did little on the campaign trail for fellow party members
Southern Democrats disliked New Frontier’s cost and defeated many proposals
Kennedy’s Successes Economic Gains by Deficit Spending
Defense and Space Exploration
Area Redevelopment Act and Housing Act created jobs and helped build low-income housing in poor areas
Business Practices Businesses keep prices low Labor leaders and unions reduce demands for wages US Steel companies raised prices—Kennedy threatens to
use cheap foreign steel and prices lower Secondary effect: distrust of JFK by businesses
Raised minimum wage
Kennedy’s Setbacks Tax cuts rejected
Lower taxes will allow companies to expand and all will benefit
“A rising tide lifts all boats” Fears of inflation
Health Insurance for Seniors voted down
Federal Aid for Education never passed
Women’s Rights 1961: Presidential Commission on the Status of
Women Federal action against gender discrimination Right of equally paid employment
1963: Equal Pay Act signed
Women in JFK administration Esther Peterson (Assistant Secretary of Labor and
director of Women’s Bureau of Department of Labor)
Rights of Disabled Americans 1961: President’s Panel on Mental Retardation
Funding of Research into developmental disabilities Educational and Vocational Programs Residential Treatment Centers Grants for prenatal care for low-income mothers
1963: Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act Construction of research centers, funds for training
personnel, grants for building mental health centers
Camp Shriver and the Special Olympics
1962: Eunice Kennedy Shriver, JFK’s sister, opened a day camp for children with developmental disabilities
Gave people with disabilities a chance to be physically competitive and active
Grew into the Special Olympics program 1968: First Special Olympics Games held in
Chicago
JFK and the Cold War
Brainstorming Activity What did Kennedy do to stop the spread
of communism?
What were some examples of crises during the Cold War?
Containing Communism Concern #1: The Soviet Union and Communism
Military Flexibility Buildup of Troops & Conventional Weaponry; Less
dependence on nukes; Special Forces) Economic Aid to Latin America
Alliance for Progress: $20 billion to establish schools, housing, health care, and fairer land distribution
Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Central America reformed Creation of the Peace Corps
Help fight poverty in less developed nations 2 year stints for volunteers Examples: Sewage systems, Medical Technology,
Roadways, Teach English, etc.
The Space Race Soviets won race with Sputnik in 1957
Yuri Gagarin became first person to orbit space in 1961 (Soviets beat US again)
Kennedy: “this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon”
The US in Space 1962: John Glenn orbits Earth
1965: Apollo orbits Earth Used Saturn V—most powerful rocket
July 20, 1969: Moon Landing Neil Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin,
Michael Collins “That’s one small step for a man, one giant
leap for mankind”
Crises of the Cold War Bay of Pigs Invasion (April 1961)
Berlin Wall Goes Up (June 1961)
Cuban Missile Crisis (Summer of 1962)
Death of JFK (November 22, 1963)
Bay of Pigs 1959: Castro overthrows Batista and reforms Cuba
Eisenhower feared use of Cuba as a base for communism—planned attack La Brigada: Cuban exiles trained by CIA to invade Kennedy approves plan
April 17, 1961: La Brigada invades Complete disaster—boats in coral reefs, air support
cancelled, almost 1400 exiled Cubans killed/captured
Berlin Wall Khrushchev upset with
Germans fleeing to West Germany Wants US, British, and France
to withdraw from Berlin Kennedy refuses
Khrushchev responds with wall and guards willing to shoot and kill those trying to escape to capitalistic West Germany
Cuban Missile Crisis Summer of 1962: US learns Soviets
building military base in Cuba
October 22: Kennedy announces to public that spy planes show USSR has long-range missile in Cuba
Kennedy orders naval blockade of Cuba to stop delivery of more missiles, demanded missile sites to be dismantled, and warned US would respond if attacked
Cuban Missile Crisis (continued) USSR offers deal: promise not to invade
Cuba and remove Turkish weapon site in return for missiles being removed from Cuba
Results of Crisis Treaty on Nuclear Testing—Not in
Atmosphere Khrushchev looks weak for retreating from
Cuba Khrushchev loses power in one year USSR show military inferiority and starts
arms races
Warren Court Reforms Activity
ReviewWhy was the election of 1960 important in
regards to politics?
Why was Cuba important during the 1960s?
What were some of the big Supreme Court cases under Earl Warren?
Brainstorming Activity Who is Lyndon B. Johnson?
What did the Great Society focus on?
LYNDON B. JOHNSON & THE GREAT SOCIETYUnited States History
JFK is assassinated November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas
Lee Harvey Oswald: man accused of killing JFK Shot to death two days later while in police
custody by Jack Ruby
Warren Commission (1964): Report looking into JFK assassination Headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren Finding: Oswald was the lone assassin
Lyndon B. Johnson Vice President to JFK
From the “hill country” of Texas; much different style than Kennedy
Known for making things happen by bargaining or finding a consensus
Believed the US should continue Kennedy’s policies
Began a crusade on poverty in America 50 million people in poverty according to Harrington’s The Other
America Mostly in slums, Appalachia, the Deep South, and Native American
Reservations
Election of 1964
Focus of Great Society War on Poverty
Civil Rights
Health care
Education
Consumer and Environmental Protections
The Great Society’s Programs
Review/BrainstormReview
What were some of the Great Society’s programs?
How did Lyndon B. Johnson gain support after the JFK assassination?
Brainstorm What was the Civil Rights Movement? Who are some notable people involved? What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Civil Rights Movement
Overview “Separate but Equal” Doctrine (Plessy v.
Ferguson)
Rosa Parks
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Group Activity Please get into the following groups:
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3Shannon Mike K. Shelby
Shane Carrie EricaKassidy Nate Elon
Group 4 Group 5 Group 6Atlanta Trevor Brandon
Billy Tim JamieNadia Zacc L. Mike C.
Activity Procedure For today’s class, we will be looking at
the Montgomery Bus Boycott through a series of documents.
You will be expected to discuss as a group what the significance of these documents are and will be required to answer a series of follow-up questions towards the end of class.
Documents Pg. 1: Montgomery City Code
Pg. 2: News Recap of Conference to Stop Boycott
Pg. 3: List of African-American Needs (according to Montgomery citizens)
Pg. 4: Editorial Regarding Overturning Plessy v. Ferguson
Pg. 5: Integrated Bus Suggestions by African-American population
Questions to Consider (Discussed)
Pg. 1: What is the significance of this code? What does it really mean?
Pg. 2: What did the African-American community request? Were these requests reasonable? Why or why not?
Pg. 3: How does the separate but equal doctrine get questioned by the African-American population? (Give Examples)
Pg. 4: How do you feel about the editorial? Would you expect the writer to be an African-American? Why or why not?
Pg. 5: What do you think about the suggestions? Give your opinion on at least three.