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Exam Anatomy & Physiology
Important notes:1. This exam consists of 9 questions.2. When you
are asked to make a drawing, p ease make the drawing
approximate y 1!x1! cm with c ear detai s.". When you are asked
to draw a graph, p ease indicate the #aria$ es and the
corresponding units at the axes %e.g. &'ength (mm)*+.. -ach
question is worth 1! points. The grade for the exam is ca cu
ated
according to this formu a: rade / %tota amount of points 0 1!+
1!. Thisgrade wi account for 9! of the course grade.
Cell physiologya+ -xp ain function of desmosomes.$+ 3raw the
$asic structure of a p asma mem$rane.c+ What changes in the
mem$rane when permea$i ity for 4a 0
is changed5
2 points points points
Cardiovascular systema+ 3escri$e how cardiac output is a6ected
$y periphera
#asoconstriction.$+ 3e7ne contracti ity.c+ Is the cardiac output
dou$ ed when the heart rate dou$ es5
Why %not+5
" points" points
points
Nervous systema+ 3raw a typica action potentia . Indicate the #a
ues on the
axis.$+ -xp ain what happens in each phasec+ 4ame the two
factors in8uencing the conduction #e ocity of
action potentia s.d+ -xp ain what happens with the conduction #e
ocity for
peop e with mu tip e sc erosis disease.
2 points points
2 points
2 points
Immune systema+ What is humora immunity %type of ymphocytes in#o
#ed,
anti$ody secretion 4, primary target ce s+5$+ What is di6erence
$etween primary and secondary immune
response, which is more rapid and why5c+ 3escri$e how a 8u
attack emerges and how it is remo#ed $y
the immune system.
points
" points
" points
Respiratory systema+ Two $a oons 7 ed with air are connected to
each other #ia a points
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tu$e with a #a #e %see 7gure+. The #a ce is c osed. Thediameter
of a oon ; is arger than the diameter of a oon
. 3escri$e what happens when the #a #e is opened %so aircan 8ow
free y $etween a oon ; and a oon +.
$+ -xp ain what happens using the formu a stated in 'a<
ace*s
aw
c+ In the ungs, exp ain how surfactant he ps to pre#ent theco
apse of the a #eo i.
" points
" points
Digestive system and metabolisma+ What is the main nutrient in
$read5$+ What is the main function of this nutrient5c+ Which two
digesti#e processes take p ace in the mouth when
eating $read5d+ -xp ain why mechanica digestion a ows for more
e6ecti#e
chemica digestion of food stu6.
2 points2 points2 points
points
Urinary system
a+ =ake a drawing of a nephron and name the > main parts
ofthe tu$u ar e ements$+ -xp ain the e6ect of ;3? on the water
rea$sorption in the
kidney.c+ -xp ain the ro e of the endocrine system in the
production of
;3?.
points
2 points
points
Endocrine systema+ 4ame the two hormones that are in#o #ed in
the contro of
$ ood g ucose e#e s.$+ 3raw a schematic #iew of the contro
process when the
$ ood g ucose e#e is too high.c+ Indicate where and how this
contro system is distur$ed in
$oth types of dia$etes patients.d+ In dia$etes patients, shou d
insu in $e administered during a
mea or during a period of fasting5 Why5
2 points
points
2 points
2 points
Reproductive systema+ 3e7ne ferti i@ation and pro#ide the name
of the ferti i@ed egg$+ Which hormone is secreted intensi#e y at
the $eginning of
the pregnancy5
c+ -xp ain the ro e of oxytocin and prostag andins in
theinitiation of a$our.
2 points2 points" points" points
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d+ 4ame and descri$e shor ty the " stages of a$our.
