Evolution of Social Security

8/3/2019 Evolution of Social Security

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Evolution of Social

Security


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Phases of Evolution


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Social Security In ColonialIndia

Period of Pre 1919

Pre World War 1 period

The Then Indian Govt. started sensing the necessity tohave social security benefits to the working class or

working population when the factory system startedgrowing with the establishment of Cotton mills inBombay in 1851 and Jute mills in Bengal in 1855.

The conditions prevailing in these factories wereinhuman. The working hours were excessive, provisions

for safety were nil. With growing accidents in the industries and increasing

unrest among the working population, industrialists feltthat there should be some sort of sops to be given to theworking class

This lead to the enactment of Fatal Accidents Act 1855on the model of English Fatal Accidents Act 1846


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Period Between 1919 and 1941

Its a period worth noting in the history of socialsecurity in the colonial India

Beginning of Trade Unionism

In India, the agitations launched during 1920 have led

to the passing ofWorkmens Compensation Act,1923. Though this Act was passed on 5.3.1923 itcame into force from 1.7.1924

The object of the act was to "eliminate the hardshipexperienced under the common system, by providing

prompt payment of benefits regardless of fault andwith a minimum of legal formality.

After this Act, the Government of India enacted theProvident Funds Act, 1925. It was made applicableto Railways and Government Industrial

establishments.


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On the recommendation of the Royal Commission

on Labour, Ajmer Merwar in 1934, Delhi in 1937,Madras and United Province in 1938 passedmaternity benefit legislation. In addition to theseprovincial legislations the Central legislationpassed was for the Miners with the enactments ofMines Maternity Benefits Act 1941. These

legislations provided for the payment of Maternitybenefit to the women employed in Mines

Another legislation aiming at abrogating thedoctrine of common employment and assumedrisk was passed in 1938 by enacting Employers

Liability Act 1938.


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Period From 1942 to 1946

It started from 1942, with the third LabourMinisters Conference

The Beveridge Report of British Social Insuranceand Allied Services in England, Wagmur-Murray,

Diongal Bill in USA and Marsh plan (Report onsocial security) in Canada have compelledcolonial Indian Government to come out withsome meaningful legislative measures for socialsecurity

In the Beveridge Committee Report (1942),Social Security was defined as Freedom fromWant .In actual implementation, social securityprovision was restricted to only three measures,viz.,

Children s Allowances


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Social Security in IndependentIndia

The interim government formulated a five year programmefor the welfare of the labour class. The main features of theprogrammes were:

Organization of Health Insurance Scheme, applicableto factory workers to start with.

Revision of workmens compensation Act.

A central law for maternity benefit.

Extension to other classes of workers of the right,within specific limits to leave with allowances duringthe sickness (Report of National Commission onLabour, 1969).

The year 1947 also witnessed the enactment ofIndustrialDisputes Act empowering the industrial worker to raisean industrial dispute regarding the payment of gratuity.Thus gratuity became a legal right


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Plan wise Observations

The Five year plans that followed enactment ofConstitution have emphasized the need for SocialSecurity Schemes to achieve the desired result. Theplan wise observations are the following:

The First Five Year plan had two main objectives

A better standard of life for the people

Social justice.

The objectives of the Plan reflect the idealism of thecommunity and are derived from the DirectivePrinciples of State Policy embodied in the Constitution.

While the first two plans outlined the schemes of socialinsurance to cover a limited number of urban wage-

earners, the Third Plan sought to break new ground ofsocial assistance


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The Fifth Five Years Plan found that "stray progress

is being achieved in social security measures. Itreiterated the suggestion of the Committee onPerspective Planning appointed by the EmployeesState Insurance Corporation that the Employees StateInsurance Scheme should carry out a 5-year phased

programme of extension of additional categories ofestablishments, including smaller factories, shops andcommercial establishments, mines and otherestablishments. The Plan also stated that the scope forintegrating certain important social security measuresis being studied

The Sixth Fives Years Plan report marked theprogress made in the social security scheme in India. Itrecommended that the provident fund scheme should

be gradually extended to smaller establishments and to


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In the Seventh Five Years Plan, the main thrustwas on implementation of the National Policy onEducation (NPE), which was formulated in 1986 andrevised in 1992. The National Literacy Mission waslaunched in 1988 in pursuance of this policy. A mainfeature of union government policy for education has

been the provision of free education, which impliesexemption from fees in elementary schools thoughother expenses amount to a considerable amount.Subsidies for school feeding programmes and severalcentrally sponsored programmes such as Operation

Blackboard have been the main features as far aselementary education is concerned. In the case ofhealth, the National policy on Health announced in1983 set the tone for various measures aimed atachieving Health For All by the year 2000.


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The Eighth Five Years Plan gave considerable

importance to enhancing social capabilities inpursuance of the objective of human development,which was considered the ultimate goal. of the Plan.

The Ninth Five Years Plan spoke about .thepossibility of setting up of a separate Department ofSocial Security within the Ministry of Labour with astrong Research and Development wing to facilitateand accelerate the development process and achieveextension of social protection to all sections of the

working population would be explored.

The Tenth Five Years Plan has extensively dealtwith the social security. It has emphasized the need to

develop social security programs, particularly pensionprograms for the unorganized sector in a phased


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Thank You

Documents

Evolution of Social Security