Evolution and Mental Disorders

8/16/2019 Evolution and Mental Disorders

1/26

Frm:he andbook ofvolutior sychoog

Edited by David BussJo Wile nd Sos, Hbken NJ

CHAPTER 32

Evolutionary Psychologyand Mental Health

A

AN EJNY ESETIVE voltonzd o ndtndng o hvo ov gnton go, ot nl hlh lnn ndh l l v volon n ntng o vn hnng l

tntv, ntd o ognng t n ntl n o dtndngntl dod ny o pln th lg n nopong n noldg,t th 1o potnt y h lnn pg1 o on ndng y tohlp popl n Evoltony h hv not ond n ttnt o ngl nl dod, o hy hold 1ntl hlh lnn nd h o volony pyhology EP? Th hp pt to n thtqon Th gt vl o n volony ppoh no o p ndng o n\ hpy, nd th o t povd o nng l l JL to opyhool odl Php qlly vll h dp pthy otd y n vlt ony ppv on l • v td An voltony pptv do no o1pt t h oth tho th ty o xpln hy o poplhv ntl dod nd oh do no Ind, ndntl ly d nt qon Why h nl lton lt ll h1n o vlnl to ntld od? At , h qon nl Ntl lon hp hn1 th \o, o ho n t hlp ndtnd hy th nd l lod lt to ho l to no hy vlnl Who hy llhn vlnrl t o dpron, hn th gol t o hlp h ndv dl ho dpd h nd no? Sonng h onptl hdl hllngth q t nd o. h nd lnn l l 1 h o hn

thy kno ·h volton o to h ndtndng o ntl dod

WAT EU T I N F FE

ny h onttd to th gth o voltony pyhty, t th ont-on n dv o nd no y onnt Ely pplon o

903


2/26


3/26


4/26

Evolutionary Pszoog and Mena Heah 90

rral agrcltral t N cnparabl rt tatng drdr rat nntrgatrr pplatn T nrtnat bca c td ay ntb pbl n th nxt gnratn, bt ndrtandabl bca th td-lgal btal

Mnt al d rdr ar tn blad n t drn nvrnnt Wn radngand rtng r rt

pradng, rtn atrbtd nlancly t xv

tdy an d t lt tl n" ( tn, /91) Mch r rcntl rtrp-t data d t ggt tht dprn rat r ncrang rpdly thach nratn (ratnal llabra rp 99) vr data gath-rd ng ntnt qtn n th a pplatn vr nt dcadhd n ch ncra ( M rphy ard, nn Sbl, ghtn 000)Fr dr nd alhl prbl, th try r larct T rapd prad !hla ng tchnlgy cngd r rld n ay r pc ha n t ytadaptd t (Inttt Mdcn, 19) althgh lctn nay hav nradth rqncy a dct v aldhyd dhydrgna gn hat ay prtct Aanpplatn r all M St, 19)

Infecion an Cevoon Intn prt bca r vry vltnary d-vanc t cap batra and vr tchd by thr atr vltn(A S. rn t al 00 Eald 99 Frthrr, th dn tat prtct, pally nn rpn tnd t a prbln1 hn1l Sntal drdr !y r r ar rac t pathgn and thr t-nn qla. Fr ntan ca bvcplv drdrnay rlt trptccalndd at n danag t t adat ncl (Sd, lnard, Klng, F9) Prnata l xpr t nctn n1ayprdp t chprna (dg•rd Eald, chran, 00:) ggtd by ncr


5/26

906 voLTrOIZJG RIIONL Drs!E oF PscHoo

Cnstint Syst1s s by nturl slcton r subjct to svrl sclconstrnts, scly t nnc. For nstnc, r stuc t ysos vssls n nrvs run btn t lgt n t rtn Furtror, ncontrst to conscously crt sgns, bologcl gns r roucts of slc-ton tt nvolv lt otons rnom ffcts, nccurt trnsmsson of tDN co n t vgrs of ntrcton ffcts t ffrnt nvronmnts.Fr from sumng tt vrytng tv n volutory roc cl ls t -tnton to fctv n substnr sgns tt rsult from multl troffs,constrnts n rrors

Un I Rpdti Nt ath Mny mgn tt slctonss bos mns tt r y, longlv, n coort It os,n tos trts ncrs rrouctv RS) Ho gn tt crss lt, longvty, or coortvnss ll nontls sr f t n-crss R uc gns r ly rsonsbl for my of our lst vlucrctrstcs, suc s b ttr comtton, nvy/ gr n ununcbl sxulsr n jlousy uss, 2000) T frncs btn t s' rs lrgly

bcus ffrnt rroutv strt'gs s ffrnt ysl n ntltrts, vn t t xns of longvty n nvul llbn ronn, 99;Dly Wlson, 83 ry 998 Krugr Nss, 2004)

Dns Pn, coug, fvr, n otr rotctv rsonss r unlsnt butusful rsonss tt rotct s from ng'r n loss T rvlt tnncy toconfus ts fnss t sss n fcts s bn c T ncnslluson" Nss Wllms 994). Most yscns n tt coug n nflm-mton r ttons, bu t t utl ty of fr rr n nxty s lss lyrco. A nv v ss our vulnrJblty to ngtv motons s xmlsof oor sgn ut nturl slcton os not cr fg for our nss; t ustmnssly ss tvr moton tnnc ncrs R Nss, 99

Tooby osms, 990) Wl ostv motons r usful n stutons nrgy n rstng y off Frrcson, 8), ty c b ft n ngrousstutos Ns 2004)

in p auss volutonry rocs to mntl ors ms on of t rcng sx ossbl xln


6/26

Eolory Pyhology d a ealh 97

siplistic approach to the causs o metal dsordrs, a olutioary perspectie prodes a ramework or organg th genuine compleity into a biopsychoso-cial prspcte Weer, 18).

N VOUIONR RMWOK OR NRNING MN

BVIOR N MOION

When a patnt comes to the gnral dical linic wth cough or kidy alurethe physa kows that cough s a protetie respons ad that the kidny ilters out tons ad rulates salt and Vatr ba By ontrst, wh a ptentcomes to a metal halth cl th a phoba, the utlty o aety may ner beosidrd. hen someone ons with jalousy osdrato o its normal untions s uliky Mtal halth proessonls lck body o kowledge about or-mal emotoal utos omparable to th udrstandg physology oers to

geral md is bgng to proid ths missig body o knowldg, assh by tl haptrs ths dbook, ad by olutonary perspcties o motato rch, Kaml & gr, 2), emoton Pluthk, 3), and spciictopics such as gr Archer, 1Y)

NTN!N IV!U J J

EP ca brg ormatio about a ndiduals idosyncratic alus, goals adli situatios to a siet ramwork Consdr oh, a dpressed 2yearoldman \ho \orks two obs i loal stores to support hs disabld mrWhn hs 14, hs dyig athr mad hm promis to tk car o his mother always Hehas b dog thces ge more sght ito his dpreso than a do do gr


7/26

908 vooNZING RAITIONA DCNE o PsCHOOGY

aspets of hman behaio that ae essential to ndestandin ental disodessh as o apaities fo moal ation and the emotions of pide and ilt (at 2000 eletion a hae shaped apaities fo oitment that ae speio toational allation (Fank 1988; intis 2000; Nesse 2001a

yhodys Feds theoies ae idiled bease some ae won and bease pshoanalsis is not eliabl effetie Howee the ealit of epession isa pofond fat of hman nate that needs an eoltiona eplanation (adok 1988 llowa 1985 alon with phenomena sh as the Oedips ompleison 1993. ies and leande sepaatel sested that selfdeeption isa state fo deeiin othes (leande 1975 ies 197 2000 bt peoplealso ma epess the sins of othes to pesee alable ationships (Nesse1990b losel elated is iess (1974 insiht that eession ma be an effe-tie state sed b offspin to maniplate thei paents into poidin e-soes that wold be appopiate onl if the wee one o sik. His moe eneal theo of paentoffspin onflit is the neleted fondation fo nde-standin man hildhood disodes ttempts to poide an eoltiona fo nda-

tion fo pshodnamis ae deelopin (adok 1988 lain & iegman 1992; llowa 1985 bt emain elatil nappeiated b psoanalsts pehaps bease an eoltiona iew fostes skeptiis that ndeminn epession will be helpfl otinel (lain & ieman 1990

eveopet Deelopmental psholo now offes sophistiated assessments ofetensie data abot what hilden do at diffeent staes of life and how these phenoena a aoss ltes It ineasinl takes eoltion into aont(ateson & Matin 2000; ea & joklnd 2000; Rtte & Rtte 1993 In themidst of a bst of inteest in faltatie deelopmental mehaniss and theiole in eoltion (Hall 1998; Westbehad 2003 eoltiona psholoistshae ben lookin fo mehaniss that se enionment inpts to adjst deel-

opmental pathwas n obios faltatie adaptation is the elation of femaleepodtie onset b fat stoes (be 1987 ess well sppoted ae poposalsthat eal fathe absene indes eal epodtion (elsk teinbe & Dape1991; Dape & Hapendin 1982 be 1990 possible adaptation with pa-tila eleane fo mental disodes is the adjstment of the ain in the hpo-thalami pitita ais sstem in esponse to eal stess and the tansmission ofthis sensitiit aoss the eneatns b matenal inflenes on fetal bain de- elopment (sse lein nsk & alin 2002; eihe et a! 2003

MOTION AN THE OTIO NA D IORER

Most mental disodes ae emotional disodes People ome fo teatment be

ase the epeiene aniet depsion ane o jealos. Man assme thatsh neatie emotions ae abnomal bt the ae sef at least fo o enesPeople with depession and aniet ae so obiosl impaied that it is diffiltto see how sh emotions old be sefl Howee seletion has shaped emotion eation mehanisms that often ie ise to nomal bt seless sffein(Nesse 2004 2005 n eoltiona fondation fo stdies of emotions is nowotine (kman 1992 Nesse 1990a; Plthik 2003 oob & Cosmides 1990 and


8/26

Evolutionary Psychology and Mental Healt 0

rcoon rown a noons ar spca a apd y scon o adana n nsncan aons a a rcrrd or oonary

J/NSS

Wn s an oon anoa crra or psycarc danoss ar asd onnnsy don and asocad day (mran ycarc socaon] ) xrm ar anorma wo nn ncons o mo-on n wn norma and anorma rans sc D. Mrpy &Sc 200 Ns 201 r & McGr 202 Wad 12) a o anoonary ondaon osr ro rror ndn dsrn connomoons as aors and ncn anorma condon caracrd y x- pov or dcn n on n addon danosc crra do nocondr approprans o an moon o saon nra dcn ad daos aordn o sray d n pycary wold danoanorma o dordr ad on co rqncy and ry wo ond-rn Vr co \a a norma rpons n cran saons ar rom

nn y aorca Da1wsti and Stati�tial Mmal (f Mnal Disord y- D; rcan Pycrc ssocaon 4) ors a rd ooa w (How 202)

any ar a DSM sym n ndrsandn p Frs & n-c 200 and vra aor a ssd oonary prnps can po m dano mor sn D Mrpy and S (20 a} DM o asor s aora approac and s dsnn dsordrs a ars rom

ran anorma rom o a ar rom norma rans pod o no nv-ronmn y propo ars ad on prsmd modary o onvdn ad 12) or a ron rq o DSM, sn onp oarm dysncon o cary w and no a dsordr s opcadoonary anays o psycarc dano ar a s sn or ma a

w a pya dsordrs o para norm rom anorma pnomna asd on wr y ar


9/26

910 voLONIING RATON DrrLNE o PsYCHOLOGY

c. Rsposs tt s fom o1l systm bu t tt ot sful tptcl stc

d. Nol sposs tt uslss o mful o ut ould ot vb t cstl vomt

Noml sposs tt do ot m t dvdu but tt dfd sboml by gop o ultu

2 yptoms sg fom boml gulto of oml moto o pty Spf dfcts, gt o ud , ccout fo t dysguto

sto fom blo d poblms).b Dysgulto sg fom sol dlmms o complts cto

fo m bov' soft poblms)c E tms of tt d stbuto tt cJs vulblty

3 Abomlts of bvo cogt, d moto tt sL fom fud-tl b o cogtv bomlts ot ply volvd t systmstt gult moto bo g, l posog)

NI VI A DrFERN'Eost psyct s ttpts to pl dvdul ffs Dsptgog gmt o t mpotc of gvomt tto s Kdl ,Ku, & Psott 20; Rdy 2003 Rtt & Rtt, 19 mo dsgspsst out y som popl gt l l d ots do ot D fft utots Lm-ps dfft sl ftos gt, dvlopmtl, stutol, tc) Ffom mpsg gtc dffs, volutoy v povds fm'oktt glgts t ltosps mog l l fJctos d lvls t lso otbutssttgs fo vodg som s mpl sts

uc msudstdg ss fom ofusg ttmpts to pl t stc of tt t ttmpts to xpl vtos tt It s ssl ss to sktl tgl s usd o by ts lgt o ts dt Hov ct

gls vy oly f t dt o lgt o bot) gs Lvtos mog dvduls c slt oly fom dffs g, dffcs vomt, d t tctos bt t. T popoto ofvc ttbtbl to compot s ot f d, b t vs dpLdg o tlptl vomt d t g of gotyps Poupto tuvsus utu s dstctd tto fom t y dfft outs to ds-od A volutoy ppoc fosts s mu ltous codto of t m yftos tt my xpl dvdul vto tt, som of l std Tbl 322

T ts o f outg fo dvdl dffcs sould ot bL dud to gug bout t ltv mpot of o fto ompd t ot t s,std, t l lg of pltg o c otuts to d du dff'

cs ptul tt d o t cotbutos to ptu tt myb dfft ot oly bt fmls popultos o ultus but v V dvduls T sposbl fcts my b mly gt o dvdul d ly vomtl ot Ts s pctl mp ltos fomtl lt s Fo st d to t usly t possbltytt y dfft gs otbut to dpsso vullty by my d_fft ots


10/26

Evolutonary sycholoy an enta Hat 911

a Twlv Sourc o Invua Drnc

1 Aitiv gntc irnc aong niviual that rut in hnotic irnc(n thi nvironnt)

Variaton rulting ro Gn Envronnt intraction

Variation rulting ro Gn Gn intraction

Aortativ atingnonrano ating incra or cra trat varianc Rano actor n vont uch a th tochatic ath o nuron gration Ect o cu that inlunc vlont via acutatv chani to a trajc

tor ut to th articular nvronnt, uch a ar hat our inuncngth nubr o ault wat glan

Ect o traua toin an othr nvironnta our outi th rang onora that aag th organi or itort it vont

Ect o nvronntal actor that nlunc th organi "to�own va rctua rinc without ruting in aag or acting via a ciic acultatvchan

Ect o nvironntal actor that inlunc th organ ro th bottouthat ar nithr aaging nor at via acultativ aataton

1 Ect o inviual arning that aciitat ibl coing with currnt act o

th nvironnt11 Erinc har within a cultur that ar incororat into vau an otiona

rociviti that a b iicut to chang latr (uch a valu or ual attitu) Ernc har wthin a cutur who ct account or variaton that

chang rail whn conition chang

DD

olutioy pespetie lls tttio to a distito tht is udmtld wel eoied i ost of medie, ut uoutly eleted psyhity. oe edl oditos, suh s d epilpsy, e diseses tht is

fom som omlity i the ods mehisms, while othes, suh s pi douh, e potetie sposs ome metl disodes, suh s shiophed utism e lost etly speifi disss o lusts of disss, while oths, suh s dpssio d pi disode fudmetll difft i thtthy useful poteti ehss, leit oes tht dily o wy. Not llmtl dsods otiol disods, ut y e, d thy ds osidetio toethe

MOTI NL D ISOES

Most metl disods e motiol disodes, ut the ot yt sd okowlede out th ois d futios of emotos Isted, itese o poloed t motios e sid to e oml, iespetie of the situtio,

while defits i etie motios d eesses o positie emotos e el e oied s disodes A eolutioy pspeti poides oe led iw.

Anxity Diordrs Althouh iety usefu dy outh d teo whe std efo l oup seem wose th usss ikewise, thsymptoms of p my hlp espe fo lio, ut thy e uhelpful oey stoe We o st mout of kowlde out the esposil i


11/26

91 oNG II NL DSCES o P YHGY

nechanisms, but no comparable body o f knowledge about the evolutionary ori-gins and utility of social anxety or panic (Nesse, 19) Similarly, hundreds ofstudes document every aspect of ecessive aniety states, but only a handfullook for states of deficient anxiety, th hypophobias (Marks & Nesse, 1994) Onestud tried to confirm that fear of heigts often results from severe falls early inlfe It found adut far of heights in 1 of the control group but only 3% of the

group that had experiLnced a fall early in lfe hose "ith hypophoba early inlfe stll had deficent anety dcades later (Poulton Davies, Menzies, angley, &a, 1998).

Aniety llustrte the diverit f the bods regulation mhanss (rlow,, 1 9H8 arks, 1987; Poultn enzis, 00 Stein & ouwer, 997) For nstance,

rgd defnsve responss to fid cues such as chicks hiding from hawkshapedshadows are useful when a correct reponse to the first encounter is essntabut thy sult n many false alarms and do not protct aganst novel dagersFlibl larng mchanisms protect against novel ngrs but may fal during acrucial nital eposure, and thy are prone to result in phobas ocial lCarning isanothr solution. Inft rhsus mokys show no innate far of snaks; hever,a singl obsrvation of another monkey displaying fear of snakes inducs long-

latng onc' Wtchng another monkey display far of a flwer induces nosuch far (Mneka, KCir rice, 190)

Expos r: treatment is ffctive for phobas, but the far rspns' s not unlaCd (rlow 198 Foa Stke, & Oaow, 195; ark & obea, 1990) n-stead, a new cortical process suppresss the fear rspon (Qurk 00) posureto dger dsrupts ths supprssion Thus th grat flood in Moscow caused theremergnc of prevousl tingushd fars in Pavlovs dogs his nay rlct aconstrant n a pathdependnt mchanism simp unlearnng apparently may beinpossibl•

Otlr fears cannot b xtingushed or instnc posttraumatc stress disordr(PTD) llustrates tm Jarning of the strongst sort. A singl !ifth'


12/26

uioay Pyhooy ad Meta Hath 91

agans hge pena hams, a n pmal ssem wll expess man aams haae nneessa n he pala nsane, b nneheless peel nnal.Ths sggess ha sng dg bl deenes ma be sae n ms nsanes b ha n sme sans blng a deense ma be aal

Mod iode The l as and depen s less bs han anxe b Bb ng C 95) ln ag sgged ha depessn naed he need dea when lbd pes n a nnen an neadng bje am-

bg amb and Baha 19) and Klnge 95) debed hw Lmnseglae gal p me eneal wh nabl eah a al anagge aemps em an bale hen lw md mang den

gagemen he pesn ds n ge p he gae ae eaaes n de pessn Th pnple, n nmed b mh eseah ( Bm '9 ae & hee, 1990 199 Emmn & ng, 19 anBm & Bman12 e, 999 Wsh hee, & Me, 200) pde he ndan ae geneal appah nd as a mehansm ha allae e ppnl ppsne (sse, 199b 2000) When pas ae hh pse md neae nave and sang hn ss ae bsana e le be as l nd bl nesmens n hs pepeve dn epsde sadne and lw md mae hngng behaal saege Wan & Andew 2002) n aenae s nd nd he gal s esen peen mae n depen Klne, 19 Wh, hee & ae, 200)

beans hen and mnes h l he pn n he hhhae ggeed a ew depessn a nvlna eldn h pes agansnnn aa (lbe 12 lman Pe, Glbe & Gadn 99·) T nen wh dZ shng ha esl eens ae dpesn manl heae had b hmlan and/ beng apped n an mpble es(G. W Bn a & epwh 199 endl, ma BLa Gadne &e, 2 ) Al elaed he sggesn ha sex dL n pnma J m he male endn ve pn nd ses lng

man wmen neabe depesn bease he he ewe pn Glbe1992 WLnga

Depsn ha a been e\ ed a a al mpan (aLn, 2002 an& Andew 2002) agen ee pspam depesn a a bmal hea abandn he nan, b l hee an s plan h asan pspa_m depessn \h p ee and eanhps n laed b me genea ew Wan d ndews 2002) sges ha depessn aaes nan b sgnalng ha en saege ae alng nd ne den aneeded Th appah ehes pshanals mm s 99) w n pde and npde pesn ee 200) ne nadeaes he anagan hpl and emphase e psble adape ae nem

DLaana 1 9 pped ha sde an b adape an nddl has

n hane dn b an ne e epdn n b easn e es ha he ld nead Da shwng ha de ae mennn n d d ppe ae nen heve alena epananae ·aab paan m n d n pe agans sde and hee aen anmal eampe n a w n h pepe' he bene alspp el me m hp en han help eeed lnd·da wh pdehp he hae hghe md nd nad lngv ( Bn Dahn,


13/26

914 VOLU JO IZNG ITI OL JSCI NES O PSCOLO

Mll, Rck, Bbla, 1999 Bown, e, nok, mh, 2003) he ole o he gou alo cenl o B. llen an Bcock 200) moel, n whcheole caefully mono wh hey can conbue o a gou Peole who ealehey can conbue lle eea no eeon ha hyohee o evencve exulon f he gou

hee oache ae een fom he evln vew ha eon a bn oe neen, 14 alenen, 199 Wole, 19). he bnmechanm h me oo cenly cn go awy, bu wo uon neconeaon , low moo a ueul eone lke cough o abnomalyunla o eene lke lec eue econ, o nvul feence n vulneably o eeo ae nanly fon ma bn nce o om ban chnge mea by ocl exeence W. Bown & 197 Monoe non, 1991)? hee ae no muually xcluve alenv n mo e-eon be uneoo he oucome of gene x envonn neconCa !, 2003) lo, hee a feen oue o eeon ome o whchoge eecve o envonmen, ohe o whch ae fom lfe ccmance, h eecally hoe nvong uu of unechabl gol

Ohr Etina irdr xey an '•on ge ll he non, bu eveemoon ubjc o lea wo kn o o excee o ec o n-ance, ahologcl ealouy common, bu fw clncn know why jelyex Bu, aen, Wen, emmloh 192) louy my e fo gooeaon Bu e al., 1999) o om eluon elng of naeuacy make onemen hnk ha he ane mgh \el e omeon ele n hen ha heyo efe omeone ele Deeon eam'n oe elve hologcl ealouyen, Hollane, oehon, 1994) he ynome of hologcl lck o el ouy ha ye o b ecbe

Comable hologe ex fo vey noon Peole kn ove byenvy, love, ucon, ange, awe, o aue Whehe noml o bnomleen on he aon econng e evoluony ogn uncon o

emoon ove amwok fo ecbng he oe n he long-ough cnc b fo nguhng emoonal o om emoonha ae ly unwane.

BIVJORI_ SORES

Ohe oe nvolv nably o conol behavo o obvou a he c-on an ohe hab, bu ohe oble o behvoal conol ane om engoe o volnce.

Additin he human oll aken by con magne bece he eecham ohe well he c whole o Additin evo o olu

ony oach Hll ewln, 2002) wh uggon bou he vegnfcance o con ulvn gen, 2002) l ho hv ll & Chow, 2002) n he ncance o emnon ul 2002 mog ohOne of he mo moan evoluonay ngh ml, hL ng chmclly me, o exogeno ubn cly ule echanm ee 194 e Beg, h ubcv eon lubl, an he aocae encemn nc he funcy o ug


14/26

Evoutionry Psyhoogy nd Ment Heath 1

tkig hvio Avesive withwl smtos om ues tht stimulte futhe dug tkg v tim, th suetive lesul "likig ws, the with-dl ffts ome moe sevee, d th hit stegth of "tig ises,tg the ddit i viious le tht m off little lsue, eve s it o-sums most of wht is vlule i lif

uilt to sust use esults fom ou ovl eviot. heillt of u heils d lv outs of iisttio iese thet f dug tkg oo dmiisteed v i th tehologil dve o f ig-ts s th mst widsd d hmful ddti, ith lohol lose se od h solld d dugs of use, suh s mhtmi d oi e mo ditl o sdig domi tts to estlish ddito ust use is uivesl hum vuleilt to dugs tht hik wdmh sms

h ol diffe i vuleilit is fudmtll diffet qustioThos \ho fd it diffiult to quit hve dfft g d mo shtstms Poleu, 7 The esosile ges ot "deftiv thd hm utl th mod viomet th vullit ftos is �fom iotl osus, suh s dvs iumsts tht ous v-sv mtos tht ies th ifoig ots of dugs

Ha[: liltis to otl hits hve ltd evolutio ltioslig do ot dtl iflue i hemils, ut it is s otet fo sool hi Me without othe otios m tke ig isks to gt ossil g \ thus ossil liig wh oo ol o oft l the lottemlig is igg olm fo me th ome ol use ove volu-tio histo susttil esous ought iesed mtig suss fo mo th wm Th td to esist i gms of he with kow log-t gti offs, suh s slot mhis, eflets th distotios uil itohum dsio mkig Khe, lvi, vesk, imill, ou vod hi gultio mhsms led to uh othe odtive ehv

io md vomets suh s wthig oogh, goig to ostituts,htul w oig, edig h ovls, d ggig i ivt ituls,suh gig d ogiig olltio of stms o ois

ti


15/26

OL TJO ZfG RATOL Dc ES F PYHOLG

lifsi dui fmi i pipis shm, flis f lk f l,m is f f bsiy, d w sluis i iius yl f slii d bulim. Ei disds ls fsd by h is mi mpii i l sl ups, umd by md ims h mk l bdis sm idu. I lh f h psiss f m mpi hismks pf ss (Buss, 1 1) As h h sydms ulbiliyis f my ss.

Sxa Disods i is ip, yu mh hik sl wuld h d s flpf sd, i xplifs l ulbilis f shpd byulipl s fs f l (s, 003 is m mpbu pmu s whil V pli bu lk f orga m . Why xdiffs i bi hss d dffs i mi pmy smuli ys, bu hs pxi xpls hy is h sysm ply d-sid f muul sisf? Bus sl ds shp mhsms f

uul sisfi Wm wh hd sms y uikly mh wll h hdfw hild, s mih m Vh dlld l wh up s lklys s ss wih h bsi h pmu uli s pblmily f m Vh yu fful

Ah dm s dff is h i ks ii l mym, h sw s lms y sul u y yl (Syms 979).phy s ml pusu ms h dsply ml bds J buhmily by m h h s h ld pblmi ssu f why suh wd f simuli uss m W mh supps h si wuld su hm w ly ply fl ps d ms d w bu 2qi�) T Xlusily hmsxul hs pupid Vh immu ils, d my hfsy lis h l dmi fsh b pl my b mm hy f why m s sysmlly d pimslly dsh iis f w (Hs & Buss, 00 As f why s my d· duls' lusily hsul, his ms uswd bu f w f ls

(us, 1R)

BRAI DI R-:

ubli lis mpis, my suppd by hmuil mpis, pm h w h l disds b dss his is ssly u ih ss h bi hs md l m d bhi Hw slssuh s "dpss is bi diss l h msk mpssi h bibms lwys h pimy uss d h dus h ly ppp m F s disds suh shiphi bp dsd, duism b bmlis dd h pmy d usully suff us

Oh dsd, hw, b h s pfly ml bih ws l ul pd uul smul suh s psyhllum dus f bus, s di y wk i hsil buuy As d l dy luy psp fss sphisd ssss f h my s h pli idivdul dffs ml disds ml si mis, hs dysuld mi d sm s fm


16/26

Etna Ps and Mnta Ht 1

facrs nly dsanly rlad h nrmal rglan f ns cgnn and bhar (Nss 1984 rn ths las grp s ha an lnary can ffr

hizphn Schphrna s h ms srs cmn mnal dsrdr Thsympms ha ll d Vth a "spl nnd" b nstad flc sysmac

bradn f prcpn cgnn and mn (ablnsy Sars & n brg 9) hl prcrsr syptms can slly b dctd flfldgd psychssmst ftn bgns js as h nddal s tryng sablsh an nddal dny n a scal grp any pans frs fl cldd hn sspcs hnfranly parand h dlsns hat thrs ar tryng harm hm Da shng srng nflncs f gnc facrs Jnd bran changs h cnncd mstrsarchrs ha h schzphrnas hr a mlpl dsrdrs) bs ndrsd as h manfsatns f rn abnrs. Sm ha sggsd daptfncns fr sympns f schphrna J. S Alln & Srch H; Frman1H2 r & Chadc 2) b ltl dnc spprs hs d.

Dlsns and hallcnns r n par f h rn prnc f ms hmans Thy ar mr l s nd q nl dap dfnss sch as

fr cgh r any Schphrn pralnc s cnssn a ab1 % crss crs blnsy al ) ndrmnng h dLa ht nlty x- plans psyhss Thr s s srng dnc tha schzphrncs hJ lrhan arag S f aLrag fr mls and 5 fr fms {A Thar Adam 2(J Plr a 204) Th sam daa sh n nad fnss f hrcls rlas argng agans any slc bnf manfs n r nddals hs l n sggsd h schz phrn prss " bcas s n-tract lftnss •n f a hghly arabl nl ra tha ld s afnss gd gns) ndcr hrgh mal ma chc Shnr lr &Mn 2004. Als as mntnd ldy nfctn has bn mplcad as an - planan fr m cass f schphrna

Trdffs nd h lms f naral slcn mJy b mprn Schzphrna

s n a nrsal hman tra l h ppndx s a rar syndrm Th l-nary qsn s hy naral sln has n ln


17/26

9 oUINJ RAITINAL DIILS O PcHOLO

re iprtat Cliedge eect er a related pibilit. F itace, race-re breedig ha reulted i lge ad thier leg be that icreae peedbut are i reai gl pe t racture I 1e metal chaa teritic give icrea-ig ite up t a pit where catatrphic ai lue beme a prblem, uh cl i-edge eect uld acut r the geetic patte ee i hizphreia ad1aideprie i l le (e, 5

The ae li e reaig appl al t ther ee metal d ieae t hat a lhave a i cidee but i autim i patiulr BaChe ( haueted that the aietati auti ar eaple a pathlgial etee itive tle that e tpiall male Th wuld help t eplai the

red i ae al e wh et the dirderOtlr hpthee al e ideti r it, it a bL' c-

ird tl that tl rat hiphreia ieae dtiall hild'wh L eiLd he thei ather er ver · B Arb, ald, t, rte 3; lapia e al, e tait ted b the ther havedivided l 24 ti p eeati, m}d t ell divii r the Di pe lder tl, ugeti tht a cae chiphreia ari rmrecuig mutati the impliati, thi aliie the idea that

h' lde me t d ee

ss D beipulie d irdr (C D al hwub tial heitabilit ad 'X1 iidee Tl cdi t i harateized b rit-ua li ti rtitive b>hi ad ear that ma ll right w i l l lad t d i-a ter eple ith OCD ted t have al ler tha ral udate uceu i thep, ad a aled t, e ae ult a autiue reacti ttreptcal iecti (wed ard, Ga, & ittlea, 996 It ri ui i OCD i dulati ueul hai i it i e thi etirel parate apprt & ike, 998

INI N DJ JER

The luti rigi atteti deicit hperactivit dider DD ) havebee the cu r eeal atile uggetig pible uti ( Baid, tee,& William, Bd, ee et a., 997 hllmbla e, 99 tht it i a acultative adaptati t certai eiet ee et al, 997The tkig male bia the e rati, ve 5 t ive hit that DD a impl be the e tree ed a ctiuum which ale ted t be higher tha e-male muh ai t a ret uggeti abut tim (BaChe, I theaetal eirt, a tede t me uil t a ew atiit whe curetert e updutiv i a ra tate that a pa re hutigale tha atlrig emal A r the apait t it i e place idr rhur u de Lred tat it a bi b, that i ar ath i thetural viret eer euired, it i atudig that a u a d it Thehitabilit DD hih, ad aiati with adidate gee tablDD er pii lead (Bieema & peer Y9 Beaue the 7\ allele ad i t liae dieuilibiu, it he epeie ed reet pitive •ti (rad t al, 3


18/26

LTN SI IFF IS

Etnay Pyhy and Mn lth 1

Te eoous ipotae of elatosps cus (d ccsy u1eta disodes s so obious tat it s esy to eect its siificae etea pofesss ofte blie tt a etiosps e w loi dba� o al ad eotl c1itets uld tt t wee By otst

eolu oay iew of et osi ps epa siZ' te sts ad pffs of d ffeet soa stteie s s f esuces eipoal p o cluse fitess tatca epi ost tedees to uis (Fske 1 id' 7 ofe 98ikptik 1998) Eoluty ppocls e as epased te peleef deceptie stteies ad s elfdeepto ebs wks 9H kd aulu� 88 Iu 99 l iea 9 is 20UO) tus opei litttad eu betwe EP d psyaalyss te c


19/26

920 VOIII RI ISES o PY-Y

oou coibu io is a soli amewok o ue sa ig ho behavios aeeguae o accomish he may co lic ig asks o ie, om geig oo asuvivig o iig maes a poecig chie Isea o viwig oeki o ie as oma a ohes as eviaios i sees he ihee col ic s ielaioshps he sugges ha go o i gous, a he il em evey esoaces o alocae eos amog a hos o comeig ees a om poviig aigi a co pespecive evoluioy vie oses eep eahy o hechaleges we al ace a eee amaeme ha so ma y eole a able oi ovig eaioships, meaigu \ok a a \Vay o juge a bevy o e-sosbiies wh goo humo a eve joy

Does h is esage a ew ki o psychoheay? Thee cea ily ae majo i-ca ios o how o o psychoheapy i be ailey, 2000 a sychoay-sis avi Kiega, 12) bu hey o o cosiue w ki o heaycomeig wih hues o ohes vey ki o heapy shou 1ake use oevouoay ces The uggeau ow s psychophamaology, soo o beuie wih geeics o yiel w mehos o aipuag _moios a be-havio ha we cao ye imagie I he ea uu e hey shoul yie moe eecive emes o schiopheia


20/26

olory Psyhology nd Men Hlh 1

Ava, Thar, C., & Adam, H. 00 ) Geneic epidemiology and schizophrenia A s udy of reprductive fitness c!zopln Res , 23 3-241

Bdcok, C Y) Esen ! r,u Oxfod, ngland Basi 3lackwe .Bad ok (2000). Eoluoy psyoogy: A critial ntrouction Cambride, UK BackweBd, j Ste\�on, J . C., & Wil la s, D C. 2000) he evoluion of ADHD A dsorder of ommu

non7 rt Ri : Biog}, , 7-35Jkow ( ? _ Dwin d t: Bogc! ppcl o mind an cutue. Torono: Univer

s ty f on Pess.Bakw _ Cds, L., & oby, (Eds . (199). T aapte mi!d. New York: Oxford Universy

PesBlv 1 H _ Axi n is dsoders. New ok: Guilfod Pess.BnC, _ ( 95). /n!ss An essay J autis m an he theoy mnd (ols 3746). Cam

id A pesBa- n (Ed.) 19 7} h e maaape mn. East Sussex: Psychoogy Press, rbaumBan-n (22). Th 'xre mae bain heory of auism Tends n Conive Science

23chatry 134124

Bo_ J 69 ttdne los: Vol Al New York: Bas Books. l o nce in m il y as a disod of he atahmen and ca regiving sysems

/\'iC ] o P:tjO_1"e 927, 29�31.re D C & P 1995) Risk factrs fr PTSDreaed raumatic events A

ppece ly Arci·n ounal of sychiatry 9535.ckmn, 1 (C C!lc and can_ [nwod Clifs PrentceHa.Bo!y, . 0l ) volu ony resing: ADHD, mana and ts varian oa of Affectve so

d '7 .

Bwn, A. S. Be, D rnn S, Schaefer, A , Wy, R. ]., Bresnahn, M a . (2004)Seloc e\·nc of pn infun i n tl tology of schizophren Achs of al_!y . 7 7O.

Bown W. & I s, . _ 78) So/ oins of depesson. Ne; York Fe Pre ssBwn, W., a is , T 0 & Hepworth, C. (995). Loss, humion and enrapment anong

wnn dlpn depon ptien and nnpatient ompason Psychological M 721 .

Bwn Dahlen l b Rk & 3iblz, A 1999) vauaon of an evouonary modelf s -peetio n d ,'l fdesu on Suicde and LifeTheatening Bhmo 2 58�71.

Bown, S Vinoku A D., & Smih, D M . (003). Provid ng social support may bemor bn hn cvin Resuls from a prospcve sudy of motaly. ywloglSci :;0 7

Bun, J_ K_ in s. An eion heory of schizphrni: Corical conneviy mepresent an soca bain Ba Bhioul e.

Butn R \ 1 . 11y of ncwy. ondon Rouedge and Sons (Ogina work publ lwd "q

Bus 1 Tl voluin f um an nraeu l compiion accs of mae atactin ju! •J �_ and o yd< t 6 ·

, [_ ll T ol ·: Stg mating. Nw York Basic BooksBu D M _ ll ) }-\·olutina1y p ylogy : A new pad m fr psychogical scie nce yhologi-

)f- B _ {_{0. l eun of happiness. Ameran lyc!wlogit ]5-2


21/26

9 VOU INI N RI ION ISES O PJOOY

Bss D M 2003). h vouon of e: tatege of mn 11in (Rev. cd) Nc\ Yok B1sicBoos.

Bss, D M (204 . Eotonay yoogy T !£ cenc of e mnd 2nd ed) oston Allyn &Bon

Bss D M, sn, R Wsten, D., & Scmmclrth, ] 2) Sex differenes in jaousy : Evoluton, physoloy, and psyolgy Pcooga Scnce 2512

Bss D M, & Malamuh, N M (1LJ6 Sx po, onfit Eou(/ and fcist pS/ICtiz'.

N Yok: Od Un ver s ty PsBuss D. M, & Shmitt . ( 99 exu! sttgis thory: An l'Vol u t iona·y pesp n

humn matin P�w!og Ric 1, 04-3Buss D I Shael , K., l< r kp ric k L Cho' , Hq · Ha�q.;ol ut ion a y

pp ti j(rl o -n rop[o h, 22Ddy R. 00) Fnting fruit d the hi oral eolog f thl ingston: I ·hl ism n

mdrn hu ma s n olu ton< H_V hgo\er di1 7 aton, S Sht a k, M & Knn (988) h Pit pc·io!L Y: J· p & RowEton, B Staann B . Nv R l V Ead, ! W, Wil la ms d al (2002)

volutin y halth prom ot i


22/26


23/26

92 votunoNttN RION scrJNE F PsOOG

lorbin, D F 198). Shizophrena: The nss tht


24/26

Evotiory Pyhoogy d Meta th 925

Mlpn D, Cororan, C, Fahim, C. Berman A. HarkavyFicdman, Yl 5 l . (00). Paerna l a and poradi sh izophr cnia: Evidene for d noo mutatio ns !l cricn Jou a f lii eetics 11 299-303

Marks I M 87 ) Fcrs J!wbiIS, nd rituals. Nv York Oxford Uniersity PessMarks L M & N�e, M ). Fer nd itness: An evolutionary analyis of anxity disorder.

Ulwlogp nd So,iolg 4726.Mks I M & Ton, \ �JLi\). ning and unl


25/26

26 VOLONlING AON JLINE O PYCHOOY

Pmereu C S (199 Cfts f smkin nd evutiny psyhbiy. Addition 39�408

Pu tn, R. Dies, S, Menies R G, Lnley ] D & Silv P. A (1998 E\·idene f nn-ssiive mde f the quisitin f fe f heihts Bhiou Rsarc and Thpy 6,53�44

Putn R & Menies R. G (2002 Nnssiive fe quisitin A e\·iew f the evidene

frm retrspetive nd nitudinl esh. Bzioul sarh and Thp} �9

Pu ver A. E., Gth J. , Lin, K. , Lsete, K Nestdt, & Wlynie P S (2004 Anindiet test f the new mutti n hypts sitin dvned pten e wi h the etil-y f shizphreni Amrcn ourna inca Gen et 4 t9

Quirk, G] (2002 Memry f extintin nditined •r is nstin nd peists fwinspntneus vey. Lrn m 402�407

Rppt J L. & Fiske, A. (1998. he new bily f bsesvmpusi\ dide npitinsfr evutinry psyhly. Prsp(ctivs in ology and Mdcn 4 59-1

Rihds R L, Kinner D K, Lunde, & Benet M. (98) et ivit y in m;id>pessives ythyms nd thei nm fistdeee tives A primin


26/26

Evouiory Pyhooy d Ma Ht 27

o ond H & Kssing . 994. cua ons on an nurona anbodmdiadnuroschiaric disordrs o chhoo Pdiaris ,

mns D. 1979 Th cwluu fhuman sxuality. Nw York Oxor Unrs PrssTchr H Andrsn Pocr A Anrson C M. Naaa C P. m D M

Th nubioogica consuncs o ar srss an chhood maramn Nursin and£bio/ Revs , 44

Tb & osmd . 99 Th as xans h rsn moiona adaaons an hsru ur ncra nnmns. El!y and iy , 7.

Trr R. ( J ) Pnosng confic. A11ral Zlgis + 4Trirs R. / Frwar In R Dak h n. Nw York: Oxfor nrsi Prss.Tri R UUO T mn of a scinifc hor f Sfcio nnas h Yrk Aad-

my {Scn 1 4 D Tro A U u sordr in h con of Dan an shar jurna fEndrna

lbl h Tos A & vku r M Dan ian schar and h conc of mn sordr u

rHrly Lr�, [Supp , 8V, ( 4 /amin ' : h ruh au drus and mna hcah. Nw York: r PrssVcbv 1W) h y f sur las An nm sudy n h un f insuins Nw

York McnVold E & Vlan ] {19WJ ouar bioog and schiar Th cas of anorxa nrosa

{X _c·

i/>y, 4

W;ki J C " rdr harmu dsu ncon A concuZ c ri qu of s f-i i nnt • yl al R 4

Won P j & Anres P. oward a rd ouionar adaaion anass o dprS: w n.1vgao hothsis urna f Afi Dirdrs 114

WL'e . { ]'l} tcs n

Documents

Evolution and Mental Disorders