7/30/2019 Eviednce Number Two
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High-resolution images :
April 6, 2005 (2.5 MB JPEG)
July 13, 2000 (2.0 MB JPEG)
The pair of massive earthquakes near Sumatra, Indonesia, in late
2004 and early 2005, have reshaped the regional
landscape. Uplift has raised coastlines out of the water in some
areas, while subsidence (sinking) caused the sea to move
farther inland in others. The first of the quakes struck on
December 26, 2004, and generated a massive tsunami.
Stresses from the magnitude 9.0 earthquakethe 4th largest since
accurate seismic measurements began in 1900
triggered a se cond earthquake 200 kilome te rs (120 miles) t o
t he sout h just th ree months later.
These images show uplift on the southern coast of Niasan island
125 kilometers (80 miles) west of Sumatra. The
epicenter of t he magnitude 8.7 e arthquake (seventh largest
since 1900) of March 28, 2005, w as approximately 150
kilometers (90 miles) t o t he northw est of these images (see
map). Offshore coral reefs lie exposed in the image from
April 6, 2005, compared t o t he sube rged reefs (out lined by
breaking waves) observed on Ju ly 13, 2000.
Both false-color images (composed of near-infrared, red, and
green wavelengths of light) were acquired by the
Advanced Spacebo rne T hermal Emission and Re flect ion Radiome
te r (ASTER) aboard NASAs Terra satellite. Red indicates
vegetation, dark blue is ocean, aquamarine is shallow water or
mud, bright cyan and white are clouds, and blue-gray is
bare ground. The oceanside edge s of the exposed coral may be co
vered in sea grasses, w hich would account for their
red shading.
Field report s from United States Geological Survey scientists
studying earthquake and tsunami effects document uplift ofup to 2.5
met ers (8 feet ) and exposed c oral reefs near these images on no
rthern Nias. Both the earthquake and uplift
were caused by the subduction of t he Australia plate underneath
t he Sunda plate along a boundary called the Sunda
Trench (see map).
Forces from deep within the Earth cont inuously drag t he
subduct ing plate (Australia) unde rneath t he overriding plate
(Sunda). Most o f the time the plates remain relatively
stationary, bound by friction bet wee n t he rocks grinding t
ogethe r
Tectonic Uplift nearSumatra
April 27, 2005
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on either side of the boundary. Over hundreds of years, the
stresses grow, gradually compressing the rock and dragging
the lip of t he overriding plate dow n to wards the Earths
interior with t he subduct ing plate. Th e stresses eventually
overcome the strength of t he rocks at the plate b oundary. The
sudden release of energy sends waves through t he
Earth, felt as an earthquake on the surface. The leading edge of
the overriding plate snaps upwards, raising the terrain
above.
NASA image by Robert Simmon, based on data provided by the
NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan
ASTER Sc ience Team
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