Evidence for the Evidence for the Big Bang (45)Big Bang (45)

1. Expansion of the 1. Expansion of the UniverseUniverse

Galaxies are moving away from each Galaxies are moving away from each other.other.

Earlier in time they were closer Earlier in time they were closer together.together.

2. Cosmic Microwave 2. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Background Radiation

(CMBR)(CMBR) Low levels of microwaves can be Low levels of microwaves can be

detected anywhere in space.detected anywhere in space. Leftover from the Big Bang that has Leftover from the Big Bang that has

been been GREATLY Red ShiftedGREATLY Red Shifted..

3. Nebula Temperatures3. Nebula Temperatures Distant nebula are billions of light Distant nebula are billions of light

years away.years away. More distant nebula are hotter than More distant nebula are hotter than

closer nebula.closer nebula. Distant nebula are “younger” and show Distant nebula are “younger” and show

us that the earlier universe was us that the earlier universe was MUCHMUCH hotter than now.hotter than now.

4. Types of Elements in the 4. Types of Elements in the UniverseUniverse

Most of the elements in the universe Most of the elements in the universe are:are: ~74% Hydrogen ~74% Hydrogen ~26% Helium~26% Helium ~<1% All the other elements (C, N, O, Pb…)~<1% All the other elements (C, N, O, Pb…)

These elemental proportions could only These elemental proportions could only occur if the universe began in a occur if the universe began in a very very hothot, , densedense state and state and quickly quickly expanded and cooledexpanded and cooled..

Learning More About the Learning More About the Big BangBig Bang

CERN: European Organization for CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research.Nuclear Research. Since particles in the early universe Since particles in the early universe

experienced much higher temperatures experienced much higher temperatures than today…than today… They may have acted differently than they They may have acted differently than they

do now. do now. Moved faster and collided with each other at Moved faster and collided with each other at

higher energies.higher energies.

Learning More About the Big Learning More About the Big Bang (cont.)Bang (cont.)

These hot conditions do not exist These hot conditions do not exist anymore we can attempt to recreate anymore we can attempt to recreate them using a them using a particle acceleratorparticle accelerator. . Shoots a beam of fast moving particles Shoots a beam of fast moving particles

and has them collide together. and has them collide together. Large Hadron Collider (LHC): Large Hadron Collider (LHC):

accelerates accelerates protonsprotons close to the speed of close to the speed of light. light. About how fast particles moved About how fast particles moved right after right after

the Big Bangthe Big Bang..

Big Bang Evidence Chart Big Bang Evidence Chart (44)(44)

EvidenceEvidence How it How it supports the supports the Big BangBig Bang

IllustrationIllustration

Expanding Expanding UniverseUniverse

CMBRCMBR

Nebula Nebula TemperatureTemperaturess

Types of Types of ElementsElements