EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR

Regional issues create differences- Sectionalism

• NORTH – URBAN –increase in city population (immigrants moved to the cities =jobs )

• Economies differed: • Northeast – Industrial Revolution

– Economy focused on shipbuilding and foreign trade so embraced new forms of manufacturing

THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY

1. Agrarian Society 2. “Cotton Is King!” 1860 – 57% of US exports (5

million Bales exported per year)Cotton becomes king of the south

which expanded slavery – increased from 700,000 (1790) to 1.5 million in 1820 (many had expected slavery to die out until the cotton gin was invented.

ELI WHITNEY • He revolutionized cotton and

slavery (many had expected slavery to die out until the cotton production increased=demand for labor)

• Whitney – interchangeable

parts which paved the way for mass production= market economy – Who else used mass

production?

• 1787 Northwest Ordinance said all states north of the Ohio river would be free of slavery. This law did not solve the problem of slavery .

• 1819 – Missouri wanted to enter statehood as a slave state. (By this time their was an even number of free and slave states.)

• Slavery became a national issue • Congress was deadlocked. • Then in 1820 Maine wanted to join

the Union as a free state. • Missouri Compromise – Missouri

enters as a slave state and Maine enters as a free state. Line 36 North – slavery would be banned. South of this line – slavery is permitted.

• THIS PLEASED NO ONE!

MAP ACTIVITY

• I have favored this Missouri compromise, believing it to be all that could be effected [accomplished] under the present Constitution, and from extreme unwillingness to put the Union at hazard [risk] . . . If the Union must be dissolved, slavery is precisely the question on which it ought to break. For the present however, the contest is laid asleep.

• —John Quincy Adams, 1820

Age of Jackson

Election of 1824

• First election that is decided in the House of Representatives!

• John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts• Andrew Jackson of Tennessee• William Crawford of Georgia• Henry Clay of Kentucky

• All 4 men ran as Republicans because there was not a multitude of political parties

• Even though Andrew Jackson received the most POPULAR vote, no man received a majority of the ELECTORAL vote.

• The Constitution states of the three highest electoral vote getters, the House of Representatives must choose the winner

• Andrew Jackson• John Quincy Adams• William Crawford –

suffers a stroke - out• Henry Clay – lowest

votes – out

• Henry Clay (who also ran for President) was the Speaker of the House and was able to manipulate the choice. He despised Andrew Jackson….

• So ADAMS WINS!

• Several days later Henry Clay was chosen Secretary of State.

• Many Jacksonians felt that a deal was made between Clay and Adams (never proven)

The only President to become a member of

the House of Representatives after

being President. (slept a lot!)

1825-1829

John Quincy Adams

Despite corruption charges the system continues…

ELECTION OF ANDREW JACKSON

• 1824 – Jackson lost to J. Q Adams• 1828 – Jackson beat Adams

– Jackson –champion of common people– Gave many jobs to friends

• Spoils system

Indian removal Act • 1830- Congress and

Jackson passed this law which forced Native Americans to move. Govt. paid for the move

• 1832 –Cherokee took it

to court and Supreme Court sided with Cherokees but Jackson refused to abide by it.

• Jackson said "John Marshall (Supreme Court) has made his decision; let him enforce it now if he can.“

• Andrew Jackson didn’t plan to enforce the Supreme Court’s ruling to allow the Cherokee to stay where they were!

• The President’s job is to enforce the law!! He didn’t do it.

TRAIL OF TEARS • 1838 Cherokee were

rounded up and sent in groups of a 1000 on the 800 mile journey on foot.

• More than ¼ of their people died.