Civil War Review

The Events Leading to the Conflict

Compromise of 1850

• Actually 5 separate bills

• California would enter Union as a _________

• New Mexico & Utah were created

– _________________ would decided slavery issue

• ______________ ended in Washington D.C.

• ______________________ enacted

– Fees encouraged commissioners to certify

runaways

– No jury trials allowed

Kansas - Nebraska

• In 1854, the __________________ was introduced by Stephen Douglas

• Called for:– Kansas and Nebraska to be created– Slavery question again determined by

popular sovereignty– The _________________ prohibiting

slavery in Louisiana was erased

Bleeding Kansas• Northern free soilers, _______________&

pro-slavery settlers from Missouri invade

Kansas

• Pro-slavery forces win control of

______________ & enact severe slave code

• Violence erupts necessitating the calling in of

federal troops

• _____________ attacks Pottawatomie Creek

The Dred Scott Decision

• Test case brought forth by anti-slavery groups

• Basis - Scott’s owner had taken him to posts in ________________________– Therefore, he should be free

• Became the 1st freedom case to be heard by the ___________________

The Decision• Chief Justice Taney’s 1857 decision spoke for a

6 - 3 majority finding:

– Scott not a citizen, therefore has __________________

– Scott’s residing in a free state and territory did not make him free since he returned to Missouri

– ______________ had no right to prohibit slavery in a territory - this voided an act of Congress for only the second time

Harper’s Ferry1859

• John Brown seized the ______________ in an

attempt to insight a slave rebellion

• Religious _________ and ___________ crusader

• Brown was wounded, arrested and tried for

_________________________, among other

things, and was executed on December 2, 1859.

• Branded a __________ (think Osama) by the

South and a ____________ by the North

Politics of 1860

• Lincoln, a republican, wins election with just

under 40% of the popular vote but majority

of electoral vote (180)

• Secession began when _______________

adopted an Ordinance of Session on

December 20th.

• President Buchanan refused to “coerce” the

states even when secessionists began

__________________________

Secession

• By _____________________, 7 Southern states had seceded from the Union

• Lincoln's Speech emphasized his belief that the union was “perpetual”

• In addition he promised:– Not to interfere with slavery “in the States where it

exists”– But denied __________________– And vowed to preserve the Union in the face of

“insurrection”

Fighting Begins

• The Confederate government ordered General Beaureguard to deliver an ultimatum to federal troops occupying ________________

• Shots were fired and _________ later Sumter surrendered

• Lincoln called up 75,000 militia for __________ to “suppress” the rebellion

Northern Advantages

• _____________ white men of military age• Over 90% of nation’s ______________, including

heavy industry• Diverse agriculture which was able to greatly

expand (aka the west)• Greater amount of _____________• Superior transportation systems• Most of the _______________________• ______________ and ______________

governmental structures already in place

Southern Advantages• Vast geographic area that was:

– Familiar to __________ combatants– And would have to be invaded and conquered by

unfamiliar northern solders

• South had a strong _______________ (think the Citadel)

• Many veteran military leaders remained loyal to the South

• But the South was hampered by commitments to ____________________ which led to increased _______________ bickering

Economic Impact

• War contracts brought prosperity even though ___________________ did not match inflation

• Speculation, profiteering and corruption were widespread

• The South became more _____________, _____________ and _______________both politically and economically

• Northern factory workers became unionized and increasingly militant

1861 - 1863Southern Victories

• Manassas/Bull Run– ______________ - first initial major battle– Union soldiers and civilian spectators fled

to Washington – Lincoln called up _____________ troops

for 3 years– George McClellan became Union General-

in-Chief – The South under Lee successfully routed

the North again during the _____________ ___________________________

• Shenandoah Valley– Jackson successfully diverts Northern

troops from Richmond

• The West– Grant drove the Confederates from

Kentucky wining victories over Johnson at Forts Henry & Donelson in western Tennessee

• Heavy casualties were suffered by both sides at the battle of Shiloh

• Sharpsburg/Antietam

– Lee invaded Maryland in September 1862

in an attempt to bring the war North

– This engagement proved to be the

bloodiest day of fighting of the entire war

– McClellan failed to pursue Lee, however

Lincoln claimed “victory” and then

presented the Emancipation Proclamation

• A proclamation which only freed the slaves in the South

and NOT in the Union

• Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville

– December 1862, the Union suffered a serious defeat at the hands of General Lee

– In May of 1863, the Union again suffered a serious defeat at Chancellorsville

– Lee maneuvered brilliantly but lost possibly his most valued general - Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

– This loss proved to be the turning point of the war

1863 - 1865a Northern Turning Point

• Gettysburg -July 1-3, 1863– Lee moved north in an attempt to take both

_____________________________– Clashed by accident with the ________________

at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania– The North under the direction of General Pickett

implemented a new defensive advantage in the form of __________________________________

– The Army of Northern Virginia retreated however the union soldiers under General Meade failed to follow

• Vicksburg– Fell the day following Gettysburg

• _________________________

– Grant had besieged the city for 6 weeks before its fall

– With its fall, the CSA lost its supply route from the west - ____________________

• Tennessee– A series of Union victories opened the way for

_____________and his devastating offensive– Lincoln, who had been searching for an

aggressive general, found what he was looking for in ______________

– Grant was sent from the west to confront Lee in the east

• Georgia

– Sherman’s army invaded Georgia using his __________________________

– ___________ fell in September of 1864 after a month-long siege

– Sherman reached ____________by December 21, 1864 and continued on to take ______________ and invade ________________ by the end of the war

– Sherman became a hero to the North and a devil to the South after his ___________ _____________created a swath of ______________________ thru the South

• Virginia

– _________ pursued Lee’s army south into the heart of Virginia

– The fighting reached ________ after a series of battles

– outnumbered Lee’s army endured ______________ before abandoning the city

– At the same time Sherman was devastating the _____________

End of the War

• __________ was evacuated on April 2, 1865• By April 9th Lee’s Army, trapped and

depleted, surrender at Appomattox Court House

• ____________ was arrested a month later– By that time Lincoln had been assassinated by

John Wilkes Booth

• The remaining ___________________ surrendered by the end of the May effectively ending any remaining combat

Result of the War• More men were lost in this conflict than

in any other either before or since.

– _________ Northern men were killed while 275,000 were wounded

– __________ Southern men were killed with wounded numbering approximately 231,000

• For Perspective

– In 1860 the American population was about 30 million

• _________ men were killed during 1861 -1865

– During WWII the American poplation averaged 135 million

• ________ men were loss during 1941 - 1945

– This was less than 1/2 of the men killed in the Civil War or less than ______ of the population