EVALUATION REPORT - Londonderry Bands Forum...Feb 01, 2014 · acknowledgement. The 2011 Gateway to Participation report and the formation of the Londonderry Band’s Forum aided

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BANDSFORUM

AUTUMN 2016

EVALUATIONREPORT

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“Challenging Preconceptions and Misconceptions through Education and Dialogue”Londonderry Bands Forum

LONDONDERRY

BANDSFORUM

LONDONDERRY BANDS FORUM ‘Atharraich’ Becoming Something Different

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FOREWORD

This evaluation is a reminder of the road travelled in terms of developing meaningful conflict transformation in Derry/Londonderry. This is a very helpful mapping exercise in terms of understanding how unionist alienation was captured and then explored in positive terms with regard to seeking a better understanding of how to achieve greater inclusion of a minority population which had felt aggrieved and unaided.

I was privileged to have been one of the authors of the Population Change and Social Inclusion Study Derry/Londonderry a decade ago. When we launched the report in St. Columb’s Park House in 2006 the then Mayor Lynn Fleming of Sinn Fein welcomed the report and concluded that she had never thought about the issues that the research had raised around cultural and other forms of exclusion felt by Protestants within the city.

This was a welcome summary but what we were witnessing was the importance of emergent leadership based upon seeking solutions through evidence that was verifiable and robust. More importantly, the emotions of alienation were, through the leadership that was to develop, linked not to intransigence but to a vocabulary of exclusion linked to inclusion seeking. This approach that came from within was thoughtful, open-minded and transformation seeking. What that early report showed was that the drift out of the city had abated and that there was in many ways a pride about being from the city but a regret regarding inclusion within in. It also displayed a desire to move on, to find solutions and for the politics of unionism to offer more positive visions of the Protestant community’s future. The central tensions remained regarding the non-recognition, beyond unionism, of flight from the city-side, that the city centre was not always a shared or secured space and that cultural identity notably around parading was not treated with esteem and tolerance.

So began a journey of presenting issues through evidence and the desire to find a place within the city’s culture and its future. As this evaluation highlights, the rolling out of recognition seeking through partnerships across the city’s divide was a key development over the past decade. Much of that was impressively tied to leadership within the Protestant community which challenged a state of mind in which the opportunity to challenge sectarianism and exclusion was unimagined. An example of a modern ‘… boom that crossed the Foyle was breached’.

As Terry Wright’s evaluation eloquently shows the focus of partnership building was a challenge to both the city’s majority and minority communities that was linked to a sequence of reports, ideas, models and increasing confidence around leadership from within. This challenge led to new forms of intra-community engagement and ultimately risk-taking, all of which was defined by the goal of agreement, recognition and acknowledgement. The 2011 Gateway to Participation report and the formation of the Londonderry Band’s Forum aided the attainment of more cultural and civic leadership. It also gained influence among funders, local business people and non-unionists as a credible and solution seeking process with the capacity to reverse perceptions of harm, denial and abandonment. As Terry notes ‘the UK City of Culture 2013 and a desire for it to be inclusive created a situation where groups hitherto seen as diametrically opposed in terms of politics and owing allegiance to different cultures and associated identities showed a willingness to engage and co-operate.’

The Maiden City Accord, the Bands Forum and other efforts and initiatives are not just an example of accommodation at the local level, but a potential/viable/plausible prototype for many divided places. Such an achievement would be remarkable if it could be replicated across Northern Ireland. As a Belfast man even I have to admit that Derry/Londonderry is the exemplar of achieving reconciliation in Northern Ireland.

One example of the seemingly unachievable was the inclusion of unionist culture in the Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann. As one respondent noted in this evaluation ‘I was one of the main supporters of involvement in the


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Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann. It was a musical festival. I followed the bands to Sligo. There was great positivity and acceptance of our culture. People enjoyed the music.’ The sign that cultures perceived as alien to each could find a common root is highly impressive. But as Terry’s evaluation shows not all voices see these positive developments in the same light and it is the duty of those who lead to recognise that and to continue to bring others along and remove that fear that engagement is a negative as opposed to an opportunity.

What this evaluation does more than anything else is to not only point to achievements but to underline that the architecture, built from within the Protestant community, has succeeded in so many ways and this in itself, and via this report provides greater recognition of success. At times we can all forget the achievements that have come our way. Achievements centred upon sweat, tears and grind have brought us to a safer and more inclusive place.

Future challenges remain but at least leaders and more members from within the Protestant community have defined a way out of the darkness and towards a new future of heightened recognition and inclusion within the city. It takes a developed, precise and unambiguous evaluation such as this to not only explain how we have reached this point but to map future journeys.

Professor Peter ShirlowBlair Chair and Director of the Institute of Irish StudiesUniversity of Liverpool

Professor Peter Shirlow


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INTRODUCTION

In September 2013 I took up appointment as Co-ordinator of the Londonderry Bands Forum. This was with an ideal brief for a dedicated band member desirous of developing opportunities, with local bands, for the hitherto individualised and largely quiet community of Marching Bands to come together, find their voice and address important issues through collective action, focus and commitment. Those who read this Evaluation Report will note that I have not been disappointed. That this is the case is not due however to the efforts, will or thinking of one individual.From its inception, the Londonderry Bands Forum has been fortunate in having a core of supportive individuals within the bands and wider community who share a desire for and interest in building the capacity of groups and individuals towards influencing and contributing to their better welfare and potential as Northern Ireland responds to the sometimes challenging demands of emerging from the impact of historical divisions and more recent political violence. Prior to my appointment Julie Kee, Brian Dougherty MBE and Kenny McFarland were the key drivers in the development of the Forum, against a background of unionist and loyalist disengagement in the city and its immediate surroundings. Without their contribution and that of St Columb’s Park House, it is questionable if the ‘ project ‘ would be where it sits today. As the team has grown and the Forum increased in number and expertise, Brian and Kenny, now Chairman of the Londonderry Bands Forum, continue to make a major contribution that is valued by the members who bring their own wealth of experience, dedication and collective thought.An equally positive factor has been the availability of financial resources and the moral support of a number of funders including Derry City Council, the Department for Culture, Arts and Leisure and the Department of Education. It is this, which enables the realisation of the Forum’s expanding aims for bands, the community, education and culture. Pivotal within this has been the role of the International Fund for Ireland through its Steering Group, the Community Foundation for Northern Ireland. In terms of its generosity, flexibility in the application of funding and willingness to include and recognise the role of Marching Bands in promoting peace and reconciliation in Northern Ireland, its contribution cannot be under-valued. This willingness to take what many may have seen as a risky and challenging venture, sitting alongside the availability of advice and expertise, has been an encouragement in itself and the Londonderry Bands Forum can but hope that the many dividends and the positive dynamic which has taken the Forum into areas not originally envisaged serve to inform the assessment that it has been energy and money well spent.As evidenced within the Evaluation Report the support that the Londonderry Bands Forum enjoys for its activities, initiatives and leadership is generously indicated by a number of individuals, groups and not least by the members of the Forum. That it is not universal around some issues and that this is referenced for consideration by the author I welcome as serving as an indicator which will inform strategies and actions going forward. On behalf of the Londonderry Bands Forum I wish to place on record our gratitude for the honesty and integrity of the analytical critique and commentary offered by the author Terry Wright, of ‘atharraich’ Becoming Something Different. From our many conversations in the course of the evaluation process, I have come to expect no less.Finally, in returning to my opening comments I wish to thank the many, within the Bands Forum and a receptive wider community, who have made my journey exciting and worthwhile. It does of course bring its frustrations and a certain impatience can from time to time be on display as progress is stalled by political and community interests informed by competing agendas. This has not served to detract from my being able to say that I have enjoyed every minute of the opportunity afforded me and I look forward to the Londonderry Bands Forum building on its many achievements as illustrated in this report to the benefit of its’ members and the whole community.

Derek MooreCo-ordinator, Londonderry Bands Forum


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CONTENTS

Abbreviations 06Acknowledgements 06Disclaimer 06

ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 07 1.2 Terms of Reference including Overview of Research Foci 07 1.3 Structure of the Report 09 1.4 Methodology 10

TWO: ESTABLISHING THE CONTEXT 2.1 Population Change and Social Inclusion 2005 13 2.2 Taking the Initiative: 1995 15

THREE: THE LONDONDERRY BANDS FORUM: 2011-2013 3.1 The Londonderry Bands Forum: Beginnings 18 3.2 The Londonderry Bands Forum: Building Capacity 19 3.3 2013 UK City of Culture 21 3.4 Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann 26 3.5 The Londonderry Bands Forum and the Fleadh – Views and Impact 27 3.6 Walled City Tattoo 30 FOUR: THE LONDONDERRY BANDS FORUM: 2013-2015 4.1 The appointment of a full-time Co-ordinator 32 4.2 Strategic Plans, Leadership and Impact 35 4.3 Marching Bands Project: Challenging Perceptions and Misconceptions 37 through Educationand Dialogue 4.4 The Maiden City Accord 47 4.5 Ard Fheis 2015 53 4.6 Community Developments and Cultural Networking 56 4.7 Local and Devolved Government – Mapping the actions of the 60 Londonderry Bands Forum in terms of linkage to Public Body Plans and Strategies FIVE: THE LONDONDERRY BANDS FORUM: 2015-2016 5.1 Membership Profile 64 5.2 Membership Survey 65 5.3 Governance and the Londonderry Bands Forum 73

SIX: LOOKING TO A FUTURE FOR THE LONDONDERRY BANDS FORUM 6.1 A ‘Derry Model’ 75 6.2 Sustainability 76 6.3 Culture 81 6.4 North West Cultural Partnership 82


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ABBREVIATIONS

In the Report the following terms are used alternatively:• The Apprentice Boys of Derry is also referred to as ABOD• Cultúrlann uí Chanáin is also referred to an An Cultúrlann• CRN where it is used refers to the Catholic, Republican and Nationalist Community• Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann is also referred to as the All Ireland Fleadh or the Fleadh• PUL where it is used refers to the Protestant, Unionist and Loyalist Community• The Londonderry Bands Forum is also referred to as the Forum or LBF• The UK City of Culture is also referred to as City of Culture• References to Government Departements of the N.I. Assembly pre-date changes occurring in May 2016

The use of the terms in this way are not necessarily endorsed by the author but reflect their usage by interviewees, within documents made available for reference and by participants in meetings and discussions where the author was in attendance.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

It is appropriate for the author of this Interim Evaluation Report to acknowledge with gratitude, the assistance of those individuals and groups who gave willingly of their time to share and place on record their knowledge, views and experiences of their membership, links to or involvement with the Londonderry Bands Forum. They made the compilation and completion of the Report possible.

Thanks is due to the following individuals: John Boyle, SDLP Councillor Derry and Strabane District Council; Tony Callaghan, Chief Inspector PSNI, Londonderry; Frank Carey, Local Historian; Sue Divin, Derry City and Strabane District Council; Brian Dougherty, MBE former Director, St Columb’s Park House and Community Activist; Sean Fennan, Community Foundation for Northern Ireland; Mary Hamilton, UUP Councillor Derry City and Strabane District Council; Helen Henderson, Director, St Columb’s Park House; M Jamison, REACT; Andrew Lynch, Londonderry Bands Forum; Paul McFadden Leapfrog Communications, William Moore General Secretary, Apprentice Boys of Derry, Gearoid O’Hara An Cultúrlann; Sarah Quilty, Board Member, St Columb’s Park House ; David Ramsey DUP Councillor Derry City and Strabane District Council; Jim Roddy, City Centre Management; Linda Watson Crescent Community and Cultural Centre, , Victor Wray, City of Derry Grand Orange Lodge, and members of the Londonderry Bands Forum present when I attended two monthly meetings of the Forum and the Strategic Planning Day held at St Columb’s Park House, Londonderry in December, 2015

Special thanks is offered to Derek Moore, Co-ordinator with the Londonderry Bands Forum and Kenneth McFarland, Chairman of the Londonderry Bands Forum who provided ready access to documentation including Strategic and Operational Action Plans, reports, records and correspondence pertaining to the Londonderry Bands Forum. Further, on numerous occasions I was afforded the opportunity to attend meetings of the Forum and business meetings with a variety of organisations, groups and individuals. Any points of clarification arising from the many encounters were quickly and satisfactorily addressed. Where required, preliminary contact was made with individuals and organisations to facilitate interviews and discussions with the author.

DISCLAIMER

This independent report was requested and prepared solely for the use of the Londonderry Bands Forum. No other party is entitled to rely on the report for any purpose whatsoever and the author neither accepts nor acknowledges any duty of care or liability to any other party or parties who may be shown or gain access to the report either complete or in part. Only the final copy as submitted to the Londonderry Bands Forum should be viewed as definitive.


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ONE | INTRODUCTION

a Introductiona Terms of Reference and Overview of Research Focia Structure of the Reporta Methodology

1.1Introduction

The author was engaged in mid October 2015 by the Londonderry Bands Forum to carry out an independent evaluation of the actions and development of the Forum from its inception to mid-2016 and submit a written report based on the research undertaken.

This section of the report addresses its Terms of Reference, including Research Foci, outlines the Structure adopted and explains Methodology deployed.

An Executive Summary is also provided under separate cover for the use of the Londonderry Bands Forum.

1.2 Terms of Reference including Overview of Research Foci:

Terms of Reference relating to An Interim Evaluation of the Londonderry Bands Forum: Strategic Purpose and Implementation

Focus for Evaluation Londonderry Bands Forum – Strategic Purpose and Implementation through Qualitative and Quantitative Research grounded in the Rationale, Aims, Purpose and Activities of the Organisation.

Sector Community – Single Identity

Commencement 1 November2015 – Project definition, costs and Terms of Reference agreedCompletion of Research and Progress Report February - 2016

Completion of Draft Report April- 2016

Completion of Final Report July - 2016

Independent Evaluator Terence Wright ‘ atharraich’ Becoming Something Different

Methodology DESK RESEARCH: • To access, review, analyse and appraise a wide range of available and published formal data pertaining to the Strategic Purpose of the Londonderry Bands Forum and the implementation of the same, this to include: • The Londonderry Bands Forum document archive on Origins, Strategic Planning, Action Planning and Monitoring of same; • The Maiden City Accord; • Materials relating to the International Fund for Ireland; • Internal documented records and statistical data relating to strategy and implementation this to include records of internal meetings of the Forum, meetings with Government, Public Bodies, Community and Political Representatives and Organisations and identifiable stakeholders;


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Methodology • Materials relating to the Schools’ Educational Programmecont. of the Londonderry Bands Forum; • Materials relating to Training and Personal Development Programmes offered by the Londonderry Bands Forum to Band Members; • Published and academic references, where available, and media materials relating to the Londonderry Bands Forum; This being an interim evaluation, it is likely that gaps and data disaggregation will appear across themes being evaluated. These will be noted for future reference.

INTERVIEWS: to carry out primary qualitative research in the form of focus groups, interviews and a key stakeholder engagement with the Bands Forum as constituted • Individuals - D Moore, K McFarland, H Henderson, B Dougherty, F Carey, A Lynch • Stakeholders - Board Member, SCPH, J Kee, BDUSDA, J Burgess, Blue Eagle, IFI representative, J Roddy, City Centre Management W Moore, ABOD, V Wray, LOL, PSNI, Sue Divin, Community Relations, Derry and Strabane District Council and Confederation of Ulster Bands, Business representative as facilitated, • Political Representatives - DUP, UUP, SINN FÉIN, SDLP, (local and regional as facilitated) • Schools - Selected and as facilitated from Primary and Secondary Controlled, Maintained and Integrated Schools • An Cultúrlann • Fountain Street Community

FOCUS GROUPS and OBSERVATION • Age profiled Band Members (16-25; 26-45 and 45+) • Class Observation in school, as facilitated with feedback from participants.

Methodological Rationale • Throughout the Evaluation Process there will be on-going engagement with the Londonderry Bands Forum to facilitate discussion and clarification of issues and findings as they arise. This will not impinge on the independence of the evaluator.

• A Code of Practice will be provided, agreed and adhered to for interviews and focus groups. • Interviews will aim to facilitate expression of experiences and views. • There will be ONE interview with individuals. • Off the record comment will not be encouraged but where apparent, will be respected accordingly. • Views will be explored on the strategy and activities of the Londonderry Bands Forum in the context of the stated aims of the organisation but also in the context of contemporary cultural, social, economic, educational and political contexts as they present. • Narrative will intertwine with opinion and recommendations. • Central to the evaluation is the purpose of providing evidence- based analysis of the agreed strategy and activities of the Londonderry Bands Forum with a view to offering independent appraisal of the on-going Initiative and informing future development


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1.3 Structure of the Report

The introduction with reference to the Terms of Reference and Research Foci outlines the main purposes and objectives of the Evaluation.

Chapter Two addresses contextual background against which the Londonderry Bands Forum developed after the late 1960s. It does not aim to provide a detailed narrative but offers a brief illustrative cameo of change affecting marching bands from the late 1960s and draws from reports analysing social inclusion and the PUL community in Londonderry. It is evident from research and interviews that the sense of frustration and disillusionment reflected in the reports was shared within the band community and was only partially alleviated by the leadership of the Apprentice Boys of Derry after1995 which had limited aims focused on the traditional march held during August of each year to commemorate the relief of the city in 1689. A sense of leadership deficit within the PUL community was palpable.

Chapter Three begins with a major focus on a report in 2011 funded under Gateways to Protestant Participation and the influence this had on the thinking of individuals within the community sector and marching bands who became key drivers in the establishment of the Londonderry Bands Forum. The development of the Forum in terms of numbers, leadership, vision, growing influence in collaboration with cultural and civic organisations, linkage with the International Fund for Ireland and decisions set against key events like the UK City of Culture, Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann and the Walled City Tattoo is mapped and analysed. Extensive use is made of analytical comments and recall from a variety of participants and stakeholders to present evidence and invite understanding.

Chapter Four focuses on the development of the Bands Forum from late 2013 and the appointment of a well-known and respected band member, Mr Derek Moore, as full-time Co-ordinator. The Chapter focuses in detail on views alluding to the impact of a full-time Co-ordinator and analyses decisions and the rationale of the Forum reflected in Strategic Plans and leadership provided within the Band and broader community. These are evaluated against the development of an Education Programme aimed at Challenging Perceptions and Misconceptions pertaining to Marching Bands, the production and responses, short and long-term, to the Maiden City Accord and the decision by the Forum to attend and give a presentation at a Sinn Féin Ard Fheis held in Londonderry in 2015. Evidential commentary is drawn from a wide-ranging selection of opinion not all of it sympathetic to every decision taken by the Forum. Data is drawn from survey and focus group responses of Forum members. The qualitative delivery of the Education Programme is commented upon in detail and the chapter concludes by examining the pivotal role of the Forum in progressing development both at community level and within a cultural network before mapping actions in relation to the Plans and Strategies of Public Bodies.

Chapter Five examines and comments upon issues pertaining to the Bands Forum during the period 2015 to early 2016. A Membership Profile and an analysis of a Survey completed by members are provided. This focuses on policies, plans, priorities and actions of the Forum in terms of the views of members and delivery of strategic aims. Governance of the Forum is considered and the preferences of members reflected. Where there are matters important to the development of the Bands Forum arising from the survey and focus groups in the context of future direction and delivery of or adjustment of aims these are addressed and brought to the attention of the leadership with recommendations.

Chapter Six comments on issues tabled in the course of the evaluation process. Some of these arise as a result of comments by individuals inside and outside the Forum. Others invite comment as a result of the contextual political and social dynamic of the Forum’s activities and achievements set alongside perceptions and expectations.


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Focus in the chapter centres on the notion of a ‘Derry Model’ for reconciliation and transformation, sustainability of the Forum in terms of political relationships, St Columb’s Park House and the Droichead Project. The Chapter concludes by considering how the Forum may be emerging as a catalyst, linked to an emerging North West Cultural Partnership for re-evaluating culture and political identity within Londonderry and the North West area as it continues to experience tension over cultural- political issues.

1.4 Methodology

The Evaluation is not for academic purpose so there is no focused attempt to reference any of the many theoretical or academic analyses relating to the historical, demographic, social or political context in which the Londonderry Bands Forum exists and has developed. Some of these although not writ large will be recognised as being implicit in the text.

The data which, in its various formats, has informed the comments and conclusions of the author is mostly primary and raw and thus reflective of the values, opinions, interests and priorities of the various providers. Where it has been necessary to be selective for illuminative purposes and issue–centred commentary there has been a measured attempt to reflect contributors accurately in terms of content and personal engagement. Of necessity there is much descriptive narrative however, where possible and desirable, this sits alongside substantiated and recommendatory analysis of survey data, viewpoints and outcome indicators assessed against the strategic planning of the Londonderry Bands Forum and government targets for Programmes relevant to its actions and thinking.

For the purpose of the Evaluation the main research methods were:

• Desk Research; • Interviews; • A survey of members of the Londonderry Bands Forum; • Focus Group discussions with members of the Londonderry Bands Forum; • Participant observation at two meetings of the Bands Forum; • Participant observation at a Training Day for young band members; • Attendance at a Strategic Planning Day for members of the Bands Forum; • Attendance in a Primary School classroom during the delivery of a lesson relating to the Education

Project of the Londonderry Bands Forum followed by informal discussion with pupils, the Class Teacher and the School Principal;

• Attendance at two Strategic Planning Days of the Ad Hoc North West Cultural Forum of which the Bands Forum is a member;

• Attendance at a Next Steps meeting with An Cultúrlann; • Attendance at meetings between the Londonderry Bands Forum and representatives of political parties

in the city; • Attendance at a meeting with a representative of the International Fund for Ireland and an official from

the United States Government in Washington; • Attendance at a meeting between the Co-ordinator and Chairperson of the Londonderry Bands Forum

and officials from the Northern Ireland Office; • Inclusion in the evaluation process of educational materials produced for the Droichead Project that

involved the Londonderry Bands Forum and An Cultúrlann; and • Attendance at meetings where members of the Londonderry Bands Forum met with the Ministers for

Education, the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure and individual MLAs of the Northern Ireland Assembly.


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Desk Research

This focused on:

• Documentation made available by the Londonderry Bands Forum. It consisted of Minutes of various meetings, Strategies, Policies and Plans, statistical data, Reports procured by and sent to the LBF, Educational resources, correspondence and emails. These were all made readily available on an open and transparent basis;

• Reports relating to Social Inclusion in Derry/ Londonderry, Under-achievement of Protestant Boys, Gateways to Protestant Participation and The Flags Protest, all of which are detailed within the Evaluation Report;

• Government publications pertaining to the Programme of Government for the NI Assembly and related documents for the Department of Education and Department for Culture, Arts and Leisure;

• Educational resources produced for the Droichead Project; • Video archive footage and selected newspaper archive coverage of activities undertaken by the

Londonderry Bands Forum 2011-2015 • The Maiden City Accord • Draft materials relating to the North West Cultural Partnership, courtesy of ‘ Hummingbird.’

Interviews

Desk Research, attendance at various meetings and an analysis of these gave rise to central themes which informed the design of 21 face-to-face recorded interviews. These in turn provided insight on historical background, community issues, attitudes, motives, outcomes, belief systems and values pertinent to the Londonderry Bands Forum. For this reason semi-structured and informal qualitative interviews were considered the most appropriate method to record comment for further analysis. Standardised and open-ended questions were asked in the same sequence but facility was allowed for more conversational and purposeful in-depth discourse with those who were willing to continue the conversation. This allowed for the spontaneous provision of more detailed information and explanation of opinions and structural insight regarding the Londonderry Bands Forum. Interviewees were at all times open and speaking only in a personal capacity. Where subjectivity or bias might be present the use of the same questions around key themes allowed for qualitative and controlled cross-reference and the maintenance of research focus when analysing responses, data and meaning.

Survey

The survey, which was conducted with individual members of the Londonderry Bands Forum, was structured to obtain quantitative data facilitating a Membership Profile based on age, gender, length of membership and nature of band membership and musicianship.

Qualitative questions were designed using the same rationale as that used for interviews. Key themes, policy areas and LBF initiatives were selected for analysis and conclusions offered as to priorities, interests, preferences and approval of and confidence in leadership decisions.

Focus groups were facilitated on a Strategic Planning day and this allowed for further consideration and analysis of issues relating to the members of the LBF. It is believed that this will inform the leadership as to the future.


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TWO | ESTABLISHING THE CONTEXT

KEY DEVELOPMENTS:

a Population Change and Social Inclusion: 2005a Taking the Initiative: 1995

Arguably most visible when on parade with the Loyal Orange Order, the Royal Black Preceptory or the Apprentice Boys of Derry on dates within the parading calendar, this represents only a small part of life in a band, many of which have undergone change over the period of the thirty years 1968-1998.

During that period in Londonderry some well-known bands have gone out of existence. Pipe bands, some silver flute bands and accordion bands that existed in the late 1960s no longer exist. Others like the Churchill and Hamilton flute bands celebrate a lengthy history of one hundred years and more. The Britannia Brass and Reed band that had male members only and was identified with the unionist community now contains members from all groups within the population. Bands which, for many reasons, began in the late 1960s and early 1970s as an expression of social and communal solidarity have over time and with maturity, not lost this but have re-balanced and re-directed the emphasis, focus and nature of their activities. Like most Marching bands, they participate in charitable work, recording, fund-raising, musical tuition and competitions as part of an ever-increasing agenda.

Given the sizeable constituency represented by bands, particularly younger people, not just in terms of members but in regard to families and social networks connected to the bands, they represent a voice which, when they speak as one, can be a constructive and challenging lobby to leaders responsible for community development, education, cultural and economic policy. They can also, in the context of Northern Ireland contribute in a post-conflict period, to reconciliation, transformation and peace building. In so doing, they bring into the peace and political process some who might otherwise be seen as being at risk of marginalisation and disaffection. In association with other factors discussed more fully below, this transformation as evidenced within the Londonderry Bands Forum is achieved through the stability of having a vision and sense of mission allied to energetic leadership, which enjoys the confidence and support of its constituency.The positive change occurring is best illustrated by examining aspects of the historical context of the troubled history of Londonderry pertinent to the broad unionist population and the Londonderry Bands Forum.

2.1 Population Change and Social Inclusion: 2005

An important report published in September 2005: Population Change and Social Inclusion Study: Derry/Londonderry for the first time gave evidence- based expression to perceptions and feelings within the Protestant population which were in no small way the product of the troubled history of the city from the late 1960s. It is worth noting some of the Key Findings:

• Contentious concerns were discovered around questions relating to issues of political and cultural identity; • Negative emotions are based upon forms of resource competition, a sense of territorial loss and a perception of cultural voices remaining unheard; • There is a strong sense of cultural decline within the Protestant community; • Protestant parents and pupils alike harbour concerns over wearing school uniforms when in the City side.

More encouragingly, the authors noted that many Protestants felt confident about living alongside Catholic neighbours in the Waterside while some older residents who had moved there, following a major shift of the unionist population in the early 1970s, felt a sense of emotional loss and regret at the human impact and turbulence of conflict.


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It is not surprising that given the disruption to lives on a grand scale and the impact of politically-motivated violence in the city, there was a strong sense of hurt, victimhood and exclusion, adjudged to be largely unacknowledged by government, nationally, regionally and locally. This inevitably shaped contemporary attitudes for some time. Leadership that was reactionary and divided as opposed to being pro-active and collaborative compounded this.

In an important finding the Report commented that:

“ ….. fragmentation and rivalry within the Protestant community, alongside a relative lack of community development skills and a failure to network and exchange skills and learning …..served to undermine community development efforts “

and that: “ Despite …targeted initiatives and the availability of …funding opportunities and regeneration initiatives, neighbourhoods, with one or two notable exceptions, remain somewhat under-developed.

In the midst of much comment pertaining to the coercive and sectarian-related shift of population, this introduced a different type of discomfort to the dissemination of the findings. And yet within grassroots this was not a view that was unknown or unacknowledged. Derry City Council did take cognizance of the findings and incorporated some of the recommendations into its Good Relations Strategy Document but this would take time and resources to deliver change.

Within the PUL community a similar reaction resulted when a report appeared in March 2011 entitled Educational disadvantage and the Protestant Working Class: A Call to Action drawing attention to educational under-achievement within Protestant communities. Although based largely on data drawn from Belfast, it served in Londonderry to confirm what some within education and communities knew anecdotally to be grounded in reality.

All of these raised important questions with regard to the use of existing resources, leadership, personal accountability and linkage within and across the community However, that fragmentation and rivalry identified in 2005 and referred to above seemed to act against finding a positive strategy to address the issue. To judge by results, apart from some limited exceptions, a lack of co-ordination and meaningful strategic planning for the delivery of outcomes aimed at redressing grievances, real or imagined, were not in place.

One of the exceptions related to traditional parades by the Orange Institution and the Apprentice Boys of Derry. It was the latter which gave a lead, albeit focused on one issue and that was to do with parading by the members of the organisation on the Cityside and in particular on the historic walls.

There are numerous parades that occur in Northern Ireland during the so-called ‘marching season.’ Some take place to commemorate events like the Battle of the Somme or Remembrance Day. Many, involving marching bands solely, centre on local community and cultural events, fund-raising and competitions. Others where bands are employed to lead organisations like the Orange Order, Apprentice Boys of Derry or the Royal Black Institution celebrate the standards and values of the organisation or historically significant events. Most are not contentious but history shows that certain parades, especially but not only so-called ‘feeder parades’, on the Ormeau Road and the Ardoyne in Belfast and highly-publicised parades like Garvaghy Road/ Drumcree in Portadown have a history of disputed rights which, at times, have been the focus of violence and community division. This in turn has impacted on marches and parades on other areas and was a contributing factor to the situation as it presented in Londonderry in the 1990s.

In 1995 parading in Northern Ireland produced widespread media coverage, much of it negative and damaging,


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resulting from the stand-offs at ‘Drumcree’. It was followed by a turbulent phase pertaining to parades largely involving the Orange Order which, whilst focus shifts in terms of territory, intensity and locations, continues today albeit that hope is emerging of resolution, however temporary.

This was at a time when talks aimed at achieving a resolution to the violence in Northern Ireland that would last longer than truces or ceasefires were on going at several levels. There are many interesting interpretations as to the strategic value to the protagonists in shifting the conflict, almost in the guise of proxy wars over culture and parades, to a local level whilst protracted negotiations between governments and representatives of the various factions continued. Whatever the merit of these, what is clear is that they produced different responses in different places. Positive outcomes in Londonderry would show what could be achieved in challenging circumstances.

2.2 Taking the initiative: 1995

In 1995, due to an easing of security restrictions, the Apprentice Boys of Derry planned to resume marching on the walls of the city for the first time since 1969. The organisation founded to commemorate the events of the siege and its historic significance in the history of three Kings and Parliamentary Democracy always viewed it as important that the parade should circuit the walls where some of the relics of the period reside. The self-esteem and morale of the organisation would receive a significant boost.

Both had been undermined significantly when the IRA blew up the column dedicated to the memory of Governor George Walker and its Headquarters were vandalised on numerous occasions. Members had been killed or injured. Further, the intervening period had not been free from parade-related violence and what was being proposed now was happening against a background of demand for dialogue between marchers and protesters or Residents Associations formed to oppose parades such as at Drumcree. The Orange Order opposed such dialogue.

In Londonderry the Apprentice Boys of Derry adopted a different strategy and engaged, at first through intermediaries, with the Bogside Residents’ Group which, at this time, was implacably opposed to the resumption of parades on the walls and linked this to the issue of feeder parades elsewhere. With the situational context shaped by tensions over parades and robust positions being adopted on all sides, it was in retrospect a risk-laden yet far-sighted strategy by the leadership of the Apprentice Boys of Derry and one capable of paying dividends in terms of peace, community relations, policing and the commercial life of the city. Whilst it did not bring immediate success, such has proven to be the case in the long-term.

As to how this was achieved is viewed from different perspectives. Many pressures and influences interacted. Commercial and business interests in the city wanted a solution. The Police, wanting to normalise policing and reduce costs accruing from ensuring the right to parade, wanted a solution. The Apprentice Boys of Derry, wanting to restore the right to hold their celebrations in traditional ways and along traditional routes, desiring, wanting a solution whereby parades would not become synonymous with violence. Citizens and politicians witnessing the name of the city attract unwelcome headlines and experience costly disruption wanted a solution. Residents groups wanted to see their political stance justified and their grievances addressed.

This mixture of politics, pragmatism, self-interest and courting, however tentatively, with reconciliation produced a solution shaped by local people in a local context. The Orange Order in the city, not without resistance and criticism from within the organisation and outside the city, adopted a similar stance to similar good effect.

The issue or normalization of parading had as yet not been fully achieved. On days when parades occurred


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most of the spectators who viewed the bands and visitors who accompanied bands and lodges or clubs remained on the East bank of the city. There were still some incidences of civil disturbance after parades and many businesses remained closed until parades had passed through the city centre. Tension also flowed from contentious parades elsewhere and decisions made by the Parades Commission.

Slowly developing within the unionist community at certain levels however was the recognition that robust confrontation can be counter-productive and self-defeating, that perceptions and misconceptions need to be challenged and addressed. There was no escape from the consequence that this is a strategy that might also lead to challenging one’s own perceptions and demons. There was also the recognition that this requires greater and honest understanding and appraisal of one’s own culture and political nurturing in concert with those whose comments, tactics and history may be a cause of discomfort.

As yet however, as Northern Ireland edged closer towards a Peace Process also to prove episodic and disjointed, there was no effective leadership to provide positive and strategic direction.

The success of the Apprentice Boys of Derry and the Orange Order in the city began and ended with parades. No mean feat. However, in the absence of complete trust and a commitment to peace building allied to the necessary tasks that this required within the wider community, no effective leadership with a strategy and vision emerged and the situation and conditions identified in the 2005 Report on Population and Social Inclusion: Derry/ Londonderry prevailed.

Due to the continuing situation that existed within the community sector designed to facilitate development and address the concerns of the broad unionist community, leadership was left to political representatives and interested individuals.


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THREE | THE LONDONDERRY BANDS FORUM 2011-2013

‘Divided by history, united by music.’

KEY DEVELOPMENTS:

a The Londonderry Bands Forum – Beginningsa The Londonderry Bands Forum – Building Capacitya UK City of Culture 2013a Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann 2013a The Londonderry Bands Forum and the Fleadh- Views and Impacta Walled City Tattoo

3.1 The Londonderry Bands Forum - Beginnings

In September 2011 Building Confidence: Ways to Support Protestant Participation and Inclusion in the North West was published. The report presented research findings funded through the NW Peace and Reconciliation Action Plan (Phase 1): Strategic Priority 4 – “ Assisting Protestant Participation especially in disadvantaged urban and rural areas. It was one of two programmes the other being Gateway to Protestant Participation – a Steering Group led by Londonderry YMCA and also comprising St Columb’s Park House, The Villages Together, Tyrone-Derry and Donegal Action and Derry and Raphoe Action in partnership with the three District Councils for Derry City, Strabane and Omagh.

Many wide-ranging findings and recommendations, based on statistical evidence, surveys, previous research and focus groups were contained in the report. Some of these were to stimulate thinking and action within the Protestant and unionist community.

The report identified a number of issues pertaining to Protestant engagement, participation and inclusion identifying;

• Less developed community infrastructure; • Lack of sustained and collaborative community development in certain areas; • Under-achievement and low value attached to education amongst Protestant boys; • Challenge of living in an economically under-performing area; • Drift of most qualified • Need for capacity building; • Growing support and positive relationships with statutory agencies but an inability to maximize benefit due to limited personnel and expertise within the Protestant community. The Report spoke of a spectrum of capabilities; • A decline in confidence in Protestant political leadership; • Middle class disconnection from politics and traditional institutions; • Diversity within the community and difficulty in establishing and articulating a single identity;

The report might also have commented on a growing feeling and perception within the unionist community that the ‘ peace dividend ‘ following the Good Friday and St Andrew’s Agreement was proving to be one-sided with regard to parades, victims and economic benefits and that any attempt to highlight this was seen as sectarian or bigoted. The outflow of this was a growing disaffection with politics and the political process reflected in a decline in exercising the franchise. The inevitable consequence of this, if not addressed, would be increasing marginalisation and disengagement.


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The PUL population in certain areas where deprivation was as real as in Neighbourhood Renewal Areas looked on frustratingly as community leaders and institutions such as schools in those areas accessed funding to address issues of social need and social justice whilst in similar rural and urban environments, pocketed within more affluent areas where the majority population was of a different political and religious profile, fell victim to bureaucratic rigidity and lack of effective political leadership.

On a positive note the report recorded a desire to improve and a growing appreciation of the value of community development alongside recognition that the sector could: • Nurture leaders; • Develop capabilities; • Provide leadership; • Source funding; • Develop initiatives; • Engage people from different backgrounds; and • Help break down barriers between communities.

Under ‘Recommendations’, it identifies critical issues of leadership, engaging young people and the need for the community to recognise potential through “avenues into wider engagement” Included within examples of the latter were churches, sporting clubs, Loyal Orders and bands.

3.2 The Londonderry Bands Forum – Building Capacity

Local bands, although not all, had been involved in the Gateways to Protestant Participation. One of these was the William King Memorial Flute Band. It had been formed during the years when violence was escalating on the streets of the city. Its early membership was drawn from the Fountain Street area on the City side of Londonderry. Whilst some members, many of whom had been in the band since the start, had moved from the area, it retained close association with the Fountain where some of its members still resided. By September 2011, the Fountain was the last remaining area on the City side retaining any strong Protestant or unionist identity.

Within a developing process, community issues were being discussed and a building on the City side had been identified as a possible resource for bands to use if finances could be obtained. Other bands in the area, namely the Burntollet Sons of Ulster and Pride of the Orange and Blue Flute Band, had been working together on issues of joint interest. In Armagh, a Bands Forum was already in existence and a representative visited with local bands in Londonderry on a number of occasions to share ideas and discuss the possibility of a similar initiative in the city. Initially there was coolness to this on the part of some bands but the seed of an idea had been planted. Interested parties had already met at a gathering hosted by the Londonderry YMCA and the outcome of these activities led to a new local Forum created initially from Burntollet Sons of Ulster, Pride of the Orange and Blue, East Bank Protestant Boys flute bands and Killaloo Accordion Band. There were opportunities for training at community level. Local unionist parties were informed and interested individuals were supportive but this was not sustained at a party political level.

The numbers were small and in the words of founding member Kenneth McFarland, “discouraging” but there was a determination to keep going. A new alternative voice and leadership rooted in, but not totally defined by, the bands culture was emerging.

Some of the individuals had backgrounds in community development and expertise in leading and managing bands with a mixture of young and older members from varying backgrounds whose lives reflected the experiences and issues discussed within the research report referred to in Chapter 2. Whilst the Forum


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would primarily address matters to do with the management, organisation and leadership of bands it was unlikely, given the interest and commitment being shown, that issues affecting the lives of members, for example younger members, would not find their way on to the agenda. As recalled by Kenneth McFarland early meetings discussed education.

Bandleaders were aware that there were within bands younger members whose literacy and numeracy skills were below average and as a consequence they were at risk of underachievement and disaffection. Whilst bands could not solve all the problems of the community there was a view that links with schools and intra-communication could prove productive. In this and other areas, bands could have a key and positive role within a community. The role was already there. It required focus, development, resources and direction

Julia Kee was employed as an outreach worker for the Gateways to Protestant Participation project and was based at St Columb’s Park House which became the venue where the Bands Forum would meet. At this time the Forum was dependent on the energy and commitment of the early ‘ key drivers.’ Julia Kee and others brought to this early stage, energy, focus and creative thinking. There was no major financial cost and the Forum members sought to gain publicity through media coverage in the local press, develop thinking and expertise. A local newspaper, the Londonderry Sentinel, agreed to carry a column entitled ‘Bandbeat.’ Bands tended to exist in isolation and there was rivalry between them but slowly the idea of a community of musicians was taking shape. A foundation was laid.

Julia Kee ceased to be involved with the Gateways project but remained an interested member of the Bands Forum. Members worked together to obtain funding, to discuss strategy, access resources and realise potential to deliver where others were failing. The Forum enjoyed the support and facilities made available by Brian Dougherty MBE of St Columb’s Park House and this proved important, as St Columb’s Park House became a lead partner in using valued contacts and drawing upon experience and expertise to offer guidance and apply for funding. At this point the members did not feel ready to be tied into a Constitution, budgeting and electing officers. The Forum was at a developmental perhaps even embryonic stage as capacity was built. In June 2011 the Forum joined the Confederation of Ulster Bands that at the time consisted of the other 14 Bands Forums in Northern Ireland. It has now increased to 17 forums representing 450 bands. Workshops were delivered in locations around the city and the surrounding area. One of these saw the first engagement between the Bands Forum and the nationalist community.

When money was obtained from the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs in Dublin it became possible to hold a residential strategic planning event. This was in 2012 and ten loyalist bands were in attendance.

The Strategic Review identified concerns. It was recognised that many bands were self-sufficient but other issues were explored. A need for learning was identified. This is reflected in the key issues identified

• Perceptions of marching bands, how they are used by organisations and viewed within the wider community; • Resources, governance and structure within bands; and • Building the capacity of leaders and band members.

These have been added to but remain as core strands.

At this stage the PSNI and the International Fund for Ireland with other funders were taking an interest. This was to prove important. Kenneth McFarland was instrumental in bringing to the attention of the Community Foundation for Northern Ireland, which administers funding on behalf of the international Fund for Ireland (IFI), the importance of and role of bands within communities and how they could impact on addressing issues and concerns which act as an impediment to reconciliation and transformation. In responding to the author


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the representative of IFI who works closely with the Londonderry Bands Forum was happy to note that it “ has become something no one ever expected.” This will be discussed further under a separate heading.

At this time too, early discussions were taking place as to the possible contribution by musicians from the Protestant or loyalist community to the All Ireland Fleadh, timed to take place in the city during the UK City of Culture 2013. The response to this by the Londonderry Bands Forum was to prove decisive and pivotal in the development of the Forum and needs to be commented upon in due detail.

3.3 UK City of Culture 2013

When the bid by Londonderry to host the UK City of Culture was announced as successful many of the issues that militated against a united community were still present.

Against a background of disagreement and dispute within the peace process at Stormont, divisions at local political leadership level were fractious and deep. Although there was need for the delivery, expression and celebration of culture to be inclusive it was not obvious how this could be achieved. What was identified as Nationalist culture was readily apparent in terms of drama, music, dance, writing, creativity and celebration. The same could not be said of what was termed unionist or loyalist culture.

There were pockets of activity. The Maiden City Festival organised by the Apprentice Boys of Derry had become an annual event but was not inclusive in terms of support or interest. Ulster-Scots organisations promoted interest in a range of activities. The Ebrington Theatre was a venue on the Waterside available for cultural events but activity seemed irregular. Fragmentation and rivalry previously identified in community activities and leadership also prevailed culturally. The main and most visible expression of a unionist or loyalist culture centred on marching bands and parades. Tension and contention over some parades and highly visible disputes with the Parades Commission however served to inform perceptions and misconceptions as to their nature and actions. The profile was neither universally positive nor respected.

This perception was shared by sections of the unionist community who distanced themselves from ‘loyalist culture’. Their cultural interests were satisfied in a different context more often referred to as ‘arts‘ at what might be described as politically neutral cultural events, at least in any communal sense. For economic reasons, many of these would take place outside the city so their availability during a year of culture closer to home would be welcomed however this would not in itself make the UK Year of Culture 2013 totally inclusive.

For that to happen, there had to be a place for and provision for protestant, unionist and loyalist (PUL) culture and this was acknowledged. A representative Board had been established to ensure delivery of the UK City of Culture. Some local political sensitivity over the use of the term UK City of Culture as opposed to City of Culture and Derry in preference to Londonderry surfaced as did tensions between the Culture Company and Derry City Council but efforts to reach out were made.

Road shows and contacts with individuals and community organisations took place but as intimated to the author by one interviewee “barriers would not be broken down in one fell swoop.” It may have seemed that there was no end to the boundaries that had to be pushed and met by caution, a degree of discomfort, lack of trust and perhaps confidence, engagement by the PUL community was proving tentative.

On the positive side there were, within the Bands Forum, individuals who might not be easily persuaded but were willing to listen to and engage with intelligent argument and discourse. They also enjoyed the trust and respect of their fellow band members and had the leadership ability to bring their members with them in a spirit of openness and transparency. On another positive note, nationalist political groupings at community and local government level and associated cultural bodies, were exploring strategies to reach out and make


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the inclusion of the PUL culture possible.

This led to contact with and between An Cultúrlann Irish Language School, Waterside Area Partnership Cultural Forum and Derry City Council but achievement of outcomes was laboured.

Within the process of preparing for the City of Culture, Chair of the North West Peace III Board, Catherine Cooke, who was keen to see PUL inclusion, and Ros Young Peace III manager approached St Columb’s Park House to establish if the Londonderry Bands Forum would be interested in being involved in City of Culture activities.

In a predominantly nationalist town it was easy to ignore a minority that had no key role in and was unnecessary to decision-making. As documented, with the minority’s historical role diminished, castigated and demonised, many within the PUL community disengaged, became disaffected to the point of alienation or through community development, attempted to address grievances or use resources to build capacity but often to the point of feeling overwhelmed or disenchanted for the reasons already explained in a previous chapter. Invisible as well as some physical boundaries had been erected. These raised a number of initial difficulties around unionist and loyalist engagement in the UK City of Culture and this presented challenges on all sides but a number of positive and for some, uncomfortable conversations, were taking place. The outcome raised the profile of all who engaged and perhaps a few eyebrows also.

In an interview with the author, a leading individual within An Cultúrlann recalls that engagement with the Waterside Area Partnership or Waterside Cultural Forum did not at the time “yield much progress” and it was the engagement with the Londonderry Bands Forum which was to prove the most productive.

An Cultúrlann had within its organisation, Droichead, a community engagement programme. Also, through individuals, it had influence on the organising committee for Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann, the All-Ireland Fleadh which had been persuaded to come to Northern Ireland for the first time during the UK City of Culture. A decision was taken that it had to be inclusive. It was surely imperative that this should be the case otherwise its credibility and that of the UK City of Culture would have been seriously compromised. Sectarianism could spoil the Fleadh. This may have been a factor, with others, that was to drive progress although not without overcoming reservations and negativity on both sides.

Within the Fleadh committee resignations were being threatened and reservations were being expressed regarding the involvement of marching bands. For the Bands Forum and its constituency this was not a ‘ traditional route ‘ they were being invited to travel and ideological, cultural and political points of reference had to be re-examined and revised.

The outcome of this was a positive. There had always been within the unionist community a latent feeling, largely un-reflected within mainstream politics, that disengagement and a siege mentality was counter-productive and that a more effective role for PUL politics and community involvement should be that of positive, confident and accountable participation. This had never been to the fore and lacked leadership albeit that some individual community and political leaders were committed to this approach.

There is a school of thinking that this is due to lack of unionist unity but this is to view it largely in terms of a ‘ communal head-count.’ It is suggested here that it is due to lack of a shared values and focus-based consensual and ethical strategic leadership. By the end of the UK City of Culture 2013 this would be in place and mainly personified in the members of the Londonderry Bands Forum and other organisations with which it was developing a meaningful and productive partnership.

Through their leadership, actions and willingness to take risks they would achieve a significant shift in how


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the PUL community saw its role and place within the City of Culture and the city. An earlier chapter has commented on how steps in this direction had been taken previously by the Apprentice Boys of Derry but aims were limited and a strong sense of marginalisation and negativity remained within unionism and loyalism. That the Londonderry Bands Forum was addressing this in terms of a more constructive and strategic analysis was an indication of its potential and influence within the bands constituency and the wider community. For the moment, the impact was mostly visual in the appearance of the bands in Year of Culture events but what flowed from this were the dividends which accrued in terms of community relations, growing trust between former antagonists, decreasing marginalisation, appreciation of cultural diversity, greater understanding and a leadership with a caring and focused commitment to its constituency, wider community and city. Directly and indirectly it was also impacting on peace building through a unique relationship between two organisations hitherto seen as the antithesis of each other.

It is pertinent to note that prior to this and from 2011 there was on going within the Londonderry Bands Forum a process of re-education and collaborative confidence building in terms of cultural and historical legacy. Aware of an acknowledged deficit within band members in respect of their ‘ own history’, the Bands Forum organised two history courses in urban and rural areas called ‘Rebels, Radicals, Royalists and Loyalists’ as a means of re-awakening interest in cultural heritage and identity. Individuals like Kenny McFarland had availed of Training for Transformation and had come to the view that “unionism had to look at what unionism is about “ that “participation had to become more positive and this meant getting rid of the negativity.” Progress along these lines was incremental but pursued with growing pace as confidence and capacity developed. An important shift in erstwhile unionist default negativity was taking place.

In October 2012 Forum members participated in a ‘Moving on Music’ project with composers Brian Ervine and Sid Peacock. They played a central role in shaping the direction of the collaborative project that culminated in a public performance of the music during the ‘Music City Day’ in June 2013 at the Playhouse Theatre in Londonderry as part of the UK City of Culture. In August 2013, three flute bands; the Churchill, Hamilton and William King Memorial, all participated in a cross-community performance of the ‘ Relief of Derry’ symphony by composer Shaun Davey. Professional musicians and Irish traditional artists joined the bands in what proved to be an acclaimed feature of the Maiden City Festival.

A willingness to engage on the basis of a confident awareness of one’s own identity and respect for cultural diversity was developing on a productive level and was further exemplified in the involvement of two bands within the Forum in the performance of two plays by local playwrights namely ‘Coming Home for Christmas’ by Sam Starrett, a story of the First World War and ‘Pride’ by Jonathon Burgess, a play about life in a flute band. One of the venues for the latter was An Cultúrlann the Irish Cultural and Language Centre which had been engaged in talks with the Londonderry Bands Forum regarding the participation of Forum members in the All Ireland Fleadh. That the drama was staged here should, in itself, it is suggested to the author be recognised as “worthy of credit for the reciprocal leadership displayed by both sides of the community.” An audience of 200 including the Deputy First Minister of the NI Assembly Martin McGuinness MLA was in attendance. An interviewee, who would describe himself as republican, takes the view that the bigger risks in the context of the history of the city were probably being taken by unionism, in this case, the Londonderry Bands Forum.

Whether or not this is a valid view, the decision to participate in the Fleadh was in response to An Cultúrlann knocking at the door, albeit that the door was, if not half open, certainly unlocked to the right approach. In response to the overtures now prevalent by An Gaeláras through Droichead, the Londonderry Bands Forum agreed to a delegation making a presentation and opening discussions with An Gaeláras, lead partner of the Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann. One member of the delegation voices a feeling of “being received on the basis of musicianship as opposed to any communal or sectarian labelling.” This was for him a positive experience.

As intimated above, this was not without risk in terms of credibility and trust within the Bands community.


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That same delegation member quoted above suggests, “If the actions had been in a plan the engagement might not have happened.” Given the outcome, this is unlikely but remains indicative of the fact that the attitude of the PUL community, or at least a sizeable number within, was one initially, of cautious reluctance and mild interest. Also, as the Year of Culture approached, the political processes were being strained by the onset of Flag protests on the streets of Belfast and elsewhere following a vote to remove the Union flag from the Belfast City Hall. A variety of constraints, it seems, are always likely to curtail PUL development.

These had widespread media coverage and exercised a domino effect in Londonderry as some protesters acted to show support for and sympathy with protesters in the capital. One of the areas most affected was the Caw/Nelson Drive district. Disaffection with the PSNI was also developing as they acted to contain the protests.

If, as recorded in a report ‘The Flag Protest: Anatomy of a Protest’ by the Institute for the Study of Conflict Transformation and Social Justice, Queen’s University, Belfast in December 2014, the flag protests were also an expression of disillusionment with mainstream politics, high unemployment and educational underachievement, then it is not inconceivable that this was also a factor in Londonderry. All of this had the potential to de-stabilise relations and progress as PUL political leadership, clearly divided as to tactics and strategy, came across as uncertain as to finding solutions. Populist and vocal leaders, their mandate and support sometimes a matter of dispute and angry resentment rather than considered endorsement, emerged to urge protest and continuing action.

In Londonderry a Steering Group was brought together under the auspices of St Columb’s Park House to find ways of ending actions that were leading to young people risking criminal charges and seeking to establish a unified approach to addressing PUL grievances and priorities. Growing resentment around the ‘Flags’ issue in Belfast had led to plans for a march which risked provoking unrest. The Steering Group persuaded organisers to hold a Civil Rights March to voice Protestant concerns. A Unionist Forum was formed shortly afterwards. It did produce some outcomes but gradually diminished in numbers and effectiveness.

When the opening concert of the UK City of Culture took place in the Venue, built to house events during the year and based in the Waterside close to a perceived PUL neighbourhood, actions by the PSNI, displaying a robust determination to prevent any disruption, produced an angry and embittered response. This did not bode well for broad unionist engagement yet low expectations at this stage were misplaced as the flags dispute came to be seen as a ‘ Belfast problem ‘.

That this proved to be the case is due to a desire by key stakeholders and leaders within the community to protect the hard won benefits of peaceful parading in the city. By no means least was the emergence of leaders within the Londonderry Bands Forum and other cultural and community leaders within the PUL community who, convinced of the need for unionist or PUL culture to engage and participate in the UK City of Culture, persuaded their members and wider constituency to act from the premise that “this is our city as well”. It was a clear rationale culminating in a broader vision and progressive leadership

Supported by St Columb’s Park House and the availability of funding from the Culture Company, National Lottery and The Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure, the Bands Forum explored possibilities towards acting from a more cohesive and strategic premise. In so doing it is not unreasonable to view the outcome as a success where others had been failing and an indication how bands could lead and partner development and change.

The approach of An Cultúrlann had acted as a catalyst but it was becoming clear that for change and events to happen on an agreed and inclusive basis, communities need to engage, build trust and travel together towards transformation. It was also a key factor that sides around the table wanted the same outcome for some of the same but also for different reasons and engaged until agreement was reached and inclusion achieved.


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3.4 Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann – August 2013

After several discussions described by an interviewee as “ honest, straight-talking and respectful “ it was decided to send four bands – Churchill, Caw, Pride of the Orange and Blue and Burntollet Sons of Ulster – to represent the marching band tradition. The bands performed on ‘ gig rigs ‘ on both sides of the river Foyle to audiences drawn from over the whole island of Ireland and were well received. Members of the Forum did media work around their participation. Over 200 musicians took part and Master classes by Band members were held in St Columb’s Park House.

For the Londonderry Bands Forum this marked significant advancement towards one of its key objectives as outlined in its Strategic Plan developed in March 2013: “promote a positive image of Marching Bands within the PUL community, to decision makers including Parades Commission and politicians and to a cross-community audience.”

Participation in the Fleadh was a perfect platform. It can only have been of assistance that one recently formed band, a member of the Forum and with the support of fellow members, had already participated in an important cross-community event, the Opening Parade of the Foyle Cup, a recently developed but successful youth football tournament.

The Caw Flute band drew its members from the Caw/ Nelson Drive area. A previous band with strong paramilitary connections had become defunct. With the support of the Bands forum and the practical encouragement of the local Community Association a new band was formed on the basis of no connection to any paramilitary organisation. In terms of its progress and rationale measured in terms of leadership, band commitment, community involvement and the support of the Bands Forum it stands as an example of ‘Good Practice.’

The Foyle Cup was not a Year of Culture event but the participation of the Caw Flute Band delivered a symbolic dividend and positive impact in terms of impetus towards fuller engagement. Just weeks before, some of the band members described by an interviewee close to the band as ‘strong loyalists’ had been active in flag protests and voicing concerns to the PSNI with regard to policing. The entire nationalist and republican community did not universally welcome their participation as some teams withdrew from the parade however it was to prove an important contribution.

The PSNI had responded to criticism by meeting with complainants and community representatives in what proved robust but constructive dialogue. The situation had been defused. The community leaders and the Bands Forum gave support and encouragement to the young leaders of the band who had made their own decision and brought their members along with them.

By this time, security teams that included PUL ex-prisoner’s organisations as well as republican former prisoners were being deployed to marshal, assist with traffic management and provide general security at main events. That ideologically opposed groups could develop a working relationship was indicative of growing PUL comfort with the UK City of Culture and a willingness to work around the use of the term UK and other identity issues. Whilst this was not true for all within the Bands Forum negotiations and discussions around the Fleadh had largely addressed initial resistance and produced a realisation as to the possibilities offered by engaging.

Another significant outcome was the emergence of new leadership, drawn from a particular community constituency, different to past community models and responding in a more participatory and bold manner when dealing with issues and interests deemed important to its members. When set against comments contained in Building Confidence: Ways to Support Protestant Participation and Inclusion in the North West pertaining to political leadership and the seeming willingness of local political leaders to follow rather than lead on the UK City of Culture it is scarcely surprising that one interviewee concluded: “the community are way ahead of the politicians… they need to get their act together.”


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3.5 The Londonderry Bands Forum and the Fleadh – Views and Impact.

In the absence of quantifiable or statistical data, the evidence presented by the author is selected from interviews with or documentation provided by individuals either directly or indirectly involved with the Londonderry Bands Forum and aims to provide a cross-section of views. The evidence reflects diverse judgement, opinion, anecdotal recollection and not a little hope. In some cases it has contributed to the determination of policy, funding and planning. Unless stated otherwise all the interviewees were expressing individual views and not expressing the views or policy of their organisation.

‘During the course of 2013 a unique relationship developed between An Gaeláras, an organisation whose purpose is the promotion of the Irish language and culture and the Londonderry Bands Forum, who are the most visible representatives of the P/U/L community locally. These groups are seen, in terms of the Northern Ireland experience, poles apart and the antithesis of each other. However, the engagement during the Fleadh used music as the common ground through which to facilitate communication and build relationships. This provided the perfect opportunity to make a real difference in the perceptions of large parts of both communitiesReport: Cultúrlann Uí Chanáin. February 2014

‘Our influence has been evident in major events in our city. The ‘ Pan Celtic’ festival saw us working in partnership with the organisers to showcase the traditional music of the marching bands and the ability to interact and perform with musicians of other styles and cultures. This year also sees us travel to Sligo for the All-Ireland Fleadh both in a playing and a workshop capacity, a trip we are all looking forward to.Report: Londonderry Bands Forum

“I was one of the main supporters of involvement in the Fleadh. It was a musical festival. I followed the bands to Sligo. There was great positivity and acceptance of our culture. People enjoyed the music”Political representative: Democratic Unionist Party

“As an organisation we have no policy on this and have not discussed it with our members or with the Bands Forum. However, some individuals would have reservations regarding the links between the Londonderry Bands Forum and Cultúrlann and attendance at the Fleadh. Not so long ago they were seeking to block our culture. The Fleadh is not part of our history or culture. We should promote our culture. …’Interviewee, Apprentice Boys of Derry

“Fleadh Cheoil left a legacy of benefit. It was an inclusive festival used to break down barriers and open up the West bank. There is no threat in a music festival. It had a socio-political element bringing people together. It was an opportunity to build peace. We were accused of using it for political purposes and to an extent politics did ‘ piggy-back’ on the event but the integrity of the Fleadh was honoured and it created a sense that the city could belong to all. It made possible the attendance of the PSNI Band in the Guildhall Square………… Did it change the perception of the Marching Bands? No one said this is a disgrace. The bands played in Victoria Market Car Park and were welcomed. Seeing the bands humanised them. They were no longer one-dimensional. A process has begun that has to be developed. Some barriers still have to be broken down……. It is less of a problem in the South. The bands accepted an invitation to go to Sligo. Some people shouted at them in the street but they came from the North…… it would be a step forward to see Marching Bands at the West Belfast Festival and accepted in North Belfast.”Interviewee: An Cultúrlann

“Fleadh showed how bands could influence development. You are unlikely to be attacked by those who watch. It created positivity.”Kenny McFarland, Londonderry Bands Forum

“ We fund to empower people to build strategy to deliver valid outcomes and find ways to get beyond the problems they have identified. The Year of Culture 2013 was seminal. The bands played at Aggro Corner and understood ‘we can


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be ourselves in this community’. That is of great value. They filled a void and have provided inspiration in the city and an example to the PUL community ……. meeting challenges, learning and positive leadership that politicians are maybe not providing. Others are coming to hear the story.Interviewee: Community Foundation for Northern Ireland.

“We were told of the lasting legacy of the last year’s Fleadh programme in which the city’s Loyalist bands played an integral role. In a striking contribution, we were told that the event served to showcase the traditions of the Protestant, Loyalist, and Unionist community. We heard that while this heritage may have been tolerated by the wider community in the past, the role of the bands in the Fleadh has contributed to the heritage now being accepted and celebrated.”Houses of the Oireáchtas, GFA Committee, Chairman Joe McHugh TD

“ I am more involved in my community. I have become more mature and I try to look at the bigger picture and encourage others to do the same. For me and many of the band members taking part in the Fleadh which is seen as a nationalist event, would have been unheard of 3 years ago.”Member and Office Bearer, Caw Flute Band

“ When the bid for the UK City of Culture was submitted there was a range of opinions. It was problematic for some. Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann was a flagship event within the City of Culture. The LBF brought diversity and brought people together. When people are talking and listening to each other they are less likely to be enemies. The PSNI Band came and the LBF helped to make this possible. They built confidence and showed that music can transcend political differences. Maybe this will make it possible to normalise parades and make days in the city less tense for all where events and culture are respected.”Interviewee: City Centre Management

“Culture can be an enabler of change. During the Year of Culture following the participation of the Caw Band in the Foyle Cup, the local Fleadh Committee and the PUL community put in a lot of hard work to ensure the event was about cultural tradition and not politics. It helped to bring people together and the PSNI worked with the voluntary and community sectors to become a sounding board for ideas. Involvement of the LBF in the Pan Celtic Festival and Music City has helped to promote a more positive image.”Interviewee: PSNI

“ The Fleadh was for me a positive, showing that we can share. It was a progressive and courageous decision by the Bands Forum and reflected well on them. The future of the Forum looks positive and we are in a better place where it is not about perpetual problems.”Interviewee: Social, Democratic and Labour Party

“There was a lot of back work but the outcome was fantastic with a lot of engagement and inclusion. It was a big decision by the bands particularly at a time when there was tension over flags and parades and instability at Stormont. The Forum members are not afraid to lead and bring their constituency with them. It is going forward.”Interviewee: Derry City and Strabane District Council

“The Fleadh was well received and politicians gained some political capital. The Forum emerged with great credit but there is still a great deal of apathy and the future will be defined by new problems. Whilst the LBF is unique and has been recognised at different levels as ‘ ground-breakers’ it needs to define roles within different areas. Also, there are problems regarding perceptions within the ‘middle class’ and ‘outside’ bands.”Interviewee: Local historian and Community activist

“Attending the Fleadh was the right decision. Bands got some negativity but the majority welcomed it and many band members are apolitical. They are simply interested in music. We should not let the gains for culture and the community slip. It brought good to the city. Letting it slip could have a negative affect. Communication between the LBF and the Loyal Orders needs to improve for the future.”Interviewee: Member of City of Derry Grand Lodge


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FIG 1.Extract from Survey and Data Capture Form: January 2016 (15 members of the LBF responded)

[As to why members express their views as above it is clear from Focus Group findings that they believe the participation by the bands in the Fleadh and the cultural links referred to above challenges stereotypical perceptions of bands and leads to greater appreciation of band members as musicians who happen to be members of marching bands. There is also strong support for sharing the culture that the bands represent in more inclusive and non- threatening ways. Not least is the view that the participation of the bands is beneficial for the whole community and helps to sustain peace and reduces fear and distrust. For the members ‘Divided by history, united by music’ is more than a strapline.]

“ The LBF has had a huge impact and more so than many other community projects. In short it has demonstrated success in working for cultural respect and understanding. There is a way to go and with some groups success is partial. Some stereotypical views and negative assumptions remain in unionism as much as nationalism. This remains a challenge. Politicians keep their distance and prefer tight party control. In this instance a leadership vacuum results and LBF are to some extent filling this within the PUL community. But, it cannot solve all the problems.”Interviewee: Director, St Columb’s Park House

“The band is part of the community and when it participated in the Fleadh it won new respect and support.”Interviewee: Crescent Community and Cultural Centre

“I saw the fleadh. I saw the bands and people from the PUL community acting as stewards. It was expected to be divisive but this was not the case. It was a positive experience and funding is needed for the longer term to support new Initiatives.”Interviewee: Board member, St Columb’s Park House

“The success of the Fleadh took politicians by surprise. Unionism was to be represented but representatives were absent. They had been dismissive and fearful. They were out of touch with the general feeling. Bouncers in the pubs and vintners were saying that people on the ground wanted to be involved. Members in bands were saying the same thing. The Bands Forum provided the leadership and filled a vacuum. Bands playing in the Fleadh broke new ground. The Bands Forum showed how effective community action can be if it finds the right platform.”Interviewee: Member of Londonderry Bands Forum and Community Activist.

“With reference to our conversation earlier we received an email from the Oireáchtas which is the Irish Parliament. They are planning to visit on 20th February … There is a lot of interest in the Fleadh Ceoil and its impact. They would be interested in cross-community impact…”Extract from email, An Cultúrlann to Londonderry Bands Forum, February, 2014 prior to members of the Londonderry Bands Forum facilitating the request for a meeting.

“The Fleadh afforded…..opportunity….to focus on music. Symbols, flags, songs and uniforms were on show ..in

Was the participation of the LBF in Fleadh na hEireann

Do you consider links between the LBF and cultural organisations e.g. An Cultúrlann, Sollus

ACTION FOCUS RESPONSE Very important Important Not important

11

8

3

7

1


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juxtaposition to what is seen as another’s cultural celebration. P/U/L Marching bands in uniform performed on a stage with the Fleadh logo as a backdrop…… contentious symbols became secondary to the showcasing of musical talent.This however, was the first engagement of its kind and is still very tentative. Having successfully achieved this step we aim to build on relationships made.”An Gaeláras Ltd, Cross-community Initiatives

“I had reservations about the UK City of Culture. There were rows between individuals within Council and the Company and I was uneasy about the logo and the name. In the end there were a lot of good events and the Fleadh seemed to provide interest and enjoyment. It was good to see bands involved and welcome but when you have to work with politicians from the community that is supposed to respect our culture, the picture is different. I don’t feel that our views get much of a hearing. That is the reality. A lot of unionist people who may have gone to the Fleadh, not everyone did, are concerned that they have little say in decisions affecting their lives in the city. Inclusion only goes so far.”Interviewee: Political representative, Ulster Unionist Party

“ I did not realise the bands played on the Cityside. I went to the Protestant fleadh in Ebrington Square”Waterside resident who attended the Fleadh in 2013

“During its tenure of the UK City of Culture ……what went on Derry/Londonderry stands as a symbol of the transformation of the relationship between our countries, from colonisation and conflict to partnership and friendship, and they are a shared symbol of our shared future together.”Irish President Michael D Higgins, Guildhall Banquet, London. April 4, 2014

3.6 The Walled City Tattoo - 2013

Against the background of opportunity afforded by the UK City of Culture 2013 the Londonderry Bands Forum emerged as a positive factor in improving relations within the city and is credited accordingly however credit is also due to others.

The success of the Walled City Tattoo held in Ebrington Square on the Waterside close to the Peace Bridge was a high profile event that saw dancers and musicians from across the community perform together before cross-community audiences. The majority of performers were from the PUL community. This was another event that encouraged inclusion and participation in that musicians and performers felt they had a place in the cultural life of the city and that the non-PUL community acknowledged this. Of no little consequence was the moral and financial support of the DCAL Ministry administered by a Sinn Féin MLA.

The Londonderry Bands Forum with the Sollus Ulster-Scots Centre at Bready and Blue Eagle Productions were pivotal in staging the Walled City Tattoo. This was the beginning of a productive network by no means exclusive which continues today and has expanded into parading, in partnership with the Orange Order and the Apprentice Boys of Derry, education and other areas of the life of the city some of it in co-operation with cultural bodies seen as coming from a different community.

The value of this is recognised in the generosity of funders prepared to endorse and support the activities. These include Derry City Council (pre-RPA), NW Peace III, the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs in Dublin, Department for Culture, Arts and Leisure of the NI Assembly and the International Fund for Ireland which in August 2013 extended its funding, administered through St Columb’s Park House, in terms of amount and for a two-year programme. This facilitated the appointment of a Co-ordinator. This has proved to be important in building and sustaining the momentum of the activities of the Bands Forum.


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FOUR | THE LONDONDERRY BANDS FORUM: 2013-2015

KEY DEVELOPMENTS:

a The appointment of a full-time Co-ordinatora Strategic plans, Leadership and Impacta Marching Bands Project: Challenging Preconceptions and Misconceptions through Education and Dialoguea The Maiden City Accorda Ard Fheis 2015a Community Development and Cultural Networkinga Local and Devolved Government – Mapping the actions of the Londonderry Bands Forum in terms of linkage to Public Body Plans and Strategies

4.1 The appointment of a full-time Co-ordinator

In August 2013 an interview panel came together to appoint a full-time co-ordinator for the Londonderry Bands Forum. The successful candidate was Derek Moore a well-known and respected individual from within the Bands Forum. He was at the time and remains a member of the William King Memorial Flute Band. He was, on appointment, the only full-time co-ordinator of any of the Bands Forums within the Confederation of Ulster Bands. In the words of one interviewee who has a long association with one of the early Band Forums: “ The Londonderry Bands Forum has established a model for others to follow throughout Northern Ireland. The dynamic that Londonderry has developed through having a full-time co-ordinator, supported by others like Kenny McFarland and Forum members, has opened doors and the LBF has gone through. It has experience, expertise and ‘a way of doing’ that other forums can benefit from.”

Before commenting on and evaluating the activities of the Londonderry Bands Forum 2013 -2015, it is appropriate and a measure of its success since 2013 and the appointment of Derek Moore, to recognise the level of approval and support within the Londonderry Bands Forum and wider community. The data is extracted from an Opinion Survey and Data Capture Form completed by 15 Forum members in January 2016 and interviews.

The appointment of a full time Co-ordinator for the LBF was…… That the individual appointed as Co-ordinator of the LBF is a member of a Band is…..


13

10

2

5

FIG 2


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By 2016 the approval rating for the activities of the LBF are positive and re-assuring for the leadership:

The creation and development of the LBF has been beneficial for local bands

The creation and development of the LBF has been beneficial for the greater Londonderry area

ACTION FOCUS RESPONSE AGREE DISAGREE NO FIRM OPINION

15

12 3

FIG 3.

{Focus groups voice their appreciation for the perceived benefits arising from the establishment of a Bands Forum and the appointment of a full-time Co-ordinator who ‘understands bands.’ The rivalry that once existed between bands has all but disappeared. There is more co-operation and cohesion in the relationships which bands now enjoy. Sharing of expertise, experience and musicians is now viewed as highly beneficial and mutually supportive. Training, planning and advice on fund-raising and band management, readily available through the full-time Co-ordinator, is valued. There is little doubt that this has developed confidence and built capacity through progressive and constructive cultural expression. Through a willingness to share the latter and reach out to other groups, some of whom have initiated contacts, is a major contribution to community cohesion and well-being. At the time of writing the Bands Forum does not have a written constitution and bands can opt in or out of decisions but there is strong evidence that most if not all see the dynamic of a Forum as a good way of doing things.}

Such views are not exclusive to the Londonderry Bands Forum and are shared widely. The cameos and extracts from interviews provided below will serve to illustrate:

“We welcome the LBF. The ability to liaise with someone who is full time provides contact and a voice to improve discipline and music on parades and challenge perceptions and misconceptions. In the past and over a period of time some Bands parades produced a culture of watching, drinking and loutish behaviour which reflected on other parades. Change has been achieved with a few exceptions and with the LBF we have established and are promoting standards of behaviour based on respect and dignity. All parades should adhere to these.”Interviewee: Apprentice Boys of Derry

“Having a local group like the LBF with a recognised and respected point of contact provides focus and direction. The personality of the Co-ordinator and the Chairman offer an important advantage. They are a sounding board for ideas and a mechanism for communication.”Interviewee: PSNI

“Since 2013 the LBF has been able to bring structure and good practices to many bands, particularly, young bands which did not have these. Derek and the LBF have been working on this and supporting it.”Interviewee: Democratic Unionist Party

“ The Maiden City Accord was the outcome of work between the Bands Forum and the Loyal Orders in the city. The LBF was at the centre of it and played a co-ordinating role.”Interviewee: City of Derry Grand Orange Lodge


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“ The new band has had a lot of help and encouragement from Derek and the LBF. There has been help with music, training and policies. They are always in the background with their advice. It has helped the band to win the respect and support of the community. This has had a positive effect on behaviour. There is much less low-level anti-social behaviour than before and this is acknowledged by the PSNI. The LBF’s influence has had a positive effect on the community through the young people in the band.”Interviewee: Crescent Community and Culture Centre

“ The LBF, with others, has put the city in a better place where we are not perpetuating problems and reducing tension and avoiding offence. The leaders have shown courage and a willingness to take risks broadening out what we mean by culture and sharing.”Interviewee: Political representative: Social and Democratic Labour Party

“The LBF and its leadership is a forum for conversations and a vehicle for solving problems. There was a particular issue in a bar resulting from the behaviour of a small group of visiting band members during the Relief celebrations and a ban was put in place for the following year. Derek contacted me and with goodwill and collaboration on all sides, we were able to manage the situation positively. The prohibition was lifted and the trader told me he had one of his best days of the year. The structures are helping to bring solutions.”Interviewee: City Centre Management.

“The appointment of a Co-ordinator was pivotal. Derek and Kenny who complement each other have a passion for bands and under their leadership the LBF is achieving much and with their success the list of demands and possibilities seems to grow. I begin to question if one person can manage.”Interviewee: Local historian and Community activist

“Events after my appointment were something of a baptism of fire. The Year of Culture and the Tattoo were a major boost as was the Pan-Celtic Festival and the financial support of IFI but the Marching Event in Ebrington Square in the autumn was a test. Out of it I gained credibility and the event showed what effort and application could achieve. The next years provided more of a focus on working with younger bands, training and trying to get all the main people there although some of the linkage established during the Year of Culture continued.”Interviewee: Derek Moore: Co-ordinator, Londonderry Bands Forum

“ The leadership is making an impact on the city and has the potential to make an impact on Northern Ireland. Stereotypes are being challenged and social justice issues like under-achievement are being tackled. Bands are on a more professional level and community development is following. Why did we not do it before?”Interviewee: Board member, St Columb’s Park House.

“ The appointment was a good one. The Co-ordinator has passion, focus, and energy, is organised and meets challenges. In addition the LBF has brought in expertise and the right people are involved………... A change of perception is happening………… With the flexibility built into the funding stream there is more potential for overcoming unforeseen difficulties and challenges and the leaders are empowered to build strategies and deliver valid outcomes. It was a long-term aim to get into schools so money was allocated to this. ……..The LBF is bringing organisation to some communities and empowering bands. They are trying to improve……. There are new relationships in the city and others are coming to hear the story. It is reaching people not in the mainstream and giving a voice to their views…….. Republican bands are being influenced by the LBF in terms of uniforms and musicianship. In the Pan-Celtic Festival the LBF were not just participants but co-organisers.”Interviewee: Community Foundation for Northern Ireland

“To sum up, the leadership is excellent. They are not afraid to be leaders and bring people with them. They do not break with their constituency. The LBF has gone forward with the leadership of key workers and volunteers within the bands.”Interviewee: Derry City and Strabane District Council


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“ The Londonderry Bands Forum has made a huge impact on so many other community groups. In short, it has demonstrated success and people are gravitating towards it. The right people are doing the right work at the right time. They are progressive and care.”Director: St Columb’s Park House.

“Key government agencies observe what the LBF is doing and take soundings on community issues. This is due to Derek and the leadership in co-operation with other cultural organisations across the community building up credibility and pursuing positive and progressive strategy addressing areas wherein others have been unwilling to take risks. In my view there are leaders in Derry within the community and cultural sectors that it never had before.”Interviewee: Member of Londonderry Bands Forum and Community activist.

“We have achieved a lot and a lot has happened over the last few years. It has been useful to have Derek in place and at St Columb’s Park House because of the contacts he can make and the organisation he brings. This has been beneficial but there is more to do……….. I detect ‘snobbery’ within the PUL community or so it sometimes appears, and aspects of our culture are dismissed. If this is due to misconceptions, we need to change them………... We are in schools but there are many uneducated brains within our community due to social barriers and we can maybe do something………. We have shown through our participation in shared cultural events how we can influence development even when it is unplanned. We have shown that a rising tide can raise all boats.”Interviewee: Kenny McFarland, Chairperson: Londonderry Bands Forum

“ The appointment of a Co-ordinator within the Londonderry Bands Forum, provided a key worker who could ensure this still very tentative relationship which was the first engagement of its kind could be built upon……… Having a point of contact…..facilitates communication with a large PUL community and provides the opportunity for ideas to develop and grow between 2 communities who have not, in recent history, found culture to be a vehicle for collaboration but rather an area of contention.”Report – Cultúrlann Uí Chanáin, February 2014

4.2 Strategic Plans, Leadership and Impact

In March 2013 the Londonderry Bands Forum published and presented to its 10-band membership a Strategic Plan which also referenced a Mission Statement outlining, amongst others:

• The promotion of community engagement through an inter-generational approach; • Promoting musical talent; • Community-building relationships with statutory agencies.

Underpinning these and identified as values were:

• Community support to young people, • Providing leadership to promote a non-sectarian and non-political agenda; • Preserving and promoting culture, acceptance of Protestant culture; and • Counteracting the mentality of victimhood prevalent in the Protestant, Unionist and Loyalist tradition.

A SWOT analysis was included in the Plan. Derek Moore on being appointed inherited the Plan. However, in a presentation to the Interview Panel he tabled his thinking and analysis and this, with the shared input of other leaders within the Forum, continuous interaction with and encouragement of various organisations and Bodies, has shaped the activities and achievement of the Londonderry Bands Forum since the autumn of 2013. The two-year programme was structured as four key strands:

• STRAND 1: The Strategic Direction; • STRAND 2: Band Leaders; • STRAND 3: Young Leaders; and • STRAND 4: Inclusive Community Engagement

contextualised in terms of peace impact.


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Within the strands, as reflected in this evaluation, a variety of examples serve to illustrate methodology and activities. These include using music ‘as a bridge’, encouraging and building leadership capacity, engagement with the PSNI, Parades Commission and Orange Order, events to showcase music and culture, cross-community collaboration, education and employment training and commemorations. The development, activities and focus of the Londonderry Bands Forum provide evidence of how these have been delivered and in ways which, as indicated above, have been afforded the approval and admiration of individuals, organisations and statutory Bodies. It is also the case that they have led to requests by other Bands Forum and community groupings within the PUL sector for advice and information sharing.

The extracts below are drawn from a Report to the International Fund for Ireland with a focus on “Progress and Contacts made through the Project” during the period 2013-2014. Quarterly Reports are submitted to the international Fund for Ireland and data is presented under the following criteria:

• Training Courses; • Personal Development Courses; • Employability Related Courses; • Peace and Reconciliation Activities with Dates; • Intra-community Engagements or Events with Dates; • Inter-community Engagements or Events with Dates.

Further information is recorded under: numbers invited, religious breakdown, numbers attending, religious breakdown, gender, age – under 30, 30-60 and over 60.

The examples below provide a flavour of the activities and range of undertakings. Accountability and transparency are integral elements.

a) Member of delegation from the Confederation of Ulster Confederation of Bands to the Haas-O’Sullivan Panel of Parties;

b) Meeting with Sandy Row Community Forum, Belfast which included a tour of the Bogside Murals and the Apprentice Boys of Derry Museum;

c) Visit by Craigavon Cross-Community Group. Lisa Anderson from the Droichead Project based at An Cultúrlann also attended;

d) PSNI meeting to discuss and resolve parading incident; e) Celebration of Culture at Sollus Centre – Bands, Ulster Scots and Irish traditional; f) Divided by History-United By Music– William King Memorial Flute Band and St Joseph’s Brass Band; g) Community Summit with Fountain Groups aimed at bringing a co-ordinated and collaborative approach

to community work; h) Fountain Social Justice Project; i) Networking – Bob Harte Memorial Trust; j) Hosting Randalstown Cultural Awareness Association. This group included men and women, young and

old and former combatants and ex-prisoners. The visit included a visit to the hall of the Ancient Order of Hibernians;

k) Planning has been put in place and is now being implemented for a Toolkit for Bands which addresses management, leadership, legal issues, musicianship and policy-making;

l) Audio-visual archive of bands and their history produced by a group of young male and female band members;

m) Young band members have facilitated Opinion Surveys by Lucidtalk Polling and Queen’s University, Belfast; n) Presentations at Holywell Trust and DiverseCity, Londonderry; o) Links with DYCW Job Assist; p) Meeting with Ballymoney Cultural Group.


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During this period also, preliminary meetings took place that culminated in the introduction of the Forum’s Education Programme and the Maiden City Accord.

These important and groundbreaking initiatives are discussed more fully in the following sections. They display dynamic and creative leadership that is responsive to needs and situations but also committed to building capacity focused on group cultural identity but in ways which contribute to the whole community. It has a strong ethical base.

4.3 Marching Bands Programme: Challenging Preconceptions and Misconceptions through Education and Dialogue

In May 2014 the Londonderry Bands Forum launched its Marching Bands Programme for schools. The aim was to give pupils across the education sectors the opportunity to gain insight into different types of bands and experience and what it is like to play in a group/band.

Development of the Programme was encouraged and assisted by officers within the Community Relations Department of Derry City Council who recognised the value and potential of the materials. They valued in particular the appointment of a full-time Co-ordinator with musical background and having met with Derek Moore and the leadership saw how the work being undertaken could fit into the Good Relations Strategy of the Council and “provide opportunity for greater collaboration and promote a positive experience of cultural identity.” (Interviewee)

It was being recognised that the Bands Forum could act as a conduit for communicating within the PUL community and on a cross-community basis. It was also an opportunity to build on the legacy of the UK City of Culture, recently ended.

In regard to the preparation of materials for the Education Programme the Council could bring expertise and professional support in regard to text and style. Limited funding was made available to purchase percussion instruments, prepare, pilot and launch worksheets. Through the funding made available by the International Fund for Ireland Peace Impact Programme, Andrew Lynch, a young band member experienced in tuition within a band was employed to deliver the programme in schools. At the time, Andrew had completed 10 years as member of a band and 4 years as a tutor to learners. To date the Education Programme has been a success and made a positive impact. The new Derry City and Strabane District Council as part of its ‘Cultural Quarter Programme’ have also used it. The tables provided on page 38 indicate the extent and nature of the Programme in terms of participants.


38

FIG 4

FIG 5


39


40

The numbers indicated in Fig 4, which also includes community groups, show a commendable achievement in accessing schools and groups across the different sectors and across the community.

The one exception is Controlled non-Grammar and this is a matter of concern to the leadership of the Londonderry Bands Forum. Anecdotal evidence suggests that there has been a perception issue in the one school in the area which receives as non-selected pupils most of the young band members who transfer to post-primary school.

Until recently there has been difficulty in gaining access to discuss the concerns that centre on the belief that band membership is sometimes associated with under-achievement and behavioural concerns. This in turn has a consequence as to how the musical ability of the young band musicians are viewed and encouraged within a school setting. There is a realistic possibility of disaffection and marginalisation.

At the time of writing this is being addressed in a number of ways. New leadership is in place within the school and initial contact has been made to open up discussion and resolve any issue in the interests of the pupils and school. Further, as a result of a positive meeting with the Minister of Education for the Northern Ireland Assembly (pre-2016) John O’Dowd MLA, the Londonderry Bands Forum has been in contact with officers of the Western Education and Library Board to ascertain ways of recognising within Board-funded musical provision the musical prowess of the band members in schools and explore positive methods of the school music facilities becoming more inclusive in terms of recognising and celebrating all musical ability. This is based on the firm belief that this will in turn raise the self -esteem and confidence of a particular cohort of young people within the PUL community and assist in addressing under-achievement. It is also in its way supportive of a modern school ethos.

This too has been a strong motivating factor in the Londonderry Bands Forum offering its programme to the primary sector. The experience of tutors, supported by feedback from School Principals, is that the young people “enjoy playing the instruments” and this builds confidence and a sense of achievement. Conscious of this, the Londonderry Bands Forum has purchased flutes for use in schools and as a result of this, some young people who would not have access to instruments are able to avail of music tuition in a more inclusive way.

Since launching the Programme the Londonderry Bands Forum has funded professional advice which has resulted in the development of a Teaching and Learning Policy, Schemes of Work matched to the NI Curriculum for Primary and Post-primary schools, Lesson Schemes with a self-evaluation and self-improvement process for the tutor which also includes periodic classroom observation, and Assessment for Learning techniques aimed at encouraging young people to assess their own progress.

Examples of lesson planning and a Classroom Observation Report pro-forma are provided below:

Name Workshop Leader: Andrew Lynch Session Number: 11

Location: Ashlea Primary School Age Group: Primary 6 & 7

Date: 21st January 2016 Group Numbers: 15

Workshop Preparation Form


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General:Goals, Norms and value of Workshop: To teach and have the pupils learn the basics of the B flat flute.To have groups play tunes and work on playing together and get used to playing and listening to each other. Have groups work and play on percussion to accompany the flute with. Teaching pupils how to listen and work together.

Materials Required: Flutes (15), Own flute, Drum, Pen Drive, Music Note Cards, Scales, Music (When the Saint Go Marching In).

The Workshop:Introduction and Workshop: • Notes / Scales. Go over the notes Learnt up to now C, B, A, G, F, E, D as group and individually. • Music Cards. Identify the notes with music cards.Heart of the Workshop: • Music Dynamics. Talk about music dynamics. • Conducting. Conducting Orchestra Pupils do it (Could need instruments). • Tune. Continue work on when the Saints go marching in.Conclusion: • Music Game: Timed with Leader board. • Music Game: Match letter with note game (4 Groups).

Evaluation:Gradually build on all the skills needed to play the flute and percussion while working on the pupil’s confidence and reinforcing basic numerical skills through learning to read and understand music. Work on building confidence in order to play instruments in front of classmates. Make learning fun and interesting in order to keep their interest.

FIG 6.


42


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FIG 7.

Londonderry Bands ForumEducation Programme – 2015-2016

LESSON OBSERVATION REPORT Ashlea Primary School. P5/6/7 date: 21.01.2016

• Clear evidence of preparation and planning. Lesson plan was thoughtfully prepared to address learning outcomes, and assessment of the same.

• Linkage to Action Plan was evident.• Teaching materials were purposeful, accessible and focused.

• The lesson was mostly well- paced with a need to reflect on content and amount in some sections

• Methodology was balanced with a strong emphasis on oral work, individual activities and whole-class teaching.

• Pupils were encouraged to participate actively• There was positive reinforcement and recognition of learning

• Discipline was problem-free. Instructions were clear.• Class was purposefully engaged on task and responded to guidance

of the teacher.• Pupils were well behaved and found the lesson enjoyable. Pupils

related well to each other and the teacher. • There is scope for encouraging pupils to assess their own progress

and recognise areas for practice. This lesson was delivered in a competent manner. The pace of the lesson was mostly measured .The activity was mostly completed and provision was made to build on learning in the next lesson. Questions and learning activities were effectively targeted and there was clear evidence of learning. Classroom management was positive and pupil-friendly. Within the lesson the teacher had to organise equipment and materials. Thought should be given to enlisting appropriate help to avoid interference with teaching and learning.

Evidence of Preparation and Planning

Teaching and Learning

Classroom Management and Organisation

Evaluation

Comment: Many thanks to the tutor for his preparation and application.

Signed: T Wright Observer/ Evaluator Signed: A Lynch LBF Tutor


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These observations alongside the self-evaluation of the tutor, reproduced below, formed the basis of discussion and preparation for the next lesson.

Thursday 21st January

Started the lesson with everyone playing all the notes they have learned so far C, B, A, G, F, E, D. Pupils were then given time to practice themselves especially F, E, D which need the most practice as notes B, A, G are good. Moved on to the music cards to test their sight-reading. Each pupil was given a card and had to give me the letter F again. Most pupils are getting and others working it out.

I then give a presentation on music dynamics. I felt when coming near the end I had lost some of the pupils but think with a few demonstrations I was able to get the main point I wanted to which was about crescendos.

We then went onto practice our tune When the Saints go Marching In and played it together which considering the time scale was good. Need to work on note values next week and getting them to play together.

To finish off the lesson we played some games to test their knowledge. The first game was to recap on the presentation of dynamics and also give pupils the chance to conduct which the pupils seems to enjoy. This was the first time I used this with a class and a better seating arrangement would work better like a semi-circle. The second game was to build speed on their sight-reading.

Talking after to the teacher it is clear that the class love competition so I am thinking of making a leader board between all the groups I take which means we can reassess how they getting on.

To finish with we did our usual game of match the letters to the note but made the groups smaller again than last week. The pupils are progressing well but we need to work on playing together and listen to what is going on around them. This applies to all activities.

Andrew

FIG 8.

Further development has seen the launch of an 8 to 10-week flute programme which teaches pupils the basics of playing a flute and reading music and a partnership between Andrew Lynch and a Highland Bagpipes tutor based at the Sollus Ulster-Scots Centre, Bready aimed at developing an accreditation and reward system for pupils.

Feedback from pupils and teachers has been positive and constructive. Some examples taken from the evaluation process of the Derry City and Strabane District Council Good Relations Department serve to provide independent evidence.


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‘Culture Quarter’ Evaluation formJune 2015

1. Which workshop did your pupils take part in today? Marching Bands (Andrew Lynch)

2. What age group were pupils? (per class in each school) P5 – P7 13 100%

3. Please tick how you would rate this workshop overall: Very Good 6 46% Excellent 7 54%

4. Was it a worthwhile spend of Derry City and Strabane District Council’s funding for promoting Good Relations? (25% of this money is rates, 75% is secured from Stormont) Yes 13 100% - Yes, as many children had not seen and handled these unusual instruments. - A super cross community activity.

5. Was the advance communication about the workshops booking/content satisfactory? Yes 13 100% - Helpful - Booking made through our world around us coordinator

6. Good Relations is about tackling sectarianism, racism and promoting diversity and shared spaces etc. What did your pupils get out of having this workshop in the school? - Good cultural diversity, ethos already in school but all helps to tackle the above - New understanding of marching bands - I felt they had an insight to bands being part of both cultures - Both communities play similar tunes - They got to use instruments and enjoy the music from a tradition that perhaps was not their own - They realised that different religions can come together and have an understanding of one another - They have a better understanding of different religions sharing similar traditions - Good understanding of different cultures and how bands relate - Play instruments, learn about bands, competitions etc - The pupils realised that marching bands were multi cultural and also interested to know that bands played at the Fleadh - That all religions play drums

7. Was the facilitator well prepared? Please comment their work with the class: - Yes, took time to listen to their questions and answered them in full - Good relationship with the children - Yes - Well prepared. Excellent time - Yes – Andrew’s resources, face, delivery and activities were excellent - Yes. Great slide show, clips of music and videos, instruments with him and held the interest of the class - Yes, they were very well prepared and interacted really well with the children. They really enjoyed the instruments - Yes! Very prepared and all resources were super - Very well prepared - Yes, PowerPoint flutes and drums. All children actively engaged - He was extremely well prepared – thank you

FIG 9 (13 respondents in total)


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It must also be acknowledged that the programme has added value to the tutor who has been able to gain and refine teaching and planning skills and develop his personal capabilities.

As evidenced, by the attendance of the author at several meetings of the Forum and reinforced through focus groups and survey results, the members of the Forum are supportive and value the Education Programme and wish to see it continue. It has spurred consideration of introducing Grade certification and accreditation within bands and the organisation of a Feis where musicians can celebrate and develop their musical abilities with and in competition with their peers. It is believed that such a development in concert with other cultural organisations can raise the esteem of the community and its young and older musicians. It will also serve to address any lingering misconceptions with regard to marching bands. Planning has been included in a Strategic Plan which was drafted in December 2015.

Having been able to attend the planning meeting and have sight of the Draft Strategic Plan 2016 the author has recommended within this,

• The preparation of an integral 3 Year Strategic Development Plan for the Music Programme; • The refinement of a Job Description for the tutor with associated continuous professional development

and reporting procedures to the Co-ordinator and the Forum; • Regular classroom observation similar to that already undertaken and follow-up discussion with the

observer is also encouraged; • Formal accreditation of the evident skills of the Forum tutor could also be considered along with access

to courses or training in providing for young people with additional needs; and • Informal Monitoring to ascertain the extent to which pupils at primary school sustain their interest and

involvement after transfer to post-primary schools and any reasons where this becomes problematic or a gap in sustainability becomes apparent.

This is aimed at assisting the Education Authority that now governs education in Northern Ireland in supporting the programme offered by the Londonderry Bands Forum now and in the future. A productive partnership has been formed with schools and there is more potential to be gained through stronger cohesion that accesses the particular skills and talents within the community. This is surely an example of good practice that can help to close gaps in achievement and remove barriers to learning in a supportive and non-threatening way. In turn it can up skill the tutors drawn from the community. Future planning should also examine potential for pathways and progression in the Further Education and Higher Education sectors both of which have a strong base in the city and have, at times, had a tenuous link with the PUL community.

Finally in respect of the Music Programme it should be noted that the Londonderry Bands Forum made a valued contribution to a 3-Day Cultural Programme based at Stranmillis University College, Belfast.

In addition to the Musical programme commented upon above, the Londonderry Bands Forum has put in place fully funded projects aimed at providing training likely to increase the employability of members. These have included Courses in Leadership, Stewarding and Marshalling, Conflict Resolution and Mediation Skills and Media Training. Schemes of Work are being developed for B flat flute and side drums and the Forum has been in talks with a Training Organisation, historically seen as predominantly single identity, to explore joint initiatives with a focus on making training more inclusive and increasing skills levels in the city. In this vein, the Forum has sent members to discussions on Community Planning and the representatives have been active in making contributions and raising issues.

The concentration on younger band members and linkage with community organisations in seeking to address lack of motivation, raise skills and self-esteem is acknowledged by PSNI as having a positive effect on the behaviour of young people and has been a factor in reducing tension and disruptive behaviour. In a slightly


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flippant remark but one, which may have more than a grain of truth, an interviewee suggested that: “Band leaders are the new youth workers.”

In continuing its links with An Cultúrlann and within the Droichead Project, the Bands Forum has jointly funded and contributed to the production of materials for use in schools and community groups which show how culture can contribute to transformation and conflict resolution. There has been robust negotiation and discussion as each of the contributing groups have worked together to ensure the production of materials with which each can be satisfied in terms of balance and interpretation. Discussion has been professional, open and honest but never difficult or uncomfortable. The latter is evidence of the mutual respect in which each holds the other and the nature of the relationship that has developed and continues. The materials are being piloted and an evaluation of the project is currently underway. It is likely that this will form a basis for joint work as the two organisations continue to meet regularly under the title of Next Steps.

4.4 The Maiden City Accord

“Common sense put on paper.”Interviewee: Apprentice Boys of Derry

For 5 months from the 1st February 2014, a group of interested representatives met at St Columb’s Park House to discuss matters relating to parades in Londonderry involving bands, Orange Lodges, clubs of the Apprentice Boys of Derry, Royal Black Preceptories, Organisers and Safety Marshals. The outcome was the Maiden City Accord which within a short time from its launch, was widely welcomed and lauded by a variety of groups and political parties across the community. It was widely reported in the local and regional media and copies were circulated to interested parties.

The foreword is reproduced here in full as it explains the rationale and purpose that informs the Accord. There is no highlighting in the original. It is used here for emphasis:

Foreword

The following document was discussed and created by various experienced members of the Apprentice Boys of Derry, City of Londonderry Grand Orange Lodge, Royal Black Preceptory, Londonderry Bands Forum, and representatives of the Loyal Orders Safety Marshals. The meetings took place in St Columb’s Park House in Londonderry over five months from 1st February 2014.

From the outset it was agreed by all the parties that the Maiden City Accord, as it would become known, was a conscious effort to redress the balance of negativity that has been generated against a number of legitimate processions, commemorations or parades by politically motivated groups who continually seek to find offence in every cultural aspect of the Protestant identity.

Much of what appears in the Maiden City Accord is not new, but for the first time has been set out in a form that defines the role that each individual group is responsible for in relation to the structure, spectacle and management of each given procession, commemoration or parade.

It has been identified that the values and dignity of the various historical events commemorated by the Protestant culture have been eroded by years of conflict, and as a group we have created the Maiden City Accord in order to restore these values and dignity back to the top of our priority.

We are the current custodians of our cultural history and must take our responsibilities seriously to ensure that future generations do not have to face the hostilities and negative issues that we are addressing today.

FIG 10


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The Terms of Agreement addressed six issues; • Communication; • Timing of Parades/Events • Health and Safety; • Dignified Parading; • Behaviour; • Briefings ad Reviews.

In the Conclusion it is explained that the Accord ‘seeks to put in place an agreement that all groups feel they can sign up to; that whilst it is a local agreement with only the Apprentice Boys of Derry in a position to implement it fully throughout their organisation, it is hoped that the spirit and common sense approach it encourages will promote both the Loyal Orders and Marching Bands from all areas in a positive way’.

Within the document, reference is made to the need to liaise with representatives of places of worship along event routes to avoid disruption, preserving the dignity of the various organisations when on public display, behaviour, discipline and respect for the law and training in marshalling and health and safety issues. Much of this was not new but struck a fresh chord in the light of some of the nature of parade disputes and pertaining to decisions handed down on ‘contentious ‘parades.

As stated the Accord was widely welcomed within the local community. The ethos and leadership reflected in the document stood in marked contrast to disputes and protests elsewhere. The starkest example of these could be seen in the flag protests in the centre of Belfast, the notes of ‘the Famine Song’ played by a band in Belfast outside a Roman Catholic place of worship - extensively re-shown on the media - and the Ardoyne - Twaddell Avenue dispute in North Belfast which was causing increasing frustration and despair due to its mounting financial costs and seeming lack of solution. All of this was having a corrosive and negative impact on the peace process and political relations at Stormont, increasingly characterised by communal entrenchment.

In the midst of this, Londonderry was choosing to do things differently. The Londonderry Bands Forum would not wish to claim sole responsibility or credit for this but there is no doubt that in taking the initiative by responding to a needs analysis and then moulding collaborative structures around different perspectives that could address and service this, the leadership played a major and influential role. All of this was underpinned by mutual respect. Whilst it would be beneficial to comment further on the Maiden City Accord, the purpose of the evaluation is best served by focusing on the central premise and the continuing involvement of the Londonderry Bands Forum.

It is clear from interviews that within the group which drew up and agreed the Maiden City Accord there were different perspectives. The organisations through their representatives who kindly made time available to speak to the author, voiced historical concerns around occasions where individual band members sometimes displayed behaviour which could be deemed offensive, brought the parade into disrepute and bordered on illegality. This was something they wished to see addressed through the Maiden City Accord.

In the case of bands, parades are a very small part of their activities and concerns voiced by band members focused on the fact that parades which challenged legal rulings or followed traditional routes where the demography had changed and there was an absence of communication with residents could result in situations into which their members were drawn and tended to reflect negatively. Bands, particularly, but not only so-called ‘ Blood and Thunder’, were demonised by some commentators and this fed into perceptions across the whole community.

From these slightly different perspectives which were openly acknowledged and discussed there was an underpinning desire to preserve the progress, not ideal but improving, made around parades in Londonderry


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since 1995. This was an aim shared by community leaders, business interests, residents of the city and local politicians. Over the years since 1995, community leaders had been arranging diversionary activities for young people who might get drawn into sectarian confrontation on a day when a parade is taking place. The Loyal Orders had worked with the police, City Centre Management and local representatives to reduce tension, modify routes and dates of parades.

At a time when tension was growing elsewhere and positions seemed to be hardening, the group now working on the Accord was acting and thinking more strategically and providing meaningful and accountable leadership within and for the whole community.

The strength and extent of welcome and approval which the Maiden City Accord received across the community reflects on the constructive nature of its content but it seems accurate to also conclude that its appearance was also received as a means of contributing to peaceful transformation in the city in that it sought to manage parades, still not welcomed by all, in ways which were dignified and orderly but which also sought to avoid offence, disruption and make a positive contribution to the cultural, economic, social and cultural life of the city. It was clear that the desire was, and is, that they can be inclusive in intent and conduct if not always in context as not everyone can identify with their historical significance.

The Maiden City Accord and the wider community response led to a reduction in tension and an improved atmosphere as the traditional ‘ Twelfth ‘ parade took place in the city.

For the first time in several years, an increased number of spectators crossed to the city side to observe the parade and frequented local shops, cafes and restaurants, although some businesses still remained closed until the main parade had ended. Nevertheless, the situation with minimal policing and disruption stood in marked contrast to events in some other places and talk emerged of a ‘ Derry Model “ discussed more fully in the concluding section. The Londonderry Bands Forum was later to meet with officials from the Parades Commission and the Northern Ireland Office in Stormont Castle which advises on policy matters for the Secretary of State. The Maiden City Accord, the leadership of the Bands Forum with other organisations set alongside the response of the whole community and resulting peaceful and largely tension free parades, cannot be unconnected.

As noted, reaction and responses, for the most part, recognised and welcomed this. Support within the Bands Forum was and remains strong:

FIG 11

Was the production of Maiden City Accord...


7 8


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{Discussion with Focus groups confirms the views indicated in the table. Members view the Maiden City Accord as encouraging all participants in parades in the city to act responsibly and with dignity. There is a view that the traditional parade, mostly associated with the history of the city, is a cause for celebration which offers economic and tourist potential for the community and, if adhered to, the Accord defines the parade as a means of cultural expression which threatens no one else’s beliefs and gives no cause for offence. Some frustration was expressed that visiting participants in the parade are the ones most likely to contravene the spirit and intentions of the Accord. Also, some members recognised that the Accord will take some time to ‘ bed in ‘ and needs to be shared widely with others who may draw benefit from the thinking reflected therein.}

Many of these view are reflected across the community.

In interviews with the author, it is the view of a PSNI Interviewee that as a result of the Maiden City Accord and the leadership shown: “policing of parades now starts from more positive assessment which has budgetary advantages in the money saved can be re-directed to other purpose.” City Centre Management takes the view that the Accord is: “an example of organisations within the city accepting civic responsibility and acting in the interests of all.” The SDLP and DUP political parties are happy to endorse and welcome the Accord although surprisingly the SDLP interviewee lacked full understanding possibly due to the fact that his party had not examined or analysed it in detail. Interviewees connected to St Columb’s Park House saw the Accord as “challenging stereotypical views”, “taking people into a different space” and noting that as result of the initiative, the Bands Forum now have “greater access to policy-makers and decision-makers.” The interviewee from the local Council, which provided a small amount of funding to facilitate early meetings, sees the Accord as a clear indication of the Londonderry Bands Forum “being serious about peace.” Other interviewees offer the view that the Accord establishes clear lines of communication and in a slightly more challenging comment “that the Accord now firmly establishes what the North-West expects.”

In spite of such endorsements, the Bands Forum and the other organisations within the ‘ Accord group ‘ are not themselves wholly satisfied. Derek Moore expresses some dissatisfaction that the Accord has not yet taken hold fully and that there is still work to be done. This is a view shared by the interviewees from the Apprentice Boys of Derry, the City of Derry Grand Orange Lodge and the marshals. This is to some extent the result of difficulties during the 2015 Relief Parade through Londonderry when there were 148 bands and clubs on parade. Gaps developed along the route and some participants did not complete the circuit. Vehicles are used for older members and this can cause delays and affect timing. The dignity and order of the parade was compromised.

These are in the main logistical issues although there is suggestion of lack of discipline in that certain bands and clubs fail to adhere to agreed plans and codes. Due to the fact that in the words of one interviewee “Derek Moore and the LBF were the driving force behinds setting the standards” the process for managing review seems to be suffering from a tendency to wait for someone else to take the initiative.

It would seem that a clear evaluation mechanism was not built in initially so cohesion and consistency therefore depends on each of the component organisations ensuring compliance in their ‘area.’

The author has become aware that this is being addressed. This can only be beneficial in ensuring the sustainability of an Accord that is universally welcomed across the community and carries significance beyond the Maiden City and those who penned it.


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4.5 ARD FHEIS 2015

“ As an organisation we have no policy on this but I did detect some unease within the membership. No one expected it but it has not affected our relationship.”Interviewee: Apprentice Boys of Derry

“It did not go down well. It was judged as tokenism …. part of an electoral strategy by Sinn Féin.Interviewee: Democratic Unionist Party

“It was a risk, challenging and courageous. I was there and it was handled well.”Interviewee: City Centre Management

“It did lead to criticism on social media, some of it personal, but it paid a big dividend for the Bands Forum and put it on the map.”Member of Londonderry Bands Forum and Community Activist

On 7th March 2015, representatives of the Londonderry Bands Forum attended a lunchtime breakout session of the Sinn Féin Ard Fheis that was taking place in Londonderry for the first time. The extracts above, drawn from interviews granted to the author, provide some measure of the breadth of reaction to the occasion. Only one of the interviewees was present and therefore observations are not based on first-hand knowledge. As with the vast majority of the interviewees, comment is based on media coverage and their own assessment of the impact, some anecdotal and some based on views inevitably influenced by values and political preferences.

This is scarcely surprising in that the Ard Fheis was a party political event and it is for this reason that the decision to attend by the Londonderry Bands Forum was not rushed and received full and thoughtful consideration. Initially, there was reluctance to accept the invitation to attend but following further communication with the organisers and discussion within the Forum, feeling was that “you either talk or fight” and the decision was taken to send a representation to the Ard Fheis. The Forum drew up a specific agenda and Derek Moore delivered a presentation to a large audience that included many of the key individuals within Sinn Féin. Some of them would be hate figures to sections of the PUL community. Andrew Lynch and Chairperson Kenneth McFarland also represented the Forum. The event received widespread media coverage which ensured that the message that the Bands Forum wished to convey went much wider than the immediate setting.

On the day, in addition to giving a presentation on the Marching Bands in which emphasis was given to their importance within communities, their focus on musicianship, the different types of bands and the range of activities beyond leading Orange Lodges or Clubs of the Apprentice Boys of Derry, specific reference was made to the involvement of the Londonderry Bands Forum in the UK City of Culture 2013 and the Maiden City Accord. The foci of the broad strategic aims of the Forum and the rationale and experiences that inform these were outlined.

Following the presentation a range of questions were tabled. From the tone and language used it was evident that some questions were influenced by events in Belfast, in particular, the ‘impasse’ over the Ardoyne – Twaddell situation in North Belfast. This served to throw into context the different rationale and premise from which the Londonderry Bands Forum operates and as if to reinforce the value of this, several members of the audience welcomed the presentation and indicated that they had found it enlightening and informative. Others, who identified themselves as being from areas where there were contentious parades, differed.

On the Friday prior to the Ard Fheis, Derek Moore, through social media, invited interested parties to come to St Columb’s Park House to hear the presentation to be delivered and in response to some suggestions


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from a generally supportive crowd who had gathered, amendments were made. It was another example of how policy and activities are determined by the leadership.

As illustrated, within the Forum and the wider community, reaction was divided. There was some criticism on social media and one band resigned from the Forum. Much of the criticism was directed at the Co-ordinator and the Chairperson personally. Unionist politicians who seemed to adopt a wait and see attitude before the Ard Fheis gave them little cover. Beforehand, without condemning the decision, they expressed misgivings. When it became clear that the Bands Forum was emerging with much credit and increased credibility their voices fell silent. On the other hand the view of the Bands Forum is clear.

FIG 12

{Discussion with the Focus Groups confirms the views above. Some members and bands are primarily involved in the Bands Forum to meet the needs and further the development of their band and members through collaboration and communication. They recognise the context in which all bands operate but do not feel the need to become directly involved in political forums, albeit that in co-operating culturally it is recognised that this carries political overtones. They did not see the attendance at the Ard Fheis as important. Other members saw in Sinn Féin, or at least some of its members, politicians whose vocabulary and actions had served to demonise bands and identify bands, and therefore the members, as people who cause offence and impose their beliefs in a triumphalist manner in areas where they are not welcome. It was felt that the most constructive means of countering these misconceptions lay in meeting with members of Sinn Féin to display a willingness to engage in conversations on contentious matters from a stance where the Bands Forum could point to its initiatives during the UK City of Culture, within the Maiden City Accord and through its widening community, educational and cultural activities. One member voiced the view that whilst his involvement in the Forum was to concentrate on bands matters and interests it was, at the same time, obvious that ‘ politics is not working’ and this affects bands. It leaves the bands with little alternative other than to ‘fill the vacuum.’

This is also an accurate reflection of many PUL members within the community and the negativity that had been expressed soon dissipated. Indeed, it has lead to an increasing view that the community is moving ahead of its political leaders in terms of engagement, reconciliation and transformation.}

Extracts from interviews will serve to illustrate the extent to which the views above are shared:

“Evaluation within Sinn Féin was positive. The risk that was taken by the LBF was recognised so there was no negativity or kickbacks. More could be done in other places however to encounter the negative view of bands.”Interviewee: An Cultúrlann. (The individual is also a member of Sinn Féin)

Was the attendance of the LBFat the Sinn Féin Ard Fheis….


5 6 4


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“It did not lessen convictions and provided a platform for cultural engagement and the positive contribution that the LBF is making to the city.”Interviewee: Crescent Community and Culture Centre

“Where some might have seen the cultural links emerging within the city as patronising, the leadership of the Bands Forum showed that it is capable of taking strategic initiatives that build influence and shape relationships.”Interviewee: Director, St Columb’s Park House

“ The time after the Ard Fheis was a difficult time for the Bands Forum but IFI stood with the bands. IFI has no view on parties. We are about encouraging people to become involved in community development and it takes different shapes. The LBF has a high profile because of its leadership and positivity. Others, who may be watching, may be willing to follow. “Interviewee: Community Foundation for Northern Ireland

Perspectives are, as stated earlier, influenced by values and preferences. An interviewee who is a political representative for the Social and Democratic Labour Party recalls that he was “not surprised at the involvement of the LBF in the Ard Fheis following its contribution to the Fleadh” however, ‘being naturally suspicious’, he does question the motives of Sinn Féin in issuing the invitation and queries what the Bands Forum gained from it. It might be worth stating here that his party has had limited contact with the Bands Forum and sees it as the role of the LBF to take the initiative in opening communication so that the party can learn more of its aims and activities. In fact the LBF has indicated to all political parties a willingness to attend and deliver a presentation at breakout sessions at Party Conferences or events. Response has either been cool or negative. It also seems to be the situation that information circulated by the Forum has not been disseminated within the parties.

However, this is an issue the Bands Forum could usefully consider again. In the interview the individual did profess his knowledge of the Bands Forum as being limited and his knowledge of marching bands as being mainly shaped by “intimidating and threatening behaviour” observed on parades. He did acknowledge that some changes are taking place but his remarks hint at lingering doubts and reservations. If this is reflective of other members of his party at representative level then further communication and engagement can only result in better understanding. The LBF by taking the initiative would, in the view of the author, be rendering the community and the politicians a service.

An interviewee closely associated with the Confederation of Ulster Bands recalls some negativity at the attendance of the Londonderry Bands Forum at the Ard Fheis. Some of this arose from “not knowing in advance” whilst there were some “who simply did not agree.” She adds that the respect and admiration for the work and leadership of Derek Moore and Kenny McFarland and their openness overcame any difficulties and greater consideration is being given to more effective ways of communicating, decision-making and ways of working. It is also her view that the Forum in Londonderry is way ahead of others in terms of its resourcefulness, energy, contacts and achievements.

This latter view is an accurate one particularly in regard to contacts. As a result of its activities, not least its attendance at the Ard Fheis, the Forum is used as a sounding board by various organisations charged with improving community relations, building peace, building capacity and addressing problems which can lead to stalemate in political and economic development. Its strategies are seen as progressive and constructive. This has lead to invitations to address various and diverse audiences and significant press coverage at home and abroad.

There is a view that most actions within these spheres, particularly in Northern Ireland, within which the


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Bands Forum operates, carry political meaning. This is hard to deny and creates a tension for the Bands Forum that to this point has been well managed and rationalised.

However, it is the view of the author that as, and if the Band Forum is to pursue all its aims for education and community development, this tension could arise on several levels and strategic decisions and priorities may have to be re-assessed whilst maintaining the unity of purpose and focus that currently exists within the organisation.

One option may be that the Forum becomes part of a wider forum which collectively addresses issues affecting a community of which the Bands Forum is a component part. The group that drew up the Maiden City Accord could serve as a model even if only some of those organisations constitute the new grouping.

The Forum has proved particularly adept at working with others and networking to achieve progress and development but has limited resources available so establishing linkage to a shared and common purpose with those of like mind may be a way forward. A re-visit of the ‘ Delivery Alliance ‘ model advocated in the 2005 report ‘ Population Change and Social Inclusion Study – Derry/ Londonderry September 2005 ’ would create a strong base from which to start. In some respects the Londonderry Bands Forum is developing along these lines with obvious benefits.

This is discussed further below and, along with other issues, some of which have been raised by interviewees, in the concluding Chapter.

4.6 Community Development and Cultural Networking

“In all my years in community development, the Londonderry Bands Forum is the most effective example of community development I have experienced. It has broken down significant barriers and you have to wonder if there is a limit to the boundaries that can be pushed.”Interviewee: Member of the Bands Forum and Community Activist.

Within the Londonderry Bands Forum, community and cultural networking takes different forms. Individuals like Chairperson Kenny McFarland have a long history of commitment and interest in community development. In the early 1970s many of the PUL community left the West Bank of the city for a variety of reasons to settle in different neighbourhoods in urban and rural areas of the Waterside. One such area was Newbuildings three miles from the centre. It is a matter of record that for many of the new residents, new to the area and now uprooted from familiar surroundings and neighbours, the development of a sense of community took time.

One of the factors that contributed to this was the formation of a band closely linked to and largely drawn from the area. Kenny McFarland, with others, was one of the founding members. Since then he has been active within Villages Together and the Sollus Centre in Bready. Experiences gained and contacts made there feed in to the work of the Forum and vice versa. Kenny has also served as a member of a panel including Polish, Indian, Filipino, Italian and Chinese residents brought together to discuss Good Relations and Cultural Diversity.

In the Caw area of the Waterside the Crescent Community and Cultural Centre, in the person of Linda Watson, has played a pivotal role in aiding the formation of a new band. Since being formed, the band, an active and progressive influence within the Bands Forum has, with the support of the Forum, been a factor in community development in terms of lessening anti-social behaviour and managing bonfires and flags. Linda as Secretary of the band attends the Forum as a representative and whilst availing of advice and information, also brings her particular expertise.


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An area affected by the movement of population and redevelopment is the Fountain on the city side. Traditionally a heartland of unionism and a location for cultural celebration at different times of the year its’ population has reduced markedly over time and close to an interface, it has often been the target for sectarian attacks. Large areas within are in need of further investment in terms of housing and infrastructure. This has been complicated by dashed hopes, failure to produce an agreed strategy and priorities and for many years a seeming neglect by local government. There are not many votes for any political party in the Fountain due to the nature of the electoral divisions. Different community initiatives have come and gone. One constant is the continuity provided by the Cathedral Youth Club and the William King Memorial Flute Band.

The band was formed from young people living in the Fountain. Many moved over time but retained an affiliation with the area through the band and family ties. Originally part of the Gateways To Protestant Participation in September 2011 and the Londonderry Bands Forum, the band, through member and Co-ordinator of the Forum, Derek Moore is playing a central role in galvanising different representative groups within the Fountain and headway is being made in formulating strategies and projects aimed at re-generation and building capacity for informed community leadership. This is paying dividends in terms of procurement of funding and support from the devolved government. It is also, at this stage providing employability and developing expertise as representatives meet with the Strategic Investment Board, the Department for Social Development and the Department for Culture, Arts and Leisure (now re-named).

In acting with other bodies locally, cross-community co-operation is being established. This initiative which forms part of the Urban Villages Project aims at energising the local community in bringing derelict buildings back into use, re-establishing a positive spirit and sense of community and shaping a consensus model of good practice and enterprise for future development. As Community Planning develops there must be potential for linkage.

It is not the remit of this report to evaluate the role of the Co-ordinator who sits independently, within the newly co-ordinated Fountain grouping however it seems clear that the experience and contacts made through the Bands Forum offers benefits to any other group with whom he is associated. This is likely to be reciprocated.

Until recently the Londonderry Bands Forum played a central role within an ad hoc body, referred to by the members as the North-West Cultural Forum. Fellow members include Sollus Ulster-Scots Centre at Bready and Blue Eagle Productions. They function as a team aimed at promoting shared education, social and cultural ideals for the community and worked together to plan and organise the Walled City Tattoo which ran for two years and was staged as an indoor event, less likely to fall victim to inclement weather, in 2016. The Siege Museum and Orange Outreach have on occasions joined them for discussions. (see Chapter 6 for latest developments)

Working together, they have made presentations to the ministers for DCAL (pre May 2016) and DENI, promoted drama, music and dance within schools and the wider community and meet regularly with An Cultúrlann and the Arts Council for Northern Ireland, the latter being their most frustrating experience to date.

All of this makes for a productive and transparent cross-fertilisation of ideas and interests, which, when set alongside the other achievements and projects of the Bands Forum, brings understanding and context to the transformation that has occurred within the PUL community and in the city since 2011.

The Bands Forum would not claim sole responsibility but there can be no doubting the extent to which it has been a significant factor and influence for progressive change.

Showcase and high profile events like those associated with the UK Year of Culture have brought dividends and built capacity but since then the Londonderry bands Forum has been working on an agenda grounded in and defined by issues affecting education, social and economic development.

Whilst not disconnected from the Forum’s cultural commitments they may prove to have a deeper and longer- lasting legacy and this should be a core objective


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4.7 Local and Devolved Government - Mapping the actions of the Londonderry Bands Forum in terms of linkage to Public Body Plans and Strategies

There are numerous references within this Evaluation Report to the funding and support which the Bands Forum has received from providers including Derry City and Strabane District Council, the Department for Culture, Arts and Leisure, Department of Education and the International Fund for Ireland. The matrix below is an indication as to how this funding has been used to meet the plans and targets of government at different levels and argues a strong case as to why the support, practical, moral and financial, should continue.

The matrix is illustrative and does not aim to be fully comprehensive in addressing every Milestone, Aim or Indicator but is sufficiently referenced to show clearly how the Londonderry Bands Forum acts and delivers on many important issues through:

• Building relationships and working towards Good Relations; • Building relationships to take the community forward from a troubled past; • Celebrating, preserving and sharing culture; • Challenging damaging stereotypes and misconceptions through positive leadership; • Countering negativity and a mentality of victimhood; • Engaging the community; • Engaging young people and encouraging to be pro-active in their communities some of which are in

deprived areas; • Provision of training and developing employability; • Sharing good practice.

These inform the leadership and activities of the Londonderry Bands Forum and in doing so deliver in ways that satisfy the policies and goals of Government and Statutory Agencies some of which are illustrated below:{Descriptors for LBF actions exemplify where the Londonderry Bands Forum can map its activities against the aims, strategies and policies of Government and other agencies.}

LONDONDERRY BANDS FORUMMapping Matrix showing linkage with Government Policy and Strategic Planning

NI Assembly Programme for Government – 2011-2015

Build a stronger and shared community By challenging perceptions and misconceptions through dialogue, cultural engagement and Build a united community education LBF is contributing to building a and improve community relations stronger and shared community Unlock the potential of culture, arts and By participating in and building capacity forleisure as instruments for positive change collaborative cross-community events LBF is nurturing change and through the celebration of culture and diversity is contributing to social Working towards social cohesion and integration cohesion and integration.


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Cont.

Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure Business Plan Harness culture to promote equality By bringing music tuition to children some ofand tackle poverty and social exclusion whom are from areas where there are social and economic difficulties and who would not otherwise be able to access music and culture.

Support the broader economy through Through cultural events like the Walled Citycontributing to tourism Tattoo which support the economy and tourism

Promoting and supporting cultural identity Promotes the positive recognition and celebration of culture and diversity

Making culture, arts and leisure more accessible Shares strategies and experiences on cross- community basis and in ways that address inclusion and accessibility.

Department of Education Corporate Plan

Promoting equality and enriching lives Education programme focused on musical skills, cultural understanding and building self-esteem Developing knowledge, skills, attitudes and is offered to all sectors.personal attributes Promoting within schools and communities the Education and Training that targets young peopleimportance of education and a culture of seeks to nurture celebration of success andaspiration and high expectation achievement. Within programme essential skills are accessed.Tackle educational under-achievement

Derry City and Strabane District Council Good Relations Strategy 2014/15 – 2016/17

Challenging sectarianism and racism, promoting Through participation and collaboration withpeace and understanding and celebrating diversity diverse groups and cultures the LBF has prompted and promoted reflection on Build a united community strengthened by its understanding cultural identity and its potential diversity where cultural expression is celebrated as a unifying factor in communitiesand embraced and where everyone can learn,work and socialise together free from prejudice,hate and intolerance


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Cont.

Equality Commission

Promoting Good Relations as the growth of Section 75 informs the work and rationale ofrelationships that acknowledge the religious, the LBF which works within bands andpolitical and racial context of this society and communities to challenge damaging stereotypesthat seek to promote respect, equity and trust that sustain barriers to a shared and moreand embrace diversity in all its forms equitable society. Bands contain members of

different genders, ages and beliefs.Promote good relations between persons ofdifferent religious beliefs, political opinionsand racial groups

ILEX Regeneration ‘ One Plan ‘ 2013

Ensure that everyone realises their potential The LBF through its training and Strategic Planand has the necessary skills and training to take promotes employability, the development of andup jobs, particularly those experiencing inequality recognition of attributes and personal capabilitiesand unemployment and encourages young people in particular to

aspire to achievement and success

Promote equality and sustainability in ways The LBF in all its planning and implementationthat impact positively on people by improving promotes positivity and aspiration as qualitiestheir wellbeing and daily lives beneficial to well being and quality of life

Encourages co-operation between pupils, The Education programme is modelled on aparents, the community and schools tested collaborative model that seeks to encourage the involvement of the community, schools, pupils and parents through assessment procedures, performance and celebration of success.

FIG 13

The Evaluator is confident that the activities of the Bands Forum which:

• Impact positively on lives; • Build and nurture genuine neighbourhood and cross-community partnerships; • Tackle root causes; • Act creatively to unlock potential and motivation; and • Deliver renewal and help to build a cultural economy

can be mapped against the Strategic Aims and associated Objectives and Priorities of other Departments and that the experience, expertise and development now present in the Forum puts its members in a sound place from which they can contribute constructively to Community Planning at Council and area level with particular reference to, but not only, cultural tourism. They should be encouraged and resourced to do so.


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FIVE | THE LONDONDERRY BANDS FORUM 2015-2016

KEY DEVELOPMENTS

a Membership profile a Membership Surveya Governance of the Londonderry Bands Forum

5.1 Membership Profile

The information presented is based on information gathered through a Data Survey Sheet completed by 15 of the members at a Strategic Planning Meeting in January 2016. 14 of the respondents are band members.

Social background and Band Membership

• 12 of the 15 members are male; 3 are female; • 1 member is in the age range 16 - 25; 9 aged 26 - 46, 4 aged 46 - 65 and one did not disclose; • 4 members have been band members for 1 - 5 years; 3 for 10 - 19 years and 7 for 20 years+; • 5 members joined bands as a result of friendships; 3 through family connections; 2 joined new bands; 2

were founder members of a band; 1 joined through interest in music; • 7 play either concert or Bb flat flute; 4 play drum; 2 play bagpipes; and 1 plays tuba; • 10 of the 14 could not play an instrument prior to becoming a band member; • 11 play in bands were the membership is predominantly male; 3 play in bands were the membership is

more evenly spread between male and female members; • 11 of the members play in bands were the band membership is younger than 40; 2 in bands were the

membership is older and 1 where it is evenly spread; • 2 members play in bands which have members from the LBGT community; 8 do not know; 4 are in bands

where there are no LBGT members; • 12 members play in bands where there no members from a different ethnic minority background; 2 do

not know; • 1 member plays in a band where there are members of different faiths; 6 where this is not the case and

7 do not know; • Forum members hold positions as Chairperson, Treasurer, Secretary; Tutor or Committee member

within their band; • 11 members play in flute bands; 1 in Brass and Reed; 2 in a Pipe Band; • Of those who play in a flute band 1 plays in a Silver Flute Band; 4 in a Melody Flute Band and 6 in bands

described as Blood and Thunder; • 11 of the bands participate in traditional parades organised by the Loyal Orders, 3 do not; • 10 bands participate in competitions, 4 do not; • 8 bands meet weekly for practice; 4 meet twice a week; 2 bands meet twice in Winter and once in

Summer; • 12 bands report an attendance at practices of 90%+; 1 band reports 75%-90% and I band reports an

attendance of below 75%; • All 14 members record financial contributions by band members towards the cost of uniforms, music,

instruments and travel to events.

Of the 14 bands represented in the survey, representatives are either

• Elected by the members; or • Serve due to an office or committee position held within their band;


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2 of the bands have been represented on the Forum for 2 years; 2 for 3 years; 3 for 4-5 years and 7 for 5+ years.

Business from the Forum is communicated either through the Committee or to all members at a practice.

Priorities

Members were asked to complete the following:

Each of the following is an area of interest or focused activity identified within documentation relating to the Londonderry Bands Forum.

Using 1 to 5, with 1 being the most important and 5 the least important rank them in order of importance.

The numbers shown indicate the preferences as expressed by a majority of the members

Addressing educational development and underachievement ……. Priority 3.

Challenging misconceptions about Marching Bands ……. Priority 1.

Co-ordinating and servicing the management and training needs of bands and responding in co-ordinated way to issues pertaining to marching bands within the Londonderry Bands Forum ………. Priority 2.

Encouraging cultural expression…… Priority 4.

Engaging with community development …… Priority 5.

FIG 14

5.2 Membership Survey

Members were asked to complete the section of the Survey reproduced above to ascertain the extent to which the aspirations and actions of the leadership are shared and seen as Very Important, Important or Not Important. The applied criteria for arriving at a decision was to be determined by the members. Some of the areas have been commented upon in previous chapters. (See above, Chapters 2 and 3)

Based on conversations with the Focus Groups the lower scores do not reflect lack of interest but the preferential views of the members. In regard to the preferences as illustrated in the Survey below which seeks to gauge views pertaining to actions which members see as very important, important or not important, the most positive responses focus on activities deemed to be band related or as delivering direct benefits for the bands and members. This can relate to funding, training, sharing musical expertise, joint ventures or morale support.

Cultural links where the bands have been shown respect and accepted as equals are seen as either very important or important and by inference as non-threatening. The same is true of links with Government Bodies from which financial support and approval for programmes is requested.


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The appointment of a full time Co-ordinator for the LBF was……

That the individual appointed as Co-ordinator of the LBF is a member of a Band is…..

Was the participation of the LBF in the Year of Culture….

Was the participation of the LBF in the Fleadh na Eireann….

Was the production of Maiden City Accord….

Was the attendance of the LBF at the Sinn Féin Ardfheis...

Do you consider links between the LBF and funding Bodies as…

Do you consider links between the LBF and the Loyal Orders as…

Do you consider links between the LBF and broadly Unionist political representatives as …

Do you consider links between LBF and non-unionist political representatives as…

Do you consider links between LBF and government at all levels as …

Do you consider links between the LBF and the Confederation of Ulster Bands as …

Do you consider links between the LBF and cultural organisations eg Sollus and Culturlaan as…

Do you consider links between LBF and the NI Arts Council as …

The Tattoo which took place in 2013 and 2014 was ….

Celebrating the band culture is …..

Effective communication within the LBF is ……. Effective communication between the LBF and the wider community is ….

ACTION FOCUSRESPONSE

Very important Important Not important

13

10

9

11

7

5

13

9

1

2

10

4

8

10

7

15

15

11

2

5

6

3

8

6

2

5

9

7

5

10

7

5

7

4

1

4

1

5

6

1

FIG 15


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Linkage with political representatives and organisations receive a cooler response and reveal less of a consensus. Members are not without interest but links are seen as important mainly where political representatives have influence over policy and decision-making and therefore have to be lobbied and persuaded to support initiatives by the Bands Forum. However, in discussions with the Focus Groups there becomes clear a level of disaffection with political representatives who are viewed as having delivered limited dividend for their community. The instability and apparent lack of progress on dealing with difficult issues which are viewed as holding back social and economic progress at a time when the effects of economic recession continue to bring uncertainty, serve to open a gap between the electorate within the Forum and their representatives and this is reflected in the views expressed by members. Members do not welcome the rancour and ‘political bickering’ that sometimes characterises politics and see contrast in the leadership of the Bands Forum which delivers for bands.

The political representatives do not enjoy universal approval but it is recognised that because of their role they carry influence and contact needs to be maintained. There is a view from some members that the Londonderry Bands Forum is distrusted by individual political representatives because it claims no party allegiance, is not subject to outside control, has growing influence as a forum and is respected by its constituency for the leadership it has displayed.

Within the Focus Groups communication is seen as very important but lacking in consistency. Some members, within their individual bands, report to a Committee whilst others report to all of the members at a practice.

Bearing in mind the need for confidentiality on certain matters, thought could be given to social media in the forms of email or texts to facilitate speedier and direct communication with members. A communications secretary could assume responsibility and receive remuneration or if further paid positions become available this could be part of a remit. Communication with the wider community could also be part if the remit. I am aware that this is under consideration within a new Strategic Plan.

Interestingly, the members see links with the Confederation of Ulster Bands as important rather than very important. This is perhaps a reflection of the extent to which the resources enjoyed by the Londonderry Bands Forum and the quality of leadership render the Forum self-reliant and self-sufficient albeit that links are desirable and productive.

The valued links with the Arts Council are interesting in view of recent decisions regarding Marching Bands and a perceived ‘ blind spot ‘reluctance by the Council to include the music of the bands within the definition of arts. This has implications for funding and perception of bands within the Arts Council. A valid case can be made.


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The Walled City Tattoo is deemed important, particularly to those who participated. They comment on a feel-good factor that allowed bands and other cultural groups to display their skills for the enjoyment of audiences on a cross-community basis.

It was an event that raised the cultural profile of Marching Bands in an unthreatening and inclusive manner. In the light of this there is universal approval for celebrating the band culture. It is opportune to remember that the Forum has given approval to the Maiden City Accord and this reaffirms the spirit and context in which it is felt this should take place.

In a second section of the Survey members are asked to comment on actions and policy areas of the Londonderry Bands Forum and respond by choosing AGREE, DISAGREE or NO FIRM OPINION. Some of the areas have been commented upon in previous chapters. (See above, Chapters 2 and 3.)

The responses here show consistency with views expressed elsewhere. Support and consensus is strongest where focus is on issues likely to impact directly on bands for example parading, developing leadership and management skills and arts and culture. This is re-affirmed where members are asked to respond to the proposal that “the main concern of bands will always be about music and band related business” although in the next question, there is a contradiction where a majority seen to have a more open approach to other issues.

This needs to be re-visited within the Forum.

Views are more varied where response is invited on social, educational and community areas like employment, which might be seen as having political dimensions. For example a majority agrees that bands are now viewed ‘more positively within the local community’ but step back from ‘involvement in community planning and being active within community organisations.’

One of the stated aims is to become involved in the community and this needs strategic consideration.

One of the members has rightly expressed the view that the Londonderry Bands Forum ‘ cannot solve all the problems of the community.’

In speaking to the individual it was possible to detect exasperation at the level of expectation that has been visited upon the Londonderry Bands Forum in the light of its leadership in the Year of Culture, the All-Ireland Fleadh, the Maiden City Accord and Good Relations. This is a product of the frustration apparent at many levels with past failings in community development and within a political process seen as being characterised by competing agendas. There is a community and constituency which craves leadership which feels no less unionist or loyalist because it prioritizes social, cultural and community issues in a collaboration with other parties or groups.


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The creation and development of the LBF has been beneficial for local bands

The creation and development of the LBF has been beneficial for the greater Londonderry area

Bands can assist in addressing parading issues

Bands can assist in addressing community issues

LBF should be aware of policies affecting Education

LBF should be aware of policies affecting the Arts and Culture

LBF should be aware of policies affecting employment

LBF should be aware of policies affecting Community Planning

Bands membership is useful for developing self discipline in younger members

Band membership is useful in providing positive role models for younger members

Band membership can be useful in addressing educational underachievement

Band membership can be useful in developing leadership and management skills

LBF has led to a more positive view of bands within the media and local community

Bands have a role to play in building peace and reconciliation

Band members should consider being active within community organisations

The main concern and interest of bands will always be about music and band related business

Bands should only concern themselves with music and band related business

ACTION FOCUSRESPONSE

Very important Important Not important

15

12

14

12

11

14

11

6

15

15

9

15

12

11

8

14

3

1

1

3

1

2

2

1

1

7

3

1

3

4

3

6

5

1

2

6

5FIG 16


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On a positive note, evident from focus group discussion, there are within the Forum individuals who are interested in issues of social justice, educational under-achievement and peace building. There is a sense of realism as to what bands can achieve but at the same time there is acknowledgement that they have the potential to do ‘something’ and there must be merit in at least discussing how, what is a caring concern for band members, particularly younger members, can be harnessed productively to the benefit of the whole community.

On the basis of what the Londonderry Bands Forum has already achieved, exploring different models for participative leadership and involvement, possibly with other groups in the community on a wider agenda but one comfortably reflective of the Bands Forum stated aims, is likely to prove productive. It is maybe an overstatement but when a respondent says, “bands do not realise the power they have” it invites consideration as to how it can be deployed in communities which are making progress but are not yet where they can be.

Following the productive and significant years of 2013-2015, fresh considerations and internal discussions on the continuing existence of and rationale of the Londonderry Bands Forum, built on existing strong foundations of success and high profile approval and admiration, will determine future direction, strategy and planning.

Responses from members indicate a need for consensus building or a re-examination of stated aims on community involvement and education. On education there is a latent concern about underachievement and the future of younger band members. Members see a positive role for bands in providing role models but thinking is less assured in seeing how bands can be useful in other ways and this produces a reluctance to become involved.

At a time when Community Planning is being prioritised and political change following the election of a new Government seeking consultation on a new Programme for Government, the moment is opportune. Much has been achieved through the leadership of the Chairman and the Co-ordinator but the constituency that they serve through that leadership can only benefit from the active and involved support of the members. Members are always the vital resource of any organisation. Just as one size does not fit all, members will have, as shown, different preferences and ideas but focused and meaningful reflection that delivers commitment across the issues is likely to ensure that outcomes and output are maximised.

In a further attempt to ascertain interests members were asked to respond to the following:

Should the Londonderry Bands Forum act as a voice or a lobbying group for band members on issues that do not affect bands directly but affect the lives of band members?

Linked to other data the responses are self-explanatory and will help to inform the leadership:

ISSUE YES NO NO RESPONSEHousing shortage 5 10 0Job Opportunities 13 1 1Infrastructure 7 4 4Health Care 6 6 3Safe communities 12 0 3Policing 11 1 3Equality Issues 11 3 0 FIG 17


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5.3 Governance of the Londonderry Bands Forum

“Every band is individual.”Interviewee: Londonderry Bands Forum

Members were asked to respond to a number of questions. The responses were as follows:

FIG 18

Whilst bands value their autonomy there is clearly recognition of the benefits of partnership and it is not insignificant that the members are willing to engage within the parameters of a written and agreed constitution. Dependent on the constituent terms of such a constitution that will, by its nature, require consensus and agreement. This will add to the cohesion and authority of the Londonderry Bands Forum. It is a tribute to the workings of the Forum and the leadership thus far that the members do not see a more formal arrangement as a challenge to their independence as bands and recognise that it offers potential for further development. If bands did not see benefits, then members would feel differently. This is further reflected in comments on strengths of the Forum and how it can build on its success. There is a strong sense of members looking for and valuing leadership that communicates and disseminates but also explains. It is practice which earns respect.

Interestingly, one member suggested that the LBF could expand its work regionally as a model for others to adopt. This will be considered further, along with other issues and suggestions raised by focus groups or individuals, in the concluding Chapter below.

Should the independence of individual bands always be preserved within the framework of the Londonderry Bands Forum?

How can the independence of individual bands be best preserved within the framework of the Londonderry Bands Forum?

What would you regard as the biggest strength of the Londonderry Bands Forum?

Give ONE example of how the LBF can build on its success.

QUESTION RESPONSEYES NO

14 1

QUESTIONRESPONSE

(A small number of respondents chose more than ONE)

Informal structures

Agreed Constitution

Agreed Code of Practice for members

Agreed Standing Orders

None of the above

111412

• Linkage and co-operation between bands• Support and advice available to bands on a range of matters including funding, management and policy• Camaraderie and mutual support• Sharing experiences and expertise• Joint projects

• Plan a Walled City Tattoo or similar event• Share Good Practice in an organised way• Expand the work of the LBF regionally as a model for others to adopt


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SIX | LOOKING TO A FUTURE FOR THE LONDONDERRY BANDS FORUM

“Can this rising tide raise all boats?” Interviewee

At risk of repeating what becomes clear in the evaluation, it is worthy of mention again at the commencement of this concluding chapter that the reputation of the Londonderry Bands Forum is high and its actions, ‘ high profile.’

The reasons are varied. Some of these relate to admiration for the leadership shown by the Forum and the benefits that have accrued whilst others, sharing this admiration, also see gains and outcomes for their particular agenda or area of responsibility. This can bring high expectations which in the words of one interviewee closely connected with the Forum: “may reflect a misunderstanding of the power and influence which the Forum can actually bring to situations. Maybe it is not as powerful as people think.”

Where there is still rivalry and fragmentation within the PUL community, it is right to be cautious but there is no negative in this where a common purpose and long-term shared ideal or desired outcome emerges. Indeed it offers potential for further development and progress. If, having recognised and acknowledged its role and contribution to progress thus far, therein lies the challenge for the Londonderry Bands Forum. It is best considered further through

• The prism of an issue-centred commentary some of which is based on helpful and thought-provoking comments made by the various individuals who kindly facilitated the author with their time and contributions; and

• Consideration of the future direction for the Londonderry Bands Forum based on the capacity and empowerment which it has built.

The ebb and flow of political, social, economic and community developments and, the response of the leadership and members, will influence both of these. Where, in the past this has been reactionary, there may be opportunity to play a more pro-active role. As always this will require negotiation, commitment, strategy and planning. The consensual support and endorsement of all the members of the Forum will be a priority. The priorities and views of the members as reflected in the Membership Survey speak for themselves. The internal structure and sharing of responsibilities within the Forum will also require consideration. It cannot be rushed and will depend on resources, for example, to facilitate the appointment of another full-time officer with a clear remit designed to deliver future development and outcomes.

The years 2013 to 2016 have seen major developments greatly energised by civic events, support of funders, collaboration and the vision of the leadership. A worthwhile strategy would be to consolidate what is in need of consolidation and having identified fresh goals and objectives, measured against a SWOT analysis, put strategies and resources in place to achieve delivery.

There will be obstacles as the LBF strays into areas where elected representatives also operate and often see any attempt to hold them accountable as challenging rather than positive discourse. Their notion of mandate often far exceeds the strength of their electoral endorsement.

It is also the case that there are other organisations, as recorded, which have a voice within the PUL community and do not fully endorse the actions and rationale of the LBF. Where this is the case it can make for initial coolness when sitting around a table and at its worst can express itself as hostile opposition if affected by external factors and competing priorities in other places. But, this becomes a reason for dialogue and engagement to continue. The LBF needs no reminding of this.


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6.1 A ‘Derry Model.’

Since 1995 and the subsequent history of parading in Londonderry there has been reference to a ‘Derry Model.‘ One interviewee is of the opinion that ‘the notion of a Derry Model is over-heated.’ One can see the justification for this assessment but is does not end there. Certainly, the process that has evolved in Londonderry cannot be transferred without local input and situational accommodation but there are elements which if adopted offer potential for resolution to some protracted and costly disputes.

The benefits of what is seen as a ‘Derry Model‘ are universally recognised locally, albeit that interviewees feel that ‘there is more progress to be made.’ There is a will for it to continue and this sustains open channels that nurture productive and candid engagement and growing respect. There is a sense in which the agenda for reconciliation and transformation is being taken from traditional gatekeepers as the community moves ahead of some political leaders.

City Centre Management sees improvement for business, the image of the city and tourism. The PSNI see budgetary gains in terms of resources and finances. The Chief Inspector in the city also acknowledges the reduction of tension over parading as a contributing ingredient to reduced social unrest. The Loyal Orders gain through a more inclusive acceptance of parades as an expression of culture and the celebration of historically significant events. Derry City and Strabane District Council sees progress in terms of Good Relations. Large swathes of public opinion that have no strong feelings about parades or cultural expression one way or the other, welcome the absence of violence and disruption. The International Fund for Ireland welcomes the progress that has been shown and the fact ‘outsiders are coming to hear the story.’ The leadership of the Londonderry Bands Forum and what it has achieved is not lost on the Confederation of Ulster Bands although it is fair to say that the model of a ‘ full-time co-ordinator ‘ is one of its most admired elements.

The admiration which the Forum in Londonderry enjoys brings with it expectation and challenge. There are those involved in politics, peace building and community development who see a necessary rolling-out of what has been achieved to other areas and a role, therein, for the Londonderry Bands Forum. In discussions with representatives from the Northern Ireland Office and the Community Foundation for Northern Ireland there have been broad hints that this would be desirable. The reasons for this are not difficult to understand. Political leadership has thus far been unable to bring resolution to seemingly intractable disputes where they persist and become entrenched.

The situation that prevails in Londonderry has been the outcome of various factors including the tentative progress made in 1995 and the immediate years following. They are worthy of emphasis namely:

• The growing frustration within the PUL population at community level with over-arching and low-achieving political control of community development; • Counter-productive rivalries, • The impetus fuelled by the UK City of Culture; • A desire by open-minded progressive individuals within the PUL population to engage; • The emergence of the Bands Forum; • The commitment and leadership of local individuals willing to take risks; • The practical and moral support of the International Fund of Ireland; and • Reciprocity by groups identified as ‘ of another political and religious identity.’

There are others mentioned previously. One interviewee in referring to the circumstances as ‘the perfect storm’ encapsulates its nature to a large extent.


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It is likely that some of these factors and characteristics are present in other areas. Perhaps what is absent is a willingness to see possibilities for something better in difficulties, challenges and risk-taking? Challenging negativity always offers emancipatory potential and this cannot be under-estimated.

One factor raised by the author but not commented upon extensively by interviewees is the fact that the PUL community in Londonderry is a minority with diminished influence and political power. It is not without significance.

If a group or community feels excluded from political decision-making there are options. The group can fashion a siege mentality, pursue an aggressive policy of confrontational politics or build the confidence and expertise to educate, persuade and ultimately influence the policy-makers and decision-makers. Elements of all of these are present in Londonderry. To pursue the latter is to move everyone on to the high moral ground and off the rutted level of competing rights and adversarial self-interest. Once there, it becomes imperative to maintain the progress and invite others to follow.

The intelligent leadership of the Londonderry Bands Forum, in concert with others within a collaborative process, is on a journey towards the level. This is being achieved through building capacity, managing expectations, being creative in seeking opportunities to progress joint initiatives, building relationships and establishing trust. The pace is not always even nor the distance always gained in equal measures but the direction does not alter.

There is a legacy of goodwill following the UK City of Culture but this is not inexhaustible and needs to be sustained and this is recognised.

In August of 2015, when a debate on changing the name of the city re-emerged within the local Council a few days before the Relief of the City celebrations and it seemed that it might raise tensions which could undermine progress, the Londonderry Bands Forum met with representatives from the local Nationalist and Republican parties to voice concerns and work together to reduce tension and protect gains achieved. All around the tables committed to doing so. The discussions did not attract publicity but facilitated understanding without rancour and helped to build shared commitment to transforming relationships within the city where discussion can be facilitated with sensitivity and good grace. The confrontational posturing enacted by PUL political representatives within Council achieved much less.

Can this as one interviewee suggests ‘be taken across the North’? Only people who feel themselves empowered and committed to challenging perceptions and misconceptions as the Londonderry Bands Forum continues to do will be able to determine this. Therein lies the essence of the ‘ Derry Model.’ In the context of politics and communal and cultural identity politics in other places it has many of the characteristics of being a ‘ hybrid ’ not least in embracing the familiar yet producing something new. In being prepared to negotiate a path through differences, it is subversive of narrowly defined and fixed boundaries. This being the case, the Londonderry Bands Forum in collaboration with others cannot achieve everywhere but it may be an example worthy of strong consideration. Besides, the Forum has more it wishes to achieve and its resources are finite.

6.2 Sustainability

In an economic climate defined by funding cuts and austerity, sustainability usually refers to finance. This is of primary importance, all the more so in the light of the prevailing economic uncertainty arising from the decision by the voters of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union. It is a matter of record that the latter has been the source of dedicated funding within Northern Ireland and the possibility of the loss of this


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is a major concern within the community sector however in the context of the Londonderry Bands Forum, consideration needs to move beyond the obvious and it will be helpful to centre on issues that commend equal attention. These include:

• Political relationships; • St Columb’s Park House; • The Droichead Project; • The North West Cultural Partnership

Comment is offered under these headings

Political relationships

“LBF is politically unaffiliated. When we envisage a Music Academy, we do not envisage a political Music Academy.”Interviewee: Member of Londonderry Bands Forum.

There is little in Northern Ireland that does not have political resonance. The legacy of historic violence and received prejudices, segregation, political structures designed to produce consensus and build peace yet too often becalmed by the mind-sets of those who inhabit them, passions where there should be compassion and a growing disengagement from politics are just some of the factors amongst many, which make it a difficult sea to navigate. It is the qualities of those who pilot the vessel and keep it on course in the midst of the storm that ultimately ensure a safe harbour. Londonderry Bands Forum, with others, is achieving this whilst, at the same time, also helping to calm the storm.

The LBF as stated is not politically affiliated. In this there is wisdom. Close party affiliation produces allegiance to and endorsement of political agendas designed to put people and parties into power. Events have shown that it can produce pacts and expedient governance far removed from mandates. The oft referred to ‘ broad church ‘ can result in a cacophony of disharmony. LBF is right to instead choose empowerment even where this carries risk.

Like other groupings, the Londonderry Bands Forum contains members of the electorate. It would be disingenuous to members to speak of a ‘ band vote ‘. Each member is capable of deciding whether or not to exercise the franchise and if so where to cast his or her vote.

However, where members perceive an issue on which they can unite, the Forum is a constituency which can hold political leaders to account, be a voice for the community and lobby for strategies to address issues like educational underachievement and lack of investment as a factor which decreases employment opportunities for band members.

The lessons cited from the reports referenced in this Evaluation point to a community silenced by its experience in a city and area torn by conflict but an equally telling factor was a fractious and divided political and community body of leaders content to operate in isolation. The Londonderry Forum through its members living within communities and enjoying a profile afforded by the role of bands within neighbourhoods and the success of the Forum have a platform from which to ask constructive questions and promote community development.

It is participative democracy that will require individuals to equip and inform themselves but these are tasks for which the Forum has already displayed itself more than capable.

In terms of discussions with political parties the Londonderry Bands Forum, as a result of contacts with An


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Cultúrlann and the Droichead Project, has mostly engaged with Sinn Féin. This has resulted in invitations to attend the Ard Fheis and facilitate the ‘Uncomfortable Conversations’ initiated by that party. These have been meaningful in terms of furthering dialogue and building relationships.

Some individuals offer criticism of the LBF’s willingness to engage. Their main concern focuses on whether the ‘conversations’ ‘are a window to promote understanding’ or to borrow a recent political reference, ‘a door through which to push a Trojan horse of deception.’

It is the nature of politics in post-conflict Northern Ireland that such misgivings could be expressed by anyone at any time in any party. What is encouraging is that the Londonderry Bands Forum currently feels no necessity to disengage or curtail dialogue.

This could usefully be developed through contacts with other parties. Two elected political representatives interviewed had limited knowledge of the Forum. There is an onus on them to find out more but it would also be beneficial if the LBF takes actions to ensure that their state of ‘ ignorance ‘, perhaps even disinterest, is challenged and addressed sooner rather than later.

One interviewee with a lengthy and distinguished record in community development sees in the achievements of the Londonderry Bands Forum ‘one of the best examples’ of community development he has observed. In offering this assessment he is influenced by the access to policy-makers and decision-makers that the Forum has enjoyed.

This has had positive results on several levels. The most obvious is seen in the provision of funding but it has also delivered, as evidenced in the previous chapter, added- value outcomes of the Programme for Government and related Departmental Policies and Corporate Plans. Further, are the possibilities that the Forum offers as a ‘ progressive and thinking sounding board ‘ against which measures for dealing with seemingly intractable problems an be evaluated.

In regard to the latter, as Northern Ireland continues to be governed within a peace process that is uneven where there is strong emphasis on problems due to the history of and legacy of conflict the LBF is wise to be cautious in avoiding any hint of a patronising attitude from government by remaining open and transparent within its communal network and beyond.

Since 1998 and the Good Friday Agreement there is evidence to suggest that successive governments have followed practice which has left itself open to charges of working with‘ fashionable ‘ groups who are seen as most likely to build peace and the result has been to act in ways which are not always inclusive. It has also lent itself to emphasising policies that address peace building and conflict resolution with a resulting secondary focus on social and economic issues that in some circumstances prolong the disillusionment and disaffection that are its root causes. There can be little doubt surely that the lack of ‘ joined up’ government and the nature and practice of the various Departments are also a contributing factor.

The Forum is right therefore in its aims of interlinking the cultural, educational, social and community aspects of its Strategic Planning albeit that the emphasis can shift, subject to funding, time and resource constraints and the immediacy of circumstances. This should continue to inform any contacts with Government departments as governmental re-structuring and a new Programme for Government takes effect. There is also the matter of the emergence of Assembly parties opting to ‘ go into opposition.’

It is early days and the outworking of this is yet to find definition.


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St Columb’s Park House

St Columb’s Park House has been important to the development of the Londonderry Bands Forum. It is acknowledged that individuals based there were key drivers, with band members committed to the concept. With St Columb’s Park House as the lead organisation, the resources, network of contacts and expertise in accessing funding coupled with a willingness to take risks and meet challenges are a matter of record and commented on more fully elsewhere in the Report.

An important element within the process at the beginning was the dynamic resulting from the relationship between the various individuals. Drawn from the PUL community they all had varying degrees of involvement in community development and shared some of the frustrations highlighted in the various reports from 2005 to 2011 which commented on issues relating to community development in the predominantly unionist part of the Waterside. They were open to a fresh model offering strategic leadership and recognised the potential of a Londonderry Bands Forum. This built impetus and capacity that prospered from 2012 to 2015 onwards for the reasons indicated earlier.

St Columb’s Park House remained central but as capacity was built within the Bands Forum, particularly with the appointment of a full-time Co-ordinator and the departure of Brian Dougherty MBE as Director, the dynamic changed. By this time too, the needs of the Bands Forum had altered in that the administrative assistance available through St Columb’s Park House remained of value but strategic input was now more firmly, if not exclusively, based within the numerically increased Forum. The Forum as it developed linkage with the Confederation of Ulster Bands and an ad hoc North West Cultural Forum was now capable of acting independently. Its successes, no longer dependent on St Columb’s Park House seemed to confirm this. It was also the case that there is no history of strong linkage between the Board of Management of St Columb’s Park House and the Forum and the priority of the new Director was to put in place a fresh Strategic Plan and secure funding.

The outcome of this is that the situation by 2016 is much altered from 2011 when the Londonderry Bands Forum began. Further, the programme and profile of the Bands Forum provide a larger component of the activities based at St Columb’s Park House and due to their being single identity this can influence public perception of how or if the ethos of the centre is influenced.

As other programmes develop, the latter becomes less of an issue but in the light of the strong profile and ability of the Londonderry Bands Forum to act independently, there is a need for re-appraisal of the role of St Columb’s Park House and the Forum.

It would appear that it has become sufficiently strong and mature as an organisation no longer requiring the endorsement or support of St. Columb’s Park House.

The issue of where the Bands Forum fits into the overall ethos and plans of St Columb’s Park House therefore needs a fresh appraisal.

This is not to suggest they are at odds which I do not believe to be the case but the nature of how they are reconciled needs clarification and corporate re-affirmation. This would then find expression within an agreed modus operandi in addition to Strategic and Financial Plans. It may require a renewed model of governance and management.

It is also likely that discussions would be necessary with main funders who have provided funding on a flexible but considered basis. It would be useful to explore this at an early opportunity, as funding is crucial to sustainability.


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Droichead Project

The Droichead Project is an on going and overarching project operated by An Cultúrlann. It has recently been evaluated but the findings have not been made available to the author and do not inform the comments below which focus solely on one aspect of the overall Project jointly funded by An Cultúrlann and the Londonderry Bands Forum.

The component consists of teaching and learning resources for use with school pupils and Community groups. They are to be piloted and trialled. The resources contain printed and audio-visual materials. Learning centres on discussion and active learning. Their main aim is to show how culture can serve to address negative and divisive political and communal differences between groups whose attitudes, perceptions and relationships are influenced by conflict and the experience of conflict.

Whilst the component was a joint undertaking, An Cultúrlann was the lead organisation and managed the production of materials. It is fair to say that the involvement of the Londonderry Bands Forum came at a later stage of production and this proved an unnecessarily problematic feature within the process.

When the materials were made available for comment there were misgivings about balance in imagery and use of vocabulary within its various elements. These were resolved but at a very late stage of production and issues were tabled which had to be left for future consideration. It is these that will serve to inform future practice and any future model for a similar joint undertaking.

From an admittedly more distant perspective and one largely informed by discussions with the LBF Co-ordinator and limited contact with An Cultúrlann, joint detailed planning for the project was largely absent and seems to have been centred on funding and an agreement to co-operate.

It is the view of the author that joint planning on the basis of a clear rationale, with an agreed and shared project management strategy focusing on the anticipation and resolution of issues as they arise and a shared understanding with regard to the joint delivery and review of the materials should become accepted practice endorsed by the Forum and An Cultúrlann. At a very basic level it would seem incongruous and a curious irony if the two organisations could not agree to this in view of the nature of the materials and the desired outcomes for a programme of learning units.

In the unlikely event of this being the case, co-operation will serve to build on the foundations for understanding, reconciliation and transformation already firmly established.

6.3 Culture

For many in Northern Ireland culture is closely associated with political identity. In an over tidy assessment commentators are content to speak of a PUL culture and a CRN culture and see these as aligned to unionist and nationalist politics. It is becoming an increasingly lazy analysis that is subject to growing challenge. The Londonderry Bands Forum within a collaborative process is part of the challenge.

A graph of its cultural engagement within a community emerging from conflict wherein culture served as a badge of allegiance, would, understandably, be uneven with highs and lows and areas of high and low engagement. What would be indicated however is a process where periods and instances of cross-community cultural activity can become and have the potential to interact rewardingly as inter- and intra – cultural. When and as this occurs cultural engagement where it happens, contributes to and shapes reconciliation and a


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more cohesive community blurring the established categorisation of culture and identity in a society which feels the need to classify, categorise and label. The effects of this are all too often seen in tunnel vision and tribalism wherein the assumptions and practices of a culture are never queried. When this is visited upon the corridors of power it serves to produce self-sustaining and blinkered silos of thought and process grounded in territorial and social space inherited and defined by the past.

Northern Ireland shows that a too tight fusion of culture with identity can consign communities to division. It leads to competing rights by two kinds of cultural sub tribal-nationalism content to aim shallow sloganizing at each other. Where one side is seen to win preference over another then equality issues are raised. Meaningful dialogue is jettisoned. Boundaries akin to cultural zoning harden and are seen as marking the preserve of one tradition. In turn, traditions and value positions outside the zone become demonised. People living within conform to stereotypes. Dialogue founders on the too passionate emotional legitimacy of competing narratives. The strategically synchronised mayhem of parade violence arising from protest and counter protest provides adequate illustration of the consequences. Claims of cultural wars ensue but culture wars have no winners.

Only leadership prepared to embrace and inform the chaos will find the strength to offer solutions and an alternative agenda. In regard to culture in a globalised world it is continually in a process of development. Over-simplified and essentialist definitions of culture categorised as ‘ us and them ‘ premised on exclusion and purity serve only to lock communities into a time warp. It is better and enriching for communities to embrace culture which is continually at play through dynamic interaction and move from ‘us and them’ to ‘both’ by straddling cultures and developing the ability to negotiate and celebrate difference. It is being clearly shown by the Londonderry Bands Forum and the various groups with whom it engages that risk-taking can produce stability and lay foundations for reconciliation where innovation and collaboration can reduce if not replace conflict. There should be no retreat now.

If culture is a cause of conflict then it must also contain the elements of resolving it. Culture can then move from oppositional positioning and points of polarity as new inclusive possibilities come into view and it becomes clear that you cannot have competing freedoms.

The work of the Londonderry Bands Forum is a ‘work in progress’. Through progressive and innovative thinking, without feeling compromised in regard to any of its principles, it is seeking to reconcile and overcome the negative and self-defeating embeddedness of past antagonisms. In so doing it has the potential, with others, to set a fresh pattern of cultural affinity, exchange and maturation.

In a country where culture and politics is so closely linked the question of whether this can have the same impact on transforming politics is worthy of exploration. If this proves to be the case then the Londonderry Bands Forum is building a powerful narrative for change and empowerment that should only be encouraged and supported. This does not apply solely to the Londonderry Bands Forum.

6.4 North West Cultural Partnership

During the period when this Evaluation Report was being researched and written another process was on-going which involved the Londonderry Bands Forum in partnership with other organisations of like mind and commitment.

Following a successful application for funding local Consultancy and Facilitation Company Hummingbird was engaged to produce a report which was launched on 27 July 2016 as the ‘Next Steps Report’ at an event


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hosted in St Columb’s Park House and attended by the Minister with responsibility for the Department for Communities of the NI Assembly, Mr Paul Givan MLA. The funding had been made available by the Department for Culture, Arts and Leisure which, following the end of the previous NI Assembly in 2016, had been subsumed within the new department following a reduction in ministries.

Having been party to discussions in late 2015 when this was being discussed the author is in no doubt that the leadership, reputation and activities of the Londonderry Bands Forum in partnership with Bready Ulster-Scots Development Association and Blue Eagle Productions with which it had been working since 2013 was a major factor in gaining financial support

The report as launched is the tangible outcome of widely based research and addresses the feasibility and level of community support for the proposed establishment of a formal cultural partnership modelled on the hitherto informal collaboration of groups referred to above and on several places within the report.

It indicates strong cross-community and wide-ranging endorsement for the proposal and the new North West Cultural Partnership, which is comprised of Blue Eagle Productions, the Bob Harte Memorial Trust, Bready Ulster Scots Development Association, Londonderry Bands Forum, Sollus Cultural Productions and Sollus School of Highland Dance.

Prior to the launch of the report the new Partnership had acquired premises in Hawkin Street and elected as Chairman Derek Moore, Co-ordinator of the Londonderry Bands Forum.

Mr Moore has strong family and musical connections with the Fountain area of the city which is adjacent to the new premises and, with others, has a role in planning for its development and regeneration. It is anticipated that the siting of the new Cultural Partnership close to the Fountain will contribute to this and serve to boost interest, linkage and commitment to the cultural, economic and social development of the neighbourhood and its residents as well as the wider North West.

Mr Kenny McFarland, Chairman of the Londonderry Bands Forum, Kyle Thompson who works within the Urban Villages Initiative and James Kee with staff of the Bready Ulster Scots Development Association have also had key roles in the establishment of the new Partnership.

The development is clear indication that beginnings do not have to dictate a future. The Londonderry Bands Forum which resulted from the initiative of individuals brought together to address fragmentation and untapped capacity within the PUL community now stands as an example of good practice for those who wish to acknowledge past failings, claim responsibility for their own development, re-focus and navigate for fresh growth.

At the launch on 27 July 2016, the Minister commented on the positive nature of progress which had been made in terms of ‘local cultural development and peace-building’ and stated that when the PUL community feels more confident in the welcome acceptance of its cultural expression then this becomes a base for progress and positivity ‘in recognising and respecting cultural diversity.’ He wished the new Partnership well in the future and commended the plans for ‘delivering a more collaborative and structured approach to cultural development.’ It was his view that the ‘NWCP will be a key vehicle for ensuring that cultural activity is available to everyone’ in an area where ‘there is an abundance of creative talent.’

Speaking at the end of a successful stage in a process this, in the author’s view does not do full justice to the Londonderry Bands Forum which, transcending the historical political and social trauma and vulnerability of its’ community, has found a rhythm which resonates and accrues cultural benefits from exposure to other cultures. Linking policy, practice and research it has sifted out essential elements to integrate and synthesize


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peaceful and transformational ideas and actions whilst not forgetting its commitment to its core membership as evidenced in the provision of a new professionally written and published Toolkit for Bands, funded by the International Fund for Ireland.

Referring to the Toolkit on the day of its launch with the Next Steps Report, Kenny McFarland Chairman of the Londonderry Bands Forum explained that ‘it does not aim to cross every ‘t’ and dot every ‘i’ but seeks to address fundamental and key issues relating to the management, administration and organisation of bands and the activities in which they engage. Based on the learning and good practice of those with keen knowledge and long experience of band membership and leadership it addresses areas like financial management, insurance, duty of care, education and media coverage, promoting understanding and community relations; another first for the Londonderry Bands Forum.

Through risk-taking and meeting challenges, the Bands Forum has made a valued and significant impact to peace building and reconciliation in the immediate and wider community. By working with others across the community, the collective leadership with the support of the members, through reciprocated receptiveness and respect for diversity, has brought a recognizably unifying and transformative context to the consideration, and expression of culture with added social and political dividends.

This has been achieved through shared beliefs, core shared values and a recognition that single identity work, purposefully and consistently targeted and prepared to move beyond its comfort zone, builds capacity that in turn creates confidence thereby enabling, empowering and facilitating contributions to the whole community wherein cultures are equally celebrated and equally valued. Respect for diversity no longer merely lies at the bottom but begins to appear on the surface to inspire a richer view of reality seen, not least, in the clear evidence that it is bringing influence to bear on PUL political representatives who are now more open in their endorsement and support.

What becomes clear is that boundaries do not maintain themselves; that setting a tone and sending out a signal can bring change for the better and make for a future that looks different from the past. The Londonderry Bands Forum does not aim to make its work and values complex. This is to its advantage for complexity can breed exclusivity. It is realistic in recognizing that in the past battles were allowed to overwhelm issues; that systemic inequalities can remain long after reconciliation. It has a will and passion to address these and bring solutions within its community and all will gain. In effect positive cultural hybridity and play between too rigid allegiances which have hardened in times of conflict is present.

It is imperative that it is encouraged and equipped to consolidate resulting achievements.

With ‘ a Fresh Start ‘ at regional level, the Programme for Government for the NI Assembly at a consultative stage and Community Planning ongoing in the Derry City and Strabane District Council area the Londonderry Bands Forum singularly and collaboratively within the North West Partnership has an important contribution to make and it is encouraging to note that members, desirous of contributing to cultural tourism, the economy and education have been participating in the process within their local communities.

Even within a collaborative process, management of workload and resourcing will be problematic but, with support, it is likely to succeed and build on its not inconsiderable achievements.


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LONDONDERRY

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EVALUATIONREPORT

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“Challenging Preconceptions and Misconceptions through Education and Dialogue”Londonderry Bands Forum

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Documents

EVALUATION REPORT - Londonderry Bands Forum...Feb 01, 2014 · acknowledgement. The 2011 Gateway to Participation report and the formation of the Londonderry Band’s Forum aided