Water and Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringMaster Thesis 2012
Lina Karlsson & Henny Samuelsson
Evaluation of the Planned Stormwater System in Caofeidian
New Area Tangshan Bay Eco-city, China
Vattenfrsrjnings- och Avloppsteknik Institutionen fr Kemiteknik Lunds Universitet
Water and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Lund University, Sweden
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Evaluation of the Planned Stormwater System in
Caofeidian New Area Tangshan Bay Eco-city, China
Master Thesis number: 2012-07 by
Lina Karlsson Henny Samuelsson
Water and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering
June 2012
Supervisor: Professor Jes la Cour Jansen Examiner: Associate professor Karin Jnsson
Picture on front page:
1. View of the salt water canal and the project area B-03, Caofeidian new area Tangshan Bay eco-city, China. Photographer Lina Karlsson.
Postal address: Visiting address: Telephone:
P.O Box 124 Getingevgen 60 +46 46-222 82 85
SE-221 00 Lund. +46 46-222 00 00
Sweden, Telefax:
+46 46-222 45 26
Web address:
www.vateknik.lth.se
1
Acknowledgments
This Master thesis was written at Water and Environmental Engineering at the Department of
Chemical Engineering at Lund University in collaboration with the Tangshan Bay Eco-
city Engineering and Technology Center in China.
During the course of this project we have received help from many people and would like to
express our gratitude. First we would like to thank our supervisor in Sweden, professor Jes la
Cour Jansen, for his invaluable input to the thesis as well as enthusiasm throughout this
project. To our supervisor in China, Dr. Dehui Wei, we would like to express our warmest
thanks for all the help with connections, information and making us feel at home in China.
Our dear friend Mr. Jianwei Guan deserves special thanks because of his patience and will to
help us with all our questions. To all the people working in the eco-city, especially Ms. Wang
Ruirui and Ms. Xinxin Tian, thank you for welcoming us so openheartedly to China.
At the Institute of Urban Water Resource Center of MHURC at China Academy of Urban
Planning and Design in Beijing, Dr. Gui Ping, Dr. Xu Yijian, Dr. Liu Guang Qi shared with
us valuable information about stormwater management in China. We also had interesting
discussions together and for that we are very grateful.
To everyone we have met at SWECO, both in China and Sweden, we very much appreciate
your help with reports, plans and information about the project area. Special thanks go to Mr.
Jos-Ignacio Ramrez, Mr. Johan Nilsson, Ms. Tan Ying Nilsson, Dr. Liu Xiaobo, Ms. Kong
Qi and Ms. Christina Odn.
For assistance regarding the modeling part of our thesis we would like to express our
gratitude to Henrik Thorn at Rambll Denmark and Fredrik Bergh at DHI Sweden. We also
thank DHI for supplying the software.
We would like to thank the following parties for permission to publish their pictures: SWECO
AB, VA SYD, Tangshan Bay Eco-city Engineering and Technology Center, Minnesota
Metropolitan Council, HarvestH2O.com and Melbourne Water.
As a part of this thesis we were invited to take part in the TangMa collaboration. The
opportunity did not only put new light to our thesis but also gave us new friends and
knowledge. We would like to thank all participants for the interesting work and good times
and hope that we meet again.
For making this thesis financially possible we would like to thank SIDA and
ngpannefreningens Forskningstsiftelse.
The working process of this thesis has involved a lot of meetings and seminars in many
different places. If we have forgot to mention someone, we apologize beforehand.
Lina Karlsson and Henny Samuelsson Lund June 2012
Postadress Box 118, 221 00 Lund Besksadress John Ericssons vg 1Telefon dir 046-222 9657, vxel 046-222 00 00 Telefax 046-2229127 E-post [email protected]
Lund Univers i t y
Facu l ty o f Eng ineer ing, LTH
Depar tments o f Ear th and W ater Eng ineer ing
This study has been carried out within the framework of the Minor Field Studies
(MFS) Scholarship Programme, which is funded by the Swedish International
Development Cooperation Agency, Sida.
The MFS Scholarship Programme offers Swedish university students an
opportunity to carry out two months field work in a developing country resulting
in a graduation thesis work, a Masters dissertation or a similar in-depth study.
These studies are primarily conducted within subject areas that are important from
an international development perspective and in a country supported by Swedish
international development assistance.
The main purpose of the MFS Programme is to enhance Swedish university
students knowledge and understanding of developing countries and their
problems. An MFS should provide the student with initial experience of conditions
in such a country. A further purpose is to widen the human resource base for
recruitment into international co-operation. Further information can be reached at
the following internet address: http://www.tg.lth.se/mfs.
The responsibility for the accuracy of the information presented in this MFS report
rests entirely with the authors and their supervisors.
Gerhard Barmen
Local MFS Programme Officer
Summary
China is a country in transition. An increasing amount of people are moving from the country
side to the cities and the developing speed is racing. New cities are built all over the country
and recently the concept of eco-cities has become popular. The municipality of Tangshan has
started the construction of a new city to promote development in a more sustainable way. The
eco-city could better cope with the increasing population and the environmental stress caused
by the higher living standards in the municipality. Sustainable solutions are planned with
focus on green energy, energy efficient buildings, water and waste management. The
objective of this thesis is to evaluate the planned stormwater system in the new city, called
Caofeidian new area Tangshan Bay eco-city.
The new city is under construction in an area with particular conditions regarding stormwater
management. It is located by the sea partly on reclaimed land. The climate is very dry and
precipitation occurs in form of high intensity rainfalls. The low permeability of the soil
decreases the possibilities for infiltration of rainwater. The detailed stormwater plan for one
large block called B-03 was evaluate in the context of sustainable urban drainage. In addition,
the stormwater concepts for the whole city were also looked at. The stormwater design in the
project area mainly consists of open channels and small retention areas that are connected to a
traditional pipe system. The concepts for the whole city however, also contain ideas regarding
rainwater harvesting on local levels as well as some more common sustainable urban drainage
solutions such as bio-retention swales and infiltration trenches.
An evaluation was made based on five criteria: stormwater management, stormwater
availability and demand, stormwater quality, stormwater social sustainability and stormwater
ecological sustainability. To support the evaluation, water balances were performed that
indicated that rainwater harvesting could be a viable option in order to save water in the city.
Two computer models of the project area were made and the results of the simulations were
used to evaluate the hydraulic conditions of the systems.
The evaluation showed that the system to be implemented in the project area is not a
sustainable urban drainage system in the conventional sense. However, the conditions of the
project area contributed to the conclusion that such a system would not be very beneficial in
this location. In B-03, the modeling shows that the dimensions of the open channels should be
revised to prevent unnecessary flooding. Many other aspects of the results of the B-03
evaluation are valid for the whole city. To create a sustainable drainage system in the eco-city,
focus should be put on securing sound ground elevations to enable gravitational flow out of
the city and enable a comprehensive flow system. The system should delay water in the areas
furthest away from the final recipient. Rainwater harvesting is a possible option to save water
but it should be complemented with other water saving measures. Harvesting could be done
on a centralized level to get around some of the problems encountered when a local system
was considered. For the fut
