EuroV MBE 900 Operators Manual - Freightliner Trucks · 2021. 1. 7. · Throughout this manual CAUTIONS and WARNINGS regarding personal safety and NOTICES regarding engine performance

DDC-SVC-MAN-0207

EuroV MBE 900 Operators Manual

Specifications are subject to change without notice. Detroit Diesel Corporation is registered to ISO 9001:2001.Copyright © Detroit Diesel Corporation. All rights reserved. Detroit Diesel Corporation is a Daimler company.Printed in U.S.A.

Table of Contents

1 Forward.................................................................................................................................................................................... 41.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................... 41.2 Non-Genuine and Rebuilt Component Quality Alert...................................................................................................... 41.3 Personnel Requirements.................................................................................................................................................. 41.4 Engine Conversions and Modifications.......................................................................................................................... 41.5 Acronyms and Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................................... 4

2 To the Operator....................................................................................................................................................................... 62.1 To the Operator................................................................................................................................................................ 6

3 Caution Summary................................................................................................................................................................... 73.1 Caution Summary............................................................................................................................................................ 7

4 First Time Start Preparations.............................................................................................................................................. 134.1 System Checks.............................................................................................................................................................. 134.2 Starting the Engine........................................................................................................................................................ 154.3 Cold Weather Operation................................................................................................................................................ 16

5 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Operation......................................................................................................... 175.1 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Operation.................................................................................................... 17

6 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Features............................................................................................................ 196.1 Changing the Idle Speed............................................................................................................................................... 196.2 Stop Engine Override Option........................................................................................................................................ 196.3 Engine Protection.......................................................................................................................................................... 19

7 Engine Systems...................................................................................................................................................................... 207.1 Engine Systems............................................................................................................................................................. 20

8 EuroV MBE900 Aftertreatment System............................................................................................................................. 218.1 EuroV MBE900 Aftertreatment System....................................................................................................................... 21

9 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Information........................................................................................................................................ 229.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Information................................................................................................................................. 22

10 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank.................................................................................................................................................. 2310.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank.......................................................................................................................................... 23

11 Aftertreatment Maintenance.............................................................................................................................................. 2412 Instrument Panel Lamps.................................................................................................................................................... 2513 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Level Warning Lamps..................................................................................................................... 27

13.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Level Warning Lamps............................................................................................................... 2714 Maintenance......................................................................................................................................................................... 28

14.1 MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables - 93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4)............................................ 2814.2 Scheduled Intervals..................................................................................................................................................... 2914.3 Schedule Use............................................................................................................................................................... 3014.4 Required Maintenance Operations.............................................................................................................................. 3014.5 Fuel Prefilter Element Cleaning.................................................................................................................................. 3414.6 Main Fuel Filter Element Changing............................................................................................................................ 3614.7 Engine Oil and Filter Changing.................................................................................................................................. 3714.8 Coolant Concentration Checking................................................................................................................................ 4114.9 Coolant Flushing and Changing.................................................................................................................................. 4214.10 Cooling System Inspecting........................................................................................................................................ 43

15 How to Procedures............................................................................................................................................................... 4515.1 How to Select Lubricating Oil.................................................................................................................................... 4515.2 How to Replace the Lubricating Oil and Oil Filter..................................................................................................... 4515.3 How to Select Diesel Fuel........................................................................................................................................... 4815.4 Engine Out of Fuel – How to Restart.......................................................................................................................... 4915.5 How to Clean an Engine.............................................................................................................................................. 5015.6 Cleaning/Flushing the Cooling System....................................................................................................................... 5115.7 Coolant Selections and Maintenance.......................................................................................................................... 5115.8 Coolant Fill Options.................................................................................................................................................... 5215.9 Coolant Do's and Don'ts.............................................................................................................................................. 5315.10 Maintenance.............................................................................................................................................................. 54

Table of Contents

2 All information subject to change without notice.Copyright © 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-MAN-0207

15.11 Appendix A - Definitions.......................................................................................................................................... 5615.12 Appendix B - General Coolant Information.............................................................................................................. 5715.13 Appendix C - Detroit™ Cooling System Maintenance Products.............................................................................. 5915.14 Checking the Hoses................................................................................................................................................... 6015.15 How to Service the Dry Type Air Cleaner................................................................................................................ 61

16 Detroit Genuine Coolanat Engine Products...................................................................................................................... 6216.1 Detroit Genuine Coolant Engine Products.................................................................................................................. 62

17 Engine Oil Capacities.......................................................................................................................................................... 6417.1 Engine Oil Capacities - EuroV.................................................................................................................................... 64


All information subject to change without notice. 3DDC-SVC-MAN-0207 Copyright © 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

1 Forward

1.1 IntroductionThis manual is intended for use by the operator of a Detroit™ engine used in On-Highway Vehicle applications.

1.2 Non-Genuine and Rebuilt Component Quality AlertMaintenance procedures must be followed in order to continue satisfactory engine performance and durability and to ensureengine coverage under the manufacturer's warranty. Many of these maintenance procedures ensure that the engine complieswith applicable emissions standards. Proper maintenance procedures, using specific components engineered to comply withemissions regulations, may be performed by an authorized Detroit™ distributor or dealer, an independent outlet or theoperator / owner. The owner is responsible for determining the suitability of components to maintain emissions complianceduring the engine's useful emission life.

Detroit™ cautions that the indiscriminate rebuilding of precision components, without the benefit of specifications,specialized equipment, and knowledge of the electronic operating system, will jeopardize performance or lead to moreserious problems, and can take the engine outside of emissions standards.

There are several other components in an engine, such as turbocharger, that are specifically designed and manufactured toexacting standards for emissions compliance. It is important that these components, if replaced, modified or substituted, canbe verified to ensure that the engine remains in compliance with emissions standards. The use of inadequately engineered,manufactured or tested components in repair or rebuild of the engine may be in violation of emissions standards regulations.

Furthermore, modern engines exhibit operating parameters which require the use of proper fluids, such as fuel, coolant andlubricating oil, to maintain long engine life. The use of fluids that do not meet Detroit™ specifications may result inpremature wear or engine failure.

1.3 Personnel RequirementsWork on the engine should be carried out only by skilled technicians who have been instructed in the specific skills necessaryfor the type of work being performed.

1.4 Engine Conversions and ModificationsThe function and safety of the engine could be affected if unauthorized modifications are made to it. Detroit™ will not acceptresponsibility for any resulting damage.

Tampering with the fuel injection system and engine electronics could also affect engine power output or exhaust emissionlevels. Compliance with the manufacturer's settings and with statutory environmental protection regulations cannot then beguaranteed.

1.5 Acronyms and Abbreviations

Table 1.Acronyms and Abbreviations

ATF Automatic Transmission Fluid m Meter

CAC Charge Air Cooler MCM Motor Control Module

CAN Controller Area Network MIL Malfunction Indicator Lamp

CARB California Air Resources Board mpg Miles per Gallon

1 Forward


Acronyms and Abbreviations

CEL Check Engine Light mph Miles per Hour

CPC Common Powertrain Controller NOAT Nitrited Organic Acid Technology

DDC Detroit Diesel Corporation NOx Nitrogen Oxide

DDEC Detroit Diesel Electronic Controls OAT Organic Acid Technology

DTC Diagnostic Trouble Code OBD On Board Diagnostic

ECM Electronic Control Module OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

ECT Engine Coolant Temperature oz Ounce

EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation psi Pounds per Square Inch

ELC Extended Life Coolant PTO Power Takeoff

EPA Environmental Protection Agency qt Quart

FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration rpm Revolutions per Minute

GAWR Gross Axle Weight Rating SAE Society of Automotive Engineers

GVWR Gross Vehicle Weight Rating SCA Supplemental Coolant Additive

HEST High Exhaust System Temperature SCR Selective Catalyst Reduction

in. Inch SEL Stop Engine Light

inH2O Inches of Water SEO Stop Engine Override

inHg Inches of Mercury S/N Serial Number

ISO International Organization for Standardization SRS Synchronous Reference Sensor

k Kilo (1000) SRT Standard Repair Time

kg Kilogram TCM Transmission Control Module

km Kilometer TDC Top Dead Center

km/h Kilometers per Hour TPS Throttle Position Sensor

kPa Kilopascal TRS Timing Reference Sensor

kW Kilowatt VIN Vehicle Identification Number

L Liter VSG Variable Speed Governor

lb Pound VSS Variable Speed Sensor



2 To the Operator

2.1 To the OperatorThis manual contains instructions on the safe operation and preventive maintenance of your Detroit™ engine used in vehicleapplications. Maintenance instructions cover routine engine services such as lubricating oil and filter changes in enoughdetail to permit self-servicing, if desired.

The operator should become familiar with the contents of this manual before operating the engine or carrying outmaintenance procedures.

Power-driven equipment is only as safe as the person operating the controls. You are urged, as the operator of this dieselengine, to keep fingers and clothing away from the revolving belts, drive shafts, and pulleys on the engine installation.

Throughout this manual CAUTIONS and WARNINGS regarding personal safety and NOTICES regarding engineperformance or service life will appear. To avoid personal injury and ensure long engine service life, always heed theseinstructions.

Whenever possible, it will benefit you to rely on an authorized Detroit™ service outlet for all your service needs frommaintenance to major parts replacement. Authorized service outlets worldwide stock factory-original parts.

The information and specifications in this publication are based on the information in effect at the time of approval forprinting. Contact an authorized Detroit™ service outlet for information on the latest revision. The right is reserved to makechanges at any time without obligation.

Detroit™ engines are built in accordance with sound technological principles and based on state-of-the-art technology.

Despite this, the engine may constitute a risk of damage to property or injury to persons if it is not used for its intendedpurpose.

The engine should not be modified or converted in an incorrect manner or the safety instructions included in this manualdisregarded.

Keep this Operator Manual with the engine installation at all times. It contains important operating, maintenance,and safety instructions.

NOTICE: Failure to maintain the cooling system at required concentrations will result in severe damage tothe engine cooling system and related components. Refer to the "Coolant Selections and Maintenance"section.

Table 2.WARRANTY

The applicable engine warranty is contained in the booklet “Warranty Information for Detroit™ Engines,” available from authorized Detroit™service outlets.

Trademark Information

DDC®, Detroit™, DDEC®, Optimized Idle®, Diagnostic Link®, BlueTec®, POWER Trac®, POWER COOL®, andPOWER GUARD® are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation. All other trademarks used are the property oftheir respective owners.

2 To the Operator


3 Caution Summary

3.1 Caution SummaryThe following cautions must be observed by the operator of the vehicle or equipment in which this engine is installed and/orby those performing basic engine preventive maintenance. Failure to read and heed these cautions and exercise reasonablecare for personal safety and the safety of others when operating the vehicle/equipment or performing basic engine preventivemaintenance may result in personal injury and engine and/or vehicle/equipment damage.

Engine Operation

Observe the following cautions when operating the engine.

WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY

To avoid injury from loss of vehicle/vessel control, the operator of a DDEC equipped engine mustnot use or read any diagnostic tool while the vehicle/vessel is moving.

WARNING: HOT EXHAUST

During parked regeneration the exhaust gases will be extremely HOT and could cause a fire ifdirected at combustible materials. The vehicle must be parked outside.

CAUTION: LOSS OF VEHICLE CONTROL

To avoid injury from the loss of vehicle control, do not use cruise control under these conditions:

• When it is not possible to keep the vehicle at a constant speed (on winding roads, in heavytraffic, in traffic that varies in speed, etc.).

• On slippery roads (wet pavement, ice-or snow-covered roads, loose gravel, etc.).


Diesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents are known to the State of California to causecancer, birth defects, and other reproductive harm.

• Always start and operate an engine in a well ventilated area.• If operating an engine in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the outside.• Do not modify or tamper with the exhaust system or emission control system.


To avoid injury from engine shutdown in an unsafe situation, ensure the operator knows how tooverride the stop engine condition on a DDEC-equipped unit.



CAUTION: LOSS OF VEHICLE CONTROL

To avoid injury from loss of vehicle control, do not activate the Engine Brake system under thefollowing conditions:

• On wet or slippery pavement, unless the vehicle is equipped with ABS (anti-lock braking system)and you have had prior experience driving under these conditions.

• When driving without a trailer (bobtailing) or pulling an empty trailer.• If the tractor drive wheels begin to lock or there is fishtail motion after the Engine Brake is

activated, deactivate the brake system immediately if this occurs.

WARNING: BODILY INJURY

To avoid injury from an explosion, do not use ether or starting fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater.

Preventive Maintenance

Observe the following cautions when performing preventive maintenance.


To avoid injury when working near or on an operating engine, remove loose items of clothing andjewelry. Tie back or contain long hair that could be caught in any moving part causing injury.


To avoid injury when working on or near an operating engine, wear protective clothing, eyeprotection, and hearing protection.

WARNING: HOT OIL

To avoid injury from hot oil, do not operate the engine with the rocker cover(s) removed.

WARNING: FIRE

To avoid injury from fire, contain and eliminate leaks of flammable fluids as they occur. Failure toeliminate leaks could result in fire.

CAUTION: USED ENGINE OIL

To avoid injury to skin from contact with the contaminants in used engine oil, wear protectivegloves and apron.


To avoid injury when using caustic cleaning agents, follow the chemical manufacturers usage,disposal, and safety instructions.

3 Caution Summary



To avoid injury from hot surfaces, wear protective gloves, or allow engine to cool before removingany component.


To avoid injury, use care when working around moving belts and rotating parts on the engine.

WARNING: FIRE

To avoid injury from combustion of heated lubricating-oil vapors, stop the engine immediately if anoil leak is detected.


To avoid injury from contact with rotating parts when an engine is operating with the air inlet pipingremoved, install an air inlet screen shield over the turbocharger air inlet. The shield preventscontact with rotating parts.

WARNING: HOT COOLANT

To avoid scalding from the expulsion of hot coolant, never remove the cooling system pressure capwhile the engine is at operating temperature. Wear adequate protective clothing (face shield,rubber gloves, apron, and boots). Remove the cap slowly to relieve pressure.

WARNING: FIRE

To avoid injury from fire, do not smoke or allow open flames when working on an operating engine.

WARNING: FIRE

To avoid injury from fire from a buildup of volatile vapors, keep the engine area well ventilatedduring operation.


To avoid injury from rotating belts and fans, do not remove and discard safety guards.


To avoid injury from slipping and falling, immediately clean up any spilled liquids.



Compressed Air

Observe the following cautions when using compressed air.

WARNING: EYE INJURY

To avoid injury from flying debris when using compressed air, wear adequate eye protection (faceshield or safety goggles) and do not exceed 276 kPa (40 psi) air pressure.

Cooling System

Observe the following cautions when servicing the cooling system.





Electrical System

Observe the following cautions when jump starting an engine, charging a battery, or working with the vehicle/applicationelectrical system.

WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK

To avoid injury from electrical shock, do not touch battery terminals, alternator terminals, or wiringcables while the engine is operating.

WARNING: Battery Explosion and Acid Burn

To avoid injury from battery explosion or contact with battery acid, work in a well ventilated area,wear protective clothing, and avoid sparks or flames near the battery. If you come in contact withbattery acid:

• Flush your skin with water.• Apply baking soda or lime to help neutralize the acid.• Flush your eyes with water.• Get medical attention immediately.


To avoid injury from accidental engine startup while servicing the engine, disconnect/disable thestarting system.

Air Intake System

Observe the following cautions when working on the air intake system.

3 Caution Summary



To avoid injury from hot surfaces, wear protective gloves, or allow engine to cool before removingany component.


To avoid injury from contact with rotating parts when an engine is operating with the air inlet pipingremoved, install an air inlet screen shield over the turbocharger air inlet. The shield preventscontact with rotating parts.

Lubricating Oil and Filters

Observe the following cautions when replacing the engine lubricating oil and filter.



WARNING: FIRE

To avoid injury from combustion of heated lubricating-oil vapors, stop the engine immediately if anoil leak is detected.

WARNING: FIRE

To avoid injury from fire, do not smoke or allow open flames when working on an operating engine.

WARNING: FIRE

To avoid injury from fire from a buildup of volatile vapors, keep the engine area well ventilatedduring operation.

Fuel System

Observe the following cautions when fueling the vehicle or working with the fuel system.

WARNING: FIRE

To avoid injury from fire, keep all potential ignition sources away from diesel fuel, including openflames, sparks, and electrical resistance heating elements. Do not smoke when refueling.


To prevent the escape of high pressure fuel that can penetrate skin, ensure the engine has beenshut down for a minimum of 10 minutes before servicing any component within the high pressurecircuit. Residual high fuel pressure may be present within the circuit.



WARNING: FIRE

To avoid increased risk of a fuel fire, do not mix gasoline and diesel fuel.

WARNING: FIRE

To avoid injury from fire caused by heated diesel-fuel vapors:

• Keep those people who are not directly involved in servicing away from the engine.• Stop the engine immediately if a fuel leak is detected.• Do not smoke or allow open flames when working on an operating engine.• Wear adequate protective clothing (face shield, insulated gloves and apron, etc.).• To prevent a buildup of potentially volatile vapors, keep the engine area well ventilated during

operation.

Aftertreatment System

Observe the following cautions when servicing the Aftertreatment System (ATS). Be advised that these two labels areattached to the Aftertreatment Device (ATD).

3 Caution Summary


4 First Time Start Preparations

4.1 System ChecksPerform the following system checks before starting.

4.1.1 Checking the Cooling SystemCheck the cooling system as follows:

1. Make sure all drain cocks in the cooling system are installed (drain cocks are often removed for shipping) and areclosed tightly.

2. Fill the coolant overflow surge tank with Detroit™ Genuine Coolant until coolant level stays between the low and fullcoolant marks on the tank.

3. Entrapped air must be purged after filling the cooling system. To do this, allow the engine to warm up with thepressure cap removed. With the transmission in neutral, increase engine speed to 1000 rpm and add coolant to thesurge tank as required.

4. Check to make sure the front of the radiator and charge air cooler (if equipped) are unblocked and free of debris.

4.1.2 Checking and Monitoring the Oil LevelCheck the oil level as follows:



NOTICE: Do not add oil if the oil reading is in the crosshatch area on the dipstick. There are approximately 4.0 L(4.2 qt) from the fill mark to the full mark. Overfilling the oil pan can cause engine damage.

NOTE: If the engine operating temperature is below 60°C (140°F), the engine must be on a level surface and thenshut down for 60 minutes for an accurate oil level reading. Otherwise, the engine must be brought up to anoperating temperature of 60°C (140°F), parked on a level surface and then shut down for 20 minutes for anaccurate oil level reading.

1. Check the oil level daily with the engine stopped and on a level surface. If the engine has just been stopped and iswarm, wait approximately 20 minutes to allow the oil to drain back into the oil pan before checking.

2. Add oil to maintain the correct level on the dipstick. Use only the heavy-duty oils recommended in the "How toReplace the Lubricating Oil and Oil Filter" section in this manual.

NOTE: If the dipstick has a positive locking device such as a lever or twist-lock design, this must be disengagedbefore pulling the dipstick out of the guide tube.

3. Remove the dipstick from the guide tube. Use a shop rag to wipe off the end of the dipstick.4. Wait 15 seconds to allow any crankcase pressure to dissipate through the guide tube and let the oil level settle in the

oil pan.5. Reinstall the dipstick and make sure it is fully inserted into the guide tube.6. Remove the dipstick and read the oil level dipstick.7. The figure shows a comparison between the bends on the dipstick and a crosshatch pattern on a conventional dipstick.

Note the exact area noted on the bends. For example, the 'maximum' oil level will be at the BOTTOM of bend (1). Forthe 'minimum' oil level, it is noted at the TOP of bend (2). If the oil level is below the 'minimum' bend, add oil to bring



it up the 'maximum' level. Do NOT fill beyond the maximum fill level on the dipstick, since overfilling may result inhigh oil consumption and possible severe engine damage.

4.1.3 Fuel System ChecksMake sure the fuel shutoff valve (if used) is open. Fill the tanks with the recommended fuel. Keeping tanks full reduceswater condensation and helps keep fuel cool, which is important to engine performance. Full tanks also reduce the chance formicrobe (black slime) growth. For fuel recommendations, Refer to section "How to Select Diesel Fuel".

NOTICE: Prolonged use of the starting motor and engine fuel pumps to prime the fuel system can result indamage to the starter, fuel pumps, and injectors.

If the shutoff valve is even partially closed, it may cause erratic engine operation due to an inadequate supply of fuelto the fuel pump.

NOTICE: NEVER use ether as a starting aid to run the engine. Doing so will result in injector damage.

If an external starting aid is used, such as a starting fluid, the heat generated by the external fuel source will cause the injectortips to be damaged when the fuel cools them. The injector piston and bushing can be scored from running without lubrication.

To ensure prompt starting and even running, the fuel system must be primed if air has entered the fuel system. Priming isdone by operating the manual hand priming pump located on the frame-mounted fuel filter or connecting an external primingpump to the priming port on the fuel filter module. Authorized Detroit™ service outlets are properly equipped for this type ofservice.

Priming is required if the fuel system has been serviced.

Drain off any water that has accumulated. Water in fuel can seriously affect engine performance and may cause enginedamage.

4.1.4 Adding FuelWhen adding fuel, pay attention to the following:

NOTICE: Always use Ultra-Low Sulfur Fuel (ULSF) with 15 PPM sulfur content or less, based on ASTM StandardD2622 test procedure. Higher sulfur levels will damage the engine Aftertreatment System (ATS).



• Add winter or summer grade fuel according to the season of the year.• Work in the cleanest conditions possible.• Prevent water from entering the fuel tank.

For further information, Refer to Section "How to Select Diesel Fuel".

4.1.5 Checking Other Engine and ATS Related PartsCheck the engine compartment as follows:

• Make sure the transmission is filled to the proper level with the fluid recommended by the gear manufacturer. Do notoverfill.

• The Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) must be checked and filled regularly with DEF meeting Detroit™ quality specification.• Make sure cable connections to the storage batteries are clean and tight.• Check for cracks in the battery cases (1), for tightness of the cable clamps (2) at the terminals, and for corrosion of the

terminals (3). Service or replace as needed.• To provide corrosion protection, apply dielectric grease liberally to the terminal pads.

4.2 Starting the Engine1. Place the transmission in neutral, and set the parking brake.

NOTICE: To prevent serious starter motor damage, release the ignition switch immediately after the engine hasstarted.

2. Turn on the ignition switch.3. Wait for the engine system indicator lights on the instrument panel to go out.4. With foot off the accelerator pedal, start the engine.5. If the engine does not start after 20 seconds, stop. Try again after waiting about 60 seconds.

NOTICE: Do not increase engine speed if the oil pressure gauge indicates no oil pressure. Shut down the enginewithin approximately ten seconds to avoid engine damage. Check to determine the cause of the problem.

NOTE: Do not place the engine under full load until it reaches operating temperature. Colder engine temperatureswill cause the engine to preset idle up to 900 rpm. Even at a high idle condition, you do not have to wait for enginewarm up and return to normal idle to drive the truck.

6. Monitor the oil pressure gauge immediately after starting the engine.



4.3 Cold Weather OperationSpecial precautions must be taken during cold weather. To protect your engine, special cold weather handling is required forfuel, engine oil, coolant, and batteries.

NOTICE: To avoid engine damage, DO NOT use any type of aerosol spray, e.g., ether, starting fluid or brakecleaner to aid in starting the engine.

For engines with a grid heater:

WARNING: BODILY INJURY

To avoid injury from an explosion, do not use ether or starting fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater.

Temperatures below -20°C (-4°F) may require a block heater and oil pan heater.

4.3.1 Winter FrontsWinter fronts on Detroit™ engines are seldom necessary due to the modern design of the engine cooling system. The coolantthermostat is on the outlet side of the cooling system on the Detroit™ engine and regulates coolant flow to the radiator intothe engine. The thermostat regulates coolant flow to control the temperature of the coolant within the coolant circuit. Thefollowing benefits are a result from regulating the coolant at the inlet temperature side of the engine:

• Reduced thermal cycling of the engine• Operating temperature is reached faster• Improved vehicle heating because of better temperature regulation

Further information on the thermostat function may be found in the Coolant Thermostat section of the EuroV MBE900Workshop Manual (DDC-SVC-MAN-0206).

Use of a winter front on a Detroit™ engine, particularly those that are fully closed, will cause performance issues and is notrecommended on Detroit™ engines. Winter fronts can result in the following:

• Excessive fan run time due to higher Charge Air Cooler (CAC) outlet temperatures resulting from low air flow through theCAC

• Increased fuel consumption• Failure of the DEF system heaters to turn on when needed due to incorrect temperature calculations resulting in fault

codes, poor performance of the Aftertreatment System, and power reduction• Failure of critical emission equipment that will result in vehicle speed inducement to a maximum of 5 mph

Use of a winter front should be avoided as this has been shown to cause false fault codes with the engine and aftertreatmentsystem. This has also been linked to specific component failures that will cause vehicle downtime and lost productivity.

There are two specific situations where a winter front may be temporarily needed:

• To improve cab heating while idling under extreme cold ambient temperature• When the ambient temperature remains below -30°C (-22°F) and the engine is unable to maintain running coolant

temperature of 80°C (175°F) during normal over-the-road operation

If either of the above situations is encountered, then a winter front may be temporarily used. A minimum of 25% of the grillmust be open in sectioned stripes that run perpendicular to the charge air cooler tube flow direction. This assures evencooling across each tube and reduces header-to-tube stress and possible failure.



5 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Operation

5.1 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Operation

NOTE: This engine is equipped with DDEC software. This software generally assures optimal engineperformance. The installation of software upgrades may cause minor changes in features and engineperformance.

Since the DDEC system is electronic, a battery is required to operate the computer. The system operates at 12 volts. However,in the event of a power supply malfunction, the system will continue to operate at reduced voltage. When this occurs, theAWL (Check Engine) will come on.

The engine will only operate at reduced rpm until the battery voltage reaches a point where the MCM will no longer functionand the engine shuts down.

Should the AWL (Check Engine) come on for any reason, the vehicle can still be operated and the driver can proceed to therequired destination. This condition should be reported to an authorized Detroit™ distributor or dealer.

NOTICE: When the RSL (Stop Engine) comes on, the system has detected a major malfunction in the engine thatrequires immediate attention. It is the operator's responsibility to shut down the engine to avoid seriousdamage.

The "Stop Engine Override" feature can be activated in the case where the vehicle is operating in a critical location.

5.1.1 Stop Engine Override SwitchThis feature allows the operator to override the automatic Stop Engine sequence.

This is done by pressing the Stop Engine Override Switch every 15 to 20 seconds to prevent engine shutdown fromoccurring.



NOTE: Continuously holding down the Stop Engine Override Switch will not prevent the engine shutdownsequence. You must continue to reset the automatic shutdown system by pressing the Stop Engine OverrideSwitch at intervals of approximately 15 to 20 seconds.

It takes 30 seconds from the time the automatic shutdown sequence begins until engine shutdown. Therefore, the operatormust press the override switch just prior to engine shutdown and continue to do so until the vehicle can be brought to a stopin a safe location.

5.1.2 Immediate Speed ReductionThe immediate speed reduction option will bring engine rpm back to a predetermined speed, but will not shut down theengine.

The engine should not be restarted after it has been shut down by the engine protection system, unless the problem has beenlocated and corrected.

5.1.3 Red Stop LampThe conditions that will cause the RSL (Stop Engine) to come on are:

• High coolant temperature• Loss of coolant• High oil temperature• Low oil pressure• Auxiliary shutdown

Whenever the AWL (Check Engine) or the RSL comes on, the DDEC system will determine where the problem is and willthen store this information in its memory.

If the malfunction is intermittent, the lights will come on and go off as the computer senses the changing engine condition.

5 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Operation


6 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Features

6.1 Changing the Idle SpeedThe idle speed can be variable if the parameters in the CPC are set to the default range. Change the idle speed as follows:

1. Turn the cruise control switch to the ON position.2. To increase the idle speed, push the RSM/ACC switch until the idle reaches the desired rpm.3. To decrease the idle speed, push the SET/CST switch until the idle reaches the desired rpm.

6.2 Stop Engine Override OptionThe Stop Engine Override Option is used for a momentary override. The electronic engine control system will record thenumber of times the override is activated after an engine fault occurs.

6.3 Engine ProtectionThe electronic engine control protection system monitors all engine sensors, electronic components, and recognizes systemmalfunctions. If a critical fault is detected, the AWL (Check Engine) and RSL (Stop Engine) illuminate. The malfunctioncodes are logged into the MR2's memory.

The standard parameters which are monitored for engine protection are low coolant level, high coolant temperature, low oilpressure, and high oil temperature.


To avoid injury from engine shutdown in an unsafe situation, ensure the operator knows how tooverride the stop engine condition on a DDEC-equipped unit.

NOTICE: Engines equipped with the power down/shutdown option have a system override button or switch toallow engine operation for a short period of time. Using the override button so the engine does not shut down in30 seconds but operates for an extended period may result in engine damage.

This system features a 30-second, stepped-power shutdown sequence, or an immediate speed reduction without shutdown inthe event a major engine malfunction occurs, such as low oil pressure, high oil or coolant temperature, or low coolant level.



7 Engine Systems

7.1 Engine SystemsThe engine systems are as follows:

Fuel System

The fuel system consists of DDEC control system, fuel injectors, unit pumps, fuel filter module, filter, injection nozzles, andthe necessary connecting fuel lines.

Lubrication System

Clean, pressurized oil is fed to all components via passages in the engine block and cylinder head.

Air System

Outside air enters the engine through the air filter, is drawn to the turbocharger, is then compressed, forced through the air-to-air charge cooler (heat exchanger) and is cooled. Next, it flows to the intake manifold and into the cylinders, where it mixeswith atomized fuel from the injectors.

For optimum engine protection from dust and other airborne contaminants, service the dry-type air cleaners when themaximum allowable air restriction has been reached.

Cooling System

A radiator/thermo-modulated fan cooling system is used on the engine. This system has a centrifugal-type coolant pump tocirculate coolant within the engine. The thermostat controls the flow of coolant.

Electrical System

The electrical system consists of a starting motor, starting switch, battery-charging alternator, storage batteries, and necessarywiring.

Exhaust System

Hot exhaust gas from the exhaust manifolds is used to drive the turbocharger.

7 Engine Systems


8 EuroV MBE900 Aftertreatment System

8.1 EuroV MBE900 Aftertreatment SystemThe Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst converts a mixture of nitrogen oxides and Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) intonitrogen and water. DEF is pressurized by a pump and is then sprayed into the SCR.



9 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Information

9.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid InformationDiesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is stored in the onboard DEF tank. DEF is pulled through the DEF tank header to the DEF pump.DEF is pumped to the dosing unit and is injected into the aftertreatment. DEF circulates back to the DEF tank from thedosing unit.

9 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Information


10 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank

10.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid TankThe Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) tank holds the DEF supply. The filler neck has a smaller diameter (19 mm) than the fillerneck of the diesel fuel tank and is fitted with a magnetic insert so that diesel fuel cannot be mistakenly added to the DEFtank. The DEF you should use with your Detroit™ product will be API (American Petroleum Institute) certified and meet thespecifications ISO 22241-1 and DIN70700. These are two widely accepted standards in use for qualifying DEF for use inexhaust aftertreatment systems. DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid) will be sold at over 2,500 locations throughout North America.These locations include:

• Detroit™ Distributors• Freightliner® Truck Dealers• Western Star® Truck Dealers• Travel Centers of America® Truck Stops• Petro® Stopping Centers• Pilot Travel Centers®• Additional Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) sales locations can be found at www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/def/

If diesel fuel is added to the DEF tank or DEF is added to the diesel fuel tank, immediately contact your Certified Detroit™Service Center for further instructions.



11 Aftertreatment Maintenance

A high amount of black smoke emitting from the vehicle or illumination of the Amber Warning Lamp or Red Stop Lamp areindications of a system problem. Should this occur, consult your local Detroit™ Service Center.

Illumination of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Lamp indicates a failure of an emissions control device. The MIL mayilluminate along with other ATS warning lamps. Call for service to repair the fault.

11 Aftertreatment Maintenance


12 Instrument Panel Lamps

The instrument panel lamps are explained below:

Amber Warning Lamp

Table 3.

Lamp Lamp Name Description Result

Amber Warning Lamp (AWL) Indicates a fault with the enginecontrols.

Vehicle can be driven to end of shift.Call for service.

Lamp Solid Lamp Flashing

• At the start of every ignition cycle (bulb check). • Flashes last 90 seconds before idle shutdown if programmed for override.

• When an electronic system fault occurs. (Fault should bediagnosed as soon as possible.)

• Flashes when idle shutdown or the optimized idle shutdown occurs.

Red Stop Lamp

Table 4.


Red Stop Lamp (RSL) Indicates a major engine fault thatmay result in engine damage. Enginederate and/or shutdown sequence willbe initiated.

Move the vehicle to the nearest safelocation and shut down the engine.Call for service.


• At the start of every ignition cycle (bulb check). • Flashes when engine protection shutdown occurs.

• A potential engine damaging fault is detected.

Malfunction Indicator Lamp



Table 5.


Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Yellow lamp Indicates a failure of anEmission Control device. Mayilluminate at the same time as theAmber Warning Lamp.

Vehicle can be driven to end of theshift. Call for service.


• At the start of every ignition cycle (a bulb check). • Never flashes.

• For any emission related fault (light out when the fault isinactive).

Fuel Filter Restriction Sensor Lamp: Fuel Filter Failed

Table 6.


Fuel Filter Restriction Sensor (FFRS)Lamp

Yellow lamp Indicates that the fuelfilter is restricted and needs to beserviced. May illuminate at the sametime as the Malfunction IndicatorLamp (MIL) and Amber WarningLamp (AWL).

Service soon.



• Fuel filter needs service.

Water-in-Fuel Lamp (WIF)

Table 7.


Water-In-Fuel (WIF) Lamp Yellow lamp indicates that the fuelwater separator has reached itscapacity and needs to be drained.

Engine water separator must bedrained or an engine derate willoccur.



• Water separator has reached it maximum capacity.

12 Instrument Panel Lamps


13 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Level Warning Lamps

13.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Level Warning LampsA four light bar segment indicates the Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) level in 25% increments. Low DEF levels will trigger adecrease in the engine's performance. The use of improper DEF fluid will trigger a decrease in the engine's performance. Inan empty or an ignored state and the diesel fuel tank is filled without filling the DEF tank, the vehicle's speed will be limitedto 5 mph until DEF is detected in the DEF tank.

Figure 1. Driver Card



14 Maintenance

14.1 MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables - 93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4)

NOTE: DFS 93K223(FA-4) oils should not be used in an MBE900 EuroV engine.

NOTE: Refer to DTNAConnect.com for most current information.

DFS 93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4) Oil Service Interval Definitions (applies to the following tables):

Long Haul Applies to vehicles that travel more than 100,000 kilometers annually, with an average fuel economy greater than2.6 km/l, with load factor up to 44%, idle time up to 20%.

Examples: Long distance road service (interstate transport), minimum stop operation and city start.

Short Haul Applies to vehicles that travel annually from 48,000 to 100,000 kilometers, with average fuel economy between2.2 and 2.5 km / l, with load factor greater than or equal to 45%, idle time between 25% -30%.

Examples: operation mainly in cities and densely populated areas, local transport with intermittent road trips, high percentageof stoppage and start operation.

Severe Applies to vehicles that travel annually up to 48,000 kilometers or that operate under severe conditions, with averagefuel economy up to 2.1 km/l, load factor greater than 55%, idle time greater than 35%.

Examples:

• operating on roads that are unpaved or extremely damaged• operating in an environment with a high accumulation of dust• operating with constant exposure to extreme heat, cold, salt-air or other extreme climates• operating on frequent trips of short distances• operating on construction sites or farms

Table 8.MBE 900: Maintenance Intervals

(Note: Up to 50 ppm Sulfur Fuel is acceptable for this application.)

EuroV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved OilsDFS 93K223(FA-4) oils should not be used in an MBE900 EuroV engine

ComponentLong Haul †

Greater than2.6 km/l*** (6.0 to6.9 mpg)

Short Haul †2.2 to 2.5 km/l*** (5.1 to 5.9

mpg)

Severe †Up to 2.1 km/l*** (Up to 5.0

mpg)

Oil Filter Replace every 60,000 km Replace every 45,000 km, 800hrs or 12 months †

Replace every 30,000 km, 500hrs or 12 months †

Lubricating Oil Replace every 60,000 km Replace every 45,000 km, 800hrs or 12 months †


Engine Fuel Filter * Replace every 60,000 km Replace every 45,000 km, 800hrs or 12 months †


Engine Fuel Filter * w/ Frame-Mounted Filter

Replace every 60,000 km Replace every 45,000 km, 800hrs or 12 months †


Frame Mounted Fuel Filters ‡ Replace every 60,000 km Replace every 45,000 km, 800hrs or 12 months †


Valve Lash Adjustment Adjust at first oil change, and then every other oil change thereafter.

Coolant - Standard Life

Maintain every 60,000 km or 12monthsReplace every 480,000 km or 24months

Maintain every 45,000 km, 800hrs or 6 months †Replace every 450,000 km or 24months

Maintain every 30,000 km, 500hrs or 3 months †Replace every 450,000 km or 24months

14 Maintenance


Coolant - Extended Life

Maintain every 120,000 km or 12monthsReplace every 960,000 km or 48months

Maintain every 90,000 km, 1,600hrs or 12 months †Replace every 900,000 km or 48months

Maintain every 60,000 km, 1,000hrs or 12 months †Replace every 900,000 km or 48months

Belts Inspect at oil changeReplace every180,000 kmInspect at Oil ChangeReplace every 135,000 km

Inspect at Oil ChangeReplace every 90,000 km

Air System Inspect at oil change Inspect at oil change Inspect at oil change

Air Cleaner See vehicle maintenance schedule

Exhaust System Inspect at oil change Inspect at oil change Inspect at oil change

Air Compressor Inspect at oil change Inspect at oil change Inspect at oil change

DEF Pump Filter Replace every 650,000 km Replace every 475,000 km Replace every 325,000 km

- †Whichever comes first.- *Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals, or when the "Fuel Filter Service Lamp" activates on thedashboard. For maximum life of fuel system components, it is not recommended to exceed 160k miles on engine fuel filters under anycondition.- ***Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)- ‡Currently, only Detroit™ Fuel Filter/Water Separator & Davco 482/485/487 are the only frame-mounted filtration systems compatible forDetroit™ Engines.- Refer to "Routine Preventive Maintenance" and "How to Procedures" for a description of all items.

14.2 Scheduled IntervalsAll service intervals and maintenance operations are based on the parts and accessories expressly approved for your engine.

The scope and frequency of maintenance work are determined by the engine's operating conditions: severe duty, short haul,long haul or operating hours vs. fuel consumption (oil drain interval only).

Evidence of regular maintenance is essential if a warranty claim has to be submitted.

If optional equipment is installed, be sure to comply with the maintenance requirements for these extra items.

Important: If the engine is stored for more than 18 months, the oil must be changed before the engine can be brought intoservice.

Maintenance Schedule Types

There are five types of maintenance schedule:

• Schedule I (Severe Service)• Schedule II (Short Haul)• Schedule III (Long Haul)• Operating Hours vs. Fuel Consumption (Oil Drain Interval Only)

To determine which schedule to use, find the distance traveled by the vehicle in a year, regardless of vehicle type.

Severe Service

Applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 100,000 kilometers (60,000 miles) or that operate under severe conditions.Examples of Severe Service usage include: operation on extremely poor roads or where there is heavy dust accumulation;constant exposure to extreme hot, cold, salt-air, or other extreme climates; frequent short-distance travel; construction-siteoperation; city operation (fire truck, garbage truck); or farm operation.

Short-Haul

Applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 100,000 kilometers (60,000 miles) and operate under normal conditions.Examples of Short-Haul usage are: operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas; local transport with infrequentfreeway travel; or high percentage of stop-and-go travel.

Long-Haul



Long Haul (over-the-road transport) is for vehicles that annually travel more than 100,000 kilometers (60,000 miles), withminimal city or stop-and-go operation. Examples of Long-Haul usage are: regional delivery that is mostly freeway miles;interstate transport; or any road operation with high annual mileage.

Operating Hours vs. Fuel Consumption (Oil Drain Interval Only)

Operating hours vs. fuel consumption is for operators who want an oil drain interval based on hours of operation instead ofmiles traveled.

Maintenance Schedule and Interval Operations

The three different schedules of vehicle usage (severe, short haul, and long haul) are listed. Refer to section "MBE 900EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables - 93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4)". For each schedule, the appropriate distanceinterval (in miles and kilometers) is given for performing and repeating each maintenance operation.

The descriptions of all maintenance operations, indicating all maintenance operation sets at which each operation must beperformed are listed; Refer to section "MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables - 93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4)"

Maintenance Intervals

The three maintenance interval tables show which maintenance operation must be performed at the actual distances (in milesor kilometers) for each maintenance operation (M1-M3). The schedule of actual distances is based on the intervals listed,Refer to section "MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables - 93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4)".

The maintenance interval tables are:

• Maintenance Interval Table, Severe Service, Refer to section "MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables -93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4)"

• Maintenance Interval Table, Short Haul, Refer to section "MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables -93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4)"

• Maintenance Interval Table, Long Haul, Refer to section "MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables -93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4)"

14.3 Schedule UseBefore placing your new vehicle in service, determine the correct maintenance intervals that apply to your intended use of thevehicle. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule Table to determine the distance interval at which each maintenance operationmust be performed to comply with your vehicle's schedule. A detailed description of maintenance operations can be foundlater in this section

When the vehicle reaches the actual distance given for an interval, refer to the Maintenance Interval Tables to find theMaintenance Operation Set that applies to that interval. Then perform the maintenance operations listed in the applicableMaintenance Interval Operation Table.

Complete each Maintenance Operation Set at the required interval. For example, when you have completed MaintenanceOperation Set M3 under the 16th maintenance number listed in the Maintenance Interval Table, repeat the pattern. For the17th maintenance, do Maintenance Operation Set M1, under the first maintenance number listed in the Maintenance IntervalTable.

Note: For Severe Service, the pattern repeats after 15 maintenance numbers, not 16 (as for Short Haul and Long Haul).

14.4 Required Maintenance OperationsThe following sections describe the required maintenance operations listed in Table "Required Maintenance Operations Sets,Schedule I" and "Required Maintenance Operations Sets, Schedule II and III".

Inspect the engine as follows:

• Visually check the engine for signs of leakage. A slight dampness at the sealing points is no cause for alarm.

NOTE: More severe leaks, combined with a continual loss of oil, must be corrected without delay.

14 Maintenance


• Visually inspect all lines and hoses. Listen for any sound of leaking. Make sure all pipes and hoses are undamaged,correctly positioned to avoid chafing, and properly secured.

Valve Lash Checking and Adjusting

Visually inspect all lines and hoses. Listen for any sound of leaking. Make sure all pipes and hoses are undamaged, correctlypositioned to avoid chafing, and properly secured.

The special tool listed in is required for this procedure.

Table 9.Service Tools Used in the Procedure

Tool Number Tool Name Tool Graphic

J-46392 Engine Cranking Tool

Gaining Access to the Valves

Gain access to the valves as follows:

NOTE: Clean the cylinder head cover before removing it.

1. Remove the cylinder head cover.

2. Remove the inspection cover on the timing case.3. Fit the cranking device into the inspection hole on the timing case.



4. Select a method for adjusting the valve lash for the valve layout on both four- and six-cylinder engines. There are twoacceptable methods for adjusting valve lash:• In order, according to the timing sequence used for fuel injection ("Method One")• By type of valve, depending on crankshaft position ("Method Two")

14.4.1 Method One: Adjust Each Cylinder In Firing OrderMethod One allows you to adjust each cylinder in the order in which fuel is injected. The crankshaft must be repositionedafter each cylinder is adjusted.

1. For each cylinder, use the cranking device to rotate the crankshaft until the piston is exactly at top dead center (TDC)in the compression stroke. The valves must be closed and it must be possible to turn the push rods without effort.

NOTE: When the piston in cylinder #1 is at ignition TDC, the valves of cylinder #6 (cylinder #4 on the four-cylinderengine) will overlap, meaning that both intake and exhaust valves are partially open, and show no measurableplay when tested with a feeler gauge.

2. Check each valve and adjust it (if necessary), using the procedures under the headings "Checking Valve Lash" and"Adjusting Valve Lash" in this section.

Table 10.Valve Adjustment- Method One

Engine CrankshaftPosition

Cylinders

4-cylinder IgnitionSequence

1 3 4 2 NA NA

Valve Overlap 4 2 1 3 NA NA

6-cylinder IgnitionSequence

1 5 3 6 2 4

Valve Overlap 6 2 4 1 5 3

14.4.2 Method Two: Adjust All Valves Using Two Crankshaft PositionsMethod two allows you to adjust all the valves using just two crankshaft positions.

1. Using the cranking device, turn the crankshaft until cylinder #1 is at the ignition TDC position (all valves are closed)and cylinder #6 (cylinder #4 on the four-cylinder engine) is at the valve overlap position (all valves are open).

2. Check the valves listed in Table "Valve Adjustment - Method Two" in the "Ignition TDC" row and adjust them (ifnecessary), using the procedures under the headings "Checking Valve Lash" and "Adjusting Valve Lash."

3. Using the cranking device, turn the crankshaft until cylinder #6 (cylinder #4 on the four-cylinder engine) is at theignition TDC position (all valves are closed) and cylinder #1 is at the valve overlap position (valves are open).

14 Maintenance


4. Using the same procedure, check the valves in the "Valve Overlap" row and adjust them (if necessary), using theprocedures under the headings "Checking Valve Lash" and "Adjusting Valve Lash."

Table 11.Valve Adjustment- Method Two

Engine Cylinder #1CrankshaftPosition

Cylinders/Valve Types

1 2 3 4 5 6

4-cylinder Ignition TDC Intake/Exhaust

Intake Exhaust -- NA NA

Valve Overlap -- Exhaust Intake Intake/Exhaust

NA NA

6-cylinder Ignition TDC Intake/Exhaust

Intake Exhaust Intake Exhaust --

Valve Overlap -- Exhaust Intake Exhaust Intake Intake/Exhaust

14.4.3 Checking Valve LashCheck valve lash as follows:

1. For each valve, measure the valve lash with a feeler gauge between the rocker arm and valve stem (exhaust valve) orvalve bridge (intake valve). It should be possible to pull the feeler gauge through with no more than light resistance.

2. If the value measured is within the range listed in Table "Valve Lash Checking and Adjustment" in the "Check For"column, check the next valve.

3. If the value measured is within the range listed in Table "Valve Lash Checking and Adjustment" in the "Check For"column, check the next valve.

14.4.4 Adjusting Valve LashAdjust valve lash as follows:

1. If adjustment is needed, loosen the locknut. See figure below for intake valves and exhaust valves. Use the exactsettings listed in "Valve Lash Checking and Adjustment" table in the "Adjust To" column.



Figure 2. Intake Valves

Figure 3. Exhaust Valves

Table 12.Valve Lash Checking and Adjustment

Valve Type Check For: Adjust to:

Intake 0.30 to 0.60 mm (0.012 to 0.024 in.) 40 mm (0.016 in.)

Exhaust 0.50 to 0.80 mm (0.020 to 0.032 in.) 60 mm (0.024 in.)

2. Turn the adjusting screw until the valve lash is correct using the exact settings listed in "Valve Lash Checking andAdjustment" table, above. Use the range only for checking adjustment.

3. Tighten the locknut 25 N·m (18 lb·ft ).4. Check the valve lash again. Adjust again if necessary.

14.4.5 Restoring The Vehicle To Operating ConditionRestore to operating condition as follows:

1. Install the cylinder head cover. Refer to section "Removal of the Cylinder Head Cover".2. Remove the cranking device from the inspection hole in the timing case.3. Replace the end cover on the inspection hole and tighten the bolts 25 N·m (18 lb·ft).

14 Maintenance


14.5 Fuel Prefilter Element CleaningClean the fuel prefilter element as follows:

1. Open the fuel filler cap to release pressure in the fuel system. Replace and tighten the cap.2. Clean the outside of the prefilter housing. Keep fuel away from hoses or pipes located beneath the filter

Figure 4. Cylinder Head Cover

Figure 5. Fuel Filters3. Unscrew the cap on the fuel prefilter. Pull the cap and filter element out of the prefilter housing.4. Clean the cap and the filter element. If the filter element is heavily soiled or damaged, replace it.5. Check the O-ring on the cap and replace it if necessary.6. Insert the filter element into the prefilter housing and screw the cap onto the housing. Tighten the cap 25 N·m (18

lb·ft ).



Figure 6. Fuel Prefilter

NOTICE: Correct torque on the high pressure lines is critical. Incorrect torques could result in leaks or lack ofpower due to restricted fuel flow.

7. To bleed the fuel system, make sure that all high-pressure lines have been tightened to 25 N·m (18 lb·ft) and all banjobolts to 40 N·m (30 lb·ft).

8. If equipped with a hand pump on the fuel/water separator, work the hand pump 50 times.9. Crank the engine for 30 seconds at a time, but no longer. Before cranking the engine again, wait at least two minutes.

The engine should start within four 30-second attempts.

14.6 Main Fuel Filter Element ChangingChange the main fuel filter element as follows:

1. Open the vehicle fuel tank filler cap to release pressure in the fuel system. Replace and tighten the cap.2. Clean the outside of the fuel filter housing. See figure below.3. Using a 36-mm socket wrench insert, unscrew the cap on the fuel filter and remove it, along with the filter element.

Pull both the cap and the filter element a short distance out of the filter housing. See figure below. Allow the fuel todrain off the filter into the housing.

4. Remove the cap with the filter element. To release the filter element, twist the lower edge of the filter element to oneside.

NOTICE: To prevent damage to the filter housing, do not allow dirt to get into the filter housing. Do not empty thedirt collector into the filter case.

5. Pull the dirt collector out of the filter housing using the tabs on either side.

14 Maintenance


Figure 7. Main Fuel Filter6. Clean the cap and the dirt collector.7. Replace the O-ring.8. Install the new filter element in the cap. Make sure the filter element is securely in place.9. Insert the dirt collector into the filter housing. Make sure the dirt collector is positioned properly in the filter housing.

10. Screw on the cap with the filter element. Tighten the cap 25 N·m (18 lb·ft).

NOTICE: Correct torque on the high pressure lines is critical. Incorrect torques could result in leaks or lack ofpower due to restricted fuel flow.

11. To bleed the fuel system, make sure that all high-pressure lines have been tightened to 25 N·m (18 lb·ft) and all banjobolts to 40 N·m (30 lb·ft).

12. If equipped with a hand pump on the fuel/water separator, work the hand pump 50 times.13. Crank the engine for 30 seconds at a time, but no longer . Before cranking the engine again, wait at least two minutes.

The engine should start within four 30-second attempts.14. Start the engine. Check the fuel filter for leaks.

14.7 Engine Oil and Filter Changing

WARNING: FIRE

To avoid injury from fire, keep open flames, sparks, electrical resistance heating elements, or otherpotential ignition sources away when draining lubrication oil. Do not smoke when draininglubricating oil.

NOTE: Select the SAE class (viscosity) on the basis of the average air temperature for the season. View thetemperature ranges for the various SAE classes as guidelines which can be exceeded for only a short time.



Figure 8. SAE Oil Viscosity ClassesTo insure the engine is protected and the oil stays clean until the next oil change, use only oils of API classification CI4.

The six-cylinder EGR engines have an oil centrifuge and an oil filter. Non-EGR engines have only an oil filter.

NOTICE: Both the primary lube oil filter (front of engine) and the oil centriguge cartridge (side of engine) must bereplaced at each oil drain interval.

Change the oil filter as follows:

1. Chock the tires, place the transmission in neutral, and set the parking brake.

NOTE: Change the engine oil only when the engine is at an operating temperature of approximately 82°C(180°F).

2. Using a 36-mm socket, unscrew the oil filter cap.

Figure 9. Oil Filter Cap3. Place a suitable receptacle beneath the oil drain plug on the underside of the oil pan. Carefully unscrew the oil drain

plug on the oil pan and allow the oil to drain out. Discard the O-ring on the oil drain plug.

14 Maintenance


Figure 10. Engine Oil Drain Plug, Oil Pan4. Remove both the filter cap and the filter element. To release the filter element, twist the lower edge of the filter

element to the side.

Figure 11. Cap with Oil Filter Element

NOTICE: To prevent damage to the filter housing, ensure that no foreign objects get inside it. Do not wipe cleanthe filter housing.

5. Replace the O-ring on the cap. See figure above.6. Install the new filter into the cap. Make sure the filter element is securely in place.7. Screw the cap onto the oil filter housing. Tighten the cap 25 N·m (18 lb·ft).8. Install the oil drain plug, using a new O-ring. Tighten the plug 65 N·m (48 lb·ft).9. Add new engine oil through the oil fill.



Figure 12. Oil Fill



NOTE: Engine oil fill capacity with a standard oil pan for the six-cylinder engine is 30.6 quarts (29.0 L). For thefour-cylinder engine with a standard oil pan, fill capacity is 16.7quarts (15.8 L).

10. Fill until the maximum fill level on the oil dipstick has been reached. Do not overfill.

NOTICE: Keep the engine running at idling speed until an oil pressure reading is obtained. If no oil pressure isshown after approximately 10 seconds, stop the engine and determine the cause. Failure to do so could result inengine damage.

11. Start the engine with the accelerator pedal in the idle position. Monitor the oil pressure gauge.12. Check the filter and oil drain plug for signs of leakage.13. Stop the engine.14. Check the oil level again after approximately five minutes. If necessary, add oil up to the maximum fill level on the oil

dipstick. Do not overfill.

14.7.1 Oil CentrifugeThe MBE six-cylinder engines (906/926) have an oil centrifuge.

NOTICE: Both the primary lube oil filter (front of engine) and the oil centriguge cartridge (side of engine) must bereplaced at each oil drain interval.

Change the oil centrifuge cartridge as follows:

1. Remove the cover of the oil centrifuge.

14 Maintenance


Figure 13. Oil Centrifuge2. Lift out the dirty cartridge and replace it with a clean one.

Figure 14. Centrifuge Cartdirge3. Replace the centrifuge cover, tighten the cap 40 Nm (30 lb·ft).

14.8 Coolant Concentration CheckingCheck coolant concentration as follows:



1. Open the cap on the surge tank slowly, to allow excess pressure to escape. Set the cap aside.

NOTE: Check and correct the coolant level only when the coolant temperature is below 50°C (122°F).

NOTE: Concentrations of more than 55% by volume should not be used, as this is the level which affords themaximum antifreeze protection, down to -45°C (-49°F). Higher concentrations adversely affect heat dissipation.

2. Before adding coolant, use a suitable tester to check the concentration of corrosion-inhibiting antifreeze. If theconcentration is lower than 50% by volume, drain coolant/add antifreeze until the concentration is correct. The coolantmixing ratio is listed in the "Coolant Mixing Ratio" table.



Table 13.Coolant Mixing Ratio

Antifreeze Protection Down to: Water Percentage by Volume Corrosion-Inhibiting Antifreeze Percentageby Volume

-37°C (-47°F) 50 50

-45°C (-49°F) 45 Maximum 55

NOTICE: If the concentration of antifreeze is too low, there is a risk of corrosion or cavitation in the coolingsystem.

NOTE: When topping off, use only a pre-prepared coolant mixture containing a 50% concentration by volume ofcorrosion-inhibiting antifreeze.

3. Check the coolant level and add more coolant if necessary.4. Close and tighten the cap on the surge tank.

14.9 Coolant Flushing and Changing



Flush and change the coolant as follows:

1. Open the cap on the surge tank slowly, to allow excess pressure to escape. Set the cap aside.2. Open the water regulating valve for the heating system.3. Drain the coolant from the engine. Coolant system capacity is listed in the "Coolant System Capacity" table below.

a. Place a receptacle underneath the coolant drain plug. Choose one that is large enough to hold the expectedquantity of coolant.

14 Maintenance


Figure 15. Coolant Drain Plugb. Open the coolant drain plug on the bottom of the radiator.

NOTICE: When flushing the radiator, do not apply more than 140 kPa (20 psi) air pressure. Excessive pressurecan damage the radiator or heater core.

4. Flush the radiator, then attach a flushing gun nozzle to the radiator outlet.a. Run water in until the radiator is full.

WARNING: EYE INJURY

To avoid injury from flying debris when using compressed air, wear adequate eye protection (faceshield or safety goggles) and do not exceed 276 kPa (40 psi) air pressure.

b. Apply no more than 140kPa (20 psi) air pressure intermittently to help dislodge sediment buildup in the core.5. Drain the radiator, and flush the radiator until clean water flows from the radiator. Remove the flushing gun.6. When the coolant has drained, install the coolant drain plug on the radiator.7. Add coolant in the specified concentration until the maximum mark on the surge tank is reached. Coolant system

capacity is listed below.

Table 14.Coolant System Capacity

Description 4-Cylinder 6-Cylinder

Engine Coolant Capacity (all vehicles) L (Qt)

Engine capacity 8 (8.5) 12 (12.7)

Business Class Coolant System Capacity L (Qt)

Total capacity 19.8 (21) 23.6 (25)

Antifreeze quantity at 50% 9.9 (10.5) 11.8 (12.5)

Antifreeze quantity at 55% 10.8 (11.5) 13.1 (13.8)

8. Start the engine and run it for about one minute at varying speeds to release air pockets in the cooling system. Makesure the heater valve is still open. Check the coolant level and add more coolant if necessary.

9. Shut down the engine.10. Add coolant if necessary.



14.10 Cooling System Inspecting



NOTE: Before doing this inspection, make sure to do either maintenance operation, "Coolant ConcentrationChecking," or maintenance operation, "Coolant Flushing and Changing."

Inspect the cooling system as follows:

1. Inspect the radiator, the condenser, the coolant pump, the engine oil cooler, the freeze plugs, and the heat exchangerfor damage and leaks.

2. Check all pipes and hoses in the cooling system for damage and leaks. Make sure all pipes and hoses are properlypositioned to avoid chafing, and are securely fastened.

3. Check the outside of the radiator and condenser for blockage by dirt or debris. Make sure the fins are not damaged,and straighten them if necessary.

14 Maintenance


15 How to Procedures

This section covers the Detroit™ recommendations on how to select lubricating oil, diesel fuel, and coolant. Also includedare basic engine maintenance procedures which can be performed by the operator.

NOTICE: The manufacturer’s warranty applicable to the engine provides in part that the provisions of suchwarranty shall not apply to any engine unit that has been subject to misuse, negligence or accident. Accordingly,malfunctions attributable to neglect or failure to follow the manufacturer’s fuel or lubricating recommendationsmay not be within the coverage of the warranty.

15.1 How to Select Lubricating OilRefer to DDC-SVC-BRO-0001for more information.

Detroit Fluids Specification (DFS) DFS 93K223 (API FA-4) or DFS 93K222 (API CK-4) oils are recommended for usein the engine.

For optimal fuel economy, use DFS 93K223 approved API FA-4 engine oil.

15.2 How to Replace the Lubricating Oil and Oil FilterThe oil filter is an integral part of the lubrication system. Proper filter selection and maintenance are important to satisfactoryengine performance and service life. The filter should be used to maintain a clean system, not to clean up a contaminatedsystem. The maintenance intervals for the appropriate duty cycle are listed in tables in this manual.

Change the oil and replace the lubricating oil filter as follows:

NOTE: If the used oil was contaminated by fuel or coolant, it may be necessary to take the vehicle to a certifiedDetroit Service Center. The Service Center may drain the oil and then remove the oil pan, oil pump, and oil pumpintake manifold to drain the remaining oil held back by the backflow valve. It is important to remove allcontaminated oil from the engine.

NOTE: Change the engine oil only when the engine oil temperature is approximately 60°C (140°F). Changing coldoil will result in extended drain times.




To avoid injury, never remove any engine component while the engine is running.

1. Place the transmission in neutral, and set the parking brake.

NOTICE: Use care to prevent foreign objects from entering the filter housing.

2. Clean outside of the oil filter housing.

NOTICE: On some chassis models the air filter housing may interfere with removing the oil filter cap and filterelement straight up. If this is the case, loosen or remove the air filter housing to allow for proper oil filter removal.Removing the filter element on an angle may damage the oil filter standpipe or bypass valve.

3. Using a 36-mm socket, unscrew the oil filter cap and filter and allow the oil to drain into the housing. After draining iscomplete, remove the assembly from the housing.

4. Remove the filter element by pressing and twisting the side and detaching it from the cap.5. Remove the oil filter cap O-ring and discard. Lightly coat a new O-ring with clean engine oil and install it on the filter

cap.6. Check the filter housing for any debris and remove if necessary.7. Insert a new filter element into the oil filter cap.

NOTICE: The oil filter bypass valve is very important to the operation of the engine. If the valve becomesdamaged, the oil filter will be bypassed at all times. This allows unfiltered debris to flow throughout the entirelubrication system and may cause severe engine damage.

8. Inspect the oil filter bypass valve (3) in the end of the standpipe (2) in the oil filter housing. See illustration below. Abroken bypass valve (1) is shown on the right. Repair as necessary.

15 How to Procedures


NOTICE: On some chassis models the air filter housing may interfere with installing the oil filter cap and filterelement straight into the housing. If this is the case, loosen or remove the air filter housing to allo

Documents

EuroV MBE 900 Operators Manual - Freightliner Trucks · 2021. 1. 7. · Throughout this manual CAUTIONS and WARNINGS regarding personal safety and NOTICES regarding engine performance