Europe between600 and 1450

Ch 10 in Strayer’s Ways of the WorldUnited or Divided?

Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire in

476

What’s going on in Europe, East Asia, Middle East, the Americas and Africa during this time?

Byzantine Empire330 - 1453

•Politically -

• centralized under an Emperor who ruled through his bureaucracy

• strong army, navy and merchant fleet

• Emperor Justinian (r 527 - 565)

Constantine moves capitol to East - Ottomans sack Constantinople

Charlemagne - King of the Franks

Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

Pope Crowned Pope Crowned CharlemagneCharlemagne

Holy Roman Emperor: Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800Dec. 25, 800

Feudal kings were. . .

WEAK and

popes and nobles became very powerful

Byzantine Economy

• involved in long-distance trade• exported luxury products like jewelry purple dyes and silk• gold coins, the bezant, was a widely used currency in Mediterranean trade• negative effect of trade: Plague of Justinian 541-542

Early Medieval Period

Germanic Kingdoms are facing threat of invasions by

Magyars, Vikings and Muslims

Feudalism

Study p 439 mapin your textbook.

Collapse of Charlemagne’s

Empire+

Outside invasions =Feudal Era

FeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

Manoralism = life in manorsThe new economy of Western Europe = self-

sufficient farmsNo trade in Western EuropeMedieval Castle

serfs at work

medieval knights protect

Cultural AchievementsBody of Civil LawBody of Civil Law

Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) a/k/a

Justinian Code of Laws:

• a collection of Roman laws

• will be preserved and reintroduced to Europe

• it forms the basis of our laws

• example: innocent until proven guilty

Domed BuildingsDomed Buildings

Hagia Sophia

Architectural Styles of Medieval Europe

RomanesqueGothic Cathedrals

Medieval Castles

Roman Catholic ChurchLatin Church

filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.

monasticism: St. Benedict – Benedictine

Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

provided schools for the children of the upper class.

inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.

libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.

monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

A medieval monastery

An illuminated manuscript

Cyril and Methodius

Introduced Christianity to the Slavic people of Central Europe and Russia.Developed an alphabet based on Greek letters to write the Slavic language This alphabet will become the Cyrillic alphabet used in Russia.Main points: Spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity and a writing system base on Greek letters to Central Europe and Russia.

The Beginning of Russia

9th century:Kiev, Russia along theDnieper River.Vikings - Varangians.Develops due to trade between Scandinavia and Byzantine Empire along the Dnieper River.

What’s next for Russia?

Mongol rule of Russia = Mongols invade Kievan Rus.The Golden Horde.Russian princes allowed to stay in power as long as they paid tribute to the Mongol ruler. Moscow princes are in charge of collecting tribute for the Mongols.They became vassals of the Mongols.

1200’s - 1400’s

Russian under the Tartar yoke

See map on p 439 in your textbook.

So. . . how did the Byzantine Empire influence Russia?1. Spread Christianity - Eastern Orthodox Christianity

a. use of icons in the churchb. monasticism - or monastic life

2. Introduced a written alphabet3. architectural style

Byzantine:

Russian:

Meanwhile in Western Europe. . .

•Early Middle Ages 500 - 1000 - Feudalism

•High Middle Ages 1000 - 1200 - Transition period - coming out of Feudalism

•Late Middle Ages 1200 - 1500 - Showing signs of the early modern era.

Medieval Knights: vassals of the lord

Road to Knighthood

Code of Chivalry

Crusades begin 1095Pope Urban II

The Great Schism 1054

Christianity DividesRoman Catholic ChurchWestern, Latin Church

vs.Eastern OrthodoxGreek Church

Two Major European Events

Main impact of the Crusades: It willspark European interest in the outside world and a renewed interest in TRADE.

Bubonic Plague

How did the Bubonic Plague help speed up the end of Feudalism in Western Europe?

nobility peasants towns monarchs

Something else that’s new in

Europe:

University of BolognaUniversity of Oxford

University of Toulouse

What’s next for Europe?15th century:

•Rise of strong monarchs and nation-states in Western Europe: England, Spain, France

•Weakening of the Catholic Church

•Renaissance in Italy

•Exploration and Colonization of the Americas