Eurogas statistical report 2013

statisticalreport 2 13

1 FOREWORD

2 1: PRimaRy EnERgy COnsumPtiOn

4 2: Final EnERgy COnsumPtiOn

5 3: inlanD DElivERiEs OF natuRal gas

6 4: natuRal gas suPPliEs

7 5: lng imPORts

8 6: stORagE FaCilitiEs

8 7: natuRal gas inDustRy in FiguREs

9 8: natuRal gas REsERvEs

10 9: ExPECtatiOns FOR 2013

11 10: thE EuROPEan natuRal gas gRiD in 2013

12 aPPEnDix

Contents

StatiStiCal RepoRt 2 13 1

Dear Reader,

I am pleased to introduce this year’s Eurogas Statistical Report and to summarise its main findings. We are happy to know that this report is appreciated for the information that it provides and the soundness of the data collection on which it is based. It is our endeavour to keep up this standard.

In view of the EU moving towards a low-carbon energy system, 2012 was, for the second year running, both an encouraging and a disappointing year. On the positive side, the use of renewable energy sources other than hydro in primary energy consumption rose by 11%, compared with 2011. On the negative side, the use of gas declined by 2%, whereas that of higher carbon solid fossil fuels rose by 2%. Even though total gas demand rose in some countries, the continuing economic crisis and the low use of gas in the power sector took their toll on overall gas consumption in 2012.

On average, energy use per capita in the EU Member States continues to be slightly lower than that of Japan and substantially lower than that of the United States of America.

In power generation, gas consumption experienced a slump in demand of 17% in 2012. On a positive note, although transport only made up 0.4% of natural gas sales, the volumes delivered continued to increase.

On the gas production side, gas supplies from EU Member States continued to account for 33% of total supplies in 2012 and were still the largest source for EU customers, followed by Russia (23%), Norway (22%) and Algeria (9%). Both Norway and Algeria shipped the gas by pipeline and as liquefied natural gas (LNG). Other sources from different parts of the world contributed the remaining 13% nearly all supplying gas by LNG. Factors such as the drop in gas demand and the strong competition for LNG in the global market, especially from Japan, led to a decrease in LNG imports. When considering net gas imports to the EU from non-EU countries, 18% was delivered as LNG.

The statistical data presented in this report has been collated with the assistance of the national gas associations and member companies of Eurogas. Additionally, for a full picture of the European Union, data was kindly provided by the natural gas company from Estonia (EestiGas) and by the Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar for Croatia.

As a consequence of the increasing number of players in the liberalised European natural gas market and cross-border trading, it is proving more difficult to collect energy data on a national basis. The data in this report is based on available national and gas industry information, com-pleted with best estimates, which Eurogas has combined to provide the most comprehensive survey at the time of publication. Where no data was available, own estimates have been produced and supplemented with data from international organisations in order to estimate the EU total. Comments and comparisons between 2012 and 2011 refer to the EU totals.

Members of the Eurogas Statistics and Forecasting Committee have made a substantial contribution to this report. The Eurogas experts are at your disposal to answer any questions that you may have on this report.

Beate Raabe,Secretary General

ForewordBy thE sECREtaRy gEnERal

2 eURoGaS

In 2012, primary energy consumption in the European Union (EU) decreased by 1% compared with 2011, to 1 699 Mtoe. Consumption of natural gas decreased by 2%, oil by 4% and nuclear by 3%, whereas consumption of hydropower increased by 6% and other renewable energy sources by 11%.

The consumption of solid fossil fuels (i.e. coal and peat) increased by 2%, reflecting the price competitiveness of coal throughout 2012.

Primary EnErgy ConsumPtion by FuEl in thE Eu-28, switzErland and turkEy, 2012

sharE oF Primary EnErgy ConsumPtion by FuEl in thE Eu-28, 2011 and 2012

primary energy consumption1

201120120%

50%

34.7 33.5

17.0 17.4

23.4 23.1

13.4 13.2

2.0 2.1

8.7 9.8

0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7

Mtoe Oil Solid fossil fuels

Natural gas

Nuclear electricity

Hydro Other renewables

Electricity net imports

Others total % Change 2012/2011

AUSTRIA 12.1 3.2 7.5 0.0 3.8 6.5 0.2 0.9 34.1 0%

BELGIUM 23.1 2.7 13.8 10.5 0.0 5.7 0.9 0.1 56.8 -2%

BULGARIA 3.8 7.0 2.3 3.6 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 17.7 -7%

CROATIA 3.3 0.6 2.4 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.0 8.0 -5%

CYPRUS 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.3 -5%

CZECH REPUBLIC 9.0 18.9 7.1 7.9 2.5 0.2 -1.5 0.0 44.2 -3%

DENMARK 6.9 2.6 3.5 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.4 0.4 18.1 -4%

ESTONIA 0.5 3.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.8 -0.2 0.0 5.5 -1%

FINLAND 7.8 4.7 2.8 5.7 1.4 7.7 1.5 0.9 32.5 -2%

FRANCE 78.4 10.9 38.0 110.9 7.1 17.1 -3.8 0.0 258.4 0%

GERMANY 108.4 81.5 70.5 25.9 1.9 35.8 -2.0 6.3 328.3 1%

GREECE 11.6 8.2 3.6 0.0 0.4 1.9 0.2 0.0 25.9 -15%

HUNGARY 8.3 2.8 7.7 4.1 0.0 2.0 0.7 0.0 25.6 -6%

IRELAND 6.2 2.3 4.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 13.5 -5%

ITALY 63.6 16.6 61.4 0.0 3.7 23.1 3.7 0.0 172.0 -3%

LATVIA 1.4 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.1 4.5 0%

LITHUANIA 2.5 0.2 2.7 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.6 0.2 7.4 1%

LUXEMBOURG 2.8 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 4.5 -2%

MALTA 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 22%

NETHERLANDS 30.5 8.2 32.8 0.9 0.0 3.2 1.5 1.3 78.5 1%

POLAND 24.3 51.0 13.6 0.0 0.2 8.6 -0.2 0.8 98.1 -3%

PORTUGAL 9.3 2.9 4.0 0.0 0.5 5.1 0.7 0.1 22.6 -4%

ROMANIA 8.8 6.7 11.2 2.6 2.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 32.7 -5%

SLOVAKIA 3.3 3.6 4.4 3.8 0.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 16.7 -2%

SLOVENIA 2.5 1.4 0.7 1.4 0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.0 7.0 -5%

SPAIN 54.1 15.0 28.2 16.0 1.8 14.0 -1.0 0.2 128.3 -1%

SWEDEN 14.6 1.8 1.0 16.1 6.7 13.0 -1.7 0.0 51.6 3%

UNITED KINGDOM 69.6 39.7 66.4 15.2 0.5 9.6 1.0 1.1 203.1 2%

EU-28 569.7 296.4 392.4 224.6 35.6 165.8 2.1 12.4 1 699.0 -1%

% Change 2012/2011 -4% 2% -2% -3% 6% 11% 16% 7% -1%

SWITZERLAND 12.0 0.1 2.9 6.3 3.4 1.4 -0.2 1.3 27.4 2%

TURKEY 36.1 32.2 42.6 0.0 5.0 5.8 0.5 15.0 137.2 4%

Units: million tonnes of oil equivalent (net calorific value).Note: other renewables includes biomass, wind, solar and geothermal energy.

figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.


Primary EnErgy ConsumPtion PEr CaPita and PEr unit oF gdP, 2012

toe PEC/Capita* PEC/GDP**

AUSTRIA 4.06 0.13

BELGIUM 5.12 0.17

BULGARIA 2.41 0.65

CROATIA 1.87 0.22

CYPRUS 2.62 0.15

CZECH REPUBLIC 4.21 0.37

DENMARK 3.25 0.09

ESTONIA 4.15 0.43

FINLAND 6.02 0.19

FRANCE 3.96 0.14

GERMANY 4.01 0.13

GREECE 2.33 0.15

HUNGARY 2.58 0.29

IRELAND 2.93 0.08

ITALY 2.83 0.12

LATVIA 2.21 0.33

LITHUANIA 2.47 0.31

LUXEMBOURG 8.48 0.13

MALTA 2.51 0.19

NETHERLANDS 4.69 0.14

POLAND 2.55 0.30

PORTUGAL 2.15 0.15

ROMANIA 1.63 0.35

SLOVAKIA 3.09 0.33

SLOVENIA 3.40 0.23

SPAIN 2.74 0.14

SWEDEN 5.44 0.15

UNITED KINGDOM 3.20 0.11

EU-28 3.35 0.14

SWITZERLAND 3.49 0.08

TURKEY 1.86 0.27

UNITED STATES 6.77 0.19

JAPAN 3.55 0.12

* Units: tonnes of oil equivalent per capita. Eurostat figures for population.

** Units: tonnes of oil equivalent per thousand euros of GDP. Eurostat figures for GDP (in millions of euro, chain-linked volumes, reference year 2005 at 2005’s exchange rates).

Primary energy use per capita (PEC/Capita) reflects both the geography and the industrial structure of a country. Accordingly, it varies widely among EU Member States. As a result of poor economic growth and of energy efficiency efforts, the average primary energy consumption per capita in the EU in 2012 decreased by 1% to 3.35 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) in comparison with 2011. It has decreased by 8% in comparison with 2007. On average, EU Member States have a slightly lower energy use

per capita than Japan and substantially lower than the USA.

Energy intensity, as measured by PEC per unit of gross domestic product (GDP), is a measure of the energy efficiency of a nation’s economy and indicates the cost of converting energy into GDP. In 2012, the energy intensity in EU Member States decreased by 1% compared with 2011.

sharE oF natural gas in Primary EnErgy ConsumPtion, 2012

23.1%

netherlands

lithuania

romania

italy

united kingdom

turkey

hungary

ireland

latvia

slovakia

croatia

belgium

eu-28

austria

luxembourg

spain

germany

denmark

portugal

france

bulgaria

poland

greece

slovenia

switzerland

finland

estonia

sweden

cyprus

malta

czech republic

50%0%

The primary energy consumption (PEC) of a country is defined as the total gross energy supply (indigenous production plus net imports) before any conversion of primary energy into final energy forms has taken place.

Primary energy consumption includes net energy losses in the production of electricity and synthetic gas, refinery use, and other energy sector uses and losses (i.e. transformation and distribution losses).

For the second year in a row, the share of natural gas fell to 23.1% in comparison with 23.4% in 2011 and 25% in 2010.

4 eURoGaS

In 2011, final energy consumption in the EU decreased by 2% to 1 188 Mtoe compared with 2010. Due to the sluggish economic situation, the final consumption of all fuels decreased, except for the category “others” that includes renewables and heat, which increased by 4%. In 2011, natural gas use in final energy consumption decreased by 8%, oil products by 1%, solid fossil fuels by 3% and electricity by 2%.

Natural gas is still the second fuel used in final energy consumption with a share of 22%, ahead of electricity at 20% and behind oil products which remain the largest component of final energy consumption with a share of 42%.

Final EnErgy ConsumPtion by FuEl in thE Eu-28, switzErland and turkEy, 2011

sharE oF Final EnErgy ConsumPtion by FuEl in thE Eu-28, 2010 and 2011

201020110%

50%

41.3

4.44.5

21.622.920.420.3

11.811.1

41.9

The final energy consumption (FEC) is calculated from the sectoral use of energy, for which reliable data is available with a significant time lag. The FEC figures are shown for 2011. FEC is equivalent to PEC but excludes net energy losses from the production of electricity and synthetic gas, refinery use and other energy sector uses and losses (i.e. transformation and distribution losses). The major part of the difference can be attributed to the conversion of primary fuels into electricity.

Mtoe Oil products

Solid fossil fuels

Natural gas

Electricity Others total % Change 2011/2010

AUSTRIA 9.9 0.4 4.4 5.2 6.0 26.0 -2%

BELGIUM 21.7 1.4 14.9 7.1 1.8 46.9 6%

BULGARIA 3.1 0.5 1.5 2.4 2.1 9.6 6%

CROATIA 3.0 0.1 1.6 1.4 0.7 6.7 -2%

CYPRUS 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 1.7 -4%

CZECH REPUBLIC 7.0 4.7 5.8 4.7 3.5 25.7 -4%

DENMARK 6.7 0.1 1.7 2.7 4.2 15.4 1%

ESTONIA 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.0 2.7 -3%

FINLAND 8.9 0.8 1.3 8.7 6.6 26.3 1%

FRANCE 75.7 5.4 30.7 36.3 12.9 161.1 1%

GERMANY 77.4 11.5 48.7 44.8 29.7 212.1 -5%

GREECE 12.6 0.3 0.9 4.2 1.7 19.7 -5%

HUNGARY 5.8 0.4 6.2 3.0 2.3 17.7 -2%

IRELAND 6.6 0.6 1.6 2.1 0.3 11.2 -4%

ITALY 60.4 4.5 39.2 26.0 4.9 134.9 -3%

LATVIA 1.5 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.6 4.1 -5%

LITHUANIA 1.8 0.2 1.6 0.7 1.6 5.9 9%

LUXEMBOURG 2.9 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.2 4.3 0%

MALTA 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 9%

NETHERLANDS 28.5 2.0 19.3 10.1 16.5 76.4 9%

POLAND 22.9 11.8 10.4 10.5 11.9 67.4 -3%

PORTUGAL 8.3 0.0 1.5 4.2 2.9 16.9 -5%

ROMANIA 7.2 0.7 7.0 3.7 5.3 23.9 1%

SLOVAKIA 2.5 0.9 2.5 2.1 1.2 9.3 -7%

SLOVENIA 2.5 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.8 5.0 -1%

SPAIN 43.7 1.9 14.1 20.6 5.8 86.1 -6%

SWEDEN 9.5 1.3 0.5 10.8 10.7 32.9 -3%

UNITED KINGDOM 65.4 2.4 39.1 27.3 3.7 137.9 -8%

EU-28 497.7 52.4 256.2 242.0 139.9 1 188.2 -2%

% Change 2011/2010 -1% -3% -8% -2% 4% -2%

SWITZERLAND 10.9 0.1 2.5 5.0 1.8 20.3 -7%

TURKEY 28.2 26.5 40.0 19.8 0.0 114.5 48%

Units: million tonnes of oil equivalent (net calorific value).Note: figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.

Final energy consumption2


In 2012, total gas consumption in the European Union has witnessed a decline for the second year running, with demand in power generation affected most. Natural gas demand from 2011 to 2012 decreased by 2%, to 5 061 TWh. Although the natural gas markets vary significantly across Europe, some general trends by sector can be distinguished for most of the EU Member States.

In the residential and commercial sector, lower temperatures during the heating season and the cold snap in February 2012 led to an increase in gas demand of 6% compared with 2011, which had been characterised by very mild weather conditions. The higher demand for heating in this sector of the EU somewhat limited the total decline.

In the power sector, the significant drop of 17% in the use of gas to generate electricity can be attributed to the rising generation of electricity from renewables in combination with stagnating power demand, which have reduced the

share of fossil fuels in the total power generation. However, among fossil fuels, coal and lignite have continued to displace gas due to favourable market fundamentals. The increasing competitiveness of coal in the EU is based on decreasing coal prices that are compounded by prices for carbon credits in the EU’s Emission Trading System. These have fallen to new lows over the past year as a result of the economic recession and a weak power demand.

After two years of recovery, industry across the EU-28 in 2012 again displayed a negative development with an average rate of decline in industrial production of -2.1% in comparison with 2011, according to Eurostat. The dip in industrial production contributed to a reduced gas consumption of 1% in the sector.

transport represented only 0.4% of natural gas sales in 2012, but the volumes delivered increased by 6% compared with 2011.

inland salEs oF natural gas in thE Eu-28, switzErland and turkEy, 2012 Eu-28 natural gas salEs by sECtor, 2011 and 2012

Inland deliveries represent deliveries of marketable gas to the inland market, including gas used by the gas industry for heating and operating their equipment, and includes losses in distribution.

inland deliveriesof natural gas3

41

31

25

0.4 3

37

31

29

0.4 3

100%

100%

2012

2011

TWh Residential & commercial

Industry Powerplants

Transport Others uses

total inland sales

% Change 2012/2011

AUSTRIA 27.4 34.2 22.6 0.1 11.6 95.9 -5%

BELGIUM 62.0 57.5 46.9 0.1 12.4 178.8 1%

BULGARIA 1.1 15.2 10.8 0.6 1.9 29.6 -8%

CROATIA 8.3 10.2 7.8 0.0 4.8 31.2 -6%

CYPRUS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

CZECH REPUBLIC 38.8 45.8 0.0 0.1 1.6 86.3 1%

DENMARK 10.7 9.5 5.8 0.0 11.4 37.5 -8%

ESTONIA 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.0 5.0 6.8 4%

FINLAND 0.9 19.0 18.9 0.1 0.0 38.8 -10%

FRANCE 282.7 146.8 48.3 1.3 13.3 492.4 4%

GERMANY 393.2 368.0 135.0 2.8 10.1 909.1 1%

GREECE 5.4 9.5 32.0 0.2 0.0 47.1 -8%

HUNGARY 34.6 41.5 26.6 0.0 4.5 107.4 -10%

IRELAND 13.0 6.2 32.6 0.0 0.8 52.6 -3%

ITALY 330.0 166.4 265.7 9.6 21.0 792.6 -4%

LATVIA 3.3 2.2 9.7 0.0 0.0 15.2 -6%

LITHUANIA 2.8 18.3 12.7 0.0 0.4 34.2 -2%

LUXEMBOURG 4.5 3.4 5.8 0.0 0.0 13.7 2%

MALTA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

NETHERLANDS 211.7 141.5 65.0 0.0 8.0 426.2 -4%

POLAND 68.1 66.7 16.5 3.3 22.4 176.9 6%

PORTUGAL 6.5 31.3 11.9 0.0 0.4 50.1 -13%

ROMANIA 44.3 52.9 34.3 0.0 13.1 144.7 -4%

SLOVAKIA 20.5 18.2 11.6 0.1 4.8 55.3 -4%

SLOVENIA 3.1 4.4 0.6 0.0 0.1 8.3 -6%

SPAIN 48.7 133.6 179.4 0.9 0.0 362.6 -3%

SWEDEN 1.8 5.8 4.7 0.7 0.0 12.9 -14%

UNITED KINGDOM 425.7 166.3 235.9 0.0 27.1 855.0 -5%

EU-28 2 049.8 1 575.0 1 241.5 19.8 174.7 5 060.9 -2%

% Change 2012/2011 6% -1% -17% 6% 10% -2%

SWITZERLAND 21.7 11.0 2.5 0.2 2.4 37.8 10%

TURKEY 122.0 117.4 230.2 0.2 11.5 481.4 4%

Units: terawatt hours (gross calorific value).Note: figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.

6 eURoGaS

In 2012, indigenous production remained the largest source of gas for EU customers, making up 33% of the total supplies. It nevertheless decreased by 7% compared with 2011 to 1712 TWh (159 bcm), due to the low demand and ongoing decline in the mature production basins. The main external sources of supply were Russia at 23%, although

shipping lower volumes of gas by pipeline in comparison with 2011, followed by Norway at 22% and Algeria at 9%, who both supplied pipeline gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Other sources from different parts of the world delivered the balance of 13% nearly all as LNG, including Qatar, which remains Europe’s leading LNG provider.

Natural gas supplies4

natural gas suPPliEs in thE Eu-28, switzErland and turkEy, 2012

brEakdown oF Eu-28 suPPliEs, 2011 and 2012

100%

20122011

100%

norway

algeriaindigenous production

russia

nigeria 3qatar

0.5 libya trinidad tobago 0.8 0.4 peru 0.1 yemen

egypt 0.8

2 others

33

19

24

9

8

norway

algeria indigenous production

russia

nigeria 2 qatar

libya 1trinidad tobago 0.6 0.5 peru

0.4 egypt

2 others

33

22

23

9

6

TWh Indigenous production

Russia Norway Algeria Qatar Other sources*

Changes in stocks**

Others balances

total net supplies

% Change 2012/2011

AUSTRIA 20.2 57.6 14.5 0.0 0.0 10.6 -7.1 0.0 95.9 -5%

BELGIUM 0.0 0.6 65.9 0.0 29.9 84.5 -1.7 -0.5 178.8 1%

BULGARIA 3.5 26.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 -1.5 29.6 -8%

CROATIA 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.6 -1.5 0.0 31.2 -64%

CYPRUS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

CZECH REPUBLIC 1.7 49.6 9.6 0.0 0.0 18.2 7.5 -0.2 86.3 1%

DENMARK 67.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -24.4 2.3 -7.6 37.5 -8%

ESTONIA 0.0 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 4%

FINLAND 0.0 38.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.8 -11%

FRANCE 5.8 78.8 210.1 45.9 20.8 125.5 9.9 -4.4 492.4 4%

GERMANY 120.1 339.5 265.5 0.0 0.0 180.4 3.6 0.0 909.1 1%

GREECE 0.0 26.2 2.4 8.4 0.0 10.5 -0.2 -0.2 47.1 -8%

HUNGARY 23.4 85.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 -8.8 6.9 0.0 107.4 -10%

IRELAND 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.6 0.6 0.0 52.6 -3%

ITALY 91.0 228.7 38.2 230.3 64.2 153.7 -13.5 0.0 792.6 -4%

LATVIA 0.0 15.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.2 -6%

LITHUANIA 0.0 56.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 -22.7 0.0 0.0 34.2 -2%

LUXEMBOURG 0.0 3.3 7.1 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 13.7 2%

MALTA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

NETHERLANDS 742.7 22.1 216.7 0.5 0.0 -556.8 1.1 -0.1 426.2 -4%

POLAND 49.5 103.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.2 -3.5 1.1 176.9 6%

PORTUGAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.1 1.8 21.1 -0.1 0.1 50.1 -13%

ROMANIA 109.5 35.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.4 3.5 144.7 -4%

SLOVAKIA 0.9 46.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2 -4.1 0.0 55.3 -4%

SLOVENIA 0.0 5.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 8.3 -6%

SPAIN 1.1 0.0 19.6 160.3 46.2 137.6 -1.7 -0.4 362.6 -3%

SWEDEN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.0 -0.1 0.0 12.9 -14%

UNITED KINGDOM 452.1 0.0 296.3 1.3 144.3 -38.6 -0.3 -0.1 855.0 -5%

EU-28 1 712.1 1 226.0 1 146.0 475.6 307.2 208.1 -4.0 -10.2 5 060.9 -2%

% Change 2012/2011 -7% -7% 11% -4% -27% 6% -97% -36% -2%

SWITZERLAND 0.0 8.7 9.1 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 37.8 10%

TURKEY 6.7 281.9 0.0 43.4 0.0 156.9 -7.3 -0.2 481.4 4%

Units: terawatt hour (gross calorific value).Note: Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.* Including net exports.** (-) Injection / (+) Withdrawal.For Austria, the Norwegian volume for 2012 was left unchanged from 2011 due to unreliable data.

Natural gas supplies (or inland consumption calculated) are defined as: indigenous production + imports - exports + stock changes.


Factors such as the drop in gas demand and the strong competition for LNG in the global market, especially from Japan, led to a decrease in LNG imports in 2012.

Compared with 2011, LNG supplies in the EU decreased by 28% in 2012 to 632 TWh. Qatar remained Europe’s leading LNG provider with a share of 45% in the EU LNG imports.

In 2012, 18% of the EU’s net imports was made up of LNG, which is back to the level of 2009.

The EU LNG regasification capacity has more than doubled in the past five years. In 2011, the first Dutch LNG import terminal went into operation and its regasification capacity grew from 9.4 bcm in its first year to 12.7 bcm in 2012.

The 19 LNG terminals in the EU in 2012 provided a total nominal regasification capacity of 191 bcm1 (or about 2 063 TWh) per year of gas. With lower LNG imports the average utilization rate of regasification terminals dropped in 2012.

2011

100%

trinidad tobago

norway

algeria qatar

nigeria

0.1 libya

0.2 omanyemen

egypt

peru others

48

18

16

35

2

5

1 2

2012

100%

norway

algeria

qatar

nigeria

trinidad tobagoperu

egypt others

45

17

17

5

54

3 4

2011

100%

pipelines

lng24

76 pipelines

lng18

82

2012

100%

lNG imports5

lng suPPliEs in Eu-28 and turkEy, 2012

brEakdown oF Eu-28 lng suPPliEs, 2011 and 2012

lng imPorts to Eu-28, 2005 - 2012

TWh lng net imports

% change 2012/2011

BELGIUM 29.9 -3%

FRANCE 114.2 -30%

GREECE 14.8 10%

ITALY 77.1 -18%

NETHERLANDS 9.5 1%

PORTUGAL 22.9 -30%

SPAIN 215.0 -16%

UNITED KINGDOM 147.9 -45%

EU-28 631.3 -28%

TURKEY 83.7 21%

Units: terawatt hours (gross calorific value).

nEt imPorts to Eu-28 From non-Eu CountriEs by tyPE oF transPort, 2011 and 2012

1 Source: IEA Natural Gas Information, 2013.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

TWh − GCV

0

200

400

600

800

1000

8 eURoGaS

Storage facilities6

Natural gas industry in figures7

natural gas storagE in thE Eu-28, switzErland and turkEy, at 1 January 2013

Number of storage facilities

Maximum working

volume *

Maximum withdrawal

capacity **

AUSTRIA 7 7 451 85.1BELGIUM 2 928 57.0BULGARIA 1 550 4.2CROATIA 1 553 5.8CYPRUS 0 0 0.0CZECH REPUBLIC 8 3 487 57.3DENMARK 2 1 035 25.2ESTONIA 0 0 0.0FINLAND 0 0 0.0FRANCE 16 15 487 212.0GERMANY 50 22 672 626.0GREECE 0 0 0.0HUNGARY 5 6 130 80.0IRELAND 1 230 2.7ITALY 10 15 620 274.6LATVIA 1 2 325 30.0LITHUANIA 0 0 0.0

Number of storage facilities

Maximum working

volume *

Maximum withdrawal

capacity **

LUXEMBOURG 0 0 0.0MALTA 0 0 0.0NETHERLANDS 5 5 078 177.0POLAND 8 2 048 36.6PORTUGAL 3 181 7.1ROMANIA 8 3 100 30.3SLOVAKIA 1 2 940 43.0SLOVENIA 0 0 0.0SPAIN 4 2 443 12.8SWEDEN 1 9 0.9UNITED KINGDOM 8 4 330 154.0EU-28 142 96 597 1 921.7SWITZERLAND 0 0 0.0TURKEY 1 2 661 20.0

* Units: million cubic metres.** Units: million cubic metres per day.

The figures show natural gas storage facilities for peak shaving, seasonal variations and strategic security of supply.

* Number of gas customers are counted by number of meters, and include domestic as well as non-domestic (industrial, commercial and other) customers, except Germany for which the number of domestic customers is equivalent to the number of dwellings supplied with natural gas for heating.

** Eurogas and NGVA Europe.Note: Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication; n/a: not available.

As of 1 January 2013 Total length of pipelines

(in kilometres)

Number of gas customers

(in thousands)*

Number of employees

Number of natural gas

vehicles**

Gas power generation

capacity installed (in megawatts)

AUSTRIA 42 900 1 350 2 949 7 717 5 119BELGIUM 73 744 3 161 7 194 216 5 998BULGARIA 6 737 65 1 700 61 256 990CROATIA 21 055 642 2 053 143 1 185CYPRUS 0 0 0 0 0CZECH REPUBLIC 77 419 2 868 3 037 4 300 838DENMARK 17 924 420 1 400 14 3 110ESTONIA 2 870 52 340 200 200FINLAND 3 229 36 450 1 330 2 842FRANCE 231 627 11 272 32 000 13 000 3 750GERMANY 477 000 19 678 38 793 95 297 25 640GREECE 6 930 289 881 800 4 900HUNGARY 90 784 3 514 2 726 372 4 520IRELAND 13 309 651 600 2 3 742ITALY 286 681 22 727 30 000 800 000 54 643LATVIA 6 110 444 1 275 18 806LITHUANIA 10 100 557 1 700 200 2 547LUXEMBOURG 3 034 83 210 249 492MALTA 0 0 0 0 0NETHERLANDS 135 229 7 111 9 500 6 025 22 300POLAND 184 130 6 730 36 000 3 392 1 089PORTUGAL 17 333 1 251 1 070 442 4 739ROMANIA 53 666 3 201 41 007 0 4 020SLOVAKIA 35 349 1 500 4 548 1 245 1 760SLOVENIA 4 925 153 520 41 308SPAIN 80 097 7 394 6 615 3 666 26 251SWEDEN 3 220 40 250 44 319 790UNITED KINGDOM 285 600 23 003 54 178 559 35 320EU-28 2 171 002 118 191 280 996 1 044 803 217 899SWITZERLAND 19 103 430 1 595 11 100 541TURKEY 82 240 9 177 77 800 2 185 n/a


global reserves-to-production ratios of gas vs oil (years)3 The reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio represents the length of time the remaining discovered reserves would last if production was to continue at the same level of that year, and if no new reserves were to be discovered.

In 1992, the R/P ratio for gas was about 58 years, and for oil 43 years. By 2012, the gas R/P ratio had only slightly decreased to 56 years for gas and increased to 53 years for oil. This reflects the fact that the discovery of gas has kept pace with the production and use of gas.

unconventional gas, estimated global resourcesNew production techniques mean that unconventional gas can now be produced from shale, coalbed methane (CBM), and other “tight” formations (natural gas in low permeability rock). It is difficult to predict the additional reserves that will

come from recoverable unconventional resources as there are currently no reliable industry estimates. It is expected that recoverable resources will be many times higher than those from the reserves referred to in the figures above.

Natural gas reserves8

global gas and oil rEsErvEs by rEgion, 2012 2

2 Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2013.3 Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2013.

Total proved reserves at end 2012: 187 tcm Total proved reserves at end 2012: 1 669 billion barrels

* Commonwealth of Independent States

Western EuropeSouth & Central AmerciaNorth AmericaAfricaAsia PacificC.I.S.Middle East

2%4%6%8%8%

29%43%

1%20%13%8%2%8%48%

8

8

29

43

2 46

100%

20

48 13

82

8

1

100%

natural gas oil

2012

1992

5356

4358

years

OECD North America

9 11

47 47

OECD Europe

2 416 24

Latin America

015

33 32

Africa

0 1030

49

Eurasia andEastern Europe

20 11 12

144

Middle east

0 9 4

125

Asia / Pacific

16 21

5743

CBMTight GasShale GasConventional Gas

790 tcm of resources worldwide (Conventional resources: 58.5% – Shale gas: 25.3% – Tight gas: 10.3% – CBM: 5.9%)Worldwide, with unconventional gas, gas resources lifetime is estimated at 250 years.

Source: IEA – International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook – November 2012.

rECovErablE rEsourCEs by rEgion, tcm

10 eURoGaS

expectations for 2 139

gas demand across the European union is expected to remain relatively stable in 2013 compared with 2012, according to the latest forecast from Eurogas. an increase in demand of 2.6% was recorded in the first half of 2013 compared with the same period in 2012.

These latest estimates are the result of an annual survey covering 90% of the EU gas market that was carried out by Eurogas in September 2013 among its members. According to Eurogas, the slight increase in EU gas demand that was recorded for the first six months of 2013 can be attributed to the long winter and low temperatures. Across the EU, such colder than usual weather conditions, particularly in March and May 2013, led to an increase in gas consumption for heating. However, even if the exceptionally long winter raised gas demand, other factors have continued to negatively affect demand.

While industrial production showed signs of recovery in some Member States, important cross-country differences persisted and gas demand from the industrial sector only registered a limited increase in the EU as a whole.

Gas use in power generation has continued to slide as a result of unfavourable market fundamentals. The low coal price and a weak carbon price continued to favour coal generation. The effects of the economic crisis and poor growth continued to result in weak final power demand. In addition, the growing share of electricity produced from renewables and a relatively high hydroelectricity production also reduced the demand for gas in power generation. Such factors are still expected to influence demand in the second half of the year.

Outlook for the rest of 2013

Early indications from the Eurogas data suggest that gas demand in Europe is likely to remain stable throughout 2013, registering a slight increase of 1% compared with 2012.

Despite this small increase, demand in the second half of 2013 will remain under pressure as gas use in the power sector is expected to remain weak. This issue, coupled with the still sluggish economic recovery across the EU, will have a detrimental impact on gas demand during the rest of 2013. With regard to heating demand, forecasts for the second half of the year using normal weather conditions do not point to any significant increase.

On this basis, taking 2013 as a whole, gas demand would correspond to an EU-28 and Switzerland annual consumption of about 5 160 terawatt-hours or 478 billion cubic metres.

Snøhvit

Barcelona

Ferrol Gijon

Bilbao

Montoir

Bacton

Isle of Grain

Milford Haven

Morecambe

Teesside

SleipnerBritannia

Ekofisk

Draupner

Tyra

Zeebrugge

Dunkerque

Gate

Groningen

Troll

Gullfaks

HeidrunAsgard

Statfjord

Brent

Frigg

Heimdal

Sagunto

Fos Faster

Fos Tonkin

Fos Cavaou

La Spezia

RovigoKrk

Zaule

Brindisi

Porto Empedocle

Revithoussa

MarmaraEreglisi

Aliaga

Aegean

Huelva

Sines

Cartagena

Minsk

Sarajevo

Tirana

PodgoricaSofia

Prague

Copenhagen

Swinoujscie

HelsinkiWyborg

Finngulf

Paris

Tiflis

Athens

Budapest

Reykjavik

Rome

Livorno

Amman

Homs

Damascus

Aleppo

Kilis

Tripoli

Milan

Vilnius

Klaipéda

Skopje

Vallelta

Chisinau

Monaco

Oslo

Lysekil

Warsawa

Bucharest

Belgrade

Moscow

Bratislava

Madrid

Stockholm

Nynäshamn

Bern

Tunis

Ankara

Kiev

Algiers

Ibiza

Mallorca

ViennaMunich

Brussels

Nicosia

Cairo

Berlin

Dublin

Tel Aviv

Beirut

Rabat

Lisbon

Ljubljana

London

Istanbul

Essen

Riga

Tallinn

Paldiski

Izmir

Zagreb

Vassilikos


the european natural gas grid in 2 13

Pipelines integrated in the European system

existing

under construction, projected or planned

Other pipelines

existing

under construction, projected or planned

natural gas fields

Liquefied natural gas (LNG)

LNG receiving terminal in operation

LNG receiving terminal under construction or projected

liquefaction plant

12 eURoGaS

appendix

Definitions and Units

The gross calorific value (GCV), or higher heating value, measures the total (maximum) amount of heat that is produced by combustion, including latent heat before combustion or generated in the combustion process. The net calorific value (NCV), or lower heating value, excludes this latent heat.

Natural gas in international trade is usually measured on the basis of GCV. Modern technologies in gas combustion are able to capture the latent heat of condensation. But since the most current technologies for other fossil fuels are still not able to recover the latent heat, NCVs need to be used rather than GCVs

when building an energy balance. Natural gas data presented in million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) is expressed as NCV. For natural gas, the NCV is 10% less than the GCV.

Natural gas sales and supplies are stated in terawatt hours (TWh) because of different national gas qualities. The data is provided in GCV. When the Eurogas data is converted into billion cubic metres (bcm), we advise you to use an assumed energy content of 1 million cubic metres (mcm) of natural gas of 10.8 kilowatt hours (kWh) (GCV), which implies that 1 TWh equals approximately 92.6 mcm of natural gas. This corresponds closely to the weighted average heat content of all natural gas that is sold in the EU.

Conversion factorsunits glossary bcm billion cubic metres

GJ gigajoule

GWh gigawatt hour

kWh kilowatt hour

MBtu million British thermal units

mcm million cubic metres

Mtoe million tonnes of oil equivalent

MWh megawatt hour

m³ cubic metres

Pcal petacalories

PJ petajoule

TWh terawatt hour

toe tonnes of oil equivalent

tcm trillion cubic metres

general conversion for units of energy and volume1 Mtoe = 10 Pcal 41.86 PJ (NCV) = 11.63 TWh (NCV)

1 cubic metre (m³) 35.315 cubic feet (cf)

1 mcm of LNG 593 mcm of gas

Eurogas conversion factors from volume to energy units92.3 mcm gas 1 TWh (GCV)

1 m³ of natural gas 39 MJ (GCV) = 10.8 kWh (GCV)

Common conversion factors from gross to net calorific valueNatural gas: NCV 0.9 GCV

Oil: NCV 0.95 GCV

Solid fossil fuels: NCV 0.97 GCV

Equivalents1 gigawatt hour 106 kWh (GWh)

1 megawatt hour 103 kWh (MWh)

1 petawatt hour 1012 kWh (PWh)

1 terawatt hour 109 kWh (TWh)

heat unit equivalents

gJ kWh mBtu th therm

1 Gigajoule (GJ) 1 277.8 0.948 238.9 9.479

1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) 3.6 10-3 1 3.411 10-3 0.86 3.411 10-2

1 Million British thermal units (MBtu) 1.055 293.2 1 252 10

1 thermie (th) 4.186 10-3 1.162 3.968 10-3 1 3.968 10-2

1 therm 0.1055 29.32 1 10-1 25.2 1

Eurogas is the association representing the European gas wholesale, retail and distribution sectors. Founded in 1990, its members are some 50 companies and associations from 26 countries.

Eurogas represents the sectors towards the EU institutions and, as such, participates in the Madrid Gas Regulatory Forum, the Gas Coordination Group, the Citizens Energy Forum and other stakeholder groups.

Its members work together, analysing the impact of EU political and legislative initiatives on their business and communicating their findings and suggestions to the EU stakeholders.

The association also provides statistics and forecasts on gas consumption, as well as information on energy taxation in Europe. For this, the association can draw on national data supplied by its member companies and associations.

Figures from this report may be used, provided that reference is made to Eurogas as the source.

© Eurogas, December 2013 – All rights reserved.

Objectives of Eurogas To help improve knowledge of natural gas, of its performances and of its use;

To promote the development of natural gas in Europe particularly in the legal, economic, technical and scientific areas, to prepare studies and to promote cooperation within the gas industry;

To promote the smooth functioning of the European internal gas market and to take stance on issues of interest to the European natural gas industry with respect to international and supranational organisations including but not limited to the European Institutions and to public opinion.

EurogasAvenue de Cortenbergh, 172 – B-1000 BrusselsT. +32 2 894 48 48 – www.eurogas.org d

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Documents

Eurogas statistical report 2013