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09:00-09:30 RegistrationsDay 1 September 7, 2017

Keynote Forum10:00-10:05 Introduction

10:05-10:50Global Control of HIV, HCV and Infectious Diseases-India is not a problem, but a solutionIshwar Gilada, Unison Medicare and Research Centre, India

Networking and Refreshments Break 10:50-11:10 @ Foyer

11:10-11:55Comparison of efflux pumps expression in ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical and environmental strains from Algeria and FranceCatherine Mullié, University of Amiens, France

Sessions: Viral Infectious Diseases|Bacterial Susceptibility & Resistance|Vaccines|Microbiology and Infectious Diseases|Emerging Infectious DiseasesSession Chair: Catherine Mullié, University of Lille, France

Session Introduction

11:55-12:25Title: Development of five hyper-humanized antibodies neutralizing the Botulinum neurotoxins A, B and E The European AntiBotABE projectArnaud Avril, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), France

12:25-12:55Title: Phytotherapy from Mentha piperita L. modulates infection during experimental schistosomiasisFernanda de Freitas Anibal, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Group photo & Lunch Break 12:55-13:55 @ NCafé

13:55-14:25Title: Molecular microbiology as a modern platform for rapid, specific, sensitive and unlimited detection of pathogenic microorganismsTereza jancuskova, KitGen, Czech Republic

14:25-14:55Title: Expression of major virulens genes of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from cattle, sheep and chickenNaim Deniz AYAZ, Kirikkale University, Turkey

14:55-15:25Title: Mediterranean spotted fever in children of the karak province in South JordanOmar Nafi, Mutah university, Jordhan

15:25-15:55YRF: HIV care continuum outcomes: Does Ethiopia meet the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets?Hailay Gesesew, Flinders University, Australia

15:55-16:25Title: Seroprevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and C viruses among antenatal clinic attendees of Secondary Healthcare facilities in Akoko area of Ondo State, NigeriaFestus. A OLAJUBU, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria


Opening Ceremony09:30-10:00conferenceseries.com

Sunset -2

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Day 2 September 8, 2017Sunset -2

Keynote Forum

10:00-10:45Title: Clinical Impact of Parvovirus B19: Pioneer work from india projecting b19 as multi-organ disease afflicterJanak Kishore, Sanjay Gandhi Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India

Sessions: Infectious Agents and the Human Immune Response|Molecular Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases|Bacterial Infectious Diseases| Infectious Disease Epidemiology | Nocosomal InfectionsSession Chair: Philip Norrie, Universities of New South Wales, AustraliaSession Chair: Janak Kishore, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India


10:45-11:15Title: The anti-hiv candidate abx464 dampens intestinal inflammation by triggering il22 production in activated macrophagesJamal Tazi, University of Montpellier, France


11:35-12:05YRF: Role of in vivo expressed gene candidates for development of molecular and immunological assays to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosisSumedha Sharma, PGIMER, India

12:05-12:35YRF: Transcriptional signatures of mycobacterium tuberculosis in mouse model of experimental intraocular tuberculosisSudhanshu Abhishek, PGIMER, India

12:35 -13:05YRF: Global gene expression in Escherichia coli, isolated from the diseased ocular surface of the human eye with a potential to form biofilmRanjith Konduri, LV Prasad Eye Institute, India

Lunch Break 13:05-14:05 @ NCafé

14:05 -14:35Title: Genetic analysis of Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in IranNariman SHAHHOSSEINI, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO, Germany

WorkShop

14:35-15:35Title: A history of infectious disease in ancient times – More lethal than war-an alternative medical history perspective of ancient historyPhilip Norrie, Universities of New South Wales, Australia

15:35-16:05Title: Prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in open and surgical wounds of patients attending hospitals in Buea Municipality Nde Godlove Tsi, University of Buea, Cameroon

16:05-16:35Title: Targeting RNA binding proteins: A versatile platform for the discovery and development of new antiviralsJamal Tazi, University of Montpellier, France

Networking and Refreshments Break 16:35-16:55 @ FoyerPoster Presentations 16:55-17:30 @ Foyer

Poster Judge: Huseyin Kayadibi, Hitit University School of Medicine, Turkey

EID-01Title: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and risk factors of salmonella diarrheal infection among children in thi-qar province, IraqAli Harb, Murdoch University, Australia

EID-02Title: Chitosan and silver nanoparticles: promising antitoxoplasma agentsMaha Gaafar, Alexandria University, Egypt

EID-03Title: Incidence of diabetes mellitus-related comorbidities among patients attending two major HIV clinics in Botswana: a 12-year retrospective cohort studyJose Gaby Tshikuka, University of Botswana, Botswana

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EID-04Title: Expression of Beclin-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bad, and Bax in HCV Patients in relation to grade of hepatic fibrosisTarek K. Motawi, Cairo University, Egypt

EID-05Title: Molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae causing lower urinary tract infection in pediatric populationEltai N Omer, Qatar University, Qatar

EID-06Title: Frequency of rrs and rpsL mutations in streptomycin-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Iranian patientsAzar Dokht Khoravi, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Day 3 September 9, 2017Sunset -2

Keynote Forum

10:00-10:45Title: Clinical significance of the indirect biochemical markers for detecting liver fibrosis in adult patients with chronic HCV infectionHuseyin Kayadibi, Hitit University School of Medicine, Turkey

Networking and Refreshments Break 10:45-11:05 @ Foyer Sessions: Parasitic Diseases | VaccinesSession Chair: Huseyin Kayadibi, Hitit University School of Medicine, Turkey


11:05-11:35YRF: Comparison of screening method and cohort design to estimate pertussis vaccine effectiveness in Denmark, 2000-2014Lara Ricotta, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

11:35-12:05Title: Benchmarking of healthcare-associated infections in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) statesAiman El-Saed, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Saudi Arabia

12:05-12:35Title: Sero characterization of Plasmodium species in Limu Kossa District of Jimma Zone, Western EthiopiaSindew Mekasha Feleke, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Ethiopia

Lunch Break 12:35-13:35 @ Courtepaille’s Restaurant Award Ceremony

Bookmark your dates

E-mail: [email protected]: infection.conferenceseries.com/europe

September 27-29, 2018 | Rome, Italy

7th Euro-Global Conference on

Infectious Diseases

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List of Open Access Journals

Business & Management

Chemical Engineering

Chemistry

Clinical

Agri, Food & AquaAdvances in Crop Science and Technology 2329-8863Advances in Dairy Research 2329-888XAgrotechnology 2168-9881Aquaculture Research & Development 2155-9546Arabidopsis C. Elegans and Zebrafish -Biofertilizers & Biopesticides 2155-6202Crop Research 2454-1761Experimental Food Chemistry -Fisheries & Livestock Production 2332-2608Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal 2150-3508Fisheriessciences 1307-234XFood & Industrial Microbiology -Food & Nutritional Disorders 2324-9323Food Processing & Technology 2157-7110Food: Microbiology, Safety & Hygiene -Forest Research 2168-9776Horticulture 2376-0354International Biodiversity, Bioprospecting and Development 2376-0214Marine Science: Research & Development 2155-9910Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 2167-0412Nutrition & Food Sciences 2155-9600Plant Pathology & Microbiology 2157-7471Poultry, Fisheries & Wildlife Sciences 2375-446XProbiotics & Health 2329-8901Research & Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences 2347-226XResearch & Reviews: Journal of Food and Dairy Technology 2321-6204Rice Research 2375-4338Traditional Medicine and Clinical Naturopathy (Homeopathy & Ayurve-dic Medicine-2167-1206) -

Ageing Science 2329-8847Ancient Diseases & Preventive Remedies 2329-8731Anesthesia & Clinical Research 2155-6148Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research 2386-5180Arrhythmia: Open Access -Atherosclerosis: Open Access -Cell Biology: Research & Therapy 2324-9293Cellular & Molecular Pathology -Clinical & Experimental Cardiology 2155-9880Clinical & Experimental Dermatology Research 2155-9554Clinical & Experimental Nephrology -Clinical & Experimental Oncology 2324-9110Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 2155-9570Clinical & Experimental Orthopaedics -Clinical & Experimental Pathology 2161-0681Clinical & Molecular Endocrinology -Clinical and Experimental Psychology -Clinical and Experimental Transplantation -Clinical Case Reports 2165-7920Clinical Depression -Clinical Dermatology Research Journal -Clinical Diabetes & Practice -Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics -Clinical Oncology and Practice -Clinical Pediatrics -Clinical Pediatrics & Dermatology -Clinical Psychiatry -Clinical Research & Bioethics 2155-9627Clinical Research On Foot & Ankle 2329-910XClinical Respiratory: Open Access -Clinical Toxicology 2161-0495Clinical Trials 2167-0870Clinics in Mother and Child Health 2090-7214Cosmetology & Orofacial Surgery -Cosmetology & Trichology -Dermatitis -Diabetes Case Reports -Dialysis and Clinical Practice -Drug Intoxication & Detoxification : Novel Approaches 2327-4557Dual Diagnosis: Open Access -Eye & Cataract Refractive Surgery -Forensic Toxicology & Pharmacology 2325-9841Glaucoma: Open Access -HIV & Retro Virus -Immunooncology -Insights in Pediatric Cardiology -

Accounting & Marketing 2168-9601Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 2223-5833Business & Financial Affairs 2167-0234Business & Hotel Management 2324-9129Business and Economics Journal 2151-6219Defense Studies & Resource Management 2324-9314Entrepreneurship & Organization Management 2169-026XGlobal Economics 2375-4389Hotel & Business Management 2169-0286International Journal of Accounting Research -International Journal of Economics and Management Science 2162-6359Internet Banking & Commerce 1204-5357Review of Public Administration and Management 2315-7844Stock & Forex Trading 2168-9458Tourism & Hospitality 2167-0269

Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques 2155-9872Analytical & Electrochemical Insights -Bioenergetics: Open Access 2167-7662Chemical Informatics -Chemical Sciences Journal 2150-3494Chromatography & Separation Techniques 2157-7064Clinical & Medical Biochemistry: Open Access -Clinical Chemistry: Open Access -Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 2161-0525Environmental Analytical Chemistry -Glycobiology 2168-958XHerbal Medicine: Open Access -

Advanced Chemical Engineering 2090-4568Bioprocessing & Biotechniques 2155-9821Chemical Engineering & Process Technology 2157-7048Thermodynamics & Catalysis 2157-7544

Immuno Chemistry: Open Access -

Industrial Chemistry: Open Access -International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology 0976-4550

International Journal of Drug Development & Research 0975-9344

Mass Spectrometry: Open Access -

Medicinal Chemistry 2161-0444

Modern Chemistry & Applications 2329-6798

Natural Products Chemistry & Research Journal 2329-6836

Neuro Chemistry: Open Access -

Organic & Inorganic Chemistry -

Organic Chemistry: Current Research 2161-0401

Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry: Open Access -

Physical Chemistry & Biophysics 2161-0398

RROIJ: Medicinal Chemistry -

Structural Chemsitry & Crystallography Communication -

Trends in Green Chemistry -

Vitamins & Minerals 2376-1318

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Genetics & Molecular BiologyAdvanced Techniques in Biology & Medicine 2379-1764Advancements in Genetic Engineering 2169-0111Advances in Molecular Diagnostics -Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry 2161-1009Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Journal -Biochemistry & Physiology 2329-9029Biological Systems 2329-6577Biotechnology & Biomaterials 2155-952XBipolar Disorder: Open Access -Cell & Developmental Biology 2168-9296Cell Science & Therapy 2157-7013Cell Signaling -Cellular & Molecular Medicine: Open Access -Chemical Biology & Therapeutics -Clinical Epigenetics -Cloning & Transgenesis 2168-9849Current Synthetic and Systems Biology 2332-0737Cytology & Histology 2157-7099Down Syndrome & Chromosome Abnormalities -Electronic Journal of Biology -Enzyme Engineering 2329-6674Fertilization: in Vitro 2375-4508Fungal Genomics & Biology 2165-8056Gene Technology 2329-6682Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy 2157-7412Hereditary Genetics: Current Research 2161-1041Human Genetics & Embryology 2161-0436Insights in Cell Science -Insights in Stem Cells -International Journal of Genomic Medicine 2332-0672Metabolomics: Open Access 2153-0769Metabonomics & Metabolites 2325-9736Microbial & Biochemical Technology 1948-5948Microbial Methods & Assays Open Access -Molecular and Genetic Medicine 1747-0862Molecular Biology 2168-9547Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis 2155-9929Molecular Cloning & Genetic Recombination 2325-9787Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery 2155-983XNext Generation: Sequencing & Applications -Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology 2329-9002

General ScienceComputer Science & Systems Biology Journal 0974-7230Ergonomics 2165-7556Research and Development -International Journal of Advance Innovations, Thoughts & Ideas 2277-1891Metrology -Research & Reviews: Journal of Botanical Sciences 2320-0189Research & Reviews: Journal of Chemistry 2319-9849Tomography -

Intensive and Critical Care -International Journal of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine -International Journal of Cardiovascular Research 2324-8602International Journal of Digestive Diseases -International Journal of Ophthalmic Pathology 2324-8599Interventional Cardiology: Open Access -JBR Journal of Clinical Diagnosis and Research 2376-0311Optometry: Open Access -Phonetics & Audiology -Speech Pathology & Therapy -Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2157-7633Toxicology: Open Access -Vasculitis -

Engineering

EEEElectrical & Electronic Systems 2332-0796Electrical Engineering & Electronic Technology 2325-9833

Advances in Recycling -Astrobiology & Outreach 2332-2519Biodiversity & Endangered Species 2332-2543Biodiversity Management & Forestry 2327-4417Bioremediation & Biodegradation 2155-6199Biosafety 2167-0331Climatology & Weather Forecasting 2332-2594Coastal Zone Management -Earth Science & Climatic Change 2157-7617Ecosystem & Ecography 2157-7625Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology 2161-0983Expert Opinion On Environmental Biology 2325-9655Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications 2090-4541Geography & Natural Disasters 2167-0587Geoinformatics & Geostatistics: An Overview 2327-4581Geology & Geosciences 2329-6577Geophysics & Remote Sensing 2169-0049Hydrogeology & Hydrologic Engineering 2325-9647Hydrology: Current Research 2157-7587Industrial Pollution Control -Innovative Energy Policies 2090-5009International Journal of Evolution 2324-8548International Journal of Waste Resources 2252-5211Marine Biology & Oceanography 2324-8661Oceanography: Open Access 2332-2632Oil & Gas: Open Access -Petroleum & Environmental Engineering 2157-7463Plant Physiology & Pathology 2329-955XPollution Effects & Control 2375-4397Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences -

Earth & Environmental Sciences

Advances in Automobile Engineering 2167-7670Advances in Robotics & Automation 2168-9695Aeronautics & Aerospace Engineering 2168-9792Applied Bioinformatics & Computational Biology 2329-9533Applied Mechanical Engineering 2168-9873Architectural Engineering Technology 2168-9717Automatic Control of Physiological State and Function 2090-5092Biochips & Tissue Chips 2153-0777Bioengineering & Biomedical Science 2155-9538Biomusical Engineering 2090-2719Biosensors & Bioelectronics 2155-6210Biosensors Journal 2090-4967Civil & Environmental Engineering 2165-784XComputer Engineering & Information Technology 2324-9307Computer Engineering and Information Technology 2324-9307Defense Management 2167-0374Fashion Technology & Textile Engineering 2329-9568Global Journal of Technology and Optimization 2229-8711Global Research in Computer Science 2229-371XIndustrial Engineering & Management 2169-0316Information Technology & Software Engineering 2165-7866

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 2278-8875

International Journal of Advancements in Technology 0976-4860International Journal of Biomedical Data Mining 2090-4924International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering 2278-1021

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2319-8753

International Journal of Sensor Networks and Data Communications 2090-4886International Journal of Swarm Intelligence and Evolutionary Computation 2090-4908

Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering 2168-9768Lasers, Optics & Photonics -Lovotics 2090-9888Membrane Science & Technology 2155-9589Molecular Imaging & Dynamics 2155-9937Nuclear Energy Science & Power Generation Technology 2325-9809Research & Reviews: Journal of Engineering and Technology 2319-9873Steel Structures & Construction -Telecommunications System & Management 2167-0919Textile Science & Engineering 2165-8064

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InformaticsData Mining in Genomics & Proteomics 2153-0602Glycomics and Lipidomics 2153-0637Health & Medical Informatics 2157-7420Proteomics & Bioinformatics 0974-276XTheoretical and Computational Science 2376-130X

Physiobiochemical Metabolism 2324-8793Plant Biochemistry & Physiology 2329-9029Proteomics & Enzymology -Single Cell Biology 2168-9431Tissue Science & Engineering 2157-7552Transcriptomics: Open Access 2329-8936Translational Biomedicine 2172-0479

MedicalAbnormal and Behavioural Psychology -Acta Psychopathologica -Acta Rheumatologica -Addictive Behaviors , Therapy & Rehabilitation 2324-9005Adenocarcinoma -Advances in Cancer Prevention -Advances in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology -Advances in Weight Loss Management & Medical Devices -

Materials Science Bioceramics Developments and Applications 2090-5025Material Sciences & Engineering 2169-0022Nano Research & Applications -Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology 2324-8777Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology 2157-7439Plastic & Polymer Sciences -Powder Metallurgy & Mining 2168-9806Research & Reviews: Journal of Material Sciences 2321-6212

MathematicsApplied & Computational Mathematics 2168-9679Biometrics & Biostatistics 2155-6180Generalized Lie Theory and Applications 1736-4337Physical Mathematics 2090-0902Research & Reviews: Journal of Statistics and Mathematical Sciences -

Health CareDiversity and Equality and Health and Care 2049-5471Health Care: Current Reviews 2375-4273Health Science Journal 1791-809XPregnancy & Child Health 2376-127XPrimary Health Care 2167-1079Quality in Primary Care 1479-1072Tropical Diseases & Public Health 2329-891XWomen'S Health, Issues & Care 2325-9795

ImmunologyAdvances in Antibiotics & Antibodies -Allergy & Therapy 2155-6121Autoimmune Diseases: Open Access -Clinical & Cellular Immunology 2155-9899Cytokine Biology -Immunobiology -Immunogenetics: Open Access -Immunome Research 1745-7580Immunotherapy: Open Access -Infectious Diseases & Immunological Techniques 2325-9752Inflammatory Bowel Diseases & Disorders -Innate Immunity & Immunological Disorders -Interdisciplinary Journal of Microinflammation -Lupus: Open Access -Molecular Immunology -Osteoarthritis -Reproductive Immunology -Rheumatology: Current Research 2161-1149Sarcoidosis -Vaccines & Vaccination 2157-7560

Aerobics & Fitness -Aesthetic & Reconstructive Surgery -Aids & Clinical Research 2155-6113Air and Water Borne Diseases 2167-7719Alternative & Integrative Medicine 2327-5162Analgesia & Resuscitation : Current Research 2324-903XAnaplastology 2161-1173Anatomy & Physiology: Current Research 2161-0940Andrology & Gynecology: Current Research 2327-4360Andrology 2167-0250Angiology: Open Access 2329-9495Annals of Behavioural Science -Applied and Rehabilitation Psychology: Open Access -Archives in Cancer Research 2254-6081Archives of Medicine 1989-5216Archives of Surgical Oncology -Archivos De Medicina 1698-9465Arthritis 2167-7921Asthma and Bronchitis -Athletic Enhancement 2324-9080Autacoids & Hormones 2161-0479Biology and Medicine 0974-8369Biomedical Engineering & Medical Devices -Biomedical Sciences 2254-609XBioterrorism & Biodefense 2157-2526Blood -Blood & Lymph 2165-7831Blood Disorders & Transfusion 2155-9864Blood Pressure: Open Access -Bone Marrow Research 2329-8820Bone Reports & Recommendations -Brain Tumors -Breast Cancer: Current Research -Cancer Biomarkers -Cancer Clinical Trials -Cancer Diagnosis -Cancer Medicine & Anticancer Drugs -Cancer Science & Therapy 1948-5956Cancer Surgery -Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis 2157-2518Cardiovascular Diseases & Diagnosis 2329-9517Cardiovascular Pathology: Open Access -Celiac Disease: Open Access -Cervical Cancer: Open Access -Chemotherapy 2167-7700Chest Diseases -Childhood & Developmental Disorders -Childhood Obesity -Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Open Access -Colorectal Cancer: Open Access -Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids 2375-4427Community Medicine & Health Education 2161-0711Complex Diseases and Treatment -Contraceptive Studies -Critical Care Obstetrics & Gynecology -Current Trends in Gynecologic Oncology -Dental Health: Current Research -Dental Implants and Dentures: Open Access -Dentistry 2161-1122Depression and Anxiety 2167-1044Dermatology Case Reports -Diabetes & Metabolism 2155-6156Diabetes Medication and Care -Diabetic Complications and Medicine -Drug Abuse -Emergency Medicine 2165-7548Endocrinology & Diabetes Research -Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome 2161-1017Epidemiology: Open Access 2161-1165Evidence based Medicine and Practice -Family Medicine & Medical Science Research 2327-4972Forensic Biomechanics 2090-2697Forensic Medicine -

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Forensic Nursing: Open Access -Forensic Odontology -Forensic Psychology -Forensic Research 2157-7145Gastrointestinal & Digestive System 2161-069xGastrointestinal Cancer and Stromal Tumors -General Medicine 2327-5146General Practice 2329-9126Genetic Disorders & Genetic Reports 2327-5790Genital System & Disorders 2325-9728Geriatric Psychiatry -Gerontology & Geriatric Research 2167-7182Gynecology & Obstetrics 2161-0932Gynecology & Obstetrics- Case Report -Haematology & Thromboembolic Diseases 2329-8790Hair: Therapy & Transplantation 2167-0951Head and Neck Cancer Research -Health & Medical Economics -Health Care Communications -Health Economics & Outcome Research: Open Access -Health Education Research & Development (Biosafety & Health Edu-cation: Open Access-2332-0893) -

Health Systems and Policy Research 2254-9137Heart Transplant and Surgery -Heavy Metal & Chelation Therapy -Hepatology and Gastrointestinal Disorders -Hospital & Medical Management -Hypertension- Open Access 2167-1095Hypo & Hyperglycemia 2327-4700Imaging and Interventional Radiology -Medical Implants & Surgery -Informatics and Data Mining -Insights in Biomedicine -Insights in Medical Physics -Integrative Oncology 2329-6771Internal Medicine 2165-8048International Journal of Clinical & Medical Imaging 2376-0249International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health -

International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resil-ience 1522-4821

International Journal of Mental Health & Psychiatry 2327-4654International Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences -International Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2329-9096International Journal of Public Health and Safety -International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology -Interventional Pediatrics -Invasive Cardiology Future Medicine -JBR Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Dental Sciences 2376-032XKidney -Kidney Transplant -La Prensa Medica 0032-745XLaser Surgery and Therapy -Leukemia 2329-6917Liposuction -Liver 2167-0889Liver: Disease & Transplantation 2325-9612Lung Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment -Lung Diseases & Treatment -Malaria Control & Elimination 2090-2778Maternal and Pediatric Nutrition -Medical & Surgical Pathology -Medical & Surgical Urology 2168-9857Medical and Clinical Reviews -Medical Case Reports -Medical Diagnostic Methods 2168-9784Medical Toxicology and Clinical Forensic Medicine -Melanoma and Skin Diseases -Mental Health in Family Medicine 2327-4972Mental Illness and Treatment -Metabolic Syndrome 2167-0943Molecular & Medical Histology -Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics 2324-8769Neonatal Biology 2167-0897

Neonatal Studies -Neonatal Medicine -Neoplasm -Nephrology & Therapeutics 2161-0959Neurobiotechnology -Neuroinfectious Diseases 2314-7326Neurooncology: Open Access -Neurosurgery & Cardiac Surgery -Novel Physiotherapies 2165-7025Nuclear Medicine & Radiation Therapy 2155-9619Nutritional Disorders & Therapy 2161-0509Obesity & Eating Disorders -Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy 2165-7904Occupational Medicine Health Affairs 2329-6879Omics Journal of Radiology 2167-7964Oncology & Cancer Case Reports -Oncology Translational Research -Oral Health and Dental Management 2247-2452Oral Health Case Reports -Oral Hygiene & Health 2332-0702Orthodontics & Endodontics -Orthopedic & Muscular System: Current Research 2161-0533Orthopedic Oncology -Osteoporosis & Physical Activity 2329-9509Otolaryngology:Open Access 2161-119XOtology & Rhinology 2324-8785Pain & Relief 2167-0846Pain Management & Medicine -Palliative Care & Medicine 2165-7386Pancreatic Disorders & Therapy 2165-7092Pediatric Care -Pediatric Dental Care -Pediatric Emergency Care and Medicine- Open Access -Pediatric Nephrology Practice -Pediatric Neurology and Medicine -Pediatric Nursing: Open Access -Pediatric Oncology: Open Access -Pediatric Physiotherapy -Pediatric Psychology and Psychiatry -Pediatrics & Therapeutics 2161-0665Periodontics and Prosthodontics: Open Access -Pigmentary Disorders 2376-0427Prevention Infection Control: Open Access -Preventive Medicine -Primary & Acquired Immunodeficiency Research 2324-853XProstate Cancer -Psoriasis & Rosacea Open Access -Psychiatry 2378-5756Psychological Abnormalities in Children 2329-9525Psychology & Psychotherapy 2161-0487Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine 2161-105xRare Disorders & Diseases -Regenerative Medicine 2325-9620Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility -Reproductive System & Sexual Disorders 2161-038xResearch & Reviews: Journal of Dental Sciences 2320-7949Research & Reviews: Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 2319-9865Research Journal of Biology 2322-0066Sleep Disorders & Therapy 2167-0277Sleep Disorders : Treatment & Care 2325-9639Spine 2165-7939Spine & Neurosurgery 2325-9701Spine Research -Sports Medicine & Doping Studies 2161-0673Sports Nutrition and Therapy -Steroids & Hormonal Science 2157-7536Stroke Research & Therapy -Journal of Surgery [Jurnalul de Chirurgie] 1584-9341Surgery: Current Research 2161-1076The Headache Journal -The International Journal of Apitherapy -The Pancreas 1590-8577Therapeutic Care and Physical Rehabilitation -

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MicrobiologyAdvances in Influenza Research -Antimicrobial Agents -Antivirals & Antiretrovirals 1948-5964Applied Microbiology: Open Access -Archives of Clinical Microbiology 1989-8436Bacteriology and Parasitology 2155-9597Clinical Infectious Diseases & Practice -Clinical Microbiology: Open Access 2327-5073Colitis & Diverticulitis -Emerging Infectious Diseases -Fermentation Technology 2167-7972Fibromyalgia: Open Access -Forensic Pathology -Hepatitis -Human Papillomavirus -Infectious Diseases and Diagnosis -Infectious Diseases and Therapy 2332-0877Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis 2161-0703Medical Mycology: Open Access -Meningitis -Mycobacterial Diseases 2161-1068Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Open Access -Research & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2320-3528Research & Reviews: Journal of Inflammation -Research & Reviews: Journal of Pathology & Epidemiology -Virology & Mycology 2161-0517

Pharmaceutical SciencesAdvances in Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety 2167-1052Alcoholism & Drug Dependence 2329-6488Bioanalysis & Biomedicine 1948-593XBiochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access Journal 2167-0501Bioequivalence & Bioavailability 0975-0851Biomarkers in Drug Development 2327-4441Biomarkers Journal -Biomolecular Research & Therapeutics 2167-7956Cardiovascular Pharmacology: Open Access 2329-6607Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology 2161-1459Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics 2167-065XCurrent Trends in Nutraceuticals -Developing Drugs 2329-6631Diagnostic Techniques & Biomedical Analysis -Drug Designing: Open Access 2169-0138Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 2157-7609in Silico & in Vitro Pharmacology -Molecular Enzymology and Drug Targets -Molecular Pharmaceutics & Organic Process Research 2329-9053Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta 2153-2435Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems 2376-0419Pharmaceutical Microbiology -Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs: Open Access 2167-7689Pharmaceutical Sciences & Emerging Drugs -Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Research 2325-9604Pharmacoeconomics: Open Access -Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics 2153-0645Pharmacognosy & Natural Products -Pharmacokinetics & Experimental Therapeutics -Pharmacological Reports -Pharmacovigilance 2329-6887Research & Reviews: Journal of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy -Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2320-0812Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance -Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology 2347-7857Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2321-6182Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2320-1215

Virology & Antiviral Research 2324-8955

PhysicsAstrophysics & Aerospace Technology 2329-6542Research & Reviews: Journal of Pure and Applied Physics 2320-2459Vortex Science and Technology 2090-8369

Health Care & Nursing Advanced Practices in Nursing -Community & Public Health Nursing -Nursing & Care 2167-1168Nursing & Clinical Research -Patient Care -Perioperative & Critical Intensive Care Nursing -Research & Reviews: Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences -

NeuroscienceAddiction Research & Therapy 2155-6105Alzheimers Disease & Parkinsonism 2161-0460Autism-Open Access 2165-7890Brain Disorders & Therapy 2168-975XChild & Adolescent Behavior 2375-4494Clinical & Experimental Neuroimmunology -Dementia & Mental Health -Epilepsy Journal -Insights in Clinical Neurology -International Journal of Neurorehabilitation 2376-0281Multiple Sclerosis 2376-0389Neurological Disorders 2329-6895Neurology & Neurophysiology 2155-9562Neurology and Neuroscience 2171-6625Neuropsychiatry -Neuroscience & Clinical Research -Schizophrenia Journal -

Thrombosis and Circulation -Thyroid Disorders & Therapy 2167-7948Translational Medicine 2161-1025Transplant Reports : Open Access -Transplantation Technologies & Research 2161-0991Trauma & Acute Care -Trauma & Treatment 2167-1222Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment 2324-8947Tropical Medicine & Surgery 2329-9088Tumor Diagnostics and Reports -Universal Surgery 2254-6758Vascular Medicine & Surgery 2329-6925Vitiligo & Dermatomyositis -Voice Medicine & Surgery -Women’s Health Care 2167-0420Wound Medicine and Tissue Repair -Yoga & Physical Therapy 2157-7595

Social & Political SciencesAnthropology 2332-0915Arts and Social Sciences Journal 2151-6200Civil & Legal Sciences 2169-0170Forensic Anthropology -Global Media Journal 1550-7521Intellectual Property Rights: Open Access 2375-4516Mass Communication & Journalism 2165-7912Political Science & Public Affairs 2332-0761Research & Reviews: Journal of Educational Studies -Research & Reviews: Journal of Social Sciences -Socialomics 2167-0358Sociology & Criminology 2375-4435

Veterinary SciencesAnimal Nutrition -Primatology 2167-6801Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Sciences -Research & Reviews: Journal of Zoological Sciences 2321-6190Veterinary Science & Medical Diagnosis 2325-9590Veterinary Science & Technology 2157-7579

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Impact Factors* (IF)

Journal Name Pubmed Short Name Impact Factor

Biological Systems: Open Access Biol Syst Open Access 0.76Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials J Biotechnol Biomater 1.94Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy J Psychol Psychother 1.3Advanced Techniques in Biology & Medicine Adv Tech Biol Med 1.08AIDS & Clinical Research J AIDS Clin Res 2.7Autism Open Access Autism Open Access 3.52Biochemistry & Physiology: Open Access Biochem Physiol 1.03

Diversity Equality in Health & Care Divers Equal Health Care 2.49

Drug Designing: Open Access Drug Des 6Fungal Genomics & Biology Fungal Genom Biol 1.15International Journal of Genomic Medicine Int J Genomic Med 0.67Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy J Addict Res Ther 2.86Journal of Alzheimers Disease & Parkinsonism

J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 1.18

Journal of Fertilization: In Vitro JFIV Reprod Med Genet 1Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene therapy

J Genet Syndr Gene Ther 2.34

Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology

J Microb Biochem Technol 2.5

Journal of Nursing & Care J Nurs Care 1.6Journal of Osteoporosis and Physical Activity J Osteopor Phys Act 0.66Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy J Yoga Phys Ther 1.17Molecular Biology Mol Biol 1.85Neurology & Neurophysiology J Neurol Neurophysiol 0.77Primary health care Prim Health Care 1Quality in Primary Care Qual Prim Care 3.88Tissue Science & Engineering J Tissue Sci Eng 2.72Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry Biochem Anal Biochem 2.6Molecular and Genetic Medicine J Mol Genet Med 2.89Advancements in Genetic Engineering Adv Genet Eng 1Enzyme Engineering Enz Eng 2.3Depression and Anxiety J Depress Anxiety 1Human Genetics & Embryology Human Genet Embryol 1.2Current Synthetic and Systems Biology Curr Synthetic Sys Biol 0.8Hereditary Genetics: Current Research Hereditary Genet 1.2International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience Int J Emerg Ment Health 6.5

Spine J Spine 1.9Cloning & Transgenesis Clon Transgen 1.5Journal of Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis J Med Microb Diagn 1.9Biosensors Journal Biosens J 0.33Defense Management J Def Manag 0.5Review of Public Administration and Management

Review Pub Administration Manag 0.2

Single cell biology Single Cell Biol 1Gerontology & Geriatric Research J Gerontol Geriatr Res 1Neuroinfectious Diseases J Neuroinfect Dis 2.4Cell Science & Therapy J Cell Sci Ther 1.37Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis J Mol Biomark Diagn 2.1Brain Disorders & Therapy Brain Disord Ther 1.6Clinical Case Reports J Clin Case Rep 1.2Gene Technology Gene Technol 0.83Socialomics J Socialomics 2.3Journal of Trauma and Treatment J Trauma Treat 0.6Translational Biomedicine Transl Biomed 1.06Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience J Neurol Neurosci 0.88Research & Reviews: Journal of Botanical Sciences J Bot Sci 0.33

Journal of Psychiatry J Psychiatry 2.32Anaplastology Anaplastology 0.73Tropical Medicine & Surgery Trop Med Surg 0.4Orthopedic & Muscular System: Current Research Orthop Muscular Syst 0.32

Pediatrics & Therapeutics Pediat Therapeut 1.32

Sports Medicine & Doping Studies J Sports Med Doping Stud 1.45

Journal of Oral Hygiene & Health J Oral Hyg Health 0.52Emergency Medicine Emerg Med (Los Angel) 0.875Journal of Transplantation Technologies & Research

J Transplant Technol Res 1.39

Journal of Hypertension: Open Access J Hypertens (Los Angel) 0.92International Journal of Waste Resources Int J Waste Resour 1.95Surgery: Current research Surgery Curr Re 0.587

Oral Health and Dental Management Oral Health Dent Manag 1.23International Journal of Advancement technology Int J Adv Tech 5.08

Translational Medicine Transl Med (Sunnyvale) 1.312

Air and Water Borne Diseases Air Water Borne Diseases 0.6

Journal of Coastal Zone Management J Coast Zone Manag 0.54Biology and Medicine Biol Med (Aligarh) 3.07Journal of Bioterrorism and Biodefense J Bioterror Biodef 0.38Journal of Tropical Diseases & Public Health J Trop Dis 0.83

Journal of Surgery Journal of Surgery [Jurnalul de chirurgie] 0.08

Nephrology & Therapeutics J Nephrol Ther 0.318Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl 1.41

Advances in Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety

Adv Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 1.37

Bioanalysis & Biomedicine J Bioanal Biomed 1.67

Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access Biochem Pharmacol (Los Angel) 2.09

Bioequivalence & Bioavailability J Bioequiv Availab 1.88Biomolecular Research & Therapeutics J Biomol Res Ther 1.67Cardiovascular Pharmacology: Open Access Cardiol Pharmacol 1.77Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology Clin Exp Pharmacol 1.83

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 1.69

Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics J Data Mining Genomics Proteomics 2

Drug Metabolism & Toxicology J Drug Metab Toxicol 1.37Ergonomics J Ergonomics 1.38Glycomics & Lipidomics J Glycomics Lipidomics 1.82Health & Medical Informatics J Health Med Inform 1.98

Metabolomics: Open Access Metabolomics (Los Angel) 3.03

Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery J Nanomedine Biotherapeutic Discov 2.69

OMICS Journal of Radiology OMICS J Radiol 0.54Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta Pharm Anal Acta 1.83Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs: Open Access Pharm Regul Aff 1.88

Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacoproteomics J Pharmacogenomics Pharmacoproteomics 1.69

Pharmacovigilance J Pharmacovigil 2.65

Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology J Phylogenetics Evol Biol 2.76

Proteomics & Bioinformatics J Proteomics Bioinform 2.55Advances in Automobile Engineering Adv Automob Eng 1.750Advances in Robotics & Automation Adv Robot Autom 0.813Arts and Social Sciences Journal Arts Social Sci J 1.231Bioceramics Developments and Applications Bioceram Dev Appl 0.958Business & Financial Affairs J Bus & Fin Aff 2.000

Generalized Lie Theory and Applications J Generalized Lie Theory Appl 1.750

Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering Irrigat Drainage Sys Eng 4.286Industrial Engineering & Management Ind Eng Manage 0.474

Aeronautics & Aerospace Engineering J Aeronaut Aerospace Eng 1.407

Applied & Computational Mathematics J Appl Computat Math 0.581Architectural Engineering Technology J Archit Eng Tech 1.071Accounting & Marketing J Account Mark 0.500

Aquaculture Research & Development J Aquac Res Development 1.272

Bioengineering & Biomedical Science J Bioeng Biomed Sci 1.235Biometrics & Biostatistics J Biomet Biostat 1.272Biosensors & Bioelectronics J Biosens Bioelectron 2.137Civil & Environmental Engineering J Civil Environ Eng 1.294Cytology & Histology J Cytol Histol 0.569Civil & Legal Sciences J Civil Legal Sci 0.286Ecosystem & Ecography J Ecosyst Ecogr 1.806Electrical & Electronic Systems J Elec Electron Syst 0.533Earth Science & Climatic Change J Earth Sci Clim Change 2.082Geography & Natural Disasters J Geogr Nat Disast 0.800Hotel & Business Management J Hotel Bus Manage 1.600Information Technology & Software Engineering J Inform Tech Soft Engg 2.789

Molecular Imaging & Dynamics J Mol Imaging Dynam 2.091

Impact Factors* (IF)

Page 12

Earth Science & Climatic Change J Earth Sci Clim Change 2.082Geography & Natural Disasters J Geogr Nat Disast 0.800Hotel & Business Management J Hotel Bus Manage 1.600Information Technology & Software Engineering J Inform Tech Soft Engg 2.789

Molecular Imaging & Dynamics J Mol Imaging Dynam 2.091Petroleum & Environmental Engineering J Pet Environ Biotechnol 2.839Stock & Forex Trading J Stock Forex Trad 0.300Textile Science & Engineering J Textile Sci Eng 0.667Tourism & Hospitality J Tourism Hospit 1.190

Telecommunications System & Management J Telecommun Syst Manage 0.800

Physical Mathematics J Phys Math 4.500Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology J Nanomed Nanotechnol 4.68Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review Arab J Bus Manage Rev 1.42

Research and Reviews: Journal of Engineering and Technology

Engineering and Technology 0.14

Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering J Material Sci Eng 1.31Journal of Mass Communication & Journalism

J Mass Communicat Journalism 0.62

Journal of Powder Metallurgy & Mining J Powder Metall Min 0.71Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering J Appl Mech Eng 1.65Archives of Clinical Microbiology 0.35Dentistry Dentistry 1.22Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism J Diabetes Metab 1.77Otolaryngology: Current Research Otolaryngol (Sunnyvale) 0.22Journal of Metabolic Syndrome J Metabolic Synd 1.27Journal of Primatology J Primatol 0.53Journal of Thyroid Disorders & Therapy Thyroid Disorders Ther 0.43Jounal of Novel Physiotherapies J Nov Physiother 1.24Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy J Stem Cell Res Ther 2.78Anatomy & Physiology: Current Research Anat Physiol 1Pancreatic Disorders & Therapy Pancreat Disord Ther 0.54Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy J Cancer Sci Ther 4.203Journal of Biomedical Sciences 0.2Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy J Nutr Disord Ther 1.46Medical & Surgical Urology Med Surg Urol 0.3Journal of Biochips & Tissue Chips J Biochip Tissue Chip 1.7Journal of Liver J Liver 0.08Journal of Family Medicine and Medical Research Fam Med Med Sci Res 0.78

Gynecology & Obstetrics Gynecol Obstet (Sunnyvale) 0.52

Journal of Integrative Oncology J Integr Oncol 1.67Journal of Neonatal Biology J Neonatal Biol 0.55Journal of Glycobiology J Glycobiology 0.8Journal of Blood & Lymph J Blood Lymph 0.12Journal of Arthritis J Arthritis 1.87Journal of Membrane Science & Technology J Membra Sci Technol 1.18

Medicinal Chemistry Med Chem (Los Angeles) 2.64

Journal of Physical Chemistry & Biophysics J Phys Chem Biophys 0.75Organic Chemistry: Current Research Organic Chem Curr Res 1.94Journal of Bioprocessing & Biotechniques J Bioprocess Biotech 1.74Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology J Environ Anal Toxicol 2.58

Journal of Chemical Engineering & Process Technology

J Chem Eng Process Technol 1.21

Journal of Computer Science & Systems Biology J Comput Sci Syst Biol 1.62

Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques J Anal Bioanal Tech 2.16

Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology J Plant Biochem Physiol 2.28Journal of Chromatography & Separation Techniques J Chromatogr Sep Tech 1.78

Journal of Thermodynamics & Catalysis 0.91

Community Medicine & Health Education J Community Med Health Educ 1.27

Epidemiology: Open Access Epidemiology (Sunnyvale) 1.35

Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy J Obes Weight Loss Ther 0.94

Pain & Relief J Pain Relief 1.14Palliative Care & Medicine J Palliat Care Med 0.88Steroids & Hormonal Science J Steroids Horm Sci 0.65Gastrointestinal & Digestive System J Gastrointest Dig Syst 0.43Hair: Therapy & Transplantation 0.6Andrology Andrology (Los Angel) 1.16Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome Endocrinol Metab Syndr 1.12Internal Medicine 2.48Sleep Disorders & Therapy J Sleep Disord Ther 0.5Nuclear Medicine & Radiation Therapy J Nucl Med Radiat Ther 0.88Alternative & Integrative Medicine Altern Integr Med 1.11Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine J Pulm Respir Med 1.01Occupational Medicine Health Affairs Occup Med Health Aff 0.85Reproductive System & Sexual Disorders Reprod Syst Sex Disord 1.25Medical Diagnostic Methods 0.29Blood Disorders & Transfusion J Blood Disord Transfus 0.5General Medicine Gen Med (Los Angel) 0.86Bioenergetics: Open Access Bioenergetics 3.1

Chemotherapy: Open Access Chemotherapy (Los Angel) 1.8

Clinical & Experimental Pathology J Clin Exp Pathol 1.54Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis J Carcinog Mutagen 1.9Clinical Research & Bioethics J Clinic Res Bioeth 0.95Vaccines & Vaccination J Vaccines Vaccin 1.8Immunome Research Immunome Res 7.1Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1.11Clinical & Experimental Dermotology Research J Clin Exp Dermatol Res 0.5

Clinical & Experimental Cardiology J Clin Exp Cardiolog 1.33Clinical Microbiology: Open Access Clin Microbiol 0.7Anesthesia & Clinical research J Anesth Clin Res 0.7Mycobacterial Diseases Mycobact Dis 0.9Clinical Toxicology J Clin Toxicol 1.39Clinical Trials & Research J Clin Trials 1.33Antivirals & Antiretrovirals J Antivir Antiretrovir 1.27Fermentation Technology Ferment Technol 3.44Clinical & Cellular immunology J Clin Cell Immunol 2.019Allergy & Therapy J Allergy Ther 0.762Bacteriology & Parasitology J Bacteriol Parasitol 2.025

Rheumatology: Current Research Rheumatology (Sunnyvale) 1.522

Virology & Mycology Virol Mycol 0.69

Clinics in Mother and Child Health Clinics Mother Child Health 0.432

Womens Health Care J Womens Health Care 0.79Marine Science: Research & Development J Marine Sci Res Dev 0.45Plant Pathology & Microbiology J Plant Pathol Microbiol 1.75Geology & Geophysics J Geol Geophys 0.91FisheriesSciences J Fisheries Sci 0.51Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal Fish Aquac J 0.69Bioremediation & Biodegradation J Bioremediat Biodegrad 2.1Advances in Crop Science and Technology Adv Crop Sci Tech 0.39Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS J Geophys Remote Sens 0.77Biofertilizers & Biopesticides J Biofertil Biopestic. 1.19Hydrology: Current Research Hydrol Current Res 1.12Probiotics & Health J Prob Health 0.69Veterinary Science & Technology J Veterinar Sci Technolo 2.5Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Med Aromat Plants 2.02Forest Research Forest Res 1.69International Journal of Sensor Networks and Data Communications

Sensor Netw Data Commun 1.66

Innovative Energy Policies Innov Energ Policies 0.88

Biodiversity & Endangered Species J Biodivers Endanger Species 0.25

Biosafety Biosafety 0.49Agrotechnology Agrotechnol 0.69Journal of Traditional Medicine and Clinical Naturopathy

J Tradition Med Clin Naturopth 0.49

Nutrition & Food Sciences J Nutr Food Sci 1.14

Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology Entomol Ornithol Herpetol 1.26

Impact Factor Calculation:Impact Factor was established by dividing the number of articles published in 2012 and 2013 with the number of times they are cited in 2014 based on Google search and the Scholar Citation Index database. If ‘X’ is the total number of articles published in 2012 and 2013, and ‘Y’ is the number of times these articles were cited in indexed journals during 2014 than, impact factor = Y/X

Page 13

1155th Conferenceconferenceseries.com


September 07-09, 2017 | Paris, FranceInfectious Diseases


Supporting Journals

Page 14


Supporting Journals

Journal of Infectious Diseases & Therapywww.omicsonline.org/infectious-diseases-and-therapy.php

Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitologywww.omicsonline.org/bacteriology-parasitology.php

Journal of Medical Microbiology & Diagnosiswww.omicsonline.org/medical-microbiology-diagnosis.php

Page 15

Meet Inspiring Speakers and Experts at our 3000+ Global Events Every year on Medical, Pharma, Engineering, Science, Technology, Business and 40 Varient fields

AGRI, FOOD & AQUA18th Global Summit onFood & Beverages Oct 02-04, 2017 Chicago, USA8th International Conference on Fisheries & Aquaculture Oct 02-04, 2017 Toronto, Canada9th Global Food Safety Conference Dec 04-06, 2017 Atlanta, USA20th Global Food Processing & Technology Summit Dec 11-13 , 2017 Philadelphia, USA10th International Conference on Agriculture & Horticulture Oct 02-04, 2017 London, UK7th International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries Oct 19-21, 2017 Madrid, Spain19th International Conference on Food Processing & Technology Oct 23-25, 2017 Paris, France2nd International Conference on Food Microbiology Nov 09-11, 2017 Madrid, SpainWorld Aqua Congress Oct 23-24, 2017 Dubai, UAE

5th International Food Safety, Quality &Policy ConferenceNov 27-28, 2017 Dubai, UAE

ALTERNATIVE HEALTHCARE23rd International Conference onHerbal and Alternative Remedies for Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders Nov 02-04, 2017 Thailand, Bangkok

BIOCHEMISTRY10th International Conference and Exhibition on Metabolomics & Systems Biology Oct 16-17, 2017 Baltimore, USA

3rd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering Nov 08-09, 2017 Las Vegas, USA9th International Conference and Expo on Proteomics Oct 23-25, 2017 Paris, France9th International Conference onBioinformatics Oct 23-24, 2017 Paris, France3rd International Conference onLipid Science & Technology Dec 11-12, 2017 Madrid, Spain3rd International Conference onTranscriptomics Oct 30- Nov 01, 2017 Thailand, Bangkok

CARDIOLOGY21st International Conference on Clinical & Experimental Cardiology Nov 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA

20th European Cardiology Conference Oct 16-18, 2017 Budapest, Hungery

22nd World Cardiology Conference Dec 11-12, 2017 Madrid, Spain

16th World Cardiology Congress December 08-10, 2017 Dubai, UAE

3rd Global Summit on Heart Diseases Nov 02-04, 2017 Thailand, Bangkok

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING7th International Congress and Expo on Biofuels & Bioenergy Oct 02-04, 2017 Toronto, Canada3rd International Conference on Chemical Engineering Oct 02-04, 2017 Chicago, USA

7th International Conference and Exhibition on Biopolymers and BioplasticsOct 19-21, 2017 San Francisco, USA7th World Congress on Petrochemistry and Chemical Engineering Nov13-15, 2017 Atlanta, USA2nd World Biodiesel Congress & Expo Dec 04-05, 2017 Atlanta, USA6th International Congress and Expo on Biofuels, Bioenergy & Bioeconomy Dec 04-06, 2017 Sao Paulo, BrazilInternational Conference onRenewable Energy and ResourcesOct 05-07, 2017 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

CHEMISTRY4th International Conference onPast and Present Research Systems of Green Chemistry Oct 16-18, 2017 Atlanta, USA7th International Conference onMedicinal Chemistry & Computer Aided DrugDesigningNov 02-04, 2017 San Antonio, USA2nd International Conference onNuclear ChemistryNov 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA2nd International Conference and Exhibition on Polymer ChemistryNov 06-08, 2017 Las Vegas, USA2nd International Conference onPharmaceutical ChemistryOct 02-04, 2017 Barcelona, Spain5th International Conference and Expo on Separation TechniquesOct 23-25, 2017 Paris, France10th Annual Chemistry CongressOct 18-19, 2017 Osaka, Japan6th Global Congress onMass SpectrometryOct 18-19, 2017 Osaka, Japan7th Global Mass Spectrometry CongressDec 14-16, 2017 Dubai, UAE

DENTISTRY24th Euro Congress on Dental & Oral HealthOct 19-20, 2017 Budapest, HungeryInternational Conference onDentistry & Dental MarketingOct 05-06, 2017 Las Vegas, USA29th Annual World Congress on Dental Medicine & Dentistry Oct 16-18, 2017 NewYork, USA37th Global Summit on Dental Surgeons & Dental MaterialsNov 02-04, 2017 San Antonio, USA

38th Annual Congress on World DentistryNov 06-08, 2017 San Antonio, USA26th American Dental CongressDec 04-06, 2017 Atlanta, USA39th World Dental Congress SummitDec 04-06, 2017 Sao Paulo, Brazil37th Asia Pacific Dental and Oral Care Congress Nov 20-22, 2017 Australia, Melbourne9th Clinical Dermatology CongressOct 16-18, 2017 NewYork, USA13th International Conference and Exhibition onCosmetic Dermatology and Hair care Oct 26-27, 2017 Paris, France

23rd Asia Pacific Dermatology ConferenceOct 26-28, 2017 Osaka, Japan

DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGYInternational Conference onDiabetes, Metabolism & ObesityNov15-17, 2017 Las Vegas, USAInternational Conference onDiabetes and Endocrinology Dec 06-08, 2017 Atlanta, USA21th International Conference on Diabetes Oct 05-06, 2017 London, UK2nd International Conference onHerbal and Alternative Remedies forDiabetes and Endocrine DisordersNov 02-04, 2017 Thailand, Bangkok25th Global Diabetes and Medicare ExpoDec 11-12, 2017 Dubai, UAE

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES3rd Annual Congress onPollution and Global Warming Oct 16-18, 2017 Atlanta, USA

4th International Conference on GreenEnergy & Expo Nov 06-08, 2017 Las Vegas, USA

5th International Conference onRecycling: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Nov 06-08, 2017 Las Vegas, USA2nd International Conference onPollution Control and Sustainable EnvironmentOct 10-11, 2017 London, UK4th World Conference onClimate Change Oct 19-21, 2017 Madrid, Spain2nd World Congress onClimate Change and Global Warming Oct 16-17, 2017 Dubai, UAE

EEE & ENGINEERING5th International Conference and Exhibition on Mechanical & Aerospace EngineeringOct 02-04, 2017 Las Vegas, USA4th World Congress and Exhibition onConstruction and Steel StructureOct 16-18, 2017 Atlanta, USA7th International Conference onNuclear EngineeringOct 16-18, 2017 Atlanta, USAInternational Conference on Applied Energy Oct 23-24, 2017 Orlando USA

Page 16

6th International Conference onBiostatistics & BioinformaticsNov13-14, 2017 Atlanta, USA2nd Global Summit on Fluid Dynamics &Aerodynamics Oct 19-20, 2017 Madrid, SpainInternational Conference onMechatronics, Automation and IntelligentMaterials Oct 23-25, 2017 Paris, France3rd World Congress on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Oct 23-24, 2017 Osaka, Japan

GASTROENTEROLOGY2nd International Conference onHepatology & Gastroenterology Nov 13-14, 2017 Las Vegas, USA2nd International Conference onDigestive DiseasesOct 16-17, 2017 London, UK10th International Conference onGastroenterologyOct 30- Nov 01, 2017 Bangkok, Thailand

GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY13th World Biotechnology CongressOct 19-20, 2017 NewYork, USA2nd World Biotechnology CongressDec 04-05, 2017 Sao Paulo, Brazil7th International Conference onTissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineOct 02-04, 2017 Barcelona, Spain10th International Convention on Stem Cell and BiobankingOct 23-24, 2017 Osaka, Japan

GEOLOGY & EARTH SCIENCE2nd International Convention onGeophysics and Geo technicsNov 08-09, 2017 Las Vegas, USA2nd International Convention onGeosciences and Remote SensingNov 08-09, 2017 Las Vegas, USAAnnual Congress on Soil SciencesDec 04-05, 2017 Madrid, Spain5th International Conference on Oceanography and Marine Biology Oct 16-17, 2017 Seoul, South Korea

HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT6th International Conference onEpidemiology & Public Health Oct 23-25, 2017 Paris, France

2nd International Conference on Health & Hospital Management Nov 06-07, 2017 Vienna, Austria International Conference onMedical EducationNov 06-08, 2017 Vienna, Austria 12th World Congress onHealthcare and Medical TourismOct 16-17, 2017 Dubai, UAE

IMMUNOLOGY 3rd Antibodies and Bio Therapeutics CongressNov 08-09, 2017 Las Vegas, USA5th International conference onHIV/AIDS, STDS & STISNov 13-14, 2017 Las Vegas, USA

9th World Congress and Expo onImmunologyNov 02-03, 2017 Atlanta, USA3rd International Conference onImmunity, Inflammation and ImmunotherapiesNov 02-03, 2017 Atlanta, USA2nd International Conference on AutoimmunityNov 09-10, 2017 Madrid, SpainWorld Immunology CongressDec 14-15, 2017 Dubai, UAE

INFECTIOUS DISEASES13th World Congress onInfection Prevention and ControlOct 26-27, 2017 Milano, Italy3rd Annual Congress onRare Diseases and Orphan DrugsOct 30-Nov 01, 2017 San Antonio, USA

3rd International conference onFlu & Emerging Infectious DiseasesNov 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious DiseasesCongress Oct 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan

MATERIALS SCIENCE3rd International Conference onPolymer Science and EngineeringOct 02-04, 2017 Chicago, USA

2nd International Conference onApplied CrystallographyOct 16-18, 2017 Chicago, USA13th International Conference and Exhibition onMaterials Science and EngineeringNov13-15, 2017 Las Vegas, USA14th International Conference onFunctional Energy MaterialsDec 06-07, 2017 Atlanta, USA

International Conference on Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Oct 26-28, 2017 Osaka, Japan

MICROBIOLOGY2nd International conference onHuman PapillomavirusNov13-14, 2017 Las Vegas, USA

Global Veterinary Microbiology Summit & ExpoOct 02-04, 2017 Las Vegas, USA11th World Summit onMedical MicrobiologyOct 02-04, 2017 Las Vegas, USA

World Summit on Nosocomial and Healthcare Associated InfectionsOct 02-04, 2017 Las Vegas, USA6th Annual Conference on MicrobiologyOct 16-17, 2017 Baltimore, USA11th World Congress on VirologyOct 16-17, 2017 Baltimore, USAWorld Yeast CongressDec 06-07, 2017 Sao Paulo, Brazil6th Clinical Microbiology ConferenceOct 26-27, 2017 Paris, France

4th World Congress and Expo on Applied Microbiology Nov 09-11, 2017 Madrid, Spain

2nd International Conference and Summit onIndustrial and Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyOct 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan

10th International Congress on Clinical VirologyDec 04-05, 2017 Dubai, UAEAnnual Congress on Microbes and InfectionDec 04-05, 2017 Dubai, UAE

NANOTECHNOLOGY22th International Conference and Expo onNanoscience and Molecular NanotechnologyNov 13-14, 2017 Vienna, Austria

19th International Conference onNanotek and ExpoNov13-15, 2017 Atlanta, USA17th Nanotechnology products and SummitNov13-15, 2017 Atlanta, USA15th World Medical Nanotechnology Congress & ExpoOct 18-19, 2017 Osaka, Japan 3rd Biomedical Engineering and Expo Nov 07-08, 2017 Barcelona, Spain

NEPHROLOGY16th European Nephrology ConferenceOct 02-04, 2017 Barcelona, Spain17th World Nephrology ConferenceOct 18-19, 2017 Dubai, UAE

NEUROSCIENCE3rd International Conference on Spinal SurgeryOct 16-17, 2017 Chicago, USA8th International Conference and Exhibition onAddiction Research & TherapyNov 13-15, 2017 Las Vegas, USA16th International Conference onNeuro Cognitive DisordersOct 10-11, 2017 London, UK9th International Conference onAlzheimer’s Disease & DementiaOct 16-18, 2017 Madrid, Spain6th International Conference onBrain Disorders and TherapeuticsNov 06-08, 2017 Madrid, Spain18th Global Neurologists Annual Meeting onNeurology and Neuro SurgeryNov 16-17, 2017 Vienna, Austria15th International Conference on NeuroscienceOct 16-17, 2017 Osaka, Japan13th Global Neurologists Annual Meeting onNeurology and Neuro SurgeryNov 27-28, 2017 Dubai, UAE

NURSING3rd International Conference on Reproductive Health Oct 05-06, 2017 Chicago, USA11th Global Healthcare and Fitness SummitOct 16-18, 2017 San Francisco, USA46th Global Nursing and Healthcare Conference Dec 06-07, 2017 Sao Paulo, Brazil


Page 17

40th International Conference onNursing & HealthcareOct 16-18, 2017 NewYork, USA4th International Conference on Gynecology & Obstetrics Oct 02-04, 2017 Barcelona, Spain13th International Conference onMidwifery and Women’s HealthOct 02-04, 2017 London, UK41st Euro Nursing & Medicare SummitOct 26-28, 2017 Paris, France27th Surgical Nursing & Nurse EducationConference Oct 16-17, 2017 Dubai, UAE

Asia-Pacific Nursing and Medicare SummitOct 05-07, 2017 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaWorld Congress onNursing Pharmacology and Nursing EducationNov 20-21, 2017 Melbourne, Australia

NUTRITION & OBESITY16th International conference and Exhibition on Obesity & Weight ManagementNov16-17, 2017 Atlanta, USA

17th World Fitness ExpoNov 16-17, 2017 Atlanta, USA6th International Conference and Exhibition on Probiotics, Functional and Baby FoodsOct 02-03, 2017 London, UK15th Global Obesity MeetingOct 23-24, 2017 Dubai, UAE18th Global Dieticians & NutritionistsAnnual Meeting Oct 02-03, 2017 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia16th Obesity Medicine ConferenceOct 30- Nov 01, 2017 Thailand, Bangkok

ONCOLOGY & CANCER25th World Congress on Cancer TherapyOct 18-20, 2017 Baltimore, USA10th Annual World Congress onBiomarkers & Clinical ResearchOct 18-20, 2017 Chicago, USA5th International Conference onMedical Imaging and RadiologyOct 19-20, 2017 NewYork, USA15th World Oncologists Annual ConferenceOct 19-20, 2017 NewYork, USAWorld Medical and Clinical OncologyCongress Nov13-15 , 2017 Las Vegas, USA

5th World Congress on Breast CancerOct 16-18, 2017 San Francisco, USA9th International Conference onHematology and Hematological OncologyNov 08-09, 2017, Las Vegas, USA11th International Conference onHematologic OncologyOct 05-06, 2017 London, UK25th World Cancer ConferenceOct 19-21, 2017 Madrid, SpainInternational Conference on EpigeneticsNov 06-07, 2017 Madrid, Spain9th International Conference on BiomarkersOct 16-17, 2017 Osaka, Japan14th Asia Pacific Oncologists Annual Meeting Oct 26-28, 2017 Osaka, Japan

World Cancer ConventionNov 27-28, 2017 Dubai, UAEInternational Conference on Cancer DiagnosticsNov 27-28, 2017 Dubai, UAEInternational Conference on Epigenetic ResearchOct 26-28, 2017 Osaka, Japan

OPHTHALMOLOGY20th World Ophthalmology SummitDec 04-05, 2017 Sao Paulo, Brazil 18th European Ophthalmology Congress Dec 07-09, 2017 Madrid, Spain2nd World Ophthalmology Conference Oct 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan 17th Global Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Conference Nov 27-28, 2017 Dubai ,UAE

PALLIATIVE CARE8th International Conference onGeriatric Medicine & Gerontological Nursing Oct 30-Nov 01, 2017 San Antonio, USA

PATHOLOGY7th International Conference on Predictive, Preventive and Personalized Medicine & Molecular DiagnosticsOct 5-6, 2017 Chicago, USA 6th Experts Meeting onMedical Case Reports Oct 16-18, 2017 San Francisco, USA 2nd International conference onDigital PathologyNov 02-03, 2017 San Antonio, USA

PEDIATRICS2nd World Congress Pediatric Oncology & Pediatric Medicine Oct 05-06, 2017 Las Vegas, USA2nd Annual Congress onInfancy, Child Nutrition & Development (ICND) Oct 19-21, 2017 Atlanta,USA 5th Annual Conference on Translational Medicine Nov15-16, 2017 Las Vegas, USA 20th International Conference on Neonatology and Perinatology Dec 04-06, 2017 Madrid, Spain

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES10th International Conference and Exhibition on Biologics and Biosimilars Oct 16-17, 2017 Baltimore, USA 11th World Drug Delivery Summit Oct 16-18, 2017 NewYork, USA 5th International Conference onClinical PharmacyOct 23-24, 2017 Orlando, USA International Conference onBiotech PharmaceuticalsOct 23-25, 2017 Paris, FranceEuropean Biopharma CongressNov 16-17, 2017 Vienna, Austria3rd Global Summits on Herbal & Traditional Medicine Oct 18-20, 2017 Osaka, Japan9th Annual Congress on Drug Formulation & Drug Design Oct 19-21, 2017 Seoul, South Korea

10th International Conference on Neuropharmacology and Neuropharmaceuticals Oct 23-24, 2017 Dubai, UAE 3rd World Congress on Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Oct 02-04, 2017 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 6th Global Congress on Mass Spectrometry Oct 18-19, 2017 Osaka, Japan 17th International Conference on Nanomedicine and Nanotechnologyin Health Care Nov 23-24, 2017 Melbourne, Australia 10th International Conferences on Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology Nov 20-21, 2017 Melbourne, Australia

PHYSICAL THERAPY & REHABILITATION6th International Conference on Physiotherapy Nov 27-28, 2017 Dubai, UAE

PHYSICS3rd International Conference on Theoretical and Condensed Matter PhysicsOct 19-21, 2017 NewYork, USA2nd International Conference onAstrophysics and Particle PhysicsOct 30-Nov1, 2017 San Antonio, USA8th International Conference and Exhibition on Lasers, Optics & Photonics Nov 02-04, 2017 San Antonio, USA 2nd International Conference onAtomic and Nuclear Physics Nov 8-9, 2017 Las Vegas, USA International Conference on High Energy Physics Dec 11-12, 2017 Madrid, Spain

PSYCHIATRY2nd Experts Meeting on Forensic Psychology and Criminology Oct 02-03, 2017 London, UK

24th International Conference on Psychiatry & Psychosomatic Medicine Oct 02-04, 2017 London, UK 25th World Summit on Psychology, Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Oct 19-20, 2017 San Francisco, USA5th International Conference on CounselingPsychology Oct 16-17, 2017 Osaka, JapanInternational Conference onPsychiatry and Mental HealthNov 20-21, 2017 Melbourne, Australia 10th World Psychiatrists MeetDec 07-08, 2017 Dubai, UAE

RESPIRATORY 5th International Conference and Exhibition on Lung and Respiratory Care Oct 19-20, 2017 San Francisco, USA

SURGERY2nd International Conference on Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Oct 16-18, 2017 Madrid, Spain

4th International Conference and Exhibition on Rhinology and OtologyOct 18-20, 2017 Dubai, UAE


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TOXICOLOGY12th International Conference onEnvironmental Toxicology and Ecological Risk AssessmentOct 19-20, 2017 Atlanta,USA 11th International Congress onToxicology and Risk ManagementOct 10-12, 2017 London, UK International Conference onOccupational Toxicology and Industrial Health Oct 16-17, 2017 Dubai, UAE

VACCINES19th World Congress on Vaccines, Therapeutics for Infectious and Emerging DiseasesOct 02-03, 2017 Chicago, USA 27th Asia Pacific Vaccines & Vaccination Conference Oct 05-07, 2017 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 29th Global Vaccines & Vaccination Summit And Expo Nov 30-Dec 1, 2017 Dubai, UAE

VETERINARY8th International Conference onAnimal Health and Veterinary MedicineOct 02-04, 2017 Toronto, Canada9th Global Veterinary Summit Nov15-16, 2017 Las Vegas, USA


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Day 1

Keynote Forum

Volume 5, Issue 6(Suppl)J Infect Dis Ther, an open access journal

ISSN: 2332-0877Euro Infectious Diseases 2017

September 07-09, 2017

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Ishwar Gilada, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-031

Global control of HIV, HCV and infectious diseases: India is not a problem, but a solution

The global AIDS Epidemic has completed 36 years of its devastating presence killing over 35 million people. Yet India has brought hope to millions, for making HIV- a chronic, manageable and affordable disorder. Last decade has witnessed

astounding evolution in ART, from treating few to ‘Treat-All’ culminating in the WHO’s 90-90-90 by 2020 target, piggybacking on India’s strength. Fixed dose combination like anti-TB treatment, invented in India made ART affordable at 1% of innovators’ cost, accessible meets 80% of global ART and easier with single-dose regimen. Innovators called Indian Generics copy-cats. When ‘West copies East’, why apply different yardsticks? Indian pharma risked inviting litigations, circumvented patents using reverse engineering and steadily brought down cost, with 100% bio-equivalence. Cheapest FDC annual cost is down from US$ 10,439/- per patient to $69. ‘Magic’ cure for HIV is distant, but there are strategies and possibilities to end the epidemic. Indian ARVs are available including the newest Dolutegravir at 2% of innovator’s cost. For HCV cure, full course Sofosbuvir costs USD 84,000 globally, but in India its USD 1000 per patient through innovator’s voluntary licenses and USD 300 by patent violator, at 0.3% of International cost. Treating HIV-HCV is a public health imperative to prevent new transmissions, morbidity and mortality and delay will have grave public health consequences. Imagine a scenario of millions of HIV-HCV infections, minus India! Millions more would have died leading African continent towards extinction. The world recognized the Indian pharma strength in saving millions for decades from range of health issues only after HIV. In patents versus patients, the balance tilts towards patients to bridge the enormous gap. It’s a herculean task and will only be possible by an intensive and joint efforts of all including innovators. India will continue humanitarian mission to make life saving medicines affordable and accessible.

BiographyIshwar Gilada is a Medical Doctor, specialized in Skin and STDs with special training in HIV management. He is the founder of India’s first private sector comprehensive HIV Care clinic, President of AIDS Society of India and is Secretary General of Peoples Health Org. India. He was the Jt. Sec. of National AIDS Committee, Govt of India (1995-97). He was the first to raise alarm against AIDS in 1985, is known for bringing India on AIDS control map, had started India’s first AIDS Clinic-1986 and has expertise in HIV care in resource-poor settings. He had trained several Doctors, Nurses and Social workers. He was Editor-Publisher of AIDS ASIA from 1993 to 2008. He has initiated, managed, super-vised, evaluated over 40 HIV/AIDS projects in India, addressed over 3700 public meetings and training programs in India and abroad, has 280 scientific papers at conferences, written chapters in books on AIDS/STDs. He was consultant for American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR), World Vision, USAID; has more than 65 awards to his credit including the "Outstanding Young Person of the World" –Glasgow in 1995 and Annemarie Madison Award-Germany in 1999 in Munich, Germany where he was termed as ‘the Indian Machinegun against AIDS’.

[email protected]

Ishwar GiladaUnison Medicare and Research Centre, India




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Catherine Mullié, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-031

Comparison of efflux pumps expression in ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical and environmental strains from Algeria and FranceStatement of the Problem: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative ubiquitous microorganism found in various environmental niches as well as in human infections. It is innately resistant to many commercially available antibiotics and has acquired a wide array of resistance mechanisms, tremendously complicating the clinical handling of P. aeruginosa infections. Antibiotic resistance can be mediated by several molecular mechanisms, one of them being the efflux of antibiotics from the bacterium through efflux pumps. In P. aeruginosa, antibiotic efflux is mainly mediated by pumps belonging to the Resistance-Nodulation-Division family: MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN and MexXY-OprM. This work aimed to compare their expression in environmental and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa from Algeria and France either resistant or susceptible to fluoroquinolones to evaluate whether expression patterns would vary according to the sample origin and/or country.

Material & Methods: Clinical strains were collected from Amiens and Lille hospitals for France and Saida hospital for Algeria. Environmental strains were mostly isolated from water samples. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was evaluated by E-test and the broth microdilution method with and without an efflux inhibitor. Efflux pumps expression was then measured through a qRT-PCR experiment, using mexB, mexD, mexF and mexY as target genes.

Findings: 149 clinical and 30 environmental P. aeruginosa strains were included. According to EUCAST breakpoints, 29.8% and 11.1% of French and Algerian clinical strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, respectively. None of the environmental strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Analysis of qRT-PCR data showed that mexY expression was significantly increased in a majority of ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical strains while mexA was decreased.

Conclusion & Significance: This study showed that ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were more common in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates than in environmental one. The design of efflux inhibitors targeting MexXY-OprM efflux pump could therefore be of use to restore the activity of known antibiotics.

BiographyCatherine Mullié has obtained her PhD in Microbiology and a PharmD at the University of Lille, France, in 1999 and Post-doc at the Faculté de Medicine in Amiens (Laboratoire d’Immunologie, INSERM-EMI 0351). She was appointed as Assistant Professor at the Faculté de Pharmacie in Amiens in 2000 and joined the LG-2A (Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, UMR 7378 CNRS) in 2008. She has been a Member of the French Society for Microbiology since 2000. Her research is focused on the development of new antimicrobial and antimalarial drugs, with a special interest in efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. She is currently the Head of a bilateral project funded by France and Algeria (Partenariat Hubert Curien Tassili) on this topic.

[email protected]

Catherine MulliéUniversity of Lille, France

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Day 1Scientific Tracks & Abstracts

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Day 1 September 07, 2017

Major Sessions:

Viral Infectious Diseases|Bacterial Susceptibility & Resistance|Vaccines|Microbiology and Infectious Diseases|Emerging Infectious DiseasesSession ChairCatherine MulliéUniversity of Lille, France

Session IntroductionTitle: Development of five hyper-humanized antibodies neutralizing the Botulinum neurotoxins A,

B and E: The European AntiBotABE project.Arnaud Avril, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), France

Title: Phytotherapy from Mentha piperita L. modulates infection during experimental schistosomiasisFernanda de Freitas Anibal, University of Sao Paulo, Washington USA

Title: Molecular microbiology as a modern platform for rapid, specific, sensitive and unlimited detection of pathogenic microorganismsTereza jancuskova, KitGen, czech republic

Title: Biocontrol of emerging foodborne bacterial pathogens by bacteriophages Naim Deniz AYAZ, Kirikkale University, Turkey

Title: Mediterranean Spotted Fever in Children of the Karak Province in South JordanOmar Nafi, Mutah university, Jordhan

YRF: HIV care continuum outcomes: does Ethiopia meet the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets?Hailay Gesesew, Flinders University, Australia

Title: Seroprevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and C viruses among antenatal clinic attendees of Secondary Healthcare facilities in Akoko area of Ondo State, NigeriaFestus. A OLAJUBU, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria


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Development of five hyper-humanized antibodies neutralizing the Botulinum neurotoxins A, B and E: The European AntiBotABE projectArnaud Avril1, Sebastian Miethe2, Michel R Popoff3, Christelle Mazuet3, Christine Rasetti-escargueil4, Hannu Korkeala5, Dorothea Sesardic4, Thibaut Pelat6, and Michael Hust21Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, France2Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany3Unit of Anaerobic Bacteria and Toxins and National Reference Center of Anaerobic Bacteria and Botulism, Paris, France4National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, United Kingdom5University of Helsinki, Finland6Biotem, France

Botulism is a naturally occurring disease, mainly caused by the ingestion of food contaminated by one of the 7 serotypes (A to G) of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). BoNT/A is the most lethal biological substance currently known, with a human 50% lethal dose

estimated at 1 ng.kg-1, and they are classified among the 6 major biological warfare agents. AntiBotABE, a European Framework, 7 funded projects aimed to develop 6 humanized IgGs, neutralizing BoNT serotypes A, B and E by targeting their heavy (HC) and light chains (LC). Six macaques were immunized with the recombinant LC or HC of BoNT/A, B or E, and their corresponding immune libraries were generated and screened by phage-display. After each panning, the most reactive scFv were isolated and their affinity measured. Inhibition or neutralization capacities were determined in vitro (SNAP25 or VAMP2 endopeptidasic assay) or ex vivo (mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm assay). Neutralizing scFvs were identified for 5 of the 6 antigens. For each of the 5 libraries, the most efficient scFv was germline-humanized and expressed as full-length IgG. In the mouse bioassays, 3/5 IgGs alone and all IgGs in pairs, protected mice from paralysis or death after a challenge with the respective BoNT serotype. 1–5 Antibodies isolated during this project are potential lead candidates for further clinical development and we are looking for clinical development opportunity.

BiographyArnaud Avril works for the French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), based in Paris area. He has a Master degree in Genetic and Immunology from Lyon University (France) and a PhD in Biotechnology applied to antibodies from the Grenoble-Alpes University (France). He is the Head of a team specialized in the research, development and engineering of recombinant antibodies against rare diseases for biodefense. He has developed germline-humanized recombinant antibodies starting from non-human primates immunized with non-toxic antigens. He has contributed to the development of several antibodies neutralizing botulinum neurotoxins, anthrax, ricin and Orthopoxvirus. He has also contributed to the development immuno-diagnostic assays for the rapid, convenient and cheap detection of biological agents, for armed forces, medical staff and first responders. He is involved as an expert on the clinical development of a recombinant antibody for anthrax therapy.

[email protected]

Arnaud Avril et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Phytotherapy from Mentha piperita L. modulates infection during experimental schistosomiasisFernanda F Anibal1, Karina A Feitosa1, Maurício G Zaia1, Silmara M Allegretti2, Edson G Soares3 and Ana Afonso4

1UFSCar, Brazil 2UNICAMP, Brazil 3FMRP-USP, Brazil 4IHMT, Portugal

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease promoted by the parasite of the genus Schistosoma, and Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug recommended by the World Health Organization, but there are reports of resistance, suggesting the importance of

studying new compounds to treat this disease. In this work, we investigate the immunomodulatory and antiparasitic effects of Mentaliv (Apsen), from Mentha piperita L. during murine infection by S. mansoni (Sm). Experimental groups: Balb/c females, C, uninfected, SM, infected without treatment, Mentha 15 (50 mg/kg) infected with Sm (80 cercariae/animal), Mentha 60 (50 mg/kg), infected and treated daily for 60 days and PZQ, infected and treated with single dose (400 mg/kg) at the 43rd day after infection. The cell profile in the blood and serum IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines were analyzed. And the antiparasitic effect on egg count in the liver, intestine and granulomas, and comet assay for DNA modifications in worms recovered after treatments. Mentaliv phytotherapy has immunomodulatory and antiparasitic effects during murine infection of experimental schistosomiasis, by reducing serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10, and indirectly modulating negatively the blood eosinophils in the Mentha 60 group. In addition, there is an antiparasitic effect in these animals of the Mentha 60 group where there is a reduction in the number of eggs in the liver, intestine and in the hepatic granulomas. However, the absence of the genotoxic effect on Sm, suggests that other structures of the parasite other than DNA are being altered and thus contributing to the reduction of parasitic load. Thus, it is suggested that menthol and menton may be the main components of Mentha piperita L. with antiparasitic effect in this model.

BiographyFernanda F Anibal has completed her PhD from University of São Paulo, Brazil in Basic and Applied Immunology. She is a Principal Investigator at Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (Federal University of São Carlos) seeks new tools for the treatment, prevention and diagnostics for infectious diseases. Currently, they are working with two plants and six enzymes and their effects against Schistosomiasis mansoni, leishmaniasis and toxocariasis, about the treatment of the infectious diseases. Their group studies effects of plants (extracts) and their isolated fractions to evaluate the anti-parasitic and anti- inflammatory effects and for infectious disease prevention, moreover have been working on the evaluation of the proteins of the parasite that has been potential to induce immune responses that decrease the parasite burden.

[email protected]

Fernanda F Anibal et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Molecular microbiology as a modern platform for rapid, specific, sensitive and unlimited detection of pathogenic microorganismsTereza JancuskovaKitGen , czech republic

Molecular microbiology is a novel concept that opens fascinating possibilities in the pathogen detection. Many microorganisms are fastidious or uncultivatable; their cultivation time is unacceptably long; are of high epidemiological importance; or require

sophisticated cultivation conditions. Molecular techniques allow for quantitative detection of microorganisms based solely on the presence of their unique DNA or RNA sequences. Molecular microbiology enables to identify causative infectious agents even in those situations when standard cultivation-based microbiology fails. Since 2006, we have developed over 500 single and multiplex quantitative Real-Time PCR assays to detect pathogenic and opportunistic infectious agents relevant for both human and veterinary clinical settings. We have implemented pandetection approach to detect bacteria and fungi based on Sanger sequencing. For the most challenging biological samples (gut microbiome) we have also developed a pandetection strategy based on Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Using this combined approach, we can identify microbial agents with the widest detection range possible (pandetection), quantify the load of individual microorganisms in the sample and provide the clinician with the result within hours (Real-Time PCR), or 2-3 days maximum (Sanger sequencing or NGS). Over the past 10 years, we have diagnosed more than 30,000 biological samples, originating from both human and veterinary patients. They covered hyperacute clinical settings (sepsis), chronic and underdiagnosed diseases, and emerging zoonoses (our finding of a novel zoonotic agent Candidatus, Neoehrlichia Mikurensis transmissible by a tick bite, with unexpected Central and Western European geographic occurrence).

BiographyTereza Jancuskova has completed her Graduation from Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic in 2008. She has continued her PhD studies at the Third Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague, specializing in Genetics, Molecular Biology and Virology. She has received her PhD degree in 2015. She has extensive expertise in Molecular Haemato-Oncology and Molecular Genetics, both in human and veterinary medicine.

[email protected]

Tereza Jancuskova, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Biocontrol of emerging foodborne bacterial pathogens by Bacteriophages Naim Deniz AyazKirikkale University, Turkey

Despite the improvement in consumer awareness, food hygiene and detection methods, foodborne diseases mediated by pathogenic bacteria or bacterial toxins still represent a significant threat to public health worldwide. Globally, the WHO has estimated that;

approximately 1.5 billion episodes of diarrhea and more than 3 million deaths occurred in children under 5 years of age anually. A significant proportion of these results were caused from consumption of food, mainly food of animal origin contaminated with microbial pathogens and toxins. Approximately, 60% of the human pathogens are zoonotic and 75% of them are emerging zoonotic. Emerging foodborne pathogens are defined as those causing illnesses that have only recently appeared or been recognised in a population or that are well recognised but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. Emerging foodborne bacteria are reported as Salmonella (non typhoidal), Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vibrio vulnificus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Arcobacter spp. and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Bacteriophages, the viruses which kill bacteria, are the most numerous organisms on Earth and can exist in all kind of environment where their host live. Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria leads scientists to consider bacteriophages as an effective, safe and appropriate biocontrol agent and an alternative option for antibiotics and chemicals. Among two types of phages (lytic and lysogenic), lytic phages that can only multiply in bacteria and kill the cell by lysis are generally preferred towards a food safety perspective.

BiographyNaim Deniz Ayaz has received his PhD in Food Hygiene and Technology from Ankara University in 2008. He is a Professor of the Department of Food Hygiene and Technology at Kirikkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. He is an Executive Board Member of his faculty and REEV-Med; a Member of Risk Assesment Department - Commission of Contaminants; and an Editorial Board Member of several scientific journals. His main research interests are food microbiology, characterization of food-borne pathogens, bacteriophages, biocontrol of pathogens, and bacterial antibiotic resistance.

[email protected]

Naim Deniz Ayaz, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Mediterranean spotted fever in children of the Karak Province in South JordanOmar Nafi1, Yasseen Tarawnah2 and Amjad Tarawnah1

1Mutah University, Jordan2Karak Health Directorate, MOH

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological patterns of Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) as well as its treatment and outcomes in children in south Jordan.

Methodology: We conducted a retrospective observational study from June 2013 to December 2015. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcomes were collected.

Results: Thirty-five male and 20 female patients (mean age: 6 years ± 3.6) were included. The incidence of MSF was 7.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year; MSF affected 89% of individuals in the summer, 74.5% of those living in a rural area with tent housing, and 100% of those who had contact with animals. All cases presented with fever, and 94.5% had a skin rash. Serological tests were positive in 87.2% of cases, and Rickettsia conorii (the Moroccan strain) was present in all positive cases. All cases had thrombocytopenia, but none had leukocytosis. Hyponatremia was present in 71% of cases, and 49%, 61.8%, and 72.7% had increased urea, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels, respectively. Doxycycline was administered to all patients, with a cure rate of 96.4% and mortality rate of 3.6%.

Conclusions: MSF caused by R. conorii (the Moroccan strain) is prevalent in Jordan, and contact with animals is a common route of transmission. The patients’ responses to doxycycline were excellent. A high index of suspicion, an early diagnosis, and specific treatment considerably decrease mortality. MSF should be considered as a possible cause of febrile disease in those with a rash and in those living in rural areas.

BiographyOmar Nafi is a Pediatric neurologist. He is an Associated professor of Pediatrics in Mutah University- College of medicine, Pediatrics department. He has completed his MBBS in medicine 1980 from Cordoba University, Spain, Jordanian board in Pediatric 1986, training in Pediatric Neurology in Dublin, Ireland 1997. He is the Member of Royal Collage of Physician of Ireland.

[email protected]

Omar Nafi et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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HIV care continuum outcomes: Does Ethiopia meet the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets? Gesesew Hailay1, Ward Paul1, Hajito Kifle2 and Mwanri Lillian1

1Flinders University, Australia 2Jimma University, Ethiopia

Background: How Ethiopia’s UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets is progressing was not assessed. We assessed HIV care continuum outcomes as surrogate markers for the 90-90-90 targets.

Methodology: Data were collected from a 12 years retrospective cohort from anti-retroviral therapy (ART) clinic in Southwest Ethiopia. For measuring the UNAIDS diagnosis target, prevalence rate of delayed HIV diagnosis was considered as a surrogate marker. For the treatment target, number of people on ART, number of people who discontinued from ART or transferred out, and number of people who had fair or poor adherence were used as surrogate markers. For the viral suppression target, number of CD4 counts and/or WHO clinical stages were used to assess immunological, clinical and treatment successes and further show the viral suppression. Summary statistics, trends and estimated survival time were reported.

Findings: 8172 patients were enrolled for HIV cares in 2003-2015. For the diagnosis target, 34.5% patients knew their status early (43%-children, 33%-adults). For the treatment target, 65% patients received ART, 1154 (21.9%) patients discontinued from ART, 1015 (19.3%) patients on ART transferred out to other sites, 916 (17%) of patients on ART had fair or good adherence. For the virological suppression target, 80.7, 80.3 and 65.8% of patients had immunological, clinical and treatment success displaying an estimated 66% of patients achieved the target.

Conclusions: The finding reflects that an estimated 35% of patients knew their status timely, 65% of diagnosed patients received treatment and 66% of patients on ART achieved viral suppression. This is very far from the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets underscoring the need for concreted efforts such as use of unmanned aerial systems (or drones) for transporting laboratory specimens, immediate or same day ART initiation, community distribution of ART, runaway packs during conflict, and use of GenXpert for HIV viral load testing would help to hit the target.

BiographyGesesew Hailay has his expertise in Epidemiology. His multi-method approach assessing in each cascades of HIV care continuum will establish a significant contribution for the AIDS Ending goal. He has been publishing a lot of peer reviewed articles in HIV care in reputable journals. His publications produced from his PhD will improve the HIV care in developing countries especially Ethiopia. He has been serving as a Clinician, Academician and Researcher.

[email protected]

Gesesew Hailay et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Seroprevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and C viruses among antenatal clinic attendees of secondary healthcare facilities in Akoko area of Ondo State, NigeriaFestus A Olajubu, Peace I Edeani and Victoria T FolorunsoAdekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria

Background & objectives: Vertical transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV is associated with high risk of maternal complications, fetal death or impaired mental and physical health. A standing regulation from Government on screening of all pregnant women is often avoided by the patients and hospitals alike. This study was therefore designed to assess the incidence of these infections among antenatal patients with the view of re-emphasizing (with data) the need for screening by all health facilities of antenatal patients.

Methods: The study was carried out among four hundred and thirty-two (432) pregnant women attending ante-natal clinics of State General Hospital and Inland Maternity Center, Ikare-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. Two milliliters (2 ml) of blood samples were collected from volunteers between April and September 2015 and screened for, HIV, HBV and HCV using rapid chromatographic immunoassay methods in accordance with the national algorithm.

Results: The age of the patients ranged between 15 and 40 years (mean age = 25. 4 years). A total of 11(2.6%); 8(1.9%) and 3(0.7%) patients were seropositive for HIV, HBV and HCV infections respectively. Co-infections of HIV and HBV were diagnosed among 3(0.7%) of the volunteers. There was no case of co-infection of HIV with HCV or HBV with HCV. Contacts were made with the husbands of all seropositive patients.

Conclusion: The prevalence rates recorded for these three infectious diseases though, lower than the national averages, call for an aggressive advocacy for compulsory screening of all antenatal patients by all health facilities. The multiplication effect of infected pregnant women in the studied community can be reduced or eliminated with early detection of infection through screenings like this. Reduction in cost of laboratory investigations to serve as incentive to the patients is highly advocated.

BiographyFestus A Olajubu has trained as a Medical Laboratory Scientist at Federal School of Medical Laboratory Technology, NVRI, Vom, Nigeria, Infection Control Practitioner at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and Medical Microbiologist at Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. He has completed his Doctoral degree in Medical Microbiology and Public Health from Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. He is a Senior Lecturer in Microbiology Department of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria. He has twenty-eight (28) papers published in local and international journals. He has taken part in researches organized by Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria (IHVN) and Department for International Development (DFID) on HIV, Tuberculosis and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). He is a Member of American Society for Microbiology, Nigerian Society for Microbiology, Infection Control Society of Nigeria and Association of Medical Laboratory Scientists of Nigeria. Infectious diseases diagnosis is his current area of interest.

[email protected]

Festus A Olajubu et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Day 2

Keynote Forum




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Janak Kishore, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-031

Clinical impact of parvovirus B19: Pioneer work from India projecting B19 as multi-organ disease afflicter

Parvovirus B19 (B19) causes myriads of clinical diseases depending hosts immunological and haematological status. Still most B19 infections under diagnosed and seldom treated and largely ignored due to undefined clinical impact and its

sinister complications besides limited diagnostic facilities and high cost of treatment by IVIG and even lack of awareness in clinicians of all varied spectrum of B19 clinical manifestations are additional riders. Cryptically, B19 causes significant morbidity/mortality and remains unrecognized global health problem. To unveil, we developed in-house diagnostic tools like DNA extraction from serum samples, PCR, nested-PCR, IgM ELISA and IgG ELISA for specific detection of B19 DNA and IgM antibodies to determine cases with acute infections and past infection. Then we determined B19 seroprevalence among 1000 voluntary blood donors and found 39.9% to be seropositive. Now this means that remaining 60% of Indians population and similarly half of world adult population are at risk of acquiring B19 infections. We reported B19 cases ending fatally with pure red cell aplasia, anaemia/thrombocytopenia with hepatitis and hemophagocytic syndrome. We detected B19 infections in 27.5% juvenile rheumatoid arthropathy (n=69), 19.8% recurrent aborters (n=116) in contrast to 11% of 136 pregnant-women and 5% of 120 non-pregnant women; another report found B19 in 60% high-risk pregnant women (n=60), 17.1% paediatric haematological malignancies (n=35), 41% beta-thalassemia major (n=90) besides transmission through donor units. Our novel clinical associations of B19 included cases of megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, myositis, non-occlusive ischemic gangrene of stomach/bowel besides novel oncolytic property of B19. Cumulatively our data found 21.2% (135 of 639 cases) B19 infected patients. B19 primarily recognized as tropic for erythroid progenitor’s due to binding to Gb4Cer and α5β1 integrins receptors. This first review highlights recent data by which B19 is causing non-erythroid and multi tissue or multiorgan disease owing to ability of B19 binding to multiple glycosphingolipids distributed widely; additionally B19 can infect vascular endothelial cells that lines all blood vessels hence can affect major organs by causing endothelilitis and vasculitic injuries. Cytotoxicity, nuclease, helicase, gene transactivation by B19 NS1, antibody-dependent enhancement are basic mechanisms. Hence B19 infections should be investigated recognised, treated besides efforts on B19 vaccine.

BiographyJanak Kishore is a Chief of Serology and Molecular Virology in the department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India. He was an Associate Editor Indian Journal of Virology, Member National Academy Medical Sciences, American societies and Fellow of JICA, Japan. His passion is on healing and minimising human sufferings; on unveiling emerging viral infections and finding aetiologies in viral epidemics and in investigating undiagnosed/missed clinical infections so that appropriate treatment is given and life is saved. He has taught for over 30 yrs with pioneer work on parvovirus B19, developed in-house molecular techniques and published three novel clinical associations besides finding novel oncolytic property of B19. He also worked on cytomegalovirus, enteroviral haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, rubella. He has published over 50 papers, served as reviewer for reputed journals, organized conferences, Chaired sessions and frequently invited to speak at international conferences.

[email protected]

Janak KishoreSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India

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Day 2

Workshop




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Philip Norrie, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

A history of infectious disease in ancient times – More lethal than war - An alternative medical history perspective of ancient history

When one thinks of ancient history one thinks of ancient historians and archaeologists; one does not think of medical historians. But one should, because most major changes in the ancient world were precipitated by an infectious disease

epidemic of some kind. It is very naïve of ancient historians not to factor in the possibility that an infectious disease epidemic ended the civilization they are studying because it would have been a daily struggle not to die from an infectious disease in the ancient world. Hence the possibility of an infectious disease epidemic is the first thing ancient historians should eliminate during their research. This lecture will discuss the possibility of such an occurrence happening firstly in Sumer c.2000 BCE, the site of the world’s first cities, followed by the Indus Valley Civilization c.1900 - 1350 BCE, Pharaonic Egypt during the 18th Dynasty c.1350 BCE, Haft Tappeh in Elam c.1350 BCE, then the end of the Hittite Empire c.1200 BCE, and finally the end of the Bronze Age in the Near East c.1200 BCE. This hypothesis challenges the current ancient history theories for the end of these civilizations and will upset ancient historians trained in the arts and not trained in using the medical model; which unfortunately is the vast majority. Infectious diseases such as influenza, measles, polio, tuberculosis, dysentery, malaria, typhoid, leprosy and finally the “big two” infectious disease epidemics namely smallpox and plague; decimated the ancient world.

BiographyPhilip Norrie is a Family Physician from Sydney, Australia whose main interest is Medical History. This medical history interest is in two parts. Firstly in the history of wine as a medicine for the past 5,000 years which was the topic of his PhD. After this he developed the world’s first fully resveratrol enhanced wine [REW]. The second interest is the role of infectious disease in the demise of ancient civilizations, which was the basis of his MD thesis and his current MPhil thesis. He is a Conjoint Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine at the Universities of New South Wales and Newcastle in Australia; as well as being an Affiliate in Medical History at the University of Montana, USA as an Adjunct in the National Institute of Complementary Medicine at the Western Sydney University [relating to REW] and the Vice Chairman of the Medical Advisory Committee at the Northern Cancer Institute in Sydney.

[email protected]

Philip Norrie Sydney, Australia

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Major Sessions:

Infectious Agents and the Human Immune Response|Molecular Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases|Bacterial Infectious Diseases| Infectious Disease Epidemiology | Nocosomal Infections

Session ChairPhilip NorrieUniversities of New South Wales, Australia

Session ChairJanak KishoreSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India

Session IntroductionTitle: The anti-hiv candidate abx464 dampens intestinal inflammation by triggering il22 production

in activated macrophagesJamal Tazi, University of Montpellier, France

YRF: Role of in vivo expressed gene candidates for development of molecular and immunological assays to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosisSumedha Sharma, PGIMER, India

YRF: Transcriptional signatures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mouse model of experimental intraocular tuberculosisSudhanshu Abhishek, PGIMER, India

YRF: Global gene expression in Escherichia coli, isolated from the diseased ocular surface of the human eye with a potential to form biofilmRanjith Konduri, LV Prasad Eye Institute, India

Title: Genetic analysis of Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in IranNariman SHAHHOSSEINI, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO, Germany

Title: Prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in open and surgical wounds of patients attending hospitals in Buea Municipality Nde Godlove Tsi, University of Buea, Cameroon

Title: Targeting RNA binding proteins: A versatile platform for the discovery and development of new antiviralsJamal Tazi, University of Montpellier, France


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The anti-HIV candidate abx464 dampens intestinal inflammation by triggering il22 production in activated MacrophagesJamal Tazi University of Montpellier , France

The progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with mucosal damage in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This damage enables bacterial translocation from the gut and leads to subsequent inflammation. Dextran sulphate sodium

(DSS-treatment) is an established animal model for experimental colitis that was recently shown to recapitulate the link between GI-tract damage and pathogenic features of SIV infection. The current study tested the protective properties of ABX464, a first-in-class anti-HIV drug candidate that has demonstrated anti-viral activity in HIV treatment of naïve patients. ABX464 also induced a long-lasting control of the viral load in HIV infected humanized mice after treatment arrest. ABX464 treatment strongly attenuated DSS-induced colitis in mice and produced a long-term protection against prolonged DSS-exposure after drug cessation. Consistently, ABX464 reduced the colonic production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF as well as that of the chemoattractant MCP-1. However, RNA profiling analysis revealed the capacity of ABX464 to induce the expression of IL-22, a cytokine involved in colitis tissue repair both in DSS-treated mice. A comprehensive analysis of the gene expression profiles by RNAseq demonstrated that the expression of IL22 was preferentially induced by ABX464 in mouse bone marrow derived macrophages only upon stimulation with LPS. Importantly, anti-IL22 antibodies abrogated the protective effect of ABX464 on colitis in DSS-treated mice. Because reduced IL-22 production in the gut mucosa is an established factor of HIV and DSS-induced immunopathogenesis, our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of ABX464 warrant exploration in both HIV and inflammatory ulcerative colitis (UC) disease. In the DSS induced colitis model, ABX464 protects mice from inflammatory response by prevention of weight loss and colon size, reduced macrophage recruitment into the intestine, decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and long-lasting effect (like in the HIV humanized mouse model)

BiographyJamal Tazi is Professor of Functional Genomics at the University of Montpellier and Deputy Director of the Health Centre Biology "Rabelais" responsible for education and training. For 20 years, he led the team "messenger RNA metabolism in metazoans" within the Institute for Molecular Genetics in Montpellier (IGMM) where he made important contributions to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the expression of our genes and editing of their products. These discoveries are used today in the medical field through the development of a new therapy based on the use of small molecules to fight against viral infections. To ensure the transition between basic and applied research, and also to support these innovative projects to clinical stage, Hel founded in 2008 the company Splicos and established its partnership with public institutions as a cooperative laboratory where, he became the Scientific Director

[email protected]

Jamal Tazi, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Role of in vivo expressed gene candidates for development of molecular and immunological assays to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosisSumedha Sharma1, Rakesh Yadav1, Ashutosh N Aggarwal1, Suman Laal2 and Indu Verma1

1PGIMER, India2School of Medicine, USA

Statement of the Problem: Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is a one of the major areas of interest to control the spread of TB disease in community. Therefore, there is a need to develop rapid and specific diagnostics easily usable at different health care levels. Our previous work on mycobacterial gene expression pattern in sputum from pulmonary tuberculosis patients lead to identification of newer targets, as potential biomarkers. In view of this, the current study was planned to evaluate the role of these candidate biomarkers in molecular and serodiagnostic tests.

Methodology: Three of the genes, Rv0986 & Rv0971 along with one Region of Difference (RD) gene Rv3121, were evaluated for their diagnostic potential in RNA based real time (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Simultaneously, the peptides from proteins corresponding to these genes along with five other RD genes were evaluated for their serodiagnostic potential using a peptide based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

Findings: The use of the target genes Rv0986, Rv0971 and Rv3121 in a molecular RNA based assay lead to the detection of smear positive patients with 100%, 87% and 94% sensitivity and of smear negative TB patients with 50%, 58% and 67% respectively. However, of all the peptides corresponding to different proteins which were tested in the serodiagnostic ELISA the maximum sensitivity that could be attained was 37% for smear positive PTB patients and 32% for smear negative PTB patients.

Conclusion & Significance: A subset of the proteins encoded by the genes expressed by mycobacteria in the sputum have shown less sensitivity for the development of a serodiagnostic assay, but these genes have shown promising results for the development of a RNA based molecular assay that can be optimized further after evaluation in a larger cohort of patients.

BiographySumedha Sharma started her research career with her dissertation in the Postgraduate degree where she worked on the effect of Ocimum gratissimum on the colon cancer. She qualified various national eligibility test (Indian Council of Medical Research & Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India) to pursue her goal in research and academics. Her inclination towards research led her to join the Doctorate Program where her research was focused on tuberculosis (TB). During her Doctorate Degree, she was selected as a Training Participant in AIDS and TB international training and research program (AITRP) sponsored by Fogarty International Centre, NIH, USA where she was trained on Microarray Technology. Her microarray work on sputum of PTB patients gave an insight to the mycobacterial genome specifically expressed in active TB patients, leading to identification of mycobacterial targets, which can be exploit as potential vaccine and diagnostic candidates.

[email protected]

Sumedha Sharma et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Transcriptional signatures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mouse model of experimental intraocular tuberculosis Sudhanshu Abhishek, Michelle B Ryndak, Amod Gupta, Tulika Gupta, Shobha Sehgal, Suman Laal and Indu Verma1PGIMER, India2NYC Medical Center, USA

Statement of the Problem: Intraocular tuberculosis (IOTB), one of the extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis (TB), is a significant cause of inflammation and visual morbidity in TB endemic countries. Studies on IOTB are extremely challenging due to lack of appropriate human IOTB specimens, hence animal models of IOTB are required.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: In the present study, a mouse model of IOTB was established by infecting the animals with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb; H37Rv) via intravenous (i.v.) route. Bacteriological evidence, histopathological changes and whole genome microarray study was done to identify the M. tb transcriptional signatures in mouse eye.

Findings: At 45 days, post-infection (dpi), M. tb bacilli were observed in the eyes of 5 out of 12 (45%) M. tb challenged mice, whereas all the 12 animals showed positivity for M. tb RNA. Apart, histopathology of one CFU positive eye demonstrated intraretinal granuloma and moderate tissue damage in comparison to CFU negative eye that showed mild disease condition with no granuloma. Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptome analysis through microarray platform in the infected eyes, showed upregulation (≥ 1.5-fold) of 12 M. tb genes, where top three upregulated transcripts included Rv0962c, Rv2612, and Rv0984. Real-time validation of these top three genes showed an average of 7.40, 4.13 and 3.47 Log2 fold upregulation (p<0.05), respectively.

Conclusion & Significance: Although, ocular bacterial load was low, but detection of M. tb RNA with undetectable tubercle bacilli in the animals confirmed the paucibacillary nature of IOTB developed under experimental conditions, similar to that observed in human IOTB patients. Upregulation of mycobacterial genes, suggest that the adaptation of M. tb in ocular environment, an immune-privileged site, may be associated with enhanced transcription of genes whose products are required for virulence and survival in intraocular environment. These genes/gene products could be important candidates for understanding the pathogenesis as well as development of new diagnostics/therapeutics for IOTB.

BiographySudhanshu Abhishek has evolved from his Biotechnological skills and with Post-graduation in Human Genetics, to understand the infectious disease-like, Tuberculosis (TB). During his mid-tenure of PhD thesis, he was selected for NIH-FOGARTY Fellowships (USA), to be trained on Microarray Technology at NYU School Medicine, NY, USA. His keen evaluation and interest to understand the host-pathogen interaction has opened new avenues of research in intraocular TB through the models (animal and cell line), with a goal to understand the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of intraocular TB, which may lead to better therapeutics. He has grown well from his 6 years of Pre-doctoral training in this field through his continuous research, actively participating in teaching program of the department.

[email protected]

Sudhanshu Abhishek et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Global gene expression in Escherichia coli, isolated from the diseased ocular surface of the human eye with a potential to form biofilm Ranjith KonduriLV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India

The surface of the eye is colonized by several bacteria, which survive as resident or transient commensals. But following trauma or under immuno-compromised conditions these commensals cause infection of the eye (such as keratitis, endophthalmitis,

orbital cellulitis etc.) often leading to loss of vision. Normally the infection is resolved following treatment with antibacterial agents. However, over the years many of these organisms have become resistant to drugs due to excessive and indiscriminate use of drugs. Resistance to drugs may be due to biofilm formation which makes the bacteria impervious to antibiotics. In the present study ocular E. coli from patients with ocular infectious disease is used as a model system and was screened for their ability to form biofilm, antibiotic susceptibility. In addition, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the biofilm formation and resistance to antibiotics in biofilm phase we used DNA microarray. Ten of twelve ocular E. coli isolates were resistant to at least one or more of nine antibiotics tested and majority of isolates were positive for biofilm formation. E. coli L-1216/2010 is best biofilm forming isolate confirmed by confocal and scanning microscopy. Further E. coli in the biofilm phase was 100 times more resistant to antibiotics tested compared to planktonic phase. DNA microarray analysis could differentiate E. coli biofilm forming cells from non-biofilm forming planktonic cells. It was noted that 30% (10.5% up and 19.5% down-regulated) genes were differentially regulated in the sessile biofilm forming cells compared to the non-biofilm cells. Genes encoding cell adhesion genes, extracellular matrix are upregulated in biofilm phase. In addition, some of the up-regulated genes encoding antimicrobial efflux virulence, toxin production, and other metabolites are known to affect the antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic. These genes serve as potential targets for hacking biofilms. This is the first study on whole genome expression of ocular E. coli isolates with a potential to form biofilm. Study on native pathogenic ocular isolates for biofilm and antibiotic susceptibility is more relevant than type strains which do not necessarily mimic native isolates.

BiographyRanjith Konduri has done his MSc from the Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry. He has qualified GATE with percentile of 99.7%. Currently he has registered for PhD with infectious diseases as area of interest. The work involves the identification and functional characterization of genes involved in antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. It aims to identify and understand various molecular mechanisms involved in cell adhesion for the dispersal of the biofilm. Very recently he has published a research article on Biofilm in Journal Gut Pathogens.

[email protected]

Ranjith Konduri, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in open and surgical wounds of patients attending hospitals in Buea municipalityNDE Godlove TsiUniversity Of Buea, Cameroon

Wound infections often cause harmful and costly clinical complications to our health care systems. Infected wounds impose a significantly negative effect on patient care and recovery as infection hinders wound healing, resulting in increased patient

morbidity and mortality. We screened 212 wound specimens from patients in some health institution in Buea municipality and analyzed for common bacteria pathogens using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined using the disc diffusion assay. A total of 169 (79.9%) samples were infected. The frequencies of isolation from various sources were as follows; burns 100%, ulcers 86.7%, post-operative wounds 79.3% and open wounds 78.8%. 12 bacterial species were identified; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Hafnia alvei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Serratia rubideae, Serratia sakazakii and Streptococcus sp. Results of antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed the most active drugs against these infectious agents to be ofloxacin (100%) and perfloxacin (100%), followed by ceftriaxone (94.2%) and gentamicin (92%). Isolate exhibited complete resistance to oxacillin (100%). Multi-drug resistance (resistance to five or more drugs) was exhibited by over 71.7% of isolates. Multi-drug resistance was commonly encountered in Staphylococcus aureus with 31.5% of this organism being resistant to seven drugs.

BiographyNde Godlove Tsi is currently a Second Year Student at the Faculty of Health Sciences with a Major in Medicine at the University of Buea – Cameroon.

[email protected]

NDE Godlove Tsi, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Targeting RNA binding proteins: A versatile platform for the discovery and development of new antiviralsJamal TaziUniversity of Montpellier, France

ABX464 is a first-in-class, novel, small molecule inhibiting HIV replication through an entirely new mechanism of action. For the first time in the treatment of HIV, this molecule could reduce or eliminate the viral reservoirs, and thus potentially deliver

a long lasting reduction in the viral load of HIV-patients., ABIVAX designed ABX464 with the goal of targeting the viral reservoirs of immune cells with integrated genetic material from the HIV-virus. These reservoirs are not affected by current antiretroviral therapies, and lead to viral load rebound once treatment is stopped. ABX464 inhibits the biogenesis of viral RNA required for the replication of the HIV virus by targeting the Cap Binding Complex (CBC). During replication HIV RNA is first spliced to give rise to spliced RNA from which essential auxiliary proteins, like Rev and Tat proteins, are synthesized but later during infection unsliced viral RNA are produced to generate structural protein and viral genome. ABX464 by stabilizing CBC complex on HIV RNA prevent the synthesis of unspliced RNA.

This unique mode of action and the preclinical data to-date suggest that ABX464 has the potential to:

Reduce or eliminate the viral reservoirs in patients with HIV

Induce long term control of the viral load

Prevent the emergence of HIV mutants that are resistant to treatment

Be less frequently administered over a shorter period than standard treatments

Reduce healthcare costs and offer broader access to treatment.

ABX464 is the first candidate molecule coming from ABIVAX’s proprietary antiviral platform and chemical library. This library of more than one thousand small molecules targets the formation of RNP’s in the nucleus or the cytoplasm of the infected cell during viral infection. Indeed, to replicate, viruses need to generate RNA-Protein complexes (RNP) from the host cell material. RNP complexes are composed of viral RNA and cellular and viral proteins. Those complexes can “hijack” the cellular machinery of the host cells to express viral RNA and generate new viruses. This approach can be applied to any type of viruses.

ABX311 is the second molecule coming from the ABIVAX antiviral platform. ABX311 is a small molecule able to inhibit Chikungunya viral replication in vitro with an IC50 in the nanomolar range. ABX311 will enter preclinical development Q4 2017.

BiographyJamal Tazi is Professor of Functional Genomics at the University of Montpellier and Deputy Director of the Health Centre Biology "Rabelais" responsible for education and training. For 20 years, he led the team "messenger RNA metabolism in metazoans" within the Institute for Molecular Genetics in Montpellier (IGMM) where he made important contributions to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the expression of our genes and editing of their products. These discoveries are used today in the medical field through the development of a new therapy based on the use of small molecules to fight against viral infections. To ensure the transition between basic and applied research, and also to support these innovative projects to clinical stage, Hel founded in 2008 the company Splicos and established its partnership with public institutions as a cooperative laboratory where, he became the Scientific Director

[email protected]

Jamal Tazi, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Day 3

Keynote Forum




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Huseyin Kayadibi, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-031

Clinical significance of the indirect biochemical markers for detecting liver fibrosis in adult patients with chronic HCV infectionHepatitis C virus (HCV) has been considered to be one of the main causes of the liver fibrosis. Estimation of the stage of liver fibrosis is mandatory for the management of patients with HCV infection. Although liver biopsy is still the gold standard diagnostic tool to assess the stage of liver fibrosis, it is not available to be performed for all patients, and has lots of complications, as well as non-invasive tests may play a role in the evaluation of liver fibrosis. Moreover, the accuracy of liver biopsy is limited due to the intra- and inter-observer variability and sampling errors. Therefore, the development of simple, cheap and accurate biochemical markers is necessary to detect the liver fibrosis. Platelet count, AST to ALT Ratio, AST to platelet ratio index, age platelet index, Pohl score, Forns index, FIB-4, hepascore, fibrometer and fibrotest are the most commonly used indirect biochemical markers used for the detection of liver fibrosis. Instead of a single biochemical marker, use of the combinations of these non-invasive biochemical markers for liver fibrosis may increase the diagnostic accuracy of the single biochemical markers and may markedly reduce the need for liver biopsy. Therefore, use of these biochemical markers as an initial step before the invasive and expensive procedures is important in routine clinical practice for the favor of patients.

BiographyHuseyin Kayadibi received a Degree in Medicine from the GATA School of Medicine (Turkey) in 2000. He is an Associate Professor in Medical Biochemistry at Hitit University School of Medicine, where he is the Head of Medical Biochemistry. He worked at Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles in 2012 as a Visiting Scholar. He has been a Co-investigator on NIH and other international projects about metabolomics, proteomic and lipidomic analysis. He is the Member of EFLM Working Group Test Evaluation and IFCC Working Group Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins. He has published more than 70 papers in peer reviewed journals. His research interests are non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis, separation techniques and mass spectrometry.

[email protected]

Huseyin KayadibiHitit University School of Medicine, Turkey

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Major Sessions:

Parasitic Diseases, Vaccines

Session ChairHuseyin Kayadibi Hitit University School of Medicine, Turkey

Session IntroductionYRF: Comparison of screening method and cohort design to estimate pertussis vaccine effectiveness

in Denmark, 2000-2014.Lara Ricotta, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

Title: Benchmarking of healthcare-associated infections in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) statesAiman El-Saed, Gulf Cooperation Council ( GCC ), Saudi Arabia

Title: Sero characterization of Plasmodium species in Limu Kossa District of Jimma Zone, Western EthiopiaSindew Mekasha Feleke, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Ethiopia


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Comparison of screening method and cohort design to estimate pertussis vaccine effectiveness in Denmark, 2000-2014Lara Ricotta1,2, J Nielsen1, P Valentiner-Branth1 and K Mølbak1

1epartment of Infectious diseases Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark2European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden

Background: In Denmark, laboratory-confirmed pertussis is notifiable, and national laboratory, vaccination and population registries permit individual data linkage for analysis. Since 1997, acellular pertussis vaccine has been delivered as a primary series (PS) of three doses at 3, 5 and 12 months, with a pre-school booster at age 5. We estimated VE for children receiving PS versus unvaccinated children, and for those receiving booster dose versus not having received the booster, comparing estimates from a screening method and a cohort design (CD).

Methods: The Danish civil registration number was used to link individual case laboratory data to vaccination and population registries. We estimated PS VE by birth cohort from 2000 to 2014, and for the booster from 2000 to 2010, using both methods. For the SM, VE was calculated for PS using the proportion of PS-vaccinated versus totally unvaccinated among cases, and in the population to January 2015. For the CD, linked data was used to estimate time at risk among individuals in each birth cohort from birth or arrival in Denmark, until tested positive for pertussis, moved out of country, death or end of study period. VE was estimated as 1 minus the incidence rate ratio (IRR) between incidence rate (IR = cases/time at risk) among PS-vaccinated and IR for totally unvaccinated using Poisson regression. For the booster, VE was estimated for the booster-vaccinated versus no-booster, independent of other vaccines received.

Results: From 2000 to 2015, 3621 confirmed cases were reported among 1,024,906 children in all birth cohorts. Using SM, the median VE for PS was 89.1% (range 63.9% to 99.7%). For the CD, median VE was, 77.2% (range 38.2% to 96.2%). For the booster, SM produced a VE median estimate of 94.0% (range 88.7% to 98.2%), compared to 57.2% (range 50.2% to 69.7%) using CD.

Conclusions: This study shows that acellular pertussis vaccine is highly effective. However, VE estimates for children who received PS, and for those who received booster, are substantially higher using SM than CD. CD incorporates the dynamics of time-at-risk and produces a more robust VE estimates. Therefore, SM is likely to overestimate VE, and countries using this approach need to be aware of this limitation. When individual data can be collected or linked, we recommend using the cohort design to obtain a more valid VE estimate.

BiographyLara Ricotta, she had completed her medicine in preventive medicine, Epidemiology, Public Health and Neurology from 2000-2008 and Preventive Medicine Residency Program (PMRP) from 2010-2015 University of Bologna. She had worked with Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy from 2012 to 2014. And from 2015 to present she is working European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) Università di Bologna

[email protected]

Lara Ricotta et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Sero characterization of Plasmodium species in Limu Kossa District of Jimma Zone, Western EthiopiaSindew Mekasha Feleke, Eric S Halsey, Adugna Woyessa, Guilherme M Ogawa and Vitaliano CamaEthiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)- Atlanta, USAEthiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)- Atlanta, USACenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)- Atlanta, USA

Ethiopia is among the sub-Saharan African countries successful in reducing malaria burden in the last decade. The Government of Ethiopia launched elimination strategy taking advantage of this reduction in line with the commitment of African leaders

to attain malaria elimination in 2030. However, unlike other settings Ethiopia requires additional efforts to achieve this ambitious elimination plan in due to the co-existence of both P. falciparum and P. vivax. The current case management mainly target both species. Despite the previous reports of the existence of the other two human malaria parasites including P. ovale and P. malariae in the past, there is no adequate and current information in this regard. This is, therefore, to describe the existence of P. ovale and P. malariae using an advanced molecular technique that helps to investigate Plasmodium spp. in Limu Kossa District, Jimma Zone, and Southwestern Ethiopia. A total of 180 serum samples were collected from three villages located in Limu Kossa District, 400 Km southwestern Ethiopia during October 2016. Longitudinal follow up and monitoring performance Onchocerciasis elimination program was underway for the last years in Arengama 1, Arengama 2 and Konche villages. Serum was prepared from whole blood collected from the residents to investigate the presence of human malaria parasite marker antibodies. The investigation was conducted using LUMINEX, which is an advanced technique as briefly described below. Serum samples (1µl) diluted with 399 µl of 30ml buffer B and 20µlof 6mg/ml E.coli extracts and incubated for 1 hrs at 37 oC and stored at 4oC overnight. Next morning the Luminex plate pre wetted with 200ul PBST buffer and empty with vacuum. The tubes with coupled beads solution with each of the 7 different malaria antigens (CSP (5), AMA1 (33), PfMSP1 (36), PvMSP1 (91), PmMSP1 (16), PoMSP1 (45), LSA1 (23)) were mixed with vortex and from each antigen coupled beads solution 15ul transferred to conical tube and mixed with 5ml buffer. The antigen coupled beads and buffer-A solution poured to the tray and 50µl transferred to all wells of the Luminex plate using multichannel pipette and washed twice with 100ul of PBST, vacuumed and 50µl of sera dilution added in duplicate plate well followed by incubation for 1 hour and 30 minutes at room temperature on a shaker. After incubation the plate washed with PBST buffer, vacuumed and 50 µl of secondary antibody buffer A solution added to each well using multichannel pipette and incubated for 45 minutes at room temperature on a shaker. The procedure followed by plate wash, vacuum and 50µl strepavidin-phycoerythrin and buffer A solution added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour on a shaker. The plate washed with 100µl of PBST, vacuumed and 50ul of buffer A added to each well and incubated for 30 min at room temperature on a shaker. The last step was the plate washed and 125µl of PBS-PH 7.2 added to each well, incubated for 2 minutes and followed by immediate load on the calibrated and programmed Luminex machine and run the experiments. Among 180 samples processed four human malaria parasites were detected using the state-of-the art technique. Plasmodium falciparum accounted most of the antibodies detected. More interestingly, antibodies of both P. ovale and P. malariae were identified in the present analysis. Details of the findings of laboratory analysis are presented in Table 1 below. The Cumulative exposure history over the last five years for Pf MSP1 and AMA was 39.4%(n=71) and the recent exposure history over the last 12 months for Pf CSP and Pf LSA antigens was 11.1% (n=20). Our preliminary finding from the field demonstrated the significant exposure history of study participants to all plasmodium species using LUMINEX. The present result showing the existence of recent exposure to P. malariae and P. ovale remains a challenge for malaria control and elimination strategy. This local findings call for performing large scale survey and redefining the Plasmodium species composition to well inform the National Malaria Control Program in improving malaria microscopy in the country.

BiographySindew Mekasha Feleke, born on Feb-04-1985 and Employed in Ethiopian Public Health Institute in 2007 GC. He had did his Biology (BSc) from Dilla University ,Tropical and Infectious Disease (MSc) from Addis Ababa University, Guest Researcher Fellowship at CDC lab Atlanta, USA for one and half months, Guest Researcher Fellowship at University of South Florida (USF) lab, USA for two months And he had more than Nine (9) years work experience at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) since 2007 GC until know. Currently he is working as an Malaria and Neglected tropical Diseases Team Leader, Head for Malaria RDT QA and Onchocerciasis Molecular Laboratory and Researcher 1

[email protected]

Sindew Mekasha Feleke L et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Benchmarking of healthcare-Associated infections in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) statesAiman El-Saed1,2 and Hanan H Balkhy1,2

1Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Statement of the problem: Although there are few international benchmarks for the healthcare-associated infections (HAI), several methodological and logistic issues make the use of such benchmarks unfair. It has been long suggested to establish a local benchmark for Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states that consider the challenges of the newly established regional surveillance programs. The purpose of this project was to set a GCC benchmark to promote standardized surveillance in the hospitals of the GCC countries.

Methodology: The GCC Center for Infection Control located in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) did several activities to promote standard surveillance methodology for the GCC countries. This included publishing a surveillance manual, creating unique data collection forms, organizing multiple educational and training activities, and data auditing and validation on-site visits. Aggregate HAI surveillance data were pooled from 6 hospitals in three GCC countries; Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Bahrain. Standardized infection ratio (SIR) of HAIs in GCC hospitals were calculated using published reports of the US National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC).

Findings: We have published major benchmarking reports on ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in the American Journal of Infection Control. A third report about central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) is in the process of publication. A common finding from the three reports confirm that the risk of HAIs including VAP, CAUTI, and CALBSI in GCC countries is higher than pooled U.S. VAP rates but lower than pooled rates from developing countries participating in the INICC.

Conclusion & significance: Although we have accomplished a distinguished step towards setting a regional benchmark, more efforts are still needed to improve regional collaboration in HAI surveillance activities. We are currently working on recruiting more facilities to submit data for future larger-scale benchmarking reports on HAIs and antimicrobial resistance.

BiographyAiman El-Saed is MD physician from Egypt who had PhD and MPH in epidemiology from the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA in 2004. Worked as a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh for 3 years between 2004 and 2007. Currently working as Assistant Professor of Epidemiology & Biostatistics at the College of Public Health and Health Informatics of King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). He is also working as advisor of health surveillance at the infection Prevention & Control Department, National Guard hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He is serving as primary or co-investigator of several research grants. He had a strong epidemiologic and statistical research experience.

[email protected]

Aiman El-Saed L et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-032

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Posters

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Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella diarrhoeal infection among children in Thi-Qar Governorate, IraqAli Harb1,2, Mark O’Dea2, Zaman K Hanan3, Sam Abraham2 and Ihab Habib2

1Thi-Qar Public Health Division - Ministry of Health, Iraq2Murdoch University, Australia3Thi-Qar University, Iraq

Statement of the Problem: Salmonellosis is one of the most common bacterial diarrheal illnesses among children and poses a significant public health burden worldwide; despite this fact, data on non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. in Iraq are limited. The current study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, serotype and antimicrobial resistance profiles, and risk factors associated with Salmonella infection in children in Thi-Qar province, south-eastern Iraq.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged less than 5 years presenting with diarrhoea at paediatrics hospitals. Stool samples were identified using conventional and molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method. The associations between stool-culture positivity for Salmonella spp. and risk factors were assessed by Odds Ratio (OR), and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was considered significant at P-value ≤ 0.05.

Findings: From 320 diarrhea cases enrolled between March and August 2016, 33 (10.3%) diarrhea cases were stool culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella. Resistance was most commonly detected against tetracycline (78.8%), azithromycin (66.7%), and ciprofloxacin (60.6%). The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that higher odd of Salmonella infection in children from household associated with untreated water (pipe water) (OR=4.7 (95% CI: 1.6, 13.9), exposure to domestic animals (OR=10.5; 95% CI: 3.8, 28.4) and low education level of the caregiver (OR=3.9; 95% CI: 1.0, 6.4). Lower odd of Salmonella infection were associated with children exclusively breastfed (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.9) and caregiver those always washing hands after cleaning child defecation (95% CI: 0.1, 0.7).

Conclusion & Significance: Our findings indicate that Salmonella is an important cause of children diarrhea in this setting. This work provides local, specific epidemiological data which are crucial to understand and combat pediatric diarrhea in Iraq.

BiographyAli Harb has worked as a Head of the Investigation Team for Communicable Diseases in Thi-Qar Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Iraq. He was graduated with a Bachelor’s in Veterinary Medicine in 2003 and an MSc in Zoonotic Disease in 2010 from Baghdad University, Iraq. Currently, he is a PhD student in Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. His PhD research is about investigating the transmission routes of community-acquired Salmonella infection in Iraq. He collected human and food samples from Iraq. He also conducted two surveys to determine the risk factors of diarrhea illness and Salmonella infection among children under five years. His research will provide a better understanding of the mode of transmission of Salmonella spp. from food sources to cause infections in humans.

[email protected]@yahoo.com

Ali Harb et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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Chitosan and silver nanoparticles: Promising antitoxoplasma agentsMaha Gaafar, Mady R F, Diab RG and Shalaby Th IAlexandria University, Egypt

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide infection caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasite which is Toxoplasma gondii. Chitosan and silver nanoparticles were synthesized to be evaluated singly or combined for their antitoxoplasma effects

as prophylaxis and as treatment in the experimental animals. Results were assessed through studying the parasite density, studying the ultrastructural parasite changes and estimation of serum gamma interferon. Weight of tissue silver was assessed in different organs. Results showed that silver nanoparticles used singly or combined with chitosan have promising antitoxoplasma potentials. The animals that received these compounds showed statistically significant decrease in the mean number of the parasite count in the liver and the spleen, when compared to the corresponding control group. Light microscopic examination of the peritoneal exudates of animals receiving these compounds showed stoppage of movement and deformity in shape of the tachyzoites, whereas, by Scanning Electron Microscope, the organisms were mutilated. Moreover, gamma interferon was increased in the serum of animals receiving these compounds. All values of silver detected in different tissues were within the safe range. Thus, these nanoparticles proved their effectiveness against the experimental Toxoplasma infection.

BiographyGaafar M R has her expertise in diagnosis of different parasitic infections in various samples; blood, stool, urine and aspirates using novel and rapid techniques as enzymatic assays and real-time PCR. Her trials in treatment of the most common infectious diseases based on the use of new and safe lines of treatment as herbal treatment as well as the use of nanoparticles either natural or metal as anti-parasitic agents.

[email protected]

Maha Gaafar et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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Diabetes mellitus-related comorbidities among patients attending two major HIV clinics in Botswana: A 12-year retrospective cohort studyGoabaone Rankgoane-Pono1, Jose Gaby Tshikuka1,2, Mgaywa Gilbert Mjungu Damas Magafu1,3, Tiny Masupe1, Mooketsi Molefi1, Shimeles Genna Hamda1, Vincent Setlhare1, Roy Tapera1 and Bontle Mbongwe1

1University of Botswana, Botswana2National Pedagogic University, DRC 3University of Washington, USA

Background: An association between combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and diabetes-related comorbidities (DRCs) has been found in some countries. However, data on the incidence of DRCs among cART recipients in Botswana are not available. The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of DRCs among cART recipients, assess the time-to-event in the presence of censored cases and identify cART regimens most associated with DRCs.

Methods: 531 patients who were on cART at Princess Marina Hospital (PMH) HIV clinic and Bontleng HIV clinic were identified and retrospectively followed for 12 years. Each of the 531 patients was on one of the three standard first-, second- or third-line cART regimens. Person-years (PY) were used to compute the incidence of DRCs. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare survival of first-line cART patients to that of second-line/third-line cART patients. Cox regression was used to investigate associations with DRCs.

Results: The incidence of DRCs was found to be 26.8/1000 PY, with total time of exposure of 3316 PY. The average duration to event for all the 3 regimens was 11.72±0.20 years. The first-line cART regimen had a shorter mean ± SE duration of 10.59±0.26 years to the event compared to 12.69±0.24 years for the second-line/third-line regimen. Both the first-line cART and second-line/third-line cART were associated with DRCs but recipients on the first-line cART had a significantly shorter survival than recipients on second-line/third-line cART (Log-rank X2=8.98, p<0.003).

Conclusion: Both the first-line cART and second-line/third-line cART were associated with DRCs but the risk of developing DRCs per year of exposure was significantly greater for patients who were on first-line cART compared to those who were on second-line/third-line cART. Close monitoring of current cART treatment in patients and possible development of DRCs and other chronic non-communicable diseases is recommended in an effort to improve longevity and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS.

BiographyJose Gaby Tshikuka Mulumba, Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Botswana. Her research is mainly focused on Epidemiology, public health and Infectious Diseases.

[email protected]

Jose Gaby Tshikuka et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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Expression of Beclin-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bad, and Bax in HCV patients in relation to grade of hepatic fibrosisTarek K Motawi1, Eman A Amer2 and Mustafa A Elshobaky2

1Cairo University, Egypt2Ahram Canadian University, Egypt

Autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. However, its role is still unclear. We investigate the mRNA expression of Beclin-1 (major autophagic agent), pro-apoptotic agents (Bad, Bax), and anti-apoptotic agents

(Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) in blood samples withdrawn from Genotype 4 HCV-infected patients with different stages of hepatic fibrosis. The study was a retrospective one that included 30 healthy people (Control Group), 64 chronic hepatitis C patients with early hepatic fibrosis stages [grade 0 and 1 fibrosis] (F0-1 Group), and 36 chronic hepatitis C patients with Late hepatic fibrosis stages [grade 2 and 3 fibrosis] (F2-3 Group). qPCR was used to measure mRNA expression in the samples. Beclin-1, Bad, and Bax mRNA expression in F0-1 Group were significantly higher than both F2-3 Group and Control Group (P<0.001). While Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL mRNA expression in F0-1 Group were significantly lower than both F2-3 Group and Control Group (P<0.001). Beclin-1, Bad, and Bax mRNA expression were increased at the early stages of hepatic fibrosis in HCV patients, and were declined as the fibrosis progressed to more advanced stages, while Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL mRNA expression were increased as fibrosis progresses. This shows that autophagy has an important role in the early stages of hepatic fibrosis in Genotype 4 HCV patients. These findings provide an insight into the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection, and the effect of autophagy on liver fibrosis. This may be used to provide possible biomarkers and contribute to a new therapeutic approach.

BiographyTarek K Motawi is a Professor of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University. Egypt. He obtained PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1984, MSc in Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1979 and BSc in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University in 1976. He worked as an Instructor in 1976 and became Assistant Lecturer in 1980, Lecturer in 1984 and Assistant Professor in 1989. He was promoted to the position of Professor in 1994 and worked as Head of the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo from 2008 to 2014.

[email protected]

Tarek K Motawi et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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Molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae causing lower urinary tract infection in pediatric populationEltai N Omer Qatar University, Qatar

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) continue to be the one of the most common cause of infections in pediatric patients in the community. It is important to identify significant trend on anti-microbial resistance that may influence empirical treatment

& antibiotic stewardship. This study was designed with an objective of determining the prevalence of resistance mechanisms in ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from pediatric patients attending Pediatrics Clinic (PEC) Al Saad, Qatar. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by BD Phoenix and confirmed by double disk synergetic test (DDST). PCR and multiplex PCR-were performed for molecular characterization of different groups of ESBL. Out of a total of 566 positive urine cultures, E. coli (84%) was the most predominant uropathogen followed by K. pneumoniae (11%) and 197 (34.8%) were found to be ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Male to female ratio was 1: 4.7. Of these positive ESBL isolates, 119 were included in our study with E. coli being the pre major dominant isolate 104 (87.4%), followed by K. pneumonia 13 (11%) then E. cloacae 1(0.8%) and C. koseri 1 (0.8%). TXM was found to be the gene responsible for 63% of ESBL, followed by TEM 23.5 then a combination of TEM and SHV 9.2% and 4.2% were due to SHV. In conclusion, to our knowledge, there are no published data on UTI etiological agents and their analogues genotypic characteristics of resistant species of bacteria among children in Qatar. Our findings generate crucial information about the molecular epidemiology of resistant Gram-negative bacteria in pediatric population in Qatar. Accordingly, it will help in understanding the ESBLs dynamic and associated risk factors. More importantly it will help in establishing the anti-microbial stewardship program in Qatar and limiting the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the community by implementing the evidence based infection control measures.

BiographyEltai N Omer has completed her PhD from Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany and Postdoctoral studies from University of the West of England, UK. She is Research Associate at Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University. She has published many papers in the field of Antibiotic Resistance. Her research interests are multidisciplinary with emphasis on molecular diagnostic approaches, antimicrobial susceptibility & resistance, test of new natural antimicrobial agents. She is adopting the one health system approach by studying antimicrobial resistance in agriculture, environment and human in Qatar.

[email protected]

Eltai N Omer, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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Frequency of rrs and rpsL mutations in streptomycin-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Iranian patientsAzar Dokht Khoravi, Nayereh Etemad, Mohammad Hashemzadeh, Solmaz Khandan Dezfuli and Hamed GoodarziAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Streptomycin (SM) is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB. However, resistance to SM is increasingly reported mainly due to mutations in rpsL and rrs genes. The present study was designed with the

aim to determine the nature of SM resistance and the type and frequency of rpsL and rrs mutations among SM resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from Iran. One hundred clinical mono and multidrug-resistant MTB isolates were subjected to drug susceptibility testing (DST) for SM. SM resistant isolates were genotyped by using MIRU-VNTR typing. Fragments of the rpsL and rrs genes were amplified to investigate the most common mutations with subsequent sequence analysis. By DST, 32 (32%) isolates were identified as SM resistant, of which, 43.7% (14/32) were MDR. By MIRU-VNTR typing, the SM resistant isolates were classified into 20 different MIRU types and 8 clusters, with Beijing (39.13%) as the most prevalent genotype. Mutations in the rrs and rpsL genes were identified in 14 (43%) and 10 (31%) of the SM resistant isolates respectively. The most common mutations were at codon 128 (AAG→AGG, Lys43Arg), found in 7 (21%) isolates, and at codon 263 (A→G, Lys88Arg) in 3 (9%) isolates. The results suggest an association between the rpsL mutation and SM resistant strains of the Beijing genotype. The existence of 25% SM resistance in the isolates without mutation in rrs and rpsL genes, suggests the occurrence of further mechanisms associated with SM resistance in the isolates.

BiographyAzar Dokht Khoravi has her expertise in Mycobacteria genotyping and drug resistance. Her work in this field was started from her PhD course in University College London, where she had the opportunity to work with known scientists in this field Professors John Stanford and Graham Rook as her supervisors. Since Iran is an endemic country for tuberculosis, she and his colleagues and graduate students have recently established a research area in southwestern Iran linked with the public health tuberculosis reference laboratory which is under the WHO supervision, focusing on the drug resistance in M. tuberculosis. This is a promising area with the aim to minimize the rate of MDR tuberculosis in collaboration with health sectors for an improved treatment management of tuberculosis.

[email protected]

Azar Dokht Khoravi et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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e-Posters

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Intranasal delivery of influenza virosomes for enhances of adaptive immunity genes expressionAizhan S Turmagambetova, Pavel G Alexyuk, Madina S Alexyuk, Ergali S Moldakhanov, Elmira I Anarkulova, Angelika S Babenko, Andrey P Bogoyavlenskiy and Vladimir E BerezinInstitute of Microbiology and Virology, Kazakhstan

Ease of the intranasal immunization makes it an attractive target for the administration of different forms of supramolecular organizations of influenza virus antigens. This is efficient way to deliver antigens to regional lymph nodes for specific T-cell

activation. The controlled in vitro assembly of virus-like particles from purified components is the basic concept of virosomes. The first generation of influenza virosomes developed two decades ago is successfully applied in licensed vaccines, providing a solid clinical safety and efficacy track record for the technology. The main disadvantage of these vaccines was a more traumatic route of administration: intramuscular or subcutaneous. Intranasal immunization with virosomes may represent a novel effective strategy to directly modulation of adaptive immune responses in to the respiratory tract. Virosomes may not only serve as antigen carriers but are also endowed with intrinsic immune-stimulatory properties. Virosomes themselves are able to activate APCs and enhance antigen uptake and processing. Influenza virosomes were designed on the base of lipid microspheres with glycoprotein antigens for the investigation of adaptive immunity genes expression. The level of expression of adaptive immune response genes was determined in to the naïve BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages 24 hours after intranasal immunization. The genes expression of adaptive immunity was analyzed by Real-time PCR assay.The intranasal immunization with influenza virosomes induced a much higher expression of cytokine genes compared with micelles of influenza surface glycoproteins. Therefore intranasal administration of viral antigen by virosomes effectively induced adaptive immune responses and may be utilized in novel preventive or therapeutic approaches for vaccination.

BiographyAizhan Turmagambetova has her expertise in investigation of antiviral and immunostimulating activity of plant preparations isolated from plants of the flora of Kazakhstan. From various plants indigenous to Kazakhstan have been isolated numbers of perspective substances with broad spectrum of antiviral activity and high immunostimulatory capacity Study of antigenic and immunogenic properties of viral antigens and dependence of their biological activity on supramolecular organization. It was shown that change of supramolecular organization of viral antigens may significantly influence on their immunostimulation activity. This is important for construction of highly immunogenic vaccine preparations. Earlier she was the manager of 2 national scientific projects (2012-2015) supported Kazakh National Scientific Funds.

[email protected]

Aizhan S Turmagambetova et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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Resistant Microbial Keratitis in South Nile Delta, Egypt: Influence of Regional Risk FactorsHatem M. Marey, Sameh S. Mandour and Hassan G. FarahatMenoufia University, Egypt

Purpose: This study was conducted in an attempt to identify the regional, geographic, climatic, socioeconomic, and other risk factors for microbial keratitis in south Nile Delta, Egypt.

Methods: This is a prospective crosssectional study that was carried out on 340 eyes of 340 patients with microbial keratitis attending at the outpatient clinic of Ophthalmology Department of Menoufia University Hospital during a period of three years between March 2010 and March 2013.

Results: Epidemiological factors, lines of management, and follow-up results were recorded and statistically analyzed and there were regional variations in the prevalence, risk factors, and outcome in resistant corneal ulcers.

Conclusion: Higher incidence of affections and complications has appeared in farmers, rural area residents, and illiterates which are considered the main predisposing factors for ulcer resistance. According to culture results, bacterial organisms (especially Staphylococcus aureus) were the main cause of resistant corneal ulcers.

BiographyHatem Marey and his coworkers has conducted this study to evaluate the the regional, geographic, climatic, socioeconomic, and other risk factors for microbial keratitis in south Nile Delta, Egypt. The study that was carried out on 340 eyes of 340 patients with microbial keratitis in an attempt to evaluate the risk factors on microbial keratitis. They found a higher incidence of affections and complications in farmers, rural area residents, and illiterates.

[email protected]

Hatem M. Marey et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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Prevalence of Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Menoufia Governorate, EgyptRabab A. Elwahsh, Shymaa A. El Askary, Amal F. Makled, Gehan A. Abdel Aal and Reda A. IbrahemMenoufia University, Egypt

Background: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases affecting humans worldwide and are considered as an important cause of morbidity and mortality for all age groups. Almost three quarters of all antibiotic consumptions are for respiratory tract infections.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty two gram negative bacteria (GNB) were isolated from 763 LRTIs specimens in the period from February 2015 to January 2016 by conventional microbiological methods. Multidrug-resistance (MDR), extensively drug-resistance (XDR) and pan drug resistance (PDR) for GNB were examined by disc diffusion method. ESβL and MβL GNB suspected strains were studied by screening and confirmatory tests.

Results: The prevalence of culture positive specimens was (65.9%) of the studied specimens, 44.1% of them were aerobic GNB which was distributed as 35.8% of the ward isolates and 60.7% of ICUs isolates. Klebsiella spp. (44.6%) was the most common GNB isolated from LRTIs patients followed by E coli (20.3%), Pseudomonas spp. (18%), Acinetobacter spp. (10.8%), Enterobacter (4.5%) and Citrobacter (1.8%). Total MDR, XDR and PDR GNB were 45.5%, 47.8% and 5.0% respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the studied fermentative GNB and non-fermentative GNB (60.1% Vs. 42%) for ESβL production by Cephalosporin/clavulanate combination disks test (confirmatory test). The highest percentage of MβL production by confirmatory IPM/EDTA was for Acinetobacter spp. (62.5%) followed by Pseudomonas spp. (60%), Klebsiella spp. (52.5%) and E coli (40%). The mortality rate was 7.4% and 10.9% in patients who had ESβL or MβL producing isolates respectively.

Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are now widespread especially in patients with LRTIs and present a major challenge to modern medical practice. Longer hospital stay, ICU admission, invasive procedures, associated comorbid conditions and empirical antibiotic usage were significantly high risk factors for acquisition of ESβL and MβL.

BiographyRabab El wahsh and her coworkers has conducted this study to determine the prevalence of aerobic gram negative bacteria among LRTIs patients and associated risk factors in addition to its effect on patient outcome with declaration of MDR aerobic Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) causing LRTIs, with a special reference to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESβL) and metallo-beta-lactamase (MβL) producing bacterial strains and to study their relation with patient’s mortality and morbidity. They found Multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are now widespread especially in patients with LRTIs and present a major challenge to modern medical practice.

[email protected]

Rabab A. Elwahsh et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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Some notes about Emerging infectious disease combating Samer M Al-HuluAl-Qasim Green University, Iraq

Emerging Infectious Disease, It's a diseases which generated from changes in or evolution of existing organisms; known diseases may spread to new geographic areas or human populations; or previously unrecognized infections may appear in

persons living or working in areas undergoing ecologic changes. Five major infectious agents have been determined, includes, bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminthes. Specific processes (genetic variation) such as gene mutation, genetic recombination, or reassortment , and it due to developing of antimicrobial resistance as well as factors that compel microbial agents to change reservoir hosts play a major causes of Infectious Disease Emergence. Combating of infectious diseases achieved by Epidemic preparedness and rapid response: Surveillance in its simplest way for collection of information for action. The goals achieved by strengthening of routine in-country surveillance for emerging infectious diseases; enhance detection of outbreaks by the development of early warning systems and forging strong surveillance networks, Public health infrastructure: Public health infrastructure is fundamental for any efficient public health activity. It consists of people working in health field, the combating done by providing public health laboratories for identification and molecular characterization of causative agents, development, appropriate use, and availability of diagnostic tests and reagents; cooperation from informed communities, use of modern communication and information technology. Risk communication: The purpose for risk communication determination includes for easing public concern by informing them about the risk, the treatment, the transmission dynamics and clinical features of disease outbreak and secondly, to making the public aware of actions that need to be initiated by people themselves for their benefit as well as for cutting short the transmission of infection. Research and its utilization: Research is playing an important role during an outbreak, aetiological agent identifying, developing diagnostic tools, case management modules and preventive strategies. Advocacy for political commitment and partnership building: The aim can be achieved by strong infrastructure, competent and skilled human resources and an efficient inter-sectoral partnership.

BiographySamer M. Al-Hulu, Assistant Professor of Microbiology, has completed his PhD from Babylon University/College of Science-Iraq. He has published more than 14 papers in microbiology field. Al-Hulu, has training at Ministry of Health at Laboratory of Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital. Now working at Al-Qasim Green University/College of Food Science-Iraq.

[email protected]

Samer M Al-Hulu, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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Accepted Abstracts

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Streptococcus suis: Bacteremia presenting with Fever, Rashes, Arthritis and Neurologic DeficitsAhmad M. Domado and Jill ItableSouthern Philippines Medical Center, Philippines

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a gram positive cocci acquired through exposure to infected swine. The most common clinical manifestation is meningitis often accompanied by bacteremia. S. suis is an emerging pathogen with significant

complications, but remains to be underreported. Only 1,584 cases of S. suis infection have been reported worldwide with most of the cases concentrated in Southeast Asia where swine quantity is high. Despite a booming hog industry in the Philippines and increasing prevalence in its neighboring countries, S. suis infection remain unreported in our country due to either lack of available diagnostics or misdiagnoses. We report a case of a 52-year-old male who came in due to fever, generalized violaceous purpuric rash, headache, and nuchal rigidity. Patient was diagnosed with meningitis clinically. Patient consumed a diseased swine 5 days prior to admission. Blood culture was positive for Streptococcus suis II and clinical improvement was achieved with antibiotic treatment. Our patient is the second Filipino and the first documented case to be diagnosed in the Philippines. Patient is also the first documented case of a Filipino with Streptococcus bacteremia presenting with meningitis, hearing loss, skin lesions and arthritis. In S. suis infection, antibiotic treatment should be started without delay because a high mortality rate of up to 68% is observed in patients with septicemia and septic shock. With increased awareness and available diagnostics, a future outbreak, can be prevented.

ahmaddomado@yahoo

Fever with rash Ashok KapseMahavir superspeciality Hospital, SURAT INDIA

Child presenting with rash is common occurrence in pediatrics. Rash presenting with fever provides you material for microbiological evaluation, offers you unique opportunity to make clinical diagnosis, and gives clinician vital leads

towards severity markers. A case could be approached in different ways however rash based approach is the easiest way for clinical evaluation. Classification and evaluation of rash as erythematous, maculopapular, papulovesicular, petechial, blisterous and so on leads clinician to correct diagnosis and proper management. Correct typing of rash directs clinician towards a careful wait and watch approach in certain clinical situation while dictates him to act emergently in others. I intend to provide an easy clinico-pictorial approach for a case presenting with rash in day to day practice.

[email protected]

J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:6(Suppl)DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-033

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Status of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Implementation in EthiopiaAyinalem Alemu*1, Ephrem Tesfaye1, Zelalem Yaregal1, Misikir Amare1, Zekarias Dagne1, Desalegn Addise1, Mengistu Tadesse1, Waganeh Sinshaw1, Bazezew Yenew1, Helina Mollalign1, Getu Diriba1, Muluwork Getahun1 and Abebaw Kebede1

1National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

Background: In 2010, WHO has endorsed Xpert MTB/RIF Assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance tuberculosis (RR-TB). Following this recommendation, Xpert MTB/RIF Assay has been implemented in Ethiopia since 2012. Monitoring and evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay implementation is necessary to ensure the effective and efficient use of resources and to guide the future scale-up.

Objective: To assess the implementation Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of TB and RR-TB in Ethiopia.

Methodology: Data was collected and analyzed from 87 GeneXpert sites from May to June 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on staff profile and trainings taken. Data was extracted from GeneXpert machine since the date of installation from 70 GeneXpert sites. Records were reviewed from laboratory register book and from archived laboratory request formats by using a comprehensive assessment tool to evaluate the laboratory personnel competency and clinician’s adherence to the national algorithm.

Result: A total of 80,683 specimens were examined by using Xpert MTB/RIF Assay starting from the date of installation up to June 2016 in 70 GeneXpert sites. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 12,422 (15.4%) of specimens. From all TB detected results 83.75% (10,403), 12.68% (1,591) and 3.45% (428) were susceptible, resistance and indeterminate to Rifampicin respectively. The error rate was 14.1%. There were 285 Xpert MTB/RIF Assay trained laboratory professionals at 87 GeneXpert sites. An average of 3 trained laboratory professionals were working in each facility. At least one trained laboratory professional was found in each facility, but untrained laboratory professionals were performing Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in 67 facilities. National Tuberculosis Program approved Xpert MTB/RIF Assay testing algorithm was not followed in 36% of sites. Most of the clinicians did not properly fill request papers. Standardized request formats and laboratory log books were not available in 15% and 8% of facilities, respectively. Xpert MTB/RIF Assay results were correctly recorded on the laboratory log book in 87% of sites. Critical result (RR-TB) communication was not appropriate in 25.6% of facilities. Xpert MTB/RIF Assay test results were not archived regularly in 47% of laboratories.

Conclusion: Detection rate of TB with the Xpert MTB/RIF Assay was low. This may be due to inappropriate eligibility screening of the patients. Xpert MTB/RIF Assay showed an advantage for detecting RR-TB cases in peripheral laboratory level, which is important for early detection of drug resistant cases as well as early treatment initiation. Error rate was high in comparing with the expected standard (≤3%). There was 100% Xpert MTB/RIF Assay training coverage; however, in majority of the sites untrained laboratory professionals were performing Xpert MTB/RIF testing. This may probably have negative impact on test results.

[email protected]


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Success in obtaining sputum samples in TB suspect patients with no sputum B Hawramy, L Carmichael and Z Hall Bradford Royal Infirmary Bradford Teaching Hospital Foundation Trust- Bradford(united kingdom)

Introduction: Alternative method of obtaining sputum specimens e.g. bronchoscopy is frequently needed in patients with suspected TB who report no sputum. In our TB service in Bradford Royal Infirmary, UK, we provided 3 sputum pots to this group of patients to encourage them to produce sputum before proceeding to Bronchoscopy.

Aim: To evaluate the success in obtaining sputum sample in this group of patients before proceeding to an invasive approach in diagnosing pulmonary TB (PTB).

Method: A retrospective case review was carried out on patients with confirmed PTB on our TB registry from January 2016 to December 2016. Medical records, radiology reports, sputum and bronchoscopy results were reviewed electronically.

Result: 44 patients were diagnosed with PTB during this period. Of those, 10 (22.7%) patients reported dry cough or no cough, among these 9 (90%) patients (median age 48 {23-73}, all male, 7 South Asian and 2 Eastern European) were able to produce sputum when offered 3 sputum pots. Sputum smear and culture were positive for AAFB in 7 and all 9 patients respectively. Only 2 of patients underwent bronchoscopy; one for clinical urgency and the other one for smear negative (later culture positive). In 7 patients diagnosis was made without bronchoscopy.

Conclusion: we avoided bronchoscopy in 7 patients who reported no sputum by offering them sputum pots .This study highlights the importance of attempting to obtain sputum samples in suspected PTB patients who report no sputum before proceeding to invasive sampling. Further studies are needed to determine why some patients are not declaring sputum production in spite of its presence.

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Toxic shock syndrome due to streptococcus pyogenes in an 80-year old post-knee arthroplasty patient: A case reportJenny Mae A Quinivista-Yoon and Ryan M LlorinSt. Luke’s Medical Center-Global City, Philippines

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the leading causes of arthroplasty failure. A high incidence of PJI follows Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. On the other hand, Streptococcus pyogenes PJI is extremely

rare with only a very few case reports in the literature. Toxic shock syndrome resulting from Streptococcus pyogenes infection, however, has a reported mortality rate as high as 30-70%, hence early recognition of this potentially fatal infection is crucial to the successful management of patients. In this article, we report a case of an 80 year old male who developed streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in association with a severe group-A streptococcal infection of the knee after a total knee arthroplasty done two years prior.

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How effective is malaria eradication strategies in africa?Elizabeth Demilade S-KoikiThe Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom School of Science & Engineering

Background: In Africa, malaria has continued to be a big dilemma and a primary cause of mortality and morbidity especially among children under the age of 5, pregnant women and immunocompromised people for example people infected with HIV/AIDS. Despite global efforts in the management and eradication towards malaria, African countries have fallen behind due to many factors. However, the availability of preventative method such as long- lasting insecticide treated bed nets (LLIN), insecticide treated nets (ITN), and indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been instrumental towards eradicating malaria in Africa. While other countries in the world have managed to eradicate malaria, doubts arise in Africa due to the effectiveness of present measures. Consequently, this study evaluates malaria eradication strategies in Africa, the main objective of this study is to detect if eradication strategies such as ITN and LLIN methods are reducing the rate of malaria.

Method: A literature search was conducted on scientific databases such as NCBI, Google scholar, PubMed etc. Strict inclusion exclusion criteria were applied in the filtration process of publication and this was done in order to have the best studies to conduct this project. Outcomes of the search were use of ITN/LLIN vs non-use.

Results: Seven papers were identified and analysed. Three groups were identified (Control, LLIN and ITN). The mean value for the control group is 49.69%. The participant in the LLIN group had a mean infection rate of 47.97% and the ITN group had an infection rate of 23.12% during the duration of the study these two groups were using the preventative method. This showed that LLIN and ITN use reduces malaria infection, however according to results obtained ITN reduced malaria infection more than LLIN.

Conclusion: Preventative method to reduce malaria infection is important, the use of LLIN and ITN shows that if used it can prevent people being infected with malaria.

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Cytomegalovirus-Varicella zoster meningoencephalitis and ischemic stroke in an HIV-AIDS patient: A case reportMonica Pia P Reyes and Ryan M LlorinSt. Luke’s Medical Center-Global City, Philippines

Along with the increasing number of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients per day in Philippines (26 new cases/day) is an increasing number of HIV patients diagnosed with central nervous system infection (CNSI) and

stroke. A study shows that the risk of ischemic stroke was higher among those with HIV infection compared with uninfected people (hazard ratio 1.17). Mechanisms of ischemic stroke include HIV-associated vasculopathy, opportunistic infections or neoplasia, cardio-embolism and coagulopathy. This case report aims to present a CNS co-infection of the three most documented viruses that causes stroke: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella zoster Virus (VZV) and HIV. The inflammatory cascade in these infections promotes atherosclerosis, plaque rupture and thrombosis, leading to ischemic stroke. A 35-year-old male with HIV who was non-compliant with anti-retroviral therapy and who had recent untreated shingles was brought in with decreased sensorium, signs of meningeal irritation and right-sided neurologic deficit. Computed tomography scan revealed acute to sub-acute infarct, left middle cerebral artery territory (Figure 1). He was admitted and started empirically on vancomycin, ampicillin, cefepime and ganciclovir for central nervous system infection. HIV work-up revealed a CD4 of 11 cells/mm3 and HIV-1 RNA of 1, 124, 215 copies/mL. CMV IgG is positive at 65 U/mL. Lumbar tap done had an elevated opening pressure with elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein, low-normal CSF glucose and pleocytosis with lymphocytic predominance. Viral panel showed CMV viral load of 634,000 copies/mL and VZV IgG 44.4 mIU/L clinching the diagnosis of concomitant CMV-VZV meningoencephalitis in this HIV patient. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiogram is compatible with viral vasculopathy (Figure 2). The pathogenic mechanisms of VZV reactivation in the CNS include neuronal and glial direct infection and immune-mediated lesions including vasculitis and demyelinization while CMV infection of vascular smooth muscle cells induces production of powerful pro-inflammatory cytokines which accelerate atherosclerosis development. This might be the first reported case of co-infection of the CMV- VZV-HIV meningoencephalitis and ischemic stroke.

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The impact of opt-out hiv testing among hospitalized patients on number of cases detected and linkage to care: a systematic reviewIsabelle Dominique Tomacruz, Carlo Miguel Berba, Lance Isidore Catedral and Regina BerbaUniversity of the Philippines, Philippine

Background: The WHO released a policy statement emphasizing the importance of increasing knowledge of HIV status in expanding treatment and care. Routine opt-out screening is one approach meant to remove barriers to HIV testing by informing all patients that an HIV test will be performed unless they decline testing.

Objective: This study aims to describe the implementation of an opt-out HIV testing strategy in hospitals and report outcomes in terms of number of new HIV cases identified and linked to care.

Methods: A systematic search through PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Science Direct, JSTOR, and SCOPUS was done. Studies were included if they involved a routine opt-out HIV screening program that elaborated on the process of its implementation at a hospital, the number of HIV cases identified and linked to care. Studies and data involving pediatric populations, health care personnel alone, outpatient department setting, or known HIV status, were excluded.

Results: Database search identified 564 studies and 16 studies met our inclusion criteria. Thirteen were situated in acute care units, two in the medical or surgical wards, and one in both acute care and general in patient units. Seven studies integrated their testing protocol to existing hospital pathways, and did not require more staff. Across all studies, the most common reason for eligible patients to decline testing was the perception that they were not at risk for HIV infection. The opt-out HIV testing strategy had an average acceptance rate of 60.5%, average new cases detected of 0.8%, 81.4% of which were linked to care.

Conclusions: Opt-out HIV testing in the context of in-hospital care is found to be acceptable and feasible by several institutions worldwide. This strategy may result in a greater number of cases detected and earlier linkage to care. Further studies must be done, focusing on cost- effectiveness, and application in third-world or resource-limited contexts.

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Delay in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Low- and Middle- Income Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisFentabil Getnet Yimer, Yemane Berhane, Nega Assefa, Bizatu Mengistie and Alemayehu WorkuCollege of Medical and Health Sciences, Jigjiga University, Ethiopia

Assessment of time delays in diagnosis of tuberculosis is essential to evaluate effectiveness of control programs, and identify programmatic impediments. Thus, we have reviewed recent studies to summarize patient, health system and total delays

in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors with it in low- and middle- income countries. The review was done following standard procedures of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and checklist. Web-based databases were searched to retrieve relevant studies from 2007 to 2015 including Springer link, Pubmed, Hinari and Google scholar. Searching terms were pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnostic delay, patient delay, health system delay, provider delay, doctor delay, health care seeking and health care seeking behavior. Retrieved studies were summarized by systematic review and meta-analysis using comprehensive meta-analysis software.Forty studies involving 18,975 patients qualified for systematic review and 14 of them for meta-analysis. The reported median total delay ranges from 30 to 366.5 days; with a relatively more for patient delay (4 to 199 days) compared to health system delay (2 to 128.5 days).The key determinants of patient delay were poor literacy, long distance to the nearest health facilities, evil/bad luck perception as cause, poor knowledge, first care seeking from informal providers, self-medication, pulmonary co-morbidity and mild severity of illness among others. Likewise, good functional status, unusual symptoms, first care seeking at private and low level facilities, normal chest X-ray and smear negative results were key determinants of health system delay. The meta-analysis showed 42% of pulmonary tuberculosis patients delayed seeking care by a month or more; uneducated patients [pooled OR=1.5, 95%CI=1.1-1.9] and those who sought initial care from informal providers [pooled OR=3, 95%CI=2.3-3.9] had higher odds of patient delay.

Conclusion: Delay in diagnosis is still a major challenge of tuberculosis control and prevention programs in low- and middle- income settings. Efforts to develop new strategies for better case-finding and improving patients’ care seeking behavior need to be intensified.

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Correlation of Lyme disease with Immune DysfunctionHarpal S. Mangat1, Harman Sawhney2, Harminder Kaur1, Pallavi Billa3 and Colleen Seipp3

1Howard College of Medicine, Washington DC 2St. George’s University School of Medicine, Grenada3Medical Health Center, Maryland, US

Background: Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted to humans through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks. CD4/CD8 ratios in healthy adults vary across populations; in the US, a CD4/CD8 ratio ranging

from 0.9 to 1.9 is considered to be normal in non-immunocompromised individuals. Lyme disease is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings (eg. Rash) and the possiblity of exposure to infected ticks. Labratory testing is helpful if used correctly and performed with validated methods. The US Center for Disease Control (CDC) diagnostic criteria requires the identification of five Western blot IgG bands for a positive diagnosis1, although patients with less than five positive bands have been subsequently diagnosed with Lyme Disease through urine PCR in Nanotrap testing2. Material/methods: 183 patients at two medical centers were evaluated in Lyme endemic communities in Maryland, US. Further investigation of 148 of these patients correlated their CD4/CD8 ratio with their Ig41 band, using one and two tail testing. Results: The mean CD4/CD8 ratio in the 148 patients was 2.41 with a variance of 1.05 and a standard deviation of 1.025. Assuming a normal CD4/CD8 ratio of less than 2, with a 5% confidence interval, the p value on both a one tailed and two tailed test was shown to be 0.00001. Two patients with an initial CD4/CD8 ratio of 2.7 and 2.8 who were IgG 41 positive were subsequently tested with the Nanotrap Urine PCR and found to be positive for Lyme. Conclusions: Increased CD4/CD8 ratio with a positive IgG 41 band appears to be a strong predictor of a subsequent diagnosis of Lyme disease despite current diagnostic guidelines. Further research should not only be directed towards investigating how Borrellia Burgdoferi disrupts immune function, but also towards improving diagnostic guidelines in light of validated diagnostic methods.

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What is the prevalence of upper respiratory tract pneumococcal carriage in chronically malnourished children aged from birth to five years?Holly SmithLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the University of Liverpool, UK

Background and Objectives: Respiratory-tract infections and invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) are a major cause of childhood deaths worldwide. Colonisation of Spn is a prerequisite to pneumococcal disease and carriage is high in children under 5 years. Chronic malnutrition impairs immune responses, rendering children more susceptible to infection. This is reflected by higher incidence of disease. As studies have suggested the paradigm of chronic malnutrition leading to increased rates of Spn carriage, the aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence rate of pneumococcal carriage in the upper respiratory tract of chronically malnourished children under the age of 5 years.

Methods: A systematic search of the existing literature reporting upper respiratory tract prevalence rate of Spn colonisation in malnourished children under the age of five, using Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, was carried out. An eligibility criteria was used to include relevant papers.

Findings: The prevalence rate of Spn colonisation in malnourished children under the age of 5 was high. Prevalence at birth ranged from 1.0-2.0% and this greatly increases at 2 months to 53.9-80.0%. Carriage remains high from 3 months to 60 months at 64.1-88.0%. Meta-analysis showed a pooled prevalence of 67.2% in 0-3 months infants (95% CI, 55.6-78.7%), 77.9% in 3-6 months infants (95% CI, 68.1-87.7%) and 77.8% in 6-60 months infants (95% CI, 73.9-81.6%).

Conclusion: In chronically malnourished children, pneumococcal carriage is frequent. However, as data is limited, further research is needed to investigate the aetiology and the strength of this association.

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An epidemiological (field study) on Mansoura University Medical Students Determining Knowledge of Ebola virus outbreak.Mahmoud Magdi, Mansoura University of Medicine, Egypt

Background: Ebola is a haemorrhagic disease of humans caused by Ebola viruses ongoing in several West African countries.

Objective: To evaluate the current level of knowledge of Ebola virus and to raise community awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection among medical and para-medical students given that healthcare workers have been especially vulnerable.

Method: This was a field study carried in the campus of University of Mansoura, Egypt. A stand has been divided into 3 stations: a pre-survey, an awareness station and a post-survey. The questionnaire addressed basic facts about Ebola virus and how to prevent it, its route of transmission, risk of morbidity and mortality, treatments available and countries afflicted.

Results: Out of the 1515 peoples participating in the survey there were 703 females and 812 males. A total of 1336 were medical students. 754 said they had heard about Ebola. The internet was the most common source of knowledge about Ebola, as 1273 students stated it as first choice with TV coming in second, with 242 students. Most were met with the answer ‘I don’t know’ in the pre-survey. In the post-survey after a 10 minutes general awareness session about the Ebola virus, 1470 surveyors agreed that Ebola has currently no effective treatment and leads to death. Moreover, after the quick awareness 1491 surveyors answered positively to the question ‘Is Ebola preventable?’

Conclusion: Involving community-especially medical students and healthcare workers- in treatment and prevention of Ebola through providing adequate means of awareness; assessment is crucial to containing the outbreak and limiting its consequences.

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Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patientsMatilda GjergjiAMAVITA Hospital, Tirana-Albania

Introduction: In Albania the incidence of people with both TB and HIV is small, however, it is a category that should not be neglected.

Aim of the study: The main aim is to assess the characteristics of TB in the HIV/AIDS patients.

Materials and methods: During 2004-2015 years are consulted 24 cases of TB in the HIV/AIDS patients, from them 23(85.2%) cases as pulmonary tuberculosis and 4(14.2%) cases as generalized tuberculosis. The mean age of the subjects with pulmonary TB was 48.1±9.8, males – 22(95.7%), smokers -21(91.3%), from urban areas 16(69.6%), unemployed –9(39.1%). Data are elaborated by SPSS17.

Results: Period of knowing HIV infection was 6.2±2.2 years, period of ART treatment - 5.3±2.8. According to the count of CD4+ cellules, 6(26.1%) patients resulted with 200-999 cell/ml, 8(34.8%) - with 100-199 cell/ml, and 9(39.1%) <100cell/ml. Beginning of TB was acute in 39.1%, sub acute in 52.2% and chronic in 8.7%. Clinical manifestation of pulmonary TB were: cough – 73.9%, expectoration- 43.5%, dyspnoea – 34.8%, chest pain – 26.1%, haemoptysis – 26,1%, weight loss – 65.2%, fatigue – 87%, fever – 78.3%, anorexia- 78.3%. Radiographically is displayed adenopathy in 5 (21.7%) cases and with CT in 7 (30.4%) cases. Lesions are on the right lung in 21.7%, on the left- 34.8%, and bilateral - 43.5%. Upper zone localization in 56.5%, middle zone -30.4%, and lower zone- 13%. Exitus laetalis resulted in 4(17.4%) patients, 3 patients with 100-199 CD4 cell/ml and one patient with < 100 CD4 cell/ml.

Conclusions: TB is a common respiratory complications and with high mortality rate in HIV/AIDS patients. The level of CD4+ count is predictive factor for clinical manifestation and prognosis.

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Recurrent cholangitis associated with biliary sludge and Phrygian cap anomaly diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography despite normal ultrasound and computed tomography.Basaranoglu MetinBezmialem Vakif University Faculty Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

A 31-year-old woman presented with a one and half years' history of intermittent right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, high fever and severely painful, warm and reddish swollen skin lesions on the fingers. Acute attack resolution occurred within

2 weeks after treatment with non-specific antibiotics. Low-grade fever (around 37.5 degrees C) and less painful swellings continued for 6 months after each attack. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scans did not show any abnormality during the attacks. Biopsy of the skin lesions after the second attack revealed lymphocytic vasculitis. All laboratory studies including rheumatologic serology panel were normal. One month after the complete resolution of the second attack, the patient was observed to have high fever, the same skin lesions on the fingers as at the initial stage, nausea and marked abdominal pain in the RUQ. Routine laboratory studies including complete blood count, liver function tests and serum amylase and lipase levels were normal. An abdominal CT scan revealed a slight thickening of the gallbladder wall (3.9 mm). Two weeks later, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were performed because of persistent abdominal pain. They revealed both biliary tract and pancreatic gland alterations consistent with past cholangitis and pancreatitis with coexisting Phrygian cap anomaly and biliary sludge on the neck of the gallbladder.

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In vitro evaluation of the impact of APNTP pre-exposure on antibiotics susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.Nid’a H. Alshraiedeh1, Sean P. Gorman2, William G. Graham2 and Brendan F. Gilmore2

1Jordan University of science and technology, Jordan. 2Queen’s university Belfast,UK

Statement of the Problem: Biofilms are the predominant mode of bacterial growth in the environment. They are implicated in approximately 80 % of chronic human infections (Kalmokoff 2006; Francolini 2010). its formation is associated with high tolerance to conventional biocides and antimicrobial agents (Nandakumar 2004; Kamgang 2007) . Tolerance could be attributed to impaired diffusion, neutralising mechanisms, presence of persister cells, acquiring resistant genes and other factors that could work synergistically to develop resistance (Costerton 1999; Parsek 2004).

Findings: A preliminary study was conducted to assess the potential use of in-house designed kilohertz (kHz)-driven atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma (APNTP) as adjuvant therapy with other available antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for the control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, and whose activity are known to be attenuated in the presence of biofilm matrix components. Synergy between APNTP pre-exposure and the antibiofilm activity of three antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin, tobramycin and chlorhexidine) was demonstrated. Pre-exposure of a 48 hour biofilm to APNTP increased the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm to the tested antimicrobial agents. Further studies have been conducted to understand the factors that increase the sensitivity of APNTP treated biofilm to tobramycin. Effect of initial bacterial titers on sensitivity to tobramycin was negligible. The protective effect of EPS was also studied and found that Pre-exposure of exogenous DNA and alginate to APNTP did not appear to restore the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobial agents.

Conclusion & Significance: This study showed a promising results for possibility of use sub-optimal exposures of APNTP as adjuvant topical therapy with conventional antimicrobials agents. Further studies are required to explain the mechanism underlying this synergy in order to provide important information for the design and optimization of non-thermal plasma sources for infection control.

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Incidence and preparedness for treatment of diarrhoea in epidermic prone flood areas of Chiga Kisumu County.Redemptah Yeda KenyaDepartment of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Statement of the Problem: Diarrhea is preventable and treatable by early recognition of dehydration, increased fluids, breastfeeding and timely treatment. Despite the advances to understand management and pathogenesis, globally it’s

estimated that diarrhea accounts for 1.5 million deaths annually. 800,000 children die annually in sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, infectious diseases are on the rise due to poverty, illiteracy, inadequate safe drinking water and poor sanitation Flood prone areas have high incidence of diarrhea. However, there is no active surveillance to monitor the incidence and also understand the effect of seasons on the incidence. No study has been carried out on the preparedness of the health facilities for the treatment of Diarrhea. The purpose of this study: To investigate the incidence and preparedness for treatment of diarrhea in epidemic prone floods areas in Kisumu County. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: This was a retrospective study come across sectional study. A key informative interview tool was used to collect data among community health workers and the hospital leads. A conceptual frame work was used to focus on the interaction between incidence and mortality with relation to environment. Findings: Diarrhea is common among the adults compared to other age categories. Conclusion & Significance: Despite the challenges in controlling diarrhea, adults experience more cases. Over the last 20 years diarrhea studies have mainly on the under five However, there is limited information on the epidemiology of diarrhea among adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Recommendations Research is required to establish scientific models to predict diarrhea outbreaks.

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HCV between developed and underdeveloped countries Incidence and preparedness for treatment of diarrhoea in epidermic prone flood areas of Chiga Kisumu County.Refat sadeqPort said University, Egypt

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV).[1] HCV infection is a major problem in Egypt. Egypt has the highest prevalence of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the world, with 14

percent of the population infected and 11.8 million patients, according to the World Health Organisation. Every year there are 170,000-200,000 new HVC cases in Egypt. It was discovered in 1989. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small, enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus.[7] It is a member of the Hepacivirus genus in the family Flaviviridae.[2]There are seven major genotypes of HCV, which are known as genotypes one to seven.[43] It is transmitted by injection which means spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, and transfusions. Because Egypt is also endemic with Schistosomiasis , it was thought that treatment with tartar emetic was the principal cause of wide spread infection with HCV as sharing of syringes was done in a wide scale. Since start of HCV discovery there are terror of it not only for its effect on the liver as it causes chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer but because of its effect on refusal of immigration between countries of Middle East with huge ecomonic burden resulted from that.So HCV cases tried any treatment prescribed by doctors or others to get rid off it without any scientific basis, like probiotic , milk and urine of camels, black pills, milk thistle, ginseng, and colloidal silver.[3] Also Ozone was tried. But all proved to be ineffective.Alpha-interferon given every other day proved also to be ineffective because the preparation of alpha interferon was against HCV genotype I while that found in Egypt is genotype IV. So it is supplemented by ribavirin as an antiviral working against mRNA, but percentage of cure was limited and a high rate of recurrence occurred. Then treatment consists of a combination of pegylated interferon alpha and the antiviral drug ribavirin for a period of 24 or 48 weeks,appear to be effective with more than 70% cure but still there are a rate of recurrence[4] .Recently a new drug appeared and thought to have high rate of cure. The new Hepatitis C drug called Sofosbuvir. Sofosbuvir – commercial name Sovaldi – was approved in the United States in December 2013 and entered Egypt on 16 October 2014. Government took the chance to offer it to HCV cases because of thought of its magic role in elimination of HCV. But discovered it must be taken in combination either as dual treatment (Sovaldi + Ribavirin) or triple treatment (Sovaldi + alpha interferon + Ribavirin). So still the major problem which is high cost of treatment. Government tried to produce locally but failed to reduce the cost. Because the new drug still recent the fear of recurrence make it hard to judge the effectiveness of the new drug.

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Complication of burn infectionShintaro AsaiNagoya kyoritsu hospital, nagoya japan

Background and Aims: Although there are some cases complicated by toxic shock syndrome (TSS) from wound infections in extensive severe burns patients, they are rare case causing TSS in small range burn in adults. For the patients suffering from small burn injuries, an intensive care is not usually needed for the primary care, as they admit in the general ward on admission day. However in rare cases these patients’ condition could get worse while having a treatment in the general ward, and they can be forced to move to the ICU until the vital sign gets stable. In this time, it was examined the TSS complicated by small range burn patients in adults. I report these rare cases with some our considerations.

Methods: I have experienced 5 cases were complicated by TSS at some reason in inpatient treatment in burns to five years from January 2010 to December 2015, two cases are males and three cases are females, 24 years of age to 75 years (average 48.2 years). Of each case TBSA, PBI, sudden change time, outcome were examined .

Results: TBSA is 3-32 (average 11.2). PBI is 26-76 (average 53.8), sudden change timing injury 4th to 14th or postoperative 1st to 13th, outcome 1 cases in five cases have been died

Conclusions: Burn patients have low TBSA and PBI, there is a possibility that even easily getting worse. Particularly when complicated by infection, was easily considered caution because they may follow irreversible course when complicated by TSS. We suggest not to hesitate to move the patients to the ICU as soon and suggest that the teamwork and cooperation of the plastic surgery department and the ICU department are required.

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Structure -based discovery of potential small-molecule inhibitors targeting Zika virus NS3 helicaseSiyu Zhu1, Ziwei Huang1 and Robert Schooley2

1Tsinghua University, CHN2University of California, San Diego, USA

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito borne pathogen that has been rapidly a rapidly expanding epidemic across Central and South America since 2015. It belongs to flavivirus family and is closely related to Dengue virus and West Nile virus. ZIKV was first isolated in 1947 from a rhesus monkey around the Zika forest of Uganda. ZIKV has been realized as a major health risk, making it a compelling target for viral therapeutics. Its infection causes not only mild symptoms such as fever, headache, arthralgia and conjunctivitis, but frightening neural diseases including Guillain–Barré syndrome, congenital microcephaly, as well as macular atrophy. There’s an urgent need to discover and develop direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in view of the current lack of effective medicine for ZIKV. Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) helicase of ZIKV is considered to be essential for viral replication and have become an attractive target for the development of DAAs. Recent years, in silico virtual screening has been generally accepted as a rapid, efficient, economical approach with low time and labor cost for screening a large set of compounds. Here, an in-silico screening analysis of NCI diversity dataset with ZIKV NS3 protein targets has been carried out using a structure-based molecular docking approach. A total of 1974 compounds with structural simplicity and diversity have been docked. Top-ranked 5% of compounds with drug-like properties were selected for antiviral evaluation by cell-based ZIKV infection assays. Three hits were identified to specifically inhibit the viral infection with EC50 values at a micro-molar level. Different series of potential derivatives with expected better antiviral activities were presented based on similarity search and target-ligand binding modes. Overall, the discovery of these NS3-targeting compounds may serve as novel leads for further optimization and development of clinical ZIKV inhibitors.

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Antibiotic-impregnated central venous catheters for the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection in children: A meta-analysisVaneza Leah A. Espino, Melissa A. Dator, Maria Liza and Antoinette M. GonzalesUP-Philippine General Hospital, Philippines

Background: Use of central venous catheters (CVCs) ensure stable access in critically ill patients but is associated with increased infection rates. CVCs with antimicrobials has been recommended for infection reduction in adults. A review of antibiotic-impregnated CVCs’ usefulness in children is needed.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of antibiotic-impregnated CVCs in reducing infection in children

Search methods: Extensive search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google scholar was done for trials published until June 2016. Reference lists from retrieved journals were checked for relevant articles.

Selection criteria: RCTs evaluating antibiotic-impregnated compared with standard CVCs for reducing infection in children. Data collection and analysis: Two authors assessed trial quality and extracted data. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager with fixed or random effects model. Outcomes: bloodstream infection, hypersensitivity, thrombosis, mortality, site infection, length of ICU and hospital stay. Dichotomous data were presented as risk ratios (RR), continuous data as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main results: Two low quality trials (n=1773) were analyzed showing nonsignficant reduction of bloodstream infection in the antibiotic-impregnated group compared to standard catheters (RR 0.49; 95% CI 0.23-1.02,I2=0%) with no increased risk of thrombosis (RR 1.04 95% CI 0.84-1.28,I2=0%). No statistical difference was seen in the duration of ICU and hospital stay.

Conclusions: The use of antibiotic-impregnated CVCs cannot be recommended at this time. Decision of its use will depend on the clinical judgment after consideration of the costs and benefits. More RCTs are needed to reinforce the evidence.

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INDEX

Aiman El-Saed L 51

Aizhan S Turmagambetova 62

Ali Harb 54

Arnaud Avril 25

Azar Dokht Khoravi 59

Catherine Mullié 21

Eltai N Omer 58

Fernanda F Anibal 26

Festus A Olajubu 31

Gesesew Hailay 30

Hatem M. Marey 63

Huseyin Kayadibi 46

Ishwar Gilada 20

Jamal Tazi 39

Jamal Tazi 44

Janak Kishore 34

Jose Gaby Tshikuka 56

Lara Ricotta 49

Maha Gaafar 55

Naim Deniz Ayaz 28

NDE Godlove Tsi 43

Omar Nafi 29

Philip Norrie 36

Rabab A. Elwahsh 64

Ranjith Konduri 42

Samer M Al-Hulu 65

Sindew Mekasha Feleke L 50

Sudhanshu Abhishek 41

Sumedha Sharma 40

Tarek K Motawi 57

Tereza Jancuskova 27

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Upcoming Infectious Diseases Conferences

13th World Congress onInfection Prevention and Control

December 14-16, 2017 Rome, Italyinfectionprevention.conferenceseries.com

5th International congress onInfectious Diseases

March 1-2, 2018 Berlin, Germanyinfectioncongress.conferenceseries.com

International Conference onEmerging Infectious Diseases

August 31-September 01, 2018 Zurich, Switzerlandemerging-diseases.infectiousconferences.com

6th World Congress onControl and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs

October 29-30 Madrid, Spainstd.conferenceseries.com

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E-mail: [email protected]: infection.conferenceseries.com/europe

September 27-29, 2018 | Rome, Italy


Infectious Diseases

Documents

Euro-Global Conference on€¦ · Page 3 09:00-09:30 Registrations Day 1 September 7, 2017 Keynote Forum 10:00-10:05 Introduction 10:05-10:50 Global Control of HIV, HCV and Infectious