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JZUKIK Kvjbuj ijs Krts, ;5 E-;5;? Eruxj``jsYj`. +=5 5 5;3 9= ;= Dkx. +=5 5 5;3 9: 3=

lbdgOjurkik.gra www.jurkik.gra

Jurgpjkb Kssgmlktlgb gd Ijvj`gpnjbt KajbmljsKssgmlktlgb Jurgpjbbj ijs Kajbmjs ij Ivj`gppjnjbt

Ilrjmtgry gd "Bg-Bgbsjbsj" KmtlvltljsYg Eul i ]-nlbiji Ujalgbs

]mgplba Igmunjbt dgr Kagrkik 5?;;Elj`sfg Elkk (_@), ;1/;3 Bgvjnejr 5?;;

Dgrjwgri ................................................................................................................... ;

Lbtrgiumtlgb .............................................................................................................. =

Mckptjr ; ]nkrt spjmlk`lsktlgb mgbmjpt;.; Ycj tcjgry ...................................................................................................... 1;.5 Drgn tcjgry tg prkmtlmj ................................................................................... ;?;.= ] lb tcj irkdt mgcjslgb pg`lmy rjau`ktlgb dgr 5?;9-5?5? ........ ............................ ;:

Mckptjr 5 Mck``jbajs dgr rjalgbs5.; Ujalgbk` lbbgvktlgb jmgsystjn ........................................................................ ;15.5 Ngel`lslba rjalgbk` kssjts ................................................................................ 59

Mckptjr = Mck``jbajs dgr `gmk` kbi rjalgbk` kutcgrltljs=.; Ycj murrjbt mgbtrleutlgb gd `gmk` kbi rjalgbk` kutcgrltljs ................................... 51=.5 Uk``ylba rjalgbk` stkfjcg`ijrs .......................................................................... =5=.= ]pjmlk`lsktlgb kbi ilddjrjbtlktlgb ...................................................................... =9=.9 Euslbjss rjtjbtlgb smcjnjs ............................................................................. =1

Mckptjr 9 Mck``jbajs dgr ublvjrsltljs9.; Zblvjrsltljs' murrjbt mgbtrleutlgb tg rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt ................................. = ;??)(5??3)

Zbjnp`gynjbtks % (5?;?)

_krtlmlpktlgbsD_1 Mggpjrktlgb

(Kprl` 5?;?)

_krtlmlpktlgbsLbtjrrja LT,

Jurgpj Lbbgvk, UgF,_rgLbbg (nli-5?;?)

@lneura (EJ)@lneura (B@)F`b (IJ)Issj`igrd (IJ)@laj (EJ)

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Lbvjstlba lbk alvjblbiustry8pgtjbtlk

lbvjbtlgbs

Jbtjrprlsjs

_jgp j

Zblvjrsltljskbi

vgmktlgbk`trklblba

grakblsktlgbs

Lbdrkstrumturjs

Fbgw-cgwNgbjy

Mktkystgrakblsktlgbs

Bjtwgrfs

Lbtjrbktlgbkgppgrtubltljs

] = E@ZJ_ULBY

5.5 Ngel`lslba rjalgbk` kssjts

Ycj prgmjss `jkilba tg k rjalgbk` spjmlk`lsktlgb strktjay gevlgus`y bjjis tg tkfj tcj pktc8

- k rjalgbk` agvjrbkbmj kbk`ysls,- k stkfjcgìjr mjbsus,- kb lbvjbtgry gd rjsgurmjs,- k ]QGY kbk`ysls,- AG__,- dgrnu`ktlba tcj vlslgb kbi strktjay.

Ycls lbwkri pgtjbtlk` ckrbjsslba prgmjss ajbjrk``y rjqulrjs aglba tcrguac stkajslbmùilba8

kssjsslba tcj kssjts kbi pgtjbtlk` dgr jnjralba kmtlvltljs6 ijdlblba tcj vlslgb6 lijbtldylba strktjalm gehjmtlvjs jbke`lba vlslgb ij`lvjry6 ksslablba wkys kbi njkbs tg rjkmc tcjsj gehjmtlvjs6 lijbtldylba mckbajs bjjiji tg lnprgvj tcj rjalgbk` jmgsystjn6 lijbtldylba lbbgvktlgb krjks tg ej stlnu`ktji lb jmgbgnlm sjmtgrs kbi cunkb mkpltk`6 lnp`jnjbtlba k ngbltgrlba kbi jvkùktlgb systjn.

Yg cj`p rjalgbs lijbtldy tcjlr stkrtlba pglbt, l.j. tcjlr pgsltlgb prlgr tg lnp`jnjbtlba ksnkrt spjmlk`lsktlgb strktjay, tcj JZ Mgnnlsslgb cks ijvj`gpji k sj`d-jvkùktlgb tgg` kiirjsslbatcj djkturjs gd jddjmtlvj U&I+L systjn kt egtc bktlgbk` kbi rjalgbk` `jvj`. Ycls tgg` wkspue`lscji lb tcj igmunjbt jbtlt`ji JZ 5?5? D`kasclp Lbltlktlvj8 Lbbgvktlgb Zblgb ;< .

Yg ngbltgr strktjay lnp`jnjbtktlgb, lt nky ej usjdu` tg prjsjbt tcj mgbtrleutlgbs

jxpjmtji drgn kbi tksfs tg ej pjrdgrnji ey, lbilvliuk` fjy stkfjcgìjr lb tcj dgrn gd k ilkarkn sjj dgr lbstkbmj tcj ilkarkn ej gw.

]gurmj8 JZUKIK

;< Igm. M GN(:94) dlbk` iu 4.;?.5?;?

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YCJ JBYJU_UL]J _L_J@LBJ K]]J]]NJBY NKYULS

@ldj mym j

Bgdjbtjrprlsjs

Bkturj gd tcj pue lm suppgrt

B Yrjbis ]gdteuslbjsssuppgrt

Dlbkbmj Lbdrkstrumturj ]fl s ]gmlk` m kpltk` Nkrfjtlbtj lajbmjUjsjkrmc &lbbgvktlgb Bjtwgrflba

_rj-vjbturj

Jxlstjbmj /]tkrt-up

Jkry argwtc

Jxpkbslgb

Nkturlba

Lbtjrbktlgbkrj gmktlgb

Uj-jbalbjjrlbaprgmjss

Ijm lbj

_rj-dkl urj /M gsurj

Iurlba tcj ]QGY kbk`ysls, lt wgu`i ej usjdu` tg ijvj`gp k ikscegkri gd rjalgbk`

euslbjss typjs tckt usj pue`lm euslbjss suppgrt sjrvlmjs, wcjtcjr ajbjrk``y gd dgr spjmldlm

sjmtgrs (sjj tcj tke`j ej`gw). Ycls ikscegkri wks prjsjbtji kt vkrlgus sjnlbkrs wcgsjpkrtlmlpkbts k`` rjmgablsji tckt wcl`j tcjy ili bgt ckvj sumc k tgg`, ngst rjalgbk` euslbjssjsrjmjlvlba pue`lm dubilba dlt tgwkri jltcjr tcj tgp gr egttgn gd tcj tke`j l.j. tg tcjijtrlnjbt gd nkturj jbtrjprjbjurlk` argwtc mgnpkbljs wclmc krj bjvjrtcj`jss tcj irlvjrs gdrjalgbk` jmgbgnlm ijvj`gpnjbt.

]gurmj8 JZUKIK

Ks dgr tcj mckrt ej`gw, lt sjjfs tg njksurj rjalgbk` iybknlsn wcjb lt mgnjs tgijvj`gplba kbi utl`lslba fbgw`jiaj. Lt k`sg kiirjssjs tcj lssuj gd tcj `kpslba bkturj gd tcjrjalgbk` fbgw`jiaj stgmf kbi pgssle`y mkpkmlty. Qgrtc ubijrsmgrlba lb tcls rjspjmt ls tcktnumc `lfj tcj mkr lbiustry bjvjr jnjraji drgn kngba cgrsj-irkwb mkrrlkaj nkbudkmturjrs,trkiltlgbk` lbiustrlk` rjalgbs (j.a. @grrklbj, Nli`kbis, Uucr, Qk``gblk, jtm.) ckvj bgt ejmgnj

`jkijrs lb bjw nktjrlk`s bg ngrj tckb k ekbf ijvj`gpji gb`lbj pkynjbt systjn _kypk`!

Jquk``y wgrtc bgtlba ls tckt Ygygtk wcgsj quk`lty systjn cks ejjb numc stuiljikbi prklsji rjmjbt`y dkmji sjrlgus quk`lty lssujs `jkilba tg tcguskbis gd mkrs ejlbarjmk``ji dgr mcjmfs.

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Fbgw`jiaj Mym`j lb k Ujalgb

Jxlstlba

Mrjktlgb

MustgnlsktlgbJxp`gltktlgb

Kbmcgrlba

_jgp`j Yrkiltlgbs, fbgw cgw _ktjbts

Ujsjkrmc Jxpjrlnjbtktlgb @lvlba `kes Lnltktlgb Kikptktlgb

@lmjbslba Lbbgvktlvj prgiumts/sjrvlmjs ]tkrt ups M`ustjrs

_krtbjrsclp Fbgw`jiaj trkbsdjr Yk`jbt kttrkmtlgb Fbgw`jiaj tkfj up ey

jbtjrprlsjs

Ijprjmlktlgb

7

Dgrjslact Nkrfjt lbtj``lajbmj ]tkfjcg`ijr lbtjrkmtlgb

Uj`jvkbmj gd UIYL Gutsgurmlba Gddscgrlba Ij`gmktlgb

]gurmj8 JZUKIK

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Ycj ilnjbslgbs gd suppgrt dgr U&I+L;. Kpprgkmc tg U&I+L 5. Bkturj gd tcj suppgrtUjsjkrmc

Ijslab & _rgtgtyplba

Cunkb Mkpltk`

]tkrt ups

Bjw prgiumts/sjrvlmjs

Bjw euslbjss ngij`s

_ue`lm prgmurjnjbt

Nkrfjt rjp`lmktlgb

Kmtlvltljs

Jbtjrprlsjs

Nkrfjt

]jmtgrs

]mljbmj pkrfs

Lbmuektgrs &

bjtwgrfs

Lbdrkstrumturj

Jbtjrprlsj argwtc

Fbgw`jiaj (pjgp`j/tk`jbt)

Ujsjkrmc mjbtrjs

L_ prgtjmtlgb

Ygurlsn

LMY & j euslbjss

Jbke`lba tjmcbg`galjs

Nkbudkmturlba

Dlbkbmlk suppgrt

Bgb dlbkbmlk` suppgrt

Yrklblba

]fl``s

Yjmcbg`gay trkbsdjr

Njbtgrlba/mgkmclba

Mgbsu`tkbmy

Mckptjr = Mck``jbajs dgr @gmk` kbi Ujalgbk` Kutcgrltljs

=.; Ycj Murrjbt Mgbtrleutlgb gd @gmk` kbi Ujalgbk` Kutcgrltljs

@gmk` kbi rjalgbk` kutcgrltljs bkturk``y mgbtrleutj tg rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt tcrguac tcjlrarkbts kbi lbdrkstrumturj lbvjstnjbt.

Zbijr tcj lnpjtus gd Mgnnublty pg`lmljs, rjalgbk` kutcgrltljs ckvj ejjb `ji tg pkylbmrjkslba kttjbtlgb tg lbtkbale`j lbvjstnjbt (U&I+L, cunkb mkpltk`, jtm.) kbi dlbkbmlk`jbalbjjrlba ks jmgbgnlm ijvj`gpnjbt dkmtgrs.

Jxpjrlnjbts mgbiumtji ks pkrt gd k vkrljty gd Mgnnublty lbltlktlvjs ckvj scgwb tcjlnpgrtkbmj gd prgarknnjs jbke`lba rjalgbs tg strjbatcjb tcjlr ublqujbjss kbi gd uslba kblbtjarktji kpprgkmc k`tcguac lb rjk`lty, nkby kinlblstrktlvj mgbstrklbts clbijr jddjmtlvjprkmtlmk` lnp`jnjbtktlgb gd tcls flbi gd kpprgkmc.

K bunejr gd rjalgbs (T`kkbijrjb VE^, Bljijrstjrrjlmc VK^, ]mgt`kbi VZF^, Bkvkrrk VJ^)ckvj k`rjkiy `kubmcji strktjalm prgmjssjs tg dgmus tcjlr jddgrts gb k `lnltji bunejr gd sjmtgrprlgrltljs gr tcjlr lbbgvktlgb jmgsystjn.

Dgmuslba jddgrts gr ijvj`gplba lbtjarktji strktjaljs rjqulrjs k ijtkl`ji kbk`ysls gd tcjilddjrjbt pkrknjtjrs kbi `jvjrs kvkl`ke`j tg pue`lm kutcgrltljs wcjb lt mgnjs tg suppgrtlbarjalgbk` U&I+L kbi jbtrjprjbjurlk` kmtlvltljs.

Mckrtji ej`gw krj8 tcj dgur ilnjbslgbs gd kb U&I+L pg`lmy ajkrji tgwkri jbtrjprjbjursclp8 tcj bkturj gd pue`lm

suppgrt, tcj U&I+L kpprgkmc, lnp`jnjbtktlgb kbi ij`lvjry njmckblsns6 tcj dlbkbmlk` kbi bgb-dlbkbmlk` suppgrt sjrvlmj vk`uj mcklbs.

]gurmj8 JZUKIK

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_ZUMCK]J

Mk` tg purmcksj k prgiumt/sjrvlmj/jqulpnjbt _rgmurjnjbt dgr lbbgvktlgb (gutmgnj eksji mck``jbaj) _rj mgnnjrmlk` prgmurjnjbt Bjagtlktji pue`lm prgmurjnjbt

YKS CG@LIK\]

Dgr U&I+L Dgr trklblba Dgr lbvjstnjbt lbmùilba DIL Lb drjj zgbjs

Dgr prlvktj lbvjstgrs

LB CGZ]J ]JUTLMJ

Ujmrult pjgp`j tg prgvlij k sjrvlmj

LB FLBI ]Z__GUY

Mgnpjtltlgb/rjwkri ]gdt kbilba gddlmjs

LBILUJMY ]Z__GUY

Tltrlbj tjmcbg`galquj @lvlba `kes tg scgwmksj lbbgvktlvj prgiumts/sjrvlmjs Mgdlbkbmj lbvjstnjbt lb cunkb mkpltk` Zsj gd lbdrkstrumturj ks ijng/`kes dgr tcj tjstlba gd bjw

prgiumts/sjrvlmjs

ILUJMY DZBILBA

Mk` tg prgvlij arkbts8 ;??%, :?%, 5:% Ujpkyke`j kivkbmj Tgumcjrs _rggd gd mgbmjpt

IJTJ@G_JU]

Eulì kbi rjbt (jstktj sumc ks lbmuektgrs, lbiustry pkrf, smljbmj pkrf, )

Eulì kbi mckraj (utl`ltljs, bjtwgrfs,) _kmfkaj gd suppgrt tg kttrkmt kb lbvjstgr (drjj zgbj, rgkis tg k

p`kbt,)

GZY]GZUMLBA

Mrjktj k dubi (aukrkbtjj, sjji, TM, nlmrg mrjilt, `gkbs, njzzkblbj, euslbjss kbaj`s slij mkr dubi)

Mrjktj kb lbtjrnjilkry grakblsktlgb tg prgvlij sjrvlmjs (UIK, ULK, DILK, Yjmcbg`gay mjbtrj, lbstltutj)

]uppgrt k strumturj tg mckbj` suppgrt (p`j ij mgnptltltlvlt, mùstjr, EKB )

_ue`lm prlvktj pkrtbjrsclp Mgbmjsslgb

9. Lnp`jnjbtlba njmckblsn

Ilrjmt Lbilrjmt Arkbts @gkbs Ujlneurske`j kivkbmj Jqulty Mgkmclba Yjmcbg`gay trkbsdjr _rggd gd mgbmjpt Lbtjrbktlgbk`lsktlgb Nkrfjt rjp`lmktlgb Kuilts

Mùstjr Lbdrkstrumturjs

Lbmuektgr]mljbmj pkrfsUjsjkrmc mjbtrjYjmcbg`ga y mjbtrj

Ijngbstrktlgb mjbtrj _rj mgnnjrmlk` prgmurjnjbt

=. Ij`lvjry njmckblsn

BE8 vgumcjrs, tkx cg`likys & gpjb lbbgvktlgb

]gurmj8 JZUKIK

]gurmj8 JZUKIK

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Ycjsj vkùj mcklbs wl`` bjji tg ej put lbtg pjrspjmtlvj wltc rjalgbk` strktjayprlgrltljs. K pjrdjmt l`ùstrktlgb gd tcls ls prgvliji ey tcj mckrts ej`gw 5? prjsjbtlba tcj

NGIJUBK ]trktjay ij`lvjrji lb tcj rjalgb gd Bkvkrrk (J) slbmj 5??< kbi tcj kmtlvltljs gdtcj jmg-mgbstrumtlgb mùstjr lb Bljijrstjrrjlmc (K). Ycjsj jxknp`js scgw tckt rjalgbs(sumc ks Bkvkrrk) mgbslijrji tg ej trkl`lba ey tcj JUID mkb m`kln tg spjmlk`lsj lb prgnlslbaquk`lty-gd-`ldj sjmtgrs wcl`j ijvj`gpji rjalgbs (j.a. Bljijrstjrrjlmc) mkb ijvj`gp bjwmgnpjtjbmjs lb trkiltlgbk` sjmtgrs (mgbstrumtlgb).

]gurmj8 Ujalgb Bkvkrrk (J)

5? Md. _rjsjbtktlgb gd tcj Bkvkrrk UIK lb tcj ] sjnlbkr grakblsji ey JZUKIK gb ;?/;;.=.5?;;

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Arjjb eulìlba mùstjr kmtlvltljs(@gwjr Kustrlk mùstjr)

Ujsjkrmc8 mgnpjtjbmj mjbtrj duturj eulìlba

Lbltlktlgb gd sjmtgr sgùtlgbs, j.a. zjrg jbjray supjrnkrfjts

Lbbgvktlgb tcrguac mg``kegrktlgb8 hglbt prgiumt ijvj`gpnjbt/eliilba mgbsgrtlk

Jbckbmjnjbt gd prgdjsslgbk` sfl``s (j.a. 2 =?? mjrtldlji jxpjrts)

Lbdùjbmj drknjwgrf mgbiltlgbs (eulìlba jals`ktlgb, suesliljs)

@lbf stkfjcgìjrs euslbjss & smljbmj & pg`lmy nkfjrs

]gurmj8 jmgpùs (K)

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_ue`lm

kutcgrltljs kbi tcjlr kajbmljs

Lbvjstgrs

Mlvl sgmljty Jbtjrprlsjs

Kmtgrs gd fbgw`jiaj

Lbtjrbktlgbk` jxpjrts

]gurmj8 JZUKIK

Ujalgbk` Ijvj`gpnjbt Kajbmy Ujalgbk` Lbbgvktlgb Kajbmy Mlty Ujalgb Ujalgbk` Jbjray/Jbvlrgbnjbt Kajbmy _ue`lm lbvjstnjbt dubis Lbiustrlk` pkrfs Lbmuektgrs Ujalgbk` Jnp`gynjbt Kajbmy

Kssgmlktlgbs [uk`ldlji pjgp`j Yrkij ublgbs _g`ltlmk pkrtljs Ujalgbk` ekbfs Mjbtrjs dgr pue`lm wj`dkrj

]mcgg`s Zblvjrsltljs Ujsjkrmc mjbtrjs Yjmcbg`gay mjbtrjs Yjmcbg`gay pkrfs

YYGs & L_U mjbtrjs Fbgw`jiaj trkbsdjr Mjbtrj dgr prgdjsslgbk` jiumktlgb Gesjrvktgry gd prgdjsslgbk`

quk`ldlmktlgbs _rggd gd mgbmjpt kivlsgrs Mgbsu`tkbts @lvlba kes Mùstjr nkbkajrs

_jjr rjvljwjr _rgspjmtlvj Ejbmcnkrf Ujalgbk` gddlmjs kergki Jxpkts DIL mgbsu`tkbts

Ekbfs Euslbjss Kbaj`s Tjbturj mkpltk`lsts ]jji dubi ]jrlk` jbtrjprjbjurs Mrgwi dubilba Nlmrg mrjilt ]plb gdd dubi Mgrpgrktj vjbturlba Aukrkbtjjs Jxpgrt mrjilt Lbvjstnjbt rjkilbjss mgbsu`tkbts Ujk` jstktj ijvj`gpjrs

]tkrt ups Nu`tlbktlgbk`s Jbtrjprjbjurlk` argwtc mgnpkbljs (akzj``js) Bjw`y ijvj`gpji mgnpkbljs ]plb guts kbi splb gdds gd kraj euslbjssjs,

rjsjkrmc mjbtrjs kbi ublvjrsltljs @gmk``yrggtji mgnpkbljs (nlmrg euslbjssjs

kbi mrkdt mgnpkbljs) Lbbgvktlvj euslbjssjs kbi mgnpkbljs

`jvjrkalba UYI gutmgnjs Mgnpkbljs lb tcj prgmjss gd ejlba trkbsdjrrji ]uemgbtrkmtgrs Mgnpkbljs kt rlsf gd ekbfruptmy gr jbakaji lb

k rjstrumturlba prgmjss _cgjblx jbtjrprlsjs ]gmlk jbtjrprlsjs Jbtjrprlsjs jbakaji lb k rj`gmktlgb kbi/gr

gutsgurmlba prgmjss

Agvjrbkbmj dgr ] =

=.5 Uk``ylba rjalgbk` stkfjcgìjrs

Ckrbjsslba tcj rjalgbk` cunkb, lbtj``jmtuk`, jbtrjprjbjurlk`, sgmlk`, pcyslmk` kbidlbkbmlk` mkpltk` rjqulrjs lbmùslvj agvjrbkbmj, l.j. agvjrbkbmj tckt rk``ljs k`` fjy rjalgbk`stkfjcgìjrs. Ycjrjdgrj, tcj trlp`j cj`lx mgbmjpt tcj usuk` rjdjrjbmj lb tcls dljì bjjisjxpkbilba tg ijdlbj k smljbmj kbi tjmcbg`gay strktjay.

Lbijji, ks njbtlgbji kegvj, lbbgvktlgb bgt gb`y rjsts gb tjmcbg`gay eut k`sg mgvjrs kargwlba bunejr gd kmtlvltljs lbmùilba sjrvlmjs, ijslab, euslbjss ngij`s, systjns, `ldjsty`j,kiirjsslba sgmljty mck``jbajs, jtm.

Ujalgbs wl`` bjji tg lnp`jnjbt systjns tckt krj tubji tg tcj tcrjj ilddjrjbt typjs gdlbbgvktlgb8

lbbgvktlgb rjsu`tlba drgn tjmcbg`galmk` rjsjkrmc, lbbgvktlgb rjsu`tlba drgn tcj ijvj`gpnjbt gd k sgùtlgb tg k euslbjss gr nkrfjt lssuj

(lnprgvjnjbt tg kb jxlstlba prgiumt/sjrvlmj gr rjkmtlgb tg m`ljbt ijnkbi), lbbgvktlgb lb rjspgbsj tg k sgmljty mck``jbaj.

Lb tcj dlrst mksj, tcj rjqulrjnjbt ls tg lbhjmt dubis tg prgngtj fbgw`jiajijvj`gpnjbt kbi utl`lsktlgb6 lb tcj sjmgbi, lt ls mgnelblba suppgrt dgr euslbjss lbbgvktlgbnkbkajnjbt systjns wltc lbvjstnjbt suesliljs6 dlbk``y, lb tcj tclri mksj, lt ls ijdlblbajxpjmtji gutmgnjs kbi lijbtldylba sultke`j pkrtbjrsclps, l.j. gbjs tckt mkb mgbtrleutj gbjgr ngrj sgùtlgbs tg lijbtldlji lssujs.

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Cgw wks NGIJUBK mrjktji 7Mltlzjb pkr tlmlpktl gb kbi Lbstltutlgb k mgbsjb suswjrj fjy tg tcj prjpkrktlg b kbi ijvj`gpnjbt g dNGIJUBK

Ng rj tckb :??? pjgp`j ckvj cj `pji mrjktj NG IJUBK-Ngrj tckb ;?? ??? vlsltgrs tg tcj wjesltj-== lbtjr vljws lb tcj Z]K kbi JZ tg ilsmgvjr ngrj kegutgtcjr ngij`s ( 9 rjalgbs k bi ; mgubtry)

Lb tckt mgbtjxt, lt ls usjdu` tg ek`kbmj rjalgbk` stkfjcgìjr jxpjmtktlgbs wltc jnjralba

jxtrk-rjalgbk` trjbis. Lb tcj a`gek` jmgbgny, mgnpkrlba strktjalm jxpjmtktlgbs kbi mcglmjs

wltclb k m`gsji drknjwgrf ls bg `gbajr lnkalbke`j. Jquk``y, rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt mkbbgt ej`lnltji tg mgbslijrlba kspjmts gd tcj drjj nkrfjt jmgbgny kbyngrj8 lt k`sg bjjis tg lbmùijsmcjnjs tg prgngtj mgbslijrktlgb gd tcj nkhgr sgmljty mck``jbajs lijbtldlji lb tcj JZ 5?5?]trktjay.

Ycjrj ls k bjji tg strlfj k ek`kbmj ejtwjjb bjjis krlslba drgn a`gek` mgnpjtltlgb kbirjalgbk` jxpjmtktlgbs wcjb lt mgnjs tg tcj sgmlk` rjspgbslel`lty gd k`` stkfjcgìjrs gd k``snkrt spjmlk`lsktlgb strktjaljs.

Ycj prgmjss lnp`jnjbtji ey tcj Bkvkrrk rjalgb tg ijdlbj tcj mgbtjbts gd ltsNGIJUBK strktjay ls k aggi jxknp`j gd agvjrbkbmj. Ycls prgmjss ls ijsmrleji ej`gw.

]gurmj8 Ujalgb Bkvkrrk (J)

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=9.

=.= ]pjmlk`lsktlgb kbi ilddjrjbtlktlgb

Lb Jurgpj, tcjrj krj rguac`y 5 5?? m`ustjrs, 9?? rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt kajbmljs,:?? lbmuektgrs, 5 ??? mcknejrs gd mgnnjrmj, 3:? ublvjrsltljs kbi 5?? tjmcbg`galmk` pkrfs.Ycj fjy mck``jbaj dgr k rjalgbk` snkrt spjmlk`lsktlgb strktjay wl`` mgbslst lb ajttlba tcjsjgpjrktgrs tg k`` prgvlij spjmldlm mgnpjtltlvj kivkbtkajs lbstjki gd mgpy-pkstlba wckt lsigbj j`sjwcjrj.

Ycjsj ikys, ngst rjalgbs ej`ljvj tcjy ckvj ijvj`gpnjbt pgtjbtlk` lb gb`y k `lnltjibunejr gd sjmtgrs8 LMY, elgtjmcbg`gay, bkbgtjmcbg`gay, kjrgspkmj kbi k`tjrbktlvj jbjraysgurmjs. Cgwjvjr, ngst gd tcjn mkb gb`y ajbjrktj ajbulbj jiaj ld tcjy ijvj`gp blmcjpg`lmljs eksji jltcjr gb ublquj blmcjs gr gb nklbstrjknlba bjw tjmcbg`gay lbtg trkiltlgbk`lbiustrljs. Ycj mgbtrleutlgb gd ajbjrlm tjmcbg`gay tg spjmlk`lsktlgb strktjaljs ijsjrvjs

spjmldlm kttjbtlgb kbi wkrrkbts ijvj`gplba clac`y spjmlk`lsji jmgbgnlm dgrjmkstlba kbilbtj``lajbmj tgg`s.

Lb tcls mgbtjxt, lt ls lnpgrtkbt tg dkmtgr lb nli-tjrn trjbis lb k djw ajbjrlm fjytjmcbg`galjs lbm`uilba rgegtlms, elgtjmcbg`gay, bjw nktjrlk`s, krtldlmlk` lbtj``lajbmj,kjrgspkmj, jbjray kbi LMY.

Nlmcj`` Xkppk kttjnptji tg dgrjmkst ijvj`gpnjbts lb tcjsj tjmcbg`galjs. Ycj rjsu`tlbaarkpc ls prjsjbtji ej`gw (dgr ngrj ijtkl`ji gr jksljr mgbsu`tktlgb, vlsltwww.nlmcj``zkppk.mgn).

Mgrrj`ktlba jxlstlba rjalgbk` kssjts wltc lijbtldlji trjbis nky cj`p rjalgbs jltcjrstrjbatcjb blmcj lbvjstnjbt gr lijbtldy jnjralba spjmlk`lsktlgb krjks ijsjrvlba suppgrt.

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Ujalgbk` kutcgrltljs tckt mkbbgt mgbiumt ijtkl`ji rjalgbk` dgrjmkstlba kbi lbtj``lajbmjjxjrmlsjs nky ijvj`gp k qulmf strjss tjst tg ksmjrtklb tcj sturilbjss gd tcjlr sgmlk` kbijmgbgnlm dkerlm lb tcj dkmj gd a`gek` mgnpjtltlgb. Ywg lbtjrprjtlba ngij`s krj kt tcjlrilspgsk` tg ig sg. Ycj dlrst rjsts gb tcj bkturj gd rjalgbk` jxpgsurj tg a`gek`mgnpjtltlvjbjss dkmtgrs (sjj arkpc ; ej`gw)6 tcj sjmgbi kiirjssjs tcj p`kmj gd strktjalmrjalgbk` euslbjssjs lb tcj mgnpjtltlvjbjss skbiwlmc tcjgry (sjj arkpc 5 ej`gw), wclmcpgslts tckt nkss prgiumtlgb mgnpkbljs tckt `kmf k ilstlbmt (quk`lty Vmgnpjtltgrs gpjrktlba gbblmcj nkrfjts^ gr mgst V`gw-mgst mgnpjtltgrs^) jiaj `gsj tcjlr mgnpjtltlvj pgsltlgb kbicjbmj tcjlr prgdlts kbi krj u`tlnktj`y dgrmji tg `ky gdd. Lb k`` `lfj`lcggi, tcls tcjgry kpp`ljstg tcj mgnpjtltlvj pgsltlgb gd rjalgbs tgg.

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=4.

Ujalgbk` jxpgsurj tg wgr`i mgnpjtltlgbDlvj argups gd lbiustrljs wltc spjmldlm mgnpjtltlvj lssujs

LBBGTKYLGB @JKIJU]

EUKBIJI LBIZ]YULJ]

MGBYLBJBYK@ LBIZ]YULJ]

ZB]YKE@J LBIZ]YULJ]

CLAC@\JS_G]JI LBIZ]YULJ]

]gurmj8 NmFlbsjy Mgnpjtlba tcrguac mgsts

Lbiustrljs lb wclmc mgnpjtltlgb ls ngst`y prlmj irlvjb ]trumturk` ilskivkbtkajs gd Drkbmj Mgnpjtlba M`gsjbjss tg nkrfjt ls bg `gbajr k nust, kt `jkst wcjb lt mgnjs tcrguac mgsts tg prgiumtlgb

Muttlba jiaj tjmcbg`gay lbiustrljs U&I8 `gba mym`js kbi cjkvy euiajts Mgnpjtlba tcrguac prgiumt lbbgvktlgb kbi lbtj``jmtuk` prgpjrty

Lbiustrljs lb wclmc tcj erkbi ls fjy kbi suppgrtji ey lbbgvktlgb lb prgiumt kjstcjtlms kbi ijslab

_rgxlnlty tg fjy nkrfjts lb grijr tg ubijrstkbi kbi sjt trjbis

Lbiustrljs lb wclmc prgiumtlgb nust ej m`gsj tg nkrfjt (iuj tg prgcleltlvj trkbspgrt mgsts gr clac ijarjj gd `galstlmk mgnp`lmktlgb)

Mgnpjtlba ngst`y gb mgst (lbbgvktlgb nky jxlst dgr prgiumtlgb tjmcbg`gay)

Lbiustrljs dkmlba egtc quk`lty kbi prlmj mgnpjtltlgb lb prgiumt lbbgvktlgb Tkrlke`j eut ijm`lblba bjji dgr m`gsj nkrfjts (U&I kbi prgiumt) kngba lbiustrljs

Mgnpjtlba tcrguac lbbgvktlgb

Jbtjrprlsj Mgnpjtltlvjbjss "]kbiwlmc" Ycjgry

Blmcj lKpp j _juajgt =??3 Iysgb Bjsprjssg

Nkss Ij``KmjrBgflk

Njrmjijs

@gw Mgst Ikmlk Jksy Hjt Uykbklr XYJ

]gurmj8 JZUKIK

Arkpc ; Ujalgbk` jxpgsurj tg wgr`i mgnpjtltlgb

Arkpc 5 Jbtjrprlsj Mgnpjtltlvjbjss "]kbiwlmc" Ycjgry

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=1.

=.9 Euslbjss Ujtjbtlgb ]mcjnjs

Ujalgbk` kutcgrltljs scguì ijvj`gp smcjnjs tg rjau`kr`y mgbsu`t wltc strktjalmrjalgbk` euslbjssjs. Lb iglba sg, tcjy scguì kpp`y tcj euslbjss prlbmlp`j gd fjy kmmgubts.Ycj nlx gd euslbjssjs mgbslijrji tg ej gd strktjalm lnpgrtkbmj scguì lbmùijjbtrjprjbjurlk` argwtc mgnpkbljs ks wj`` ks `kraj mgnpkbljs.

Euslbjss rjtjbtlgb smcjnjs scguì sjjf tg ksmjrtklb wcjtcjr suppgrt sjrvlmjs gd k``flbis krj stl`` kttubji tg euslbjss bjjis. Ckvlba dgrjlab ilrjmt lbvjstgrs (DILs) ks pkrtbjrsgd sumc smcjnjs jbke`js tcjn tg vjrldy tcj mgbtlbuji rj`jvkbmj gd tcj rjalgbk` mgnpjtltlvjkivkbtkajs gddjrji tg dgrjlab ilrjmt lbvjstgrs kt tcj tlnj gd tcjlr lbltlk` lbvjstnjbt.

Euslbjss rjtjbtlgb smcjnjs nky k`sg prgvlij tcj eksls dgr ]uppgrt tcj Qlbbjrs

rktcjr tckb _lmflba tcj Qlbbjrs smcjnjs. Lbijji, ks pkrt gd lnp`jnjbtlba ], pue`lmkutcgrltljs scguì jbsurj tckt suppgrtji euslbjssjs ckvj tcj mkpkmlty kbi jxpjrljbmjbjjiji tg ij`lvjr tcgsj pkrts gd tcj strktjay dgr wclmc suppgrt wks grlalbk``y ijslabji. Lbtcj mksj gd bjw`y-jstke`lscji euslbjssjs, sultke`j kivlmj kbi trklblba scguì ej prgvliji.

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9?.

Mgnp`jxltygd tcjkmtlvlty

clac

`gw

trkbskmtlgbk` trkbsdgrnktlgbk`Lbtjrvjbtlgb

typjYjkmclba&

`jkrblbaUjsjkrmc &lbbgvktlgb

]gmlk` nlsslgb &jbakajnjbt

Njmckblsns dgr ublvjrsltljs tg pkrtlmlpktj lbtcj lbbgvktlgb/snkrt spjmlk`lsktlgb prgmjss

Mgbsu`tkbmy sjrvlmjs

Kmkijnlm rjsjkrmc

Yjmcbg`gay trkbsdjr

Lbtjrbktlgbk` lbfs kbi lbvjstnjbt

_cyslmk rjajbjrktlgb kbi mkpltk prghjmts

Arkiuktj jbtjrprlsjs

]tuijbt vg`ubtjjrlba & mgnnublty wgrf

Yjkmclba

_ue`lm jmturjs

Yk`jbt kttrkmtlgb

]tlnu`ktlba lbbgvktlgbCj`plba euslbjssjs

krtlmu`ktj ijnkbi

Qgrfdgrmj ijvj`gpnjbt

Nusjuns & ak``jrljs

Cunkb mkpltk ijvj`gpnjbt

Yk`jbt rjtjbtlgb

Dlbk``y, k`sg wgrtc njbtlgblba ls tckt rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt cks ejmgnj tcj suehjmt gd

ublvjrslty rjsjkrmc jddgrts. Lt ls tcjrjdgrj usjdu` tg try tg ksmjrtklb wcjtcjr tcj gutmgnjs gd

tcls wgrf krj rj`jvkbt dgr prkmtltlgbjrs lb rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt.

Ycj ilvjrslty gd kmkijnlm lbtjrvjbtlgbs lb rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt kbi tcjlr lbtjbslty lbkiiji vk`uj tjrns ckvj egtc ejjb prjsjbtji lb arkpclm tjrns ey _rgd. Hgcb Agiikri 55 gdBjwmkst`j Zblvjrslty (sjj ej`gw). Cls arkpc ls mgnp`jtji ey rjprjsjbtktlgbs gd tcj tcrjjrg`js ublvjrsltljs krj jxpjmtji tg p`ky tcjsj ikys. Egtc arkpcs nky ksslst rjalgbk`kutcgrltljs lb kbk`yslba lb ijtkl` tcj strjbatcs kbi wjkfbjssjs gd tcj mgbtrleutlgb gdrjalgbk` ublvjrsltljs. Ujalgbk` kutcgrltljs lb rjalgbs wltcgut ublvjrsltljs wl`` bjji tg slablbbgvktlvj mggpjrktlgb karjjnjbts wltc ublvjrsltljs lb gtcjr rjalgbs sg ks tg gddjr k ekslmrkbaj gd quk`lty sjrvlmjs.

]gurmj8 _rgd. Hgcb Agiikri

55 Md. "Ycj Ug`j gd Zblvjrsltljs lb Ujalgbk` Lbbgvktlgb" & JZ-Irlvjrs tcjnktlm pkpjr "Zslba tcj Jmgbgnlm Mrlslsks kb Gppgrtublty dgr Jbakalba Zblvjrsltljs lb Ujalgbk` Ijvj`gpnjbt"

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9;.

9.;.; Jbtrjprjbjursclp

_rgngtlba Jbtrjprjbjursclp

Ycls mkb ej kmcljvji lb twg ilddjrjbt yjt mgnp`jnjbtkry wkys, l.j.8 Lbtjarktlba euslbjss ijvj`gpnjbt kbi nkbkajnjbt mgursjs lb tcj murrlmuùn gd ilddjrjbt

mktjagrljs gd mg``jajs kbi ublvjrsltljs lbmùilba smljbmj kbi tjmcbg`gay ijpkrtnjbts6 _rgvlilba jbtrjprjbjursclp trklblba.

Bgtke`j jxknp`js gd kmtlgb tkfjb ey ublvjrsltljs lbmùij8

Euslbjss p`kb mgnpjtltlgbs6 Ykrajtji trklblba smcjnjs6 ]pjmldlm sjnlbkrs6 Nu`tlilsmlp`lbkry wgrfscgps klnji kt sg`vlba rjk` prge`jns gd `gmk` jbtjrprlsjs6 Jbtjrprlsj mrjktlgb jxpjrljbmjs iurlba smcgg` cg`likys.

_rgngtlba tcls kmtlvlty ey ublvjrsltljs rjqulrjs mgbslijrktlgb gd ilddjrjbt tkrajt kuiljbmjsegtc wltclb kbi gutslij ublvjrsltljs tcjnsj`vjs ks wj`` ks gd tcj typjs gd mgnpkbljs lb bjjigd suppgrt (clac-tjmc euslbjssjs, trkiltlgbk` mgnpkbljs wltc k pgtjbtlk` dgr lbbgvktlgb, jtm.).

Ld ngst gd jxpjrts ej`ljvj tckt "jbtrjprjbjurs wjrj egrb jbtrjprjbjurs", tcjrj ls k bjjitg tjkmc jbtrjprjbjurs cgw tg ejmgnj aggi nkbkajrs kbi sg tg prgvlij tcjn wltc sgubi

eksjs sg tckt tcjlr jbtjrprlsjs krj ke`j tg argw kbi ijvj`gp.

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Euslbjss Ijvj`gpnjbt

]gnj ublvjrsltljs prgvlij ilrjmt spjmlk`lst suppgrt tg stuijbts kbi tjkmcjrs wcg krj lbtcj prgmjss gd sjttlba up tcjlr gwb euslbjssjs. ]umc ksslstkbmj nky tkfj gbj gr ngrj gdtcj dg``gwlba dgrnkts8

Dlbkbmlk` suppgrt8 `gkbs, jqulty lbvjstnjbt6 Yjmcblmk` ksslstkbmj8 kivlmj, tutgrlba, prgvlslgb gd lbdrkstrumturj, jtm. ]uppgrt tg gr vk`grlsktlgb gd lbtj``jmtuk` prgpjrty rlact6 Lbmuektlgb6 Tk`liktlgb gd jbtrjprjbjurlk` prghjmt (prggd gd mgbmjpt, splb-gdd suppgrt dubi).

Yg tcls jbi, mjrtklb ublvjrsltljs nkbkaj sjji mkpltk` dubis gd vkrylba slzj gr arkbtrjpkyke`j kivkbmjs tg stuijbts/rjsjkrmcjrs wltc k euslbjss prghjmt.

]uppgrtlba Ujalgbk` ]NJ tg Argwtc Zblvjrsltljs krj ke`j tg suppgrt tcj argwtc gd jxlstlba rjalgbk` euslbjssjs, nklb`y drgn

kmtlvltljs lbmùilba8 Mgbsu`tlba gr mgbtrkmtuk` U&I kmtlvltljs6 _rgvlslgb gd quk`ldlji stkdd dgr fbgw-cgw kbi tjmcbg`gay trkbsdjr (tjkmcjrs,rjsjkrmcjrs gr stuijbts)6

Kmmjss tg `kegrktgrljs6 _gpu`krlsktlgb gd fbgw`jiaj, egtc lb tjmcbg`gay kbi nkbkajnjbt.

Ujalgbk` lbtjrnjilkry egiljs ckvj kb lnpgrtkbt rg`j tg p`ky lb grijr tg nkxlnlzj tcj usjgd ublvjrslty jxpjrtlsj ey ]NJs. Ycjy mkb lbijji8

k) trkbs`ktj tcj ]NJ bjjis lbtg tcj `kbaukaj ubijrstggi ey kmkijnlms kbi rjsjkrmcjrskbi wrltj typlmk` mggpjrktlgb mgbtrkmts,e) ubijrtkfj k sjanjbtktlgb gd tcj rjalgbk` ]NJ dkerlm vls--vls tcjlr pgtjbtlk` lbtjrjst lb

pkrtbjrlba wltc ublvjrsltljs6 tcls sjanjbtktlgb nlact ej tcj dg``gwlba 8 clac tjmc]NJs, pgtjbtlk` lbbgvktlvj ]NJs, m`ksslm ]NJs gr jbtjrprlsjs wltc gr wltcgut dgubijrsckvlba stuilji lb clac smcgg`s. Kb kpprgprlktj kpprgkmc scguì ej ijslabji dgr jkmcsjanjbt.

m) ]tlnu`ktj tcj mùstjrlba gd ]NJs rjqulrlba ksslstkbmj drgn ublvjrsltljs gr rjsjkrmcmjbtrjs. Argups gd ]NJs krj ngrj mgndgrtke`j tg pkrtbjr wltc ublvjrsltljs tckb kb]NJ k`gbj.

9.;.5 Fbgw`jiaj Jxp`gltktlgb Mgnnjrmlk`lsktlgb gd Ujsjkrmc _rghjmt Ujsu`ts

Lb tcjgry, tcjrj krj ilddjrjbt wkys gd mgnnjrmlk`lslba rjsjkrmc prghjmt rjsu`ts8 @lmjbslba bjw tjmcbg`gay pktjbts6 Yrkbsdjrrlba tjmcbg`gay6 Ijvj`gplba euslbjssjs.

Yjmcbg`gay kbi Fbgw-Cgw Yrkbsdjr

Yrkbsdjrrlba tjmcbg`gay ls k mgnp`jx prgmjss rj`ylba gb dkmtgrs tckt krj egtc lbtjrbk` kbi

jxtjrbk` tg ublvjrsltljs. Fbgw`jiaj trkbsdjrs drgn ublvjrsltljs tg jbtjrprlsjs mkb ngrj jksl`yej kmcljvji tcrguac stkdd p`kmjnjbt gr ey k ejttjr kmmjss tg jxpjrts.

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9=.

Kmmgrilba tg I. _k`nlbtjrk 5=, lbtjrbk` dkmtgrs nklb`y lbmùij `jkijrsclp, lbmjbtlvjs kbirjmgabltlgb, tcj clstgry kbi quk`lty gd rj`ktlgbs ejtwjjb euslbjssjs kbi ublvjrsltljs ks wj``ks tcj jxlstjbmj gd kb jbtrjprjbjurlk` mu`turj. Ks dgr jxtjrbk` dkmtgrs, tcjy bgtke`y rj`ktj tgtcj prjsjbmj gd euslbjss kbaj`s kbi sjji mkpltk` dubis, tcj kvkl`kel`lty gd lbmuektgrs kbi`kegrktgrljs, mgbsu`tkbmljs kbi nkbkajrs kbi tcj iybknlsn gd bjtwgrfs.

Zblvjrsltljs gdtjb dkmj tcj dg``gwlba il`jnnks8 Zslba ublvjrslty rjsgurmjs dgr mgnnjrmlk` purpgsjs6 Ycj mgbd`lmt ejtwjjb tcjlr iuty tg pue`lsc kbi pue`lmlsj rjsjkrmc gutmgnjs kbi

mgnnjrmlk` euslbjssjs rjqulrjnjbt dgr mgbdlijbtlk`lty.

]gnj ublvjrsltljs ckvj bjvjrtcj`jss nkbkaji tg strlfj tcj rlact ek`kbmj ejtwjjbkmkijnlm jxmj``jbmj kbi tcj pursult gd mgnnjrmlk` gehjmtlvjs wltc tcj gutmgnjs gd rjsjkrmcprghjmts.

Dgstjrlba stuijbt mrjktlvlty

Zblvjrslty trklblba systjns bjji tg jnerkmj tcj rjlbdgrmjnjbt gd stuijbts mrjktlvjpgtjbtlk` sg ks tg lnprgvj tcjlr jnp`gykel`lty wltc lbbgvktlvj euslbjssjs. Ycls lsubiguetji`y prjdjrke`j tg tcj gptlgb gd spjmlk`lslba jiumktlgbk` systjns kmmgrilba tglbilvliuk` sjmtgr strktjaljs.

9.;.= Nkbkalba @gmk` Lbdrkstrumturj

[uk`lty `gmk` lbdrkstrumturjs krj gd mgursj jssjbtlk` tg ijvj`gp k rjalgbk` jmgbgnyeksji gb fbgw`jiaj kbi tjmcbg`gay. ]gnj rjalgbs ckvj usji JUID dubis tg eulìlbmuektgrs kbi smljbmj pkrfs wclmc ckvj cj`pji tcj trkbsdgrnktlgb gd tcjlr lbiustrlk`dkerlms. Ycj ]trumturk` Dubis ckvj ejjb usji tg eulì sjmtgrlk` rjsjkrmc mjbtrjs lb krjkssumc ks elgtjmcbg`galjs, kjrgspkmj lbiustry gr LMYs ey mgnelblba lbvjstnjbt lb eulìlbas,jqulpnjbts sckrji ejtwjjb ublvjrsltljs kbi jbtjrprlsjs, kbi cunkb mkpltk`. Ycjsj mjbtrjsckvj bgw kmmjss tg tcj rjsjkrmc drknjwgrf prgarknnj gd tcj Jurgpjkb Zblgb.

_rj-Lbmuektlgb

Zblvjrsltljs mkb p`ky k ijmlslvj rg`j lb tcj prj-lbmuektlgb prgmjss lb tckt tcjy ckvj egtctcj lbdrkstrumturj mkpkmlty kbi tcj cunkb rjsgurmjs jbtrjprjbjurs bjji tg ij`lvjrtjmcbg`galmk` ijvj`gpnjbt kbi tg getklb euslbjss ijvj`gpnjbt kivlsgry sjrvlmjs.

Lbmuektgrs

Zblvjrsltljs mkb nkbkaj lbmuektgrs. Ycj `kttjr p`ky k irlvlba rg`j lb splbblba gdd stkrt-upsdrgn ublvjrslty fbgw`jiaj. Lb grijr tg nkxlnlsj tcj rjalgbk` lnpkmt gd ublvjrsltylbmuektgrs, tcj lnp`jnjbtktlgb gd mgnp`jnjbtkry sjrvlmjs wltc tcj gtcjr rjalgbk` kmtgrsscguì ej dkvgurji.

5= Kmmj`jrktlba Jmgbgnlm Ijvj`gpnjbt tcrguac Zblvjrslty Yjmcbg`gay Yrkbsdjr lb Jmgbgnlm Ijvj`gpnjbt Knjrlmk Qlbtjr 5??:

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99.

Yjmcbg`galmk` _krfs

Ycj prjsjbmj gd k ublvjrslty bjkr tjmcbg`galmk` pkrfs ls k prjmgbiltlgb gd tcjlrjddjmtlvjbjss kbi jddlmljbmy. Ks lb tcj mksj gd lbmuektgrs, tcj quk`lty gd pkrtbjrsclpsejtwjjb ublvjrsltljs kbi tcj rjalgbk` dkerlm ls k aukrkbtjj gd summjss.

Hglbt @kegrktgrljs wltc @gmk` _`kyjrs

Jqulpnjbt mgsts krj ejmgnlba ngrj kbi ngrj jxpjbslvj kbi sg krj bg `gbajr kddgrike`jey `gts gd ]NJs. Ycjrjdgrj, bjw pkrtbjrsclps ckvj tg ej ijvj`gpji lb grijr tg cj`p `gmk`jbtjrprlsjs kmmjss tgp quk`lty jqulpnjbt. Lb sgnj rjalgbs tcj pue`lm kutcgrltljs krjlbvjstlba lb ngijrb jxpjbslvj jqulpnjbt kbi put tcjn kt tcj ilspgsk` gd ]NJs kbiublvjrsltljs lb k tlnj sckrlba systjn. ]gnj `kraj lbiustrlk` argups ig sgnjtlnjs tcj sknj.

Mg``kegrktlvj Mjbtrj dgr Yjmcbg`gay MgbvjrajbmjYjmcbg`gay ijvj`gpnjbt rjqulrjs ngrj kbi ngrj lbtjrilsmlp`lbkry kpprgkmcjs.

Zblvjrsltljs kbi gtcjr rjalgbk` kmtgrs mkb mggpjrktj tg eulì mg``kegrktlvj mjbtrjs tg dgstjrtjmcbg`gay mgbvjrajbmj.

9.;.9 ]tlnu`ktlgb gd U&I+L kmtlvltljs

Bunjrgus ublvjrsltljs krj lnp`jnjbtlba hglbt rjsjkrmc prgarknnjs wltc jbtjrprlsjs.Ycjsj krj gdtjb prghjmts `ji ey ela jbtjrprlsjs. Dlbkbmlk` lbmjbtlvjs scguì ej put lb p`kmjsg tckt ublvjrsltljs mkb cj`p rjalgbk` ]NJs sg`vj tcjlr mgbmrjtj prge`jns.

9.;.: Irlvlba tcj rjalgbk` jmgbgny

Ujalgbk` pue`lm kutcgrltljs scguì ngrj kbi ngrj lbvg`vj ublvjrsltljs lb dgrjslactsmjbkrlgs tg eulì tcjlr duturj. Lbijji, jnjralba fbgw`jiaj rjqulrjs bjw pg`lmljs. Lbvg`vlbaublvjrsltljs lb tcgsj smjbkrlgs wl`` cj`p tcjn suesmrlej tg tcj `gba-tjrn vlslgb gd tcjrjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt.

Mùstjrs

Zblvjrsltljs scguì ej rjakriji ks fjy pkrtbjrs gd kby lbltlktlvj tg sjt up gr irlvjmùstjrs.

Ycj ngst dkngus mùstjrs lbmùij k ublvjrslty tckt ubijrstggi tcj nutuk` ejbjdlts gdnjnejrsclp gd tcj rjalgbk` kmtgrs' bjtwgrf jstke`lscji.

Ycj Zblvjrslty/Euslbjss Lbtjrdkmj

Ks prjvlgus`y lbilmktji, tcj prjsjbmj gd k ijilmktji ublvjrslty ublt ijk`lba wltc rj`ktlgbsejtwjjb kmkijnlk kbi euslbjssjs ls vltk` tg tcj dgrnjrs mgbtrleutlgb tg rjalgbk` jmgbgnlmijvj`gpnjbt.

Yg ej jddlmljbt, sumc lbtjrdkmj bjjis ijilmktji quk`lty stkdd wcg nust ubijrstkbi tcjjbtjrprlsjs' kbi jbtrjprjbjurs' bjjis kbi mgbmjrbs. Ycj pjgp`j jnp`gyji lb sumc lbtjrdkmjnust ej ke`j tg ijtjmt lbbgvktlgbs wclmc mkb ej put rkpli`y tg tcj nkrfjt. ]umc jxpjrtlsj lsgdtjb smkrmj lb ngst gd JZ ublvjrsltljs wcjb mgnpkrlba tcj sltuktlgb wltc tcj gbj lb tcjZ]K.

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Zblvjrslty ]jji Mkpltk` Dubis

Ks lb tcj mksj gd gtcjr `gmk` tgg`s, ublvjrsltljs scguì ej ke`j tg rj`y gb rjalgbk` pue`lmkutcgrltljs kbi UIKs lb grijr tg mgbtrleutj tg tcj lbltlk` mkpltk` gd tcjlr sjji mkpltk` dubis.

9.;.4 ]jttlba Zp _ue`lm-_rlvktj _krtbjrsclps

Zblvjrsltljs nky ckvj kb lnpgrtkbt rg`j tg p`ky ks mktk`ysts gd pue`lm-prlvktjpkrtbjrsclps klnji kt mgbsg`liktlba tcj prjsjbmj gd `kraj mgnpkbljs lb tcjlr rjalgb.

9.;.1 Yk`jbt Kttrkmtlgb

UIKs kbi rjalgbk` kutcgrltljs scguì prgngtj tcj Zblvjrslty tg dgrjlab tk`jbt gr tg bktlvjswcg ckvj ejjb nlarktlba lb gtcjr jxmj``jbmj mjbtrjs, ks tcjy ig tg DIL. Lb grijr tg ig sg,tcjy scguì wgrf tgajtcjr lb kssjsslba tcj kivkbtkajs tckt tcj Zblvjrslty mkb gddjr tgjxgajbgus tk`jbts kbi euslbjssjs. Ycjy k`sg mguì cj`p `gmk` Zblvjrslty tg grakblsj kbipkrtlmlpktj lb jvjbts gd tcj "Qgrì NEK Ygur" typj.

Zblvjrsltljs scguì wgrf wltc UIKs tg jstke`lsc aggi rj`ktlgbs wltc tcj ejst tk`jbtji dgrjlabstuijbts sg tckt tcjy erlba tcjlr fbgw`jiaj lb mksj tcjy rjnklb lb tcj rjalgb gr tcjyejmgnj "rjalgbk` kneksskigrs" lb mksj tcjy rjturb lb tcjlr mgubtrljs. Lb grijr tg kmcljvjtckt agk`, UIKs scguì mrjktj aggi cgstlba mgbiltlgbs kbi prgvlij wgrflba jxpjrljbmjs lb`gmk` jbtjrprlsjs dgr sumc dgrjlab tk`jbts.

9.5 Ngel`lslba ublvjrsltljs' kssjts

]g dkr, pue`lm kutcgrltljs ckvj dkvgurji tcj sg-mk``ji tjmcbg`gay pusc kpprgkmc,wclmc ls rggtji lb tcj ej`ljd tckt ey punplba dlbkbmlk` rjsgurmjs lbtg rjsjkrmc, lbbgvktlgb`jkilba tg argwtcls egubi tg ckppjb. Ycls ejlba skli, Jurgpj sjjns tg ej trkl`lba gtcjr(argup gd) mgubtrljs wcjb lt mgnjs tg turblba rjsjkrmc gutmgnjs lbtg prgiumts kbi sjrvlmjstckt krj jbigrsji ey tcj nkrfjt. Ygiky tcls ngij` ls lbmrjkslba`y ejlba mck``jbaji kbirjp`kmji ey k ijnkbi pu``. Bgw, tcls bgvj` kpprgkmc rjqulrjs egtc rjlbdgrmlba nkbkajrlk`sfl``s rj`ktlba tg lbbgvktlgb lb prgiumts, sjrvlmjs, prgmjssjs kbi euslbjss ngij`s kbingel`lslba sjji mkpltk` lbmùilba euslbjss kbaj`s (lbdgrnk` vjbturj mkpltk`). Yckt kpprgkmcjbke`js prge`jns kbi m`ljbt bjjis tg ej sg`vji (gpjb lbbgvktlgb, ijnkbi-irlvjblbbgvktlgb). Zblvjrslty mkpkmltljs krj jssjbtlk` tg put sumc k strktjay lb p`kmj kbi scguìngrj gdtjb ej mck``jbaji tg prgvlij sgùtlgbs tg lssujs dkmlba `gmk` euslbjssjs (sjj tcjrlact-ckbi slij gd tcj arkpc ej`gw). Zblvjrsltljs scguì k`sg ej mk``ji upgb tg pgpu`krlsjbjw fbgw`jiaj lb tcj dljì gd snkrt spjmlk`lsktlgb.

Lt agjs wltcgut skylba tckt ublvjrsltljs kbi rjsjkrmc mjbtrjs bjji tg ej lbvg`vji lbtcj prgmjss `jkilba tg tcj ijvj`gpnjbt kbi lnp`jnjbtktlgb gd kby snkrt spjmlk`lsktlgbstrktjay.

Gb kmmgubt gd tcjlr vkrljaktji mgbtrleutlgb tg rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt ks ijsmrlejikegvj, ublvjrsltljs scguì ej jbmgurkaji tg gr dkl`lba sumc jbmgurkajnjbt, tkfj tcjlbltlktlvj tg scgwmksj tcjlr fbgw-cgw kbi jxpjmtktlgbs lb tcj dgrn gd kb ] Eùjprlbt (sjj

sjmtlgb 5.5 kegvj).

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Zblvjrsltljs scguì k`sg ej ke`j tg ejttjr `jvjrkaj tcj gppgrtubltljs gddjrji ey tcjJUID lb tjrns gd suppgrt dgr rjsjkrmc, lbbgvktlgb kbi jbtrjprjbjursclp kmtlvltljs. Ycls typj

gd lbvjstnjbt wl`` prgvj ngrj tckb usjdu` lb ij`lvjrlba k rjalgbk` ].

Dgr jxknp`j, kmtlgbs lbmùilba tcgsj prjsjbtji ej`gw 59 wjrj rjmjbt`y dubiji ey tcjJUID.

Eulìlba / uparkilba lbdrkstrumturjs kbi jqulpnjbts U&L prghjmts dgr turblba fbgw`jiaj lbtg bjw prgiumts, prgmjssjs kbi sjrvlmjs (j.a.

lbmuektgrs) _krtlmlpktlgb tg bjtwgrfs kbi mùstjrs ]jrvlmjs prgvliji tg CJLs 5: 8 kivlmj L_U (pktjbtlba) ]jrvlmjs prgvliji ey CJLs8 trklblba, mgbsu`tkbmy

Lbmgnlba kbi gutaglba ngel`lty dj``gwsclp smcjnjs, lbslij/gutslij tcj rjalgb _`kmjnjbt gd CJLs arkiuktjs lb euslbjssjs CJLs nkbkajrs8 j.a. lbmuektgrs, mùstjrs, bjtwgrfs ]pjmldlm tjkn lb CJL8 U&L prghjmts, trklblba, kivlmj Lbilvliuk` rjsjkrmcjr/stuijbt8 U&L prghjmt, p`kmjnjbt kbi ngel`lty smcjnjs Kivlsgry sjrvlmj prgvlilba ksslstkbmj tg CJLs ]NJs rjmjlvlba vgumcjrs kbi suemgbtrkmtlba tg CJLs.

K pkrtbjrsclp scguì ej ijvj`gpji ejtwjjb rjalgbk` kutcgrltljs lb mckraj gd ] kbiublvjrsltljs dgr tcj purpgsj gd `geeylba JUID nkbkajnjbt kutcgrltljs tg du``y mgbvlbmjtcjn gd tcj rg`j gd ublvjrsltljs lb rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt.

Ycjrj wguì gevlgus`y ej k bjji tg kvgli jxmjsslvj spjmlk`lsktlgb gd ublvjrsltljs.Uktcjr, tcj mck``jbaj wguì ej tg egtc prgvlij stuijbts wltc trklblba tckt njjts mgrpgrktjrjqulrjnjbts kbi jbsurj tckt fbgw`jiaj mkb lbijji ej utl`lsji ey euslbjssjs.

59 ]gurmj8 _ljrrj Agilb, IA Ujalg5: CJL > Clacjr Jiumktlgb Lbstltutj

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Mckptjr : Ycj Mck``jbaj dgr Euslbjss

:.; Ycj _krkigx gd _ue`lm Lbtjrvjbtlgb lb U&I+L

]jvjrk` JZ mgnnlsslgbji stuiljs kbi survjys ckvj scgwb tckt lt ls ckri dgreuslbjssjs tg du``y `jvjrkaj pue`lm U&I+L suppgrt smcjnjs.

Jvlijbmj gd tcls ls prgvliji ey tcj dg``gwlba rjk`lsktlgb8 wcl`j twg tclris gd rjspgbijbtmgnpkbljs kinlttji uslba lbbgvktlgb suppgrt sjrvlmjs, `jss tckb k tclri mgbslijrji tcjn tgej sktlsdkmtgry54. Ycls njkbs tckt m`gsjr tljs bjji tg jnjraj ejtwjjb tcj twg pkrtbjrs sgks tg prgvlij suppgrt smcjnjs tckt krj ngrj lb tubj wltc kmtuk` euslbjss bjjis. Lb tclsmgbtjxt cgwjvjr, tcjrj wl`` ej k bjji tg ilstlbaulsc ejtwjjb tcj trlvlk`, jxprjssji kbi

kmtuk` bjjis gd ]NJs. Ykflba tcj jxknp`j gd tcj bjji tg jxpgrt lb k a`gek`lsji jmgbgny(trlvlk` bjji), prgvlslgb gd k arkbt tg kttjbi k trkij dklr (jxprjssji bjji) wl`` gdtjb ejmgnpkrktlvj`y `jss jddjmtlvj wcjrj mgnpkbljs ckvj bja`jmtji tg eulì tcj bjmjsskrymkpkmlty lb tjrns gd `kbaukaj sfl``s, dlbkbmj (mrjilt-jxpgrt-lbsurkbmj), `galstlms, fbgw`jiajgd kinlblstrktlvj mgbstrklbts (rjk` bjji).

Kmtuk``y, tcj ngst strlflba bjjis gd euslbjssjs lbmùij8 kmmjsslba vjbturj mkpltk`6 m`gslba k dlrst sk`js mgbtrkmt6 `jvjrkalba tcj lbbgvktlgb pgtjbtlk`6 clrlba sfl``ji stkdd6 utl`lslba gr kesgrelba fbgw`jiaj.

Ygg gdtjb stl``, pue`lm kutcgrltljs ej`ljvj tckt lbbgvktlgb ls `lbfji tg rjsjkrmc kbitcjrjdgrj prlvl`jaj UYI prgarknnjs. Kbi yjt, kmmgrilba tg k ]wlss survjy, euslbjssjsrjpgrt tckt wcjb lt mgnjs tg lbbgvktlgb, tcj gutmgnjs gd U&I kmtlvltljs gb`y kmmgubt dgr ksnk`` sckrj gd tcjlr sgurmjs gd lbdgrnktlgb kbi lbsplrktlgb. Ycls ls l`ùstrktji lb tcj arkpcej`gw.

54 Nkflba _ue`lm ]uppgrt dgr Lbbgvktlgb lb tcj JZ ngrj Jddjmtlvj. @jssgbs `jkrbt drgn k pue`lm mgbsu`tktlgb.Mgnnlsslgb ]tkdd Qgrflba Igmunjbt

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5 = 9 9 : : 1

5:

9:

?

:

;?

;:

5?

5:

=?

=:

9?

9:

:?

L bt jr njilk rljs Gt cj r Dk lr s I gmunjbt s ]upp`ljr U&I Mgnpjt lt gr s Must gnjr s L bt jr bk `

_rlnkry sgurmjs gd lijks dgr

lbbgvktlgb lb

]wltzjr`kbi

]gurmj8 Iktk qugtji lb k njjtlba grakblzji ey IA Ujsjkrmc gb 5; Hubj 5?;;

Kmmgrilba tg _rlmjwktjrcgusjMggpjrs 51, tcj lbbgvktlgb prgmjss bjjis tg ej irlvjb eyeuslbjss `jkijrs kbi tgp nkbkajrs sg ks tg prgngtj k mu`turj tckt ls bjw-lijk drljbi`y.Ejkrlba tcls lb nlbi, tcj lbbgvktlgb prgmjss mkb ajbjrk``y ej krtlmu`ktji lb dgur stkajs8

ilsmgvjry8 lijbtldylba kbi `lstlba lssujs6

lbmuektlgb8 tjstlba aggi lijks6 kmmj`jrktlgb8 mcjmflba tcj mgnnjrmlk` djkslel`lty gd bjw prgiumts/sjrvlmjs eksji gb tcjlijks6

lnp`jnjbtktlgb8 nklbstrjknlba lbbgvktlgb wltclb tcj euslbjss.

Ij`lvjry gd tcjsj stkajs ijpjbis egtc gb tcj kel`lty gd nkbkajrs tg stlnu`ktj kbigrakblsj tcj euslbjss lbbgvktlgb prgmjss kbi tcj nkrfjts pjrmjlvji kel`lty tg kesgrelbbgvktlgb. _ue`lm lbbgvktlgb nkbkajnjbt suppgrt smcjnjs krj k rjspgbsj tg tcls typj gdrjk` ]NJ bjji.

Ycls rjk`lsktlgb jvgfjs tcj bjji dgr pue`lm kutcgrltljs tg lnp`jnjbt smcjnjs

jbmgurkalba ijtjmtlgb gd igrnkbt lbbgvktgrs egtc wltclb ]NJs kbi lb rjalgbk` tjmcblmk`kbi tjmcbg`galmk` egiljs. Ycls rjqulrjs mkbvksslba tkrajt argups kmmgrilba tg mrltjrlklbm`uilba tcj typg`gay gd euslbjss prgiumt/sjrvlmj prgvlslgb (tjmc, bgb-tjmc), slzjs (nlmrg,snk``, nli-slzji, `kraj), lbbgvktlgb bkturj (tjmcbg`galmk`, ijslab, nkrfjtlba, jtm.) kbi jddgrtrjqulrjnjbts (lbbgvktlgb nkbkajnjbt, lbvjstnjbt, nkrfjt lbtj``lajbmj, mg``kegrktlgb, jtm.).Ycj rjsu`ts gd tcls kbk`ysls wl`` jbke`j suppgrt systjns tg ej ijp`gyji tckt krj tkl`grji tgtcj rjqulrjnjbts gd pgtjbtlk` ejbjdlmlkrljs.

Lt ls wgrtc rjmk``lba tckt lb Jurgpj, euslbjssjs lbvjst `jss lbtg U&I+L tckb tcjlr Z]kbi Hkpkbjsj mgubtjrpkrts. Ycls jxp`klbs tg k `kraj jxtjbt wcy tcj JZ gehjmtlvj gd lbvjstlbakt `jkst =% gd lts AI_ lb U&I cks bgt ejjb njt.

51 "Ijnystldylba Lbbgvktlgb8 Ykfj igwb ekrrljrs tg bjw Argwtc" Md. Kajdl @uxjnegura, Hul``jt/Kgt 5?;;

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]gnj nu`tlbktlgbk`s wl`` durtcjr eggst tcj lnp`jnjbtktlgb prgmjss gd kby snkrtspjmlk`lsktlgb strktjay tcrguac njmckblsns lbmùilba tcjlr tjmcbg`gay mknpus (_cl`lps lb

Jlbicgvjb VB@^ kbi Mkjb VD^), lbvg`vjnjbt lb kb gpjb lbbgvktlgb systjn (I]N lbNkkstrlmct VB@^, Nlmrgsgdt kbi lts lbmuektgrs lb Ngbs VE^ kbi Erussj`s VE^), kbi mgrpgrktjvjbturlba (EK]D VI^, ) gr rjmgbvjrslgb dubis (Nlmcj`lb gr Ygtk` lb Drkbmj).

Ks pkrt gd lts nkrlbj rjbjwke`j jbjray strktjay, tcj rjalgb gd Mkbtkerlk (J) sjt up kmknpus suppgrtji ey bktlgbk` (Lejrirg`k, Irkagigs, Ujpsg`) kbi lbtjrbktlgbk` (Tjbtks,]ljnjbs, jtm.) mgnpkbljs.

Qcl`j lt ls bkturk` dgr kby rjalgbk` strktjay ijilmktji tg U&I+L kmtlvltljs tg dgrnk``ylbmùij kb ]NJ strkbi, lt ls k`sg usjdu` tg lbvg`vj `kraj rjalgbk` kbi lbtjrbktlgbk` mgnpkbljslb kby snkrt spjmlk`lsktlgb strktjay ks tcjy stl`` lbdùjbmj tcj jnjrajbmj gd bjw nkrfjts

kbi tjmcbg`gay tg k `kraj jxtjbt. Durtcjr, strktjaljs ijvj`gpji tg kiirjss nkhgr sgmljtymck``jbajs krj ngrj tckb `lfj`y tg rjqulrj bjw pue`lm-prlvktj pkrtbjrsclp dgrnkts tckt wl``bjji tg lbvg`vj tcjn gbj wky gr kbgtcjr. Ycj sknj ls truj wcjb lt mgnjs tg ubijrstkbilbatcj lbbgvktlgb gr gutsgurmlba pcl`gsgpcljs gd euslbjssjs tckt strgba`y lnpkmt tcj sgmlk` kbijmgbgnlm dkerlm gd sgmljty. Ujalgbs tckt k`rjkiy ckvj kb jstke`lscji euslbjss rjtjbtlgbpg`lmy nky ilrjmt lbdgrnktlgb d`gws tgwkri lbvg`vjnjbt lb tcj ijdlbltlgb gd snkrtspjmlk`lsktlgb.

Lt ls k`sg usjdu` tg rjijdlbj tcj mgbtjbts gd rjalgbk` kttrkmtlvjbjss kbi nkrfjtlbapg`lmljs kiirjssji tg nu`tlbktlgbk`s tg nktmc tcj mgbtjbts gd tcj snkrt spjmlk`lsktlgbstrktjay sg tckt duturj jstke`lscnjbts mgbtrleutj slabldlmkbt`y tg strktjay ij`lvjry.

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Mckptjr 4 Lbvjstgrs

4.; Ycj Murrjbt ]ltuktlgb

Mgbtrkry tg tcj ]l`lmgb Tk``jy, ngst JZ rjalgbs krj dkmlba k dlbkbmlk` `gw wcjb ltmgnjs tg prlvktj lbvjstnjbt lb tcj vjbturj mkpltk` nkrfjt sjanjbt (euslbjss kbaj`s, sjjikbi vjbturj mkpltk`) egtc gb ejck`d gd stkrt-ups kbi jbtrjprjbjurlk` argwtc ]NJs. Yggnkby rjalgbs stl`` rj`y cjkvl`y gb arkbts rktcjr tckb lbvjstnjbt lb drknjwgrf mgbiltlgbsjbke`lba tcj pue`lm gr prlvktj vjbturj mkpltk` lbiustry tg argw.

Egtc tcj jbtrjprjbjurs kbi tcj pue`lm kutcgrltljs nust ej kwkrj tckt k`` dgrns gddlbkbmj ig bgt ckvj tcj sknj klns. ]lnl`kr`y, tcj ngtlvktlgbs kbi mrltjrlk gd ilddjrjbt

dubilba pkrtljs wl`` vkry kmmgrilba egtc tg tcj typj gd prgiumt prjsjbtji kbi tcj `jvj` gdrlsf `lbfji tg lt. Ycjrjdgrj, euslbjss p`kb quk`lty kbi mgbtjbt, ks wj`` ks lts prjsjbtktlgb tgpgtjbtlk` lbvjstgrs bjji tg ej kihustji tg tcjlr rjspjmtlvj spjmldlm rjqulrjnjbts. Yclsjxp`klbs tcj Kba`g-]kxgb jxprjsslgb k`` ngbjy ls bgt tcj sknj. Kpprgprlktj wkys gdkiirjsslba pgtjbtlk` lbvjstgrs jxpjmtktlgbs ls sgnjtclba wguì-ej lbvjstjjs mkb prjpkrj dgrey kttjbilba kb lbvjstnjbt rjkilbjss prgarknnj gr ey pksslba tcrguac kb lbmuektgr,cgplba tckt sgnj gd tcjn wl`` gbj iky ejmgnj ]NJ argwtc kmmj`jrktgrs

Ycj vlvkmlty gd tcj vjbturj mkpltk` nkrfjt lb k rjalgb lbijji ijpjbis gb8 k prjdjrjbmj dgr suesliljs6 tcj ijarjj gd kmmjptkbmj kngba euslbjsspjrsgbs gd tclri-pkrty lbvjstnjbt lb tcjlr

mgnpkby6 tcj vkrljty gd dubilba sgurmjs kvkl`ke`j6 tcj `jvj` gd nkturlty gd tcj ilddjrjbt nkrfjt sjanjbts tckt mgbstltutj tcj euslbjssdlbkbmj vkùj mcklb6

tcj pcyslmk` kbi mu`turk` prgxlnlty gd lbvjstgrs kbi jbtrjprjbjurs6 tcj kesjbmj gd pue`lm smcjnjs cj`plba lbbgvktlvj ]NJs sjmurj tcjlr dlrst grijr (]ELU,pue`lm prgmurjnjbt, jtm.).

Durtcjrngrj, kt vjbturj mkpltk` nkrfjt `jvj`, tcj dg``gwlba scguì ej bgtji8

k) Ycrjj dgrns gd ksynnjtry8 ksynnjtrlm lbdgrnktlgb ejtwjjb tcj jbtrjprjbjurs kbi lbvjstgrs wgrìs6 lbjddlmljbt prjpkrktlgb gd jbtrjprjbjurs wl``lba tg njjt gr njjtlba lbvjstgrs6 k ilddjrjbt pjrmjptlgb gd tcj lbbgvktlvjbjss gd jbtrjprjbjurs prghjmt.

e) K dlbkbmlk` akp rjdjrs tg k sltuktlgb wcjrj dlrns tckt wguì njrlt dlbkbmlba mkbbgt ajt ltiuj tg nkrfjt lnpjrdjmtlgbs. K spjmldlm mksj gd dlbkbmlba akp ls tcj jqulty akp, tcj `kmfgd prgvlslgb gd prlvktj jqulty lbvjstnjbts lb tcj jkr`y stkaj gd k dlrns argwtc. Ycjrjksgbs dgr tcj jxlstjbmj gd dlbkbmj akps mkb ej `lbfji jltcjr tg tcj lbsuddlmljbt supp`ygd dubis gr tg lbkijqukmljs gb tcj ijnkbi slzj. Ycj akp mkb ag drgn kb lbvjstnjbtslzj gd `jss tckb ;??.??? tg gvjr k nl``lgb ijpjbilba gb tcj rjalgb gr tcj mgubtry. Lbtcj ZF tcj akp cks ejjb jstlnktji tg ej ejtwjjb 9??.??? kbi =.???.???. DgrAjrnkby, tckt akp jxtjbis tg :.???.???.

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]gnj pjgp`j 53 suaajst tckt tcj jqulty akp ls bgt k nkrfjt dklùrj ks ]NJs dlbi lt ckri tgrklsj mkpltk` ejmkusj mkpltk` nkrfjts ubijrstkbi gb`y tgg wj`` tckt nkby ]NJs ag eust kbi

tcj survlvgrs ig bgt prgvlij kb kijquktj rjturb dgr tcls rlsf. Ycls ls bgt nkrfjt dklùrj, tclsls tcj nkrfjt wgrflba jddlmljbt`y.

Lt ls ajbjrk``y kmmjptji kt JZ `jvj` tckt tcjrj krj dgur typjs gd strumturk` akps lb tcj ]NJdlbkbmj mym`j8

lbsuddlmljbt gpjrktgrs lb tcj sjji mkpltk` sjanjbt6 lbsuddlmljbt lbvjstgrs tg dlbkbmj tcj sjji stkaj gd ]NJ ijvj`gpnjbt6 jxmjsslvj`y drkanjbtji vjbturj mkpltk` nkrfjts6 lbsuddlmljbt`y dùli ]NJ stgmf nkrfjts. 5<

Ycls pcjbgnjbgb ls l`ùstrktji lb tcj arkpc ej`gw.

_rge`jns lb tcj dlbkbmlba mcklb

]gurmj 8 _rjsjbtktlgb ey Tjsk Tkbckbjb (IA Jbtjrprlsj kbi Lbiustry) kt tcj JK]\ ]jnlbkr lb @hue`hkbk gb ;

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Mckptjr 1 K Mgnnjrmlk`lsktlgb Jmgsystjn dgr Bjw Lijks

Ks jnpckslsji sjvjrk` tlnjs kegvj, wcjtcjr ks k rjsu`t gd tjmcbg`galmk` rjsjkrmc grkb kbk`ysls gd pgtjbtlk` mustgnjr ijnkbi, tcj nklb mck``jbaj ls tg erlba bjw lijks tg tcjnkrfjt. _ue`lm pg`lmljs bjji tg lbdgrn tcj jvgùtlgb gd mgbmjpts lbmùilba jmgsystjns, UYILkbi tcj trlp`j cj`lx tgwkri kb jmgsystjn ijilmktji tg mgnnjrmlk`lslba lbbgvktlvj lijks.

Ijpjbilba gb tcjlr mgnpjtltlvj kivkbtkajs, rjalgbs nky eulì tcjlr lbbgvktlgbjmgsystjn gb tcj mgnnjrmlk`lsktlgb gd tjmc rjsjkrmc gutmgnjs gr k`tjrbktlvj`y tcj tkfj upkbi lbtjarktlgb gd bjw lijks lb trkiltlgbk` sjmtgrs.

Ycj mgnnjrmlk`lsktlgb jmgsystjn dgr bjw lijks wl`` rjst gb tcj dgur pl``krs ej`gw8

Mgbmjpt dkmtgry tjmcbg`galmk` kbi smljbtldlm rjsjkrmc lbbgvktlgb lb sjrvlmjs trkbsdjr gd tjmcbg`gay fbgw`jiaj uptkfj

Lbmuektlgb clac vkùj-kiiji vjbujs kbi bjtwgrfs euslbjss kbaj`s sjji mkpltk` arkbts7 njbtgrlba pgtjbtlk` jbtrjprjbjurs (ey sjrlk` jbtrjprjbjurs) _rggd gd mgbmjpt

tjmcbg`galmk` scgwmkslba Ijvj`gpnjbt vjbturj mkpltk` mgrpgrktj vjbturlba k``-gut mggpjrktlgb prgtgtyplba dlrst m`ljbt m`gsurj, lbmùilba tcrguac prj-mgnpjtltlvj tjbijrlba kbi bjw ___

dgrnkts

Argwtc lbtjrbktlgbk`lsktlgb prgdlts jbke`lba sj`d-dlbkbmlba gd duturj lbvjstnjbt

Ycjsj pl``krs wjrj prjsjbtji ls arkpclmk` dgrnkt ks dg``gws ey tcj prgngtjrs gd kbjmgsystjn mk``ji HZN_]YKUY lb tcj stktj gd Gclg (Z])8

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:9.

]gurmj8 HZN_]YKUY KNJULMK, Gclg (Z]K)

Ycj rjsjkrmc gutmgnj mgnnjrmlk`lsktlgb jmgsystjn gd NLY (Z]K) ls prjsjbtji ej`gw

ks kb jxknp`j kbi ejbmcnkrf.

]gurmj8 K``jb H. Ilbjs, Zblvjrslty gd Qlsmgbslb Nkilsgb

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Qgrtc ubijrsmgrlba ls tckt jmgsystjns krj gb`y ks strgba ks tcjlr wjkfjst `lbf kbitckt jvjb ld tcj pjrdgrnkbmj gd jkmc lbilvliuk` `lbf ls sktlsdkmtgry, tcj systjn ks k wcg`j

nky dkl` iuj tg k `kmf gd mgcjslgb ejtwjjb lts ilddjrjbt mgnpgbjbt pkrts.

K`sg wgrtc ubijrsmgrlba lb tcj NLY =? jmgsystjn ls tcj lnpgrtkbmj gd tcj Yjmcbg`gay@lmjbslba Gddlmj8 rktcjr tckb ksflba dgr lnnjilktj pkynjbt gd lbtj``jmtuk` prgpjrty rlactswclmc wguì ej ubkddgrike`j dgr wguì-ej euslbjss ijvj`gpjrs (ejlba rjsjkrmcjrs grstuijbts), lt lbvjsts lb tcj stgmf gd bjw euslbjssjs kbi k sckrj gd tcjlr rgyk`tljs ld tcjyejmgnj summjssdu`. Durtcjrngrj, NLY prgdjssgrs krj jbmgurkaji tg ijilmktj k iky pjr wjjftg bgb kmkijnlm kmtlvltljs. [ultj rjnkrfke`y, tcls vlrtugus ngij` krauke`y lbsplrji eymgnngb sjbsj ls bgt sckrji ey tcj nkhgrlty gd Z] kbi JZ ublvjrsltljs.

Lb sgnj lbiustrljs, pue`lm kutcgrltljs wl`` bjji tg rjp`kmj prlvktj lbvjstgrs tg eggst

euslbjss argwtc. Uktcjr tckb arkbts, tcjy mguì `jvjrkaj lbbgvktlvj pue`lm prgmurjnjbt grpue`lm-prlvktj pkrtbjrsclp dgrnkts tg ig sg.

Ycjrjdgrj, tcjy wl`` ckvj tg ejmgnj prgdjsslgbk`lsji kbi lbvjst lb bjw mgnpjtjbmljssumc ks8

vk`liktlba tcj rj`jvkbmj gd fjy jbke`lba tjmcbg`galjs dgr tcj rjalgb, ngel`lslba prlvktj mkpltk` klnji kt mrjktlba dlbkbmlk` jbalbjjrlba lbstrunjbts, ubijrstkbilba tcj `ldj mym`j gd tcj vkrlgus typjs gd lbbgvktlgb kbi fbgw`jiaj mrjktlgb,trkbsdjr kbi ilssjnlbktlgb lb k rjalgb,

nkstjrlba tcj kinlblstrktlvj jbalbjjrlba jbke`lba lbbgvktlgb lb tcj pue`lm sjmtgr (pue`lm-prlvktj pkrtbjrsclp, lbbgvktlvj pue`lm prgmurjnjbt, clac kiiji vkùj suppgrt sjrvlmjs,

jtm.) ijtjmtlba tk`jbtji pjgp`j kbi duturj sfl`` bjjis, tjrrltgrlk` lbtj``lajbmj8 lbtjrbktlgbk`lsktlgb, a`gek`lsktlgb, kttrkmtlvjbjss, mgnpjtltlvjbjss,ijtjmtlgb gd tgngrrgw's mcknplgbs, ).

=? ]gurmj8 Ql``lkn H. Cg`stjlb, "Ycj Bjxt Knjrlmkb Jmgbgny. Eùjprlbt dgr k Ujk` Ujmgvjry", 5?;;

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Ujmgnnjbiktlgbs

;. Yg Ujalgbk` Kutcgrltljs

;.; ]trjss tjstlba rjalgbk` kssjts lb krjks lbmùilba8

k) agvjrbkbmj wcg krj tcj fjy stkfjcgìjrs lbvg`vji lb tcj strktjay7 wckt mgbtrleutlgbs krj tkfjb lbtg kmmgubt7 cgw ls `jkijrsclp jxjrmlsji7

e) strktjay mgbtjbts wckt krj tcj rjalgbs ublquj mgnpjtltlvj kivkbtkajs7 wckt krj tcj wjkfbjssjs gd tcj jmgsystjn tckt utl`lsjs fbgw`jiaj kbi

nkrfjt lbbgvktlvj lijks7 wckt krj tcj j`jnjbts gd tcj strktjay tckt strjbatcjb tcj mkpkmlty tg

lbbgvktj kbi nkrfjt bjw prgiumts/sjrvlmjs7 wckt krj tcj j`jnjbts tckt jbke`j supp`y gd prgdjsslgbk` sfl``s tg nktmc tcj

rjqulrjnjbts gd strktjay prlgrltljs7 wckt krj tcj njksurjs tckt wl`` dkml`ltktj kmmjss tg vjbturj mkpltk`7

m) Jxpgsurj tg a`gek` mgnpjtltlgb jxpgrt kbi DIL kttrkmtlgb mkpkmlty lnpgrt, rj`gmktlgb kbi gutsgurmlba d`gws

;.5 Lbtrgiumlba k pjrnkbjbt njmckblsn tg kihust tg jvg`vlba mgnpjtltlgb

;.= Njksurlba tcj lnpkmt gd njksurjs kbi tcj strktjay

;.9 Ijvj`gplba k euslbjss rjtjbtlgb smcjnj

5. Gb Uj`ktlgbs wltc Kmkijnlk

5.;. ]trjss tjstlba rj`ktlgbs ejtwjjb ublvjrsltljs kbi tcj rjalgbk` jmgbgnlm dkerlm.]umc k tjst scguì lbmùij tcj dg``gwlba pkrknjtjrs8

k) Agvjrbkbmj kmkijnlm rjprjsjbtktlgb gb tcj egkris gd rjalgbk` egiljs lbmùilba

ijvj`gpnjbt kajbmljs, lbbgvktlgb kajbmljs, mùstjrs, lbmuektgrs, tjmcmjbtrjs, rjalgbk` vjbturj mkpltk` dubis, vgmktlgb trklblba kajbmljs, jtm.6

rjprjsjbtktlgb gd rjalgbk` ijvj gpnjbt egiljs gb ublvjrslty egkris6 nklbstrjknlba gd k rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt gehjmtlvj lb ublvjrslty nlsslgb

stktjnjbts.

e) Ujalgbk` suppgrt dgr ublvjrsltyBkturj gd dubilba arkbtji ey rjalgbk` egiljs tg ublvjrsltljs lb krjks lbmùilba8- lbdrkstrumturj

- jqulpnjbt- dubis prgngtlba splb-gdds gr stkrt-ups

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- vgumcjrs alvjb tg ]NJs tg euy sjrvlmjs drgn ublvjrsltljs- ijp`gynjbt gd strgba vkùj-kiiji suppgrt sjrvlmjs lbmùilba8 prggd-gd-

mgbmjpt, lbvjstnjbt rjkilbjss, L_U vk`grlsktlgb, jtm.- prgvlslgb gd mustgnlsji mgbtlbugus trklblba lb suppgrt gd mùstjr pg`lmljs.

m) Zblvjrslty suppgrt dgr rjalgbk` euslbjssjsBkturj gd tcj sjrvlmjs prgvliji ey ublvjrsltljs lb krjks lbmùilba8- euslbjss ijvj`gpnjbt- trkbsdjr gd fbgw`jiaj kbi tjmcbg`gay- p`kmjnjbt gd jxpjrts lb ]NJs- hglbt U&I+L prghjmts- mgbtlbugus trklblba.

5.5 Kbk`yslba kmkijnlm bjjis wltc k vljw tg strjbatcjblba tcj mgbtrleutlgb gdublvjrsltljs tg rjalgbk` ijvj`gpnjbt.

5.= Njksurlba tcj lnpkmt gd ublvjrslty lbtjrvjbtlgbs gb snkrt spjmlk`lsktlgb strktjayij`lvjry tcrguac lbilmktgrs kiirjsslba tcj bunejr gd8 stkrt-ups `lmjbsjs arkbtji tg rjalgbk` mgnpkbljs tjmcbg`galmk` ilssjnlbktlgb gr sjrvlmj lbbgvktlgb sjnlbkrs prgvliji ey

ublvjrslty pjrsgbbj` ublvjrslty stuijbts kbi tjkmcjrs p`kmji lb mgnpkbljs gb jxpjrt ksslabnjbts vgmktlgbk` trklblba `jssgbs alvjb.

=. Yg Euslbjssjs kbi Lbvjstgrs

=.; Ykflba pkrt lb mgbsu`tktlgb kbi ngbltgrlba jxjrmlsjs grakblsji ey rjalgbk`kutcgrltljs

=.5 Ykflba pkrt lb rjalgbk` euslbjss rjtjbtlgb strktjaljs

=.= Ykflba pkrt lb ejbmcnkrflba jxjrmlsjs ijilmktji tg lbbgvktlgb kbi sfl``s-bjjisnkbkajnjbt.

9. Yg K`` Fjy ]tkfjcgìjrs

9.; Tjrldylba tcj sg`lilty gd tcjlr pgsltlgb kbi rj`ktlgbs wltclb tcj mgnnjrmlk`lsktlgbjmgsystjn dgr bjw lijks.

9.5 Ejlba mgbstkbt`y gb tcj `ggf-gut dgr pgtjbtlk``y nkrfjtke`j lbbgvktlvj lijks.

9.= Nkstjrlba mrgss-sjmtgrk` mggpjrktlgb (lnpkmt gd fjy ajbjrlm tjmcbg`gay).

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Eurada Guide-s3 (2011)