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ETHICAL STANokos . , ~J American Personnel and Gui~Pte..::Au~~ron--

1607 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W.

Pr.embt. Tbl AmericaD P~ond and Gukl•na Alloda·

doD II m educational. ldaltlk llld prolalkDal orpabatlall d.edicated 1.0 eema to IOdefl. TbJI IU9ict .. amm!tted to prolowld t.alth In m. worth. diplcy, IDd rrut pocau.Ja11cy ol the lndMdual bUIIWI beiDa·

The mull crt I proladaD. Dd therdon crl I

profadoo.al orpnhatk'c, caD bt n&ted 11 lolloft: I. Poucsaloo of I bodJ ol fiJI""P'hed kaowtldp.

lkilll. IDd attitudcl t.nawn and pnctkld by lu membeD.

I. Thil bod-y of rpecialiud knowledge, lkJJh, IDd attituda il dcrlYed through Kimtiflc iDquirJ llld ICbollrly leaming.

1. Thia bod-y of speciall.zed know led~ VJlla, md attitudes Ia acquired through profeaiooal prepantion. prefcnbl-y 011 the graduate lncL In a ~ or uninnit-y u well u through rontinuoua ln-«nicz tnining aud pcncmal growth alia Clllll ·

pletion of formal education. .. nw body of tpeciallied knowledge. &Ill.&. llld

actkudes. b CDDltantly tested aud atcnded lhrouJb moeart.h IDd ICbolarly lDq Wr-y.

S. A profession bu a literature ot iu own. ~ !.hough il may, aud indeed must, draw portlalll ol I~ content from other areaa of knowledge.

6. A profession eulu ecrvicz to the lndtftd'llll aud eocicty aboft pcnooal gain. It ~ a pbilolopby and a mdc of cthia.

7. A profesaioa through lhc YOiunwy ..xis· tioD ot ita members CODIUntly aalldDa and iDiproYel me qu.alicy of lu protemkloal PftPC1tioD aod ICJ'ftce to the IDdmdual IDd aociety.

8.. Membership In tbc professional cwpniDtlon and !br practice oi lhc profession must be ll.mlted 10 peiloaa meeting Mated IIUDdudl ol prepuatioo aod rpmpetendca.

t. ; The prolc:saioo alordl a life career and per· ~t membership u klll8 11 aerYica !Dell ~ fadonal ~tandarda.

)(). The public r~ bu amfidmce in. aDd Ia wGllDg to compenaate the membcn of the pro-6ellkxl for their ller'rica.· ~ Asaadatlon rccognbel tbat the 'fOCitiooal

roles &Dd aettlngs ol lu membcn an: ldmliAed with I wide ftday of acadcmk dJidpJ..ioa aod lnell ol

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IQdcmk PftPUWGD. 'Jbb cSm:rJlay rdecu die pcnuf"fttmt cl tha .A.IIodat1on'• lDtcret IDd ID· luaK:e. 11 lllo PI*S cb~ mmpledtla ID doni CD c:ouccptuaHa:

L tbt chanct.ertltlo c4 memben; b. cle&1m1 ~ acqullka pnperatioo ar pncti«: md c. 11.1pponlaa aoda.L lql1 md/« ethical mntrola.

The llpedbdoD crt abkal IWJdanb enables the Aa:ldadDn 10 dutly to lllleD1llcn. fUa1re membcn,

- ., &bc:w ~ by IIIJe'll1bcn die natvrc cl Clhial ~ bdd ID C01DU1011 by . 1&1 .-11m. n. IDuoducliall clmdl IIIDdudl will lDtrilably

ldiiNJau ~ CZIIICIIJI "' a.mbcrl lor praake aDd PftJI&ntJoa .. pKtka. It wru abo llim!Uat.c • ~llcn.l pOWlh ad ldmdladoll wUb !IDd appn­dation for both lbe CXXIIIIIQC and dhenr c:21.uaac· t.ruo of the dcftr•ble 10L. wtchiD thr wadeS ol wort of A~uon m=ben.

T1crr 11 ..U. o;Daj'lf .Deal of paol.Cidaaal ~ wbkh roo.- ~oaaa ~ war\ cd membcn ot ~ for e2ch of ~ area <ZrUin ~ prlDdpkl U. lilled below 10 ICIW M pick liDes for cbka1 pracdca. TbeN Ult ~ by I FDft&l RCdoa wbicS lDduds caWn prilldplel ~ 10 lhe a - 11111 CIIIIIJDDII ., lbc auin wort o1 me AIN""1atkm ......._

Secti011 .4

e.. a I 1. The mm~bcr I!Z8'U wb.lt Influence be can to

foatcr the ~lopiiiCilt and improYemeut ol die profe!lioa IDd amrlnua till profc:saional potnh &broughout bb career .

2. Tbc mcmbcr hal a respomibilicy to che ID· nitutioo within whJch be acrYe~. Hil aazptaDCr of emplo-ymcut by thr innltutioD implies chat be il 1D auhlt&Dtla.J agrccmeDt wltb the gmeral policiea IDd priDciplel ol . the IDatitution.. 111erdorc, hil profesaloaal acthitia an abo In aa:ord wich die objrctiYea ol the l.natitution. Within tbe memtJp'• own wark actti115o U. dapiiC bil dlona. be caDDOC IPI:ICb ~l II to aa:cpublc tchial ~ of conduct witb 1\11 Nperion. be ~ld eDd hill dllatJoo with them.

1. '11M -ber mUM apea abJa1 bdlariar .IDOIII lUI pro'-'oaal -'ala Ill APGA a& aU IIIIa. He II obllpled. iD dtuadoal wbcre be - IDformatioD rallint eaioul doubt u 10 the thlAl behaYior ol otha -ben. 10 a&taDpt 10

ectify IUCb aJDdicioaa. 4. T1M -ber II obllpced 10 CDDCaD h'-11

lith the ckpee 10 whkb the .--oc1 fuDCtJaaa f --mcmbaa with whoee work be II IICiiuaiDced cpraau competmt and et.hlcaJ performucc. Vbcre hla l.alormatioo raiaa ~~:rioUI doubt u to be ethical behaYIDr ol auch paao01, It II bla re­ponaiblllty 10 attempt to rectify auch coadltioaa.

5. The member mUll DOt ecek adf-cahucemau hrough apn:al.af naluallooa or compariloaa :.magillg 10 other ethical prolcaloo.al work.en.

6. The member abould aot claim or imply pro­.tooal qualifiatiOOI aceedlng thoee ~ nd ia re:spo.Wblc for corm:ting uy miRcpraaua­lona ol hla qualllicalioDa by othcra. 7,. TI!C maaber proridlag ~~:mea far~

nauncratioa ahall, In atabllahlng lea loa- auch enica, take careful aaouat of the charJa made or !"'•parable eerrica by other prolaaioaal per· IIDL

I . The member who prorida iDformadoa 10

lac public: or to hla aubordlnata, peen. or aupert­n hu a dc:ar raponaiblllty to ICC that both the oateat and the manner of pracDtatioo ue ac· urate and appropriate to the aituatioa. t. The member hu aD obliptioa 10 enaure that

nluatiYe infon:aatloa about auch penona u clkall. tudeall. ud applicaata &ball be ahared ooly with boec penona who wiU UIC Ncb information for >rofeaional purpoeea.

10. The member ahaU · ~cr rot'· •~,. -nal aerY·

cea only, through the CDDtat of a proft-_ ional rcla· lonahip. ThUI testing. counseling. ud olber aerY·

:a are not 10 be proYided through the mail bv ~~:ana of newspaper or mapzine arllda. radio or :lcYiaioo programa, or public pcrfo~

Section B

CounHilft9 . Thla IC'Clioo refm to practica iDYOIYillg a CDUD·

eliD1 rdatlooab.ip with a cowudec or cllCDt and Ia 10t ilumdcd 10 be appllablc to practic:a inYOirinl dmlnillrative relationahlpa with the peraooa bdnl .elped. A CIK&DIIClillf relaliODihlp deDocea that the ,.,_ -=king help rcta.la · fuU freedom .ol choKe tad dcchioo and lbat the bdpl.af penoo hu ao tuthority or rcspo.Wbillty 10 approve or dlaap­>rove ot tbe cboica or deciaiona of the couDICiee or :Ilea'- " CouDIICice" or -cl.imt" ia Uled ben to ID·

licate the ~ (or ...-.> a wbca the -

ba ba --.1 a pr ,_.WI NlpODIIbWty. Typkally the __ ... or dial& II the iDdlftdual

willa wiMD the IDC!Dber ... direct and primary ClOD·

lacL Ho.-, at t1ma. -dlcat" may· l.aclude aa- · other ~ (•) wbm the otha pes-. (a) a.cn:ilc alpilcaDt CXIDU'CII and direcdaD Oftl' the IDd.ividual bc1Df bdpcd ID oon!M!CIIoa with the declaiooa and pluu beinl CIOtllldcnd lA --11"1

1. The aaaaba"' /1rlfN6r"J obllplloo II 10 re- · 1pect the IDtqrity and promote the welfare ol the couueJee or dlcal with whom he II worklq.

2. The CIJII'Decll,. relatlooablp and l.alormatloa rau:ltl.af daerefroaa mUll be kept CIOD4daalla:l aJD· alalcat with the oblipdooa ol the member u a prol.adooal pema.

s. llcconll ol the CDUIIIdlaa relationablp In· dudiD1 IDtcrYicw DOta, ICil data, conapondma:, tape rccordiDp. and other docwacau are to be coo­aidered prof..tooa:l lnfonaatioo tor UIC In coun· aeliDg. raearcb. aad tachlac ol couuelon but alwaya with fuU protecdoo ol the idaltity .ot tbe client and with precautioa 10 that ao hum wiU - . to b.iaa.

4. The coullldee or dlmt llhould be Informed ol the coodlllooa UDder which he may receive coua­ICliaf lllilt&IICIC at or befoce the lime be eaten the COUDidiog relallooahlp. Tbll .. partlcululy tniC

ID the even& lhal there alat CXIGdlti001 of which the couaxlec or cllCDt wou:ld Dot llkdy be aware..

5. The lllelllber rattYa the right 10 conault with uy other profcsaioDally competent per10D

about hla coUMClce d imt. In choosing hla profcs­aloo.al consu:ltanl the lllelllber mUll avoid placing the CODIUIIaDt iD a coa8ict of intttat lituatioa, iA., the CODiultant mUll be free of uy other obligatory relation 10 the member'• client that wou:ld preclude the consullaDt bcinf a proper pany lo the mem· bct'a dforu ta help the counselee or clienL

6. The maabct ahall dcc:line to Initiate or ahall tenaJnate a coullldlng relationahlp whm be can· DOt be of profaaioaal uaiauuwe 10 the counedee or dJeat either becaUIC ol lack of competcoce or pcr­aoaal limitatioD.. Ill auc.b inatanca the lllelllber abaU refer bll CIK&DIICice or client to an appropriate apcdal.ilt. Ill the neat the COUDICICC or cllCDt de­cliDea the augated referral, the member ia DOt ob­llptcd to aJDtiDUC the COWIICIIDg relatioGihlp.

7. When the member learqa from CDUDIICiiag re­lacJooabipa ol condillons wblcb· ue llkeiy 10 hanll olhen over wbom bla lnalltutloo or 11fCDCJ hu re­apoaalbWty. he II apected to repon 1114 condili011 10 the appropriate rapooalblc authority, but iD IIICb a IDIDDer u not to I'Cft&l the ldmtity of bla CIJII•DIIClee or dlmta.

L Ia the eYCDt lha& the con-Jee or cUcat'l Clotldilloo .. auc.b .. to requ:lrc olhen to -- .... apoodbWty &w Ilia. or whm eben II dar aad t.-

.._ c1aaa- to the coiiJ!Idec or cUiaa or 10

atbcn, the member II apected 10 report thla faa 10 aa appropriate I'CipOIIIiblc authority, and/or &aU eucb other wa-cy -rea u the lltu­tJoa dcmaada.

I. Sbould the member be mp,..S iD a wortt aa­W. whkb caUa for uy Yariatioo from the aboft -.-cn11. the ~ II obligated to ucertaln lha& IUCb Yariations ue juatifiable under the OOD·

dilloN aad that euch Yariationa ue dearly aped· lid lad made knowo 10 all concerned with auch couaacllaa ~~:niccL

Sectio11 C

Tnti119 1. The priauiry purpoee ol P'JchoJosical tating

Ia to proYide objective and comparative meaaura a ua In IICif-enluatioo or cnluatioo by otben ol general or apcciJic attribuLCL

2. Ceaeraily, tat rauJU CODIIiiUie only ODC ol a nriety ol pcnlnent data for penonod and au:Jd· aacc dec:la&ont. It Ia the member'a raponaibility 10

proYide adequate orinuatioo or Information to the eumiacc (1) 10 that tbe raulta of testing may be placed Ia proper penpective with other relevant facum.

S. Wbea maklnf aDJ atataaenu to the public about IC:Ita and tatiol care mUll be takm 10 give accurate lnformatloo and 10 aYoid uy fa.Jac claims or m.iaconccptiona.

4 DIJkn:at testa demand different Ieveii of competence fOr adminiatration, acorlng. and Inter· preution. It Ia therefore the raponaibility of the mcmbeT 10 recognUe the limita of hia competence and to perform only thOIIC funaiona which taU within bU prcparatioa ud competcaa.

5. In aclectlna IC:Ita for uac In a given altuation or with a particular climt the member mUll CDD• aider not only peni but abo apecilic validity, re­l:labWty, ud appropriataaeu of the test (a).

6. Tata abould be admiaiatercd under the ame CODdltJooa wblcb were eaubliabed In their atand· ard.hatioo. bc:cpt for raearcb pllrpOICI aplidlty lblted,. uy dcpanura from thae condltioaa. u wdl 11 uauaual be.barior or lrrqularitiea durint lhe 1e1tiof ...WO whkb may dca the lnterpreta· tJoo ol the tat rau:Jta, IDI.IIt be fuUy Doted aDd re­poned. Ill thil COGDCCtloa, UDIUperYiacd tat·tak· IDe or the UIC ol testa through the maila ue of q.-Jaaable Yaiue..

7. The Yalue ol paydlolosial 1e:1ta dcpenda iD put oo the amdty 10 periODI takina tbem. Any prior IDfol'mallon, coac.blog. or rcproducdoo of tat materiall LcDcb to lnYilldate test raulta. There­loft. tCit accurfty 11. ODC ol the profc-iODII obU· p~olthemaaber.

L The IIICIIIber U. the NlpODilbWty 10 ...._

die awaiDce (I) u 10 die purpoec o1 tCitlatl· nc criteria ol eumb.c'e wdfare and/or apllda priDr lladcntaad.inf with him ahould daerllliae wbo the reciplenta ol the tat rat!lta may be.

9. The IIICIIIber ahould guard apimc the ap­propriation. rcproductioo. or IDOdifiatlalle ol pu~ · Uahed tau or paru thereof without apaa per· · mlaaioo aad adequate realpltioo ol the anp.al . :author or publlaher.

Regarding the prcparati.oa, publication. and dll­ttibutioG ol IC:Ita refClCDCIC abould be aade 10:

"Tau aad Dlapcllllc Tecbniqua--llcport ol the joint Commiuce ol the American Ptyc» logical Alaodation, Americu Eduatiooal l.c­acarch Auociatlon, and Natlona:l Council ol Mcaauremcnta Ulcd in Educatloa. Supplaaau to P•ychologicol Bul!.lifl, 19S4, :Z, 1-a.

Sectio11 D

... . . R .. erch •nd Public:atiCMI

I. In the perfonaaou ol uy raeardl oa lllu· mao au bjecu, the member ml.llt a-.oid callllllt uy lnjurioua eftccta or after-dlecta ol the ~ upoo hiJ Nbjecta.

2. The member m::y withhold lnfwma&bt • provide misia.formadcn to aubjccta ooly "'- ll • CSKlti• l to rhe lnHitiption and where be ._ reiponsibility for corrective actioo foUowiDI the .. vesliption.

5. In rqx~ttlaa racarcb raulta, apllda -­tion mUll be made ol all Yariablca and cnoctllk-. Ulown 10 the intoatiptor which taipl dCCl law· pretatloa of the data.

•- The IIICIDber Ia raponsible for Clotlductiaa and rcportin1 bu ln•atiptiona 10 11 10 aainlmiat the JX*ibility that biJ findings will be mialeadl.af.

s. The IDctllber hu Ul obliplloo to make a..U-3blc origillal reearda data 10 qua116ed othaa who may wiab to replicate or ftrify the aucty. ·

6. Ill rqx~rting reacarcb raulta or ID matJac original data available. due care mUll be IUCD. 10

disguile the Identity ol the aubjecu. ID the at.ace of apccilic permluioo frGa aucb aubjcaa 10 do other· wile.

7. Ill cnoctuctlnr aDd repordDf .-.dl. the member llhould be familiar with, and pve recopi· Lioa co, prnioua wort oa the topic.

• • The -bcr hu the obllptioo 10 gift due acdit to tJaoac who bl'fe Clotltributcd aiplficaatly to hl. raearcb. In ~U:~C~Wdance with their COiltrlhudoaa.

9. The member bu the obl:lpdoo to hOD« CIDIIUDiuamta made to aubjccu of ICIC&Ida Ia re­turn lor lbefr cooperadoL

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10. 'Jbe ~ 11 apec:sed 10 caamwn~c:a~t to other IDCIDbal the rauJu of IDJ raeardl lw luclp LO lw al proleaioDal or ldmt16c ftJae.

Section E.

Comulting end Privete Practice Consulting refcn to a 'I"'luntary rcladooabip lw­

;wem a professional helper and belp-Dftdio& IOda1 1nit (industry, bwioess, achooL college. ctG.) m wbicb the COiliUitaot ia attempting lO si•c bdp to

the client io tbe eolviog of eomc current or potcll· tia1 problem. •

I. The member acting u ·a coamltml muat !lave a high degree of ~elf-awareness of hil own nl­Ue1 and needs in entering a helping rdatiolllbip ··· ~ ich involves chan~ in a IOCial unit.

2. There should be undent.andiog and ~ee·

nmt between consultant and client u to dire-ctionl )r goah of the attempted chanse.

~ . The consuhaoc must be: ~ably certain that he or bit organintioo hne the necesury akilla 1nd resour= for giving the kind of help which ia needed now or that may denlop late-r.

4. The coruulting nlatioruhip muaL he OM In which client adaptabiliry and growth towud eclf· lire-ctioo are c:ncoura~d and cultinced. nw COD·

IU!tant muse coruucently maintain hia role u a consulu.ot and not become a deciaion m.U.er for tl:w client.

5. The consultant io announcing hit aftilabll · ity for KTV'icc a.s a c0111uhant folloWI professioDal rathCT than COIDJilCTCial atandarch ir. ~ . ri ': ;ng hit ~emc:es with accuracy, dignity, and ·::. :..ic:::.

6. For private practice In letting. CO <lnse .i.n.g. or :oruulting the ethical prindplea stated io .all prc­rious sections of thia document are peninent. ln addition, any indiv1dual, agency, or lostitudoo of. !rrin~ educational and vocational couoxliog 10 the public sbould meet the standards of the American Board on Professional Su.ndarda ill Vocatiooal CouDKiing. Inc.

Section F

Personnel Administration J. The mem bc:r iJ responsible for C~UbliabUIJ

working agrreroc:nu with aupc:nrison Uld with sub­ordinates eapecially. regarding counaeling or dint· cal r~Lationships. confidentiality, dbtinctii>D be­lW«'D public and private material, usd a mutual

• Thi• definition il ad3ptrd from wDimcosiom of the Conaultaot'l job" by Ronald Lippitt, Tit• }uu"'Gl of Sociol lssv.s, Val. XV, No. 2. 1959.

ft:Specl lor the pltJoal al pude llmlhCl Ill ... --. I. Such worl.ln; ~ 1D1J wuy 8ID -

lnAJtutloa.al teU.Io& to &DOdla. What lbaal4 .. the cue m each lnataDI%. bo1rncr, ta that .,.. mana hue 'heal lpCdfied. made tDOW1l • ~ c:ooc:emed, mel wbalna pc*fble &be '1-• rdlect inldnnJoaal policy ralber &ba ,a.mJ judgmeuL

S. The member'• rcapondblllty LO hJI ~ requira that he keep them awve of CDGdltioal 81· lectlng the lnstirution, particularly thole wldch may be: potentially dbrupting or damagtDJ Ul &be inatit u tian.

4. The member baa a resporuibility 10 Idea competent pel"IODI lor aaigoed reponsibllitla mel lO are that hil personnel arc UJCd mni ... lly b the aiJI!J and apcrlencr th~ ~

.5. The member ;.u respon.slbillty lor COOit&Dtly st imulating his ttalf for their and hla own cooda· urd growth and improvement. He mllll - thal atalf memben arc ad~uatdy N~bed M to the _quality of their functioning and for pu~ o(

professional dnelopme11L 6. Th~ member is repooalble for ~ that

his ltall is inlon:ned of polida. pla. aDd p~ J(J':&IDI toward which the ckpanmau'a o~ arc oriented.

Section G

Prepwation for Personnel Work 1. The mCJDbcr ID cbatJt ol u.in1ng au up a

llrong prognm of acadmdc Rudy and IUpCnUed practlce In order lO prepare the trainees lor thdr future repoOiibllit.lea.

2. The training prognm abould aim to ckYelop ID the tramee not only lki1b and knowledp. bat alia ad(·uDdenr.anding.

S. The member should be awve al UIT mlllli· lesu.ti0111 of pcnonal limJu.tion~ m a IlNdau trainee which may influma: the Iauer'• prcm.lon of competent leTYicel and lwt an obligatJcro to olkr usistance to the tninft io ~~CUring profe:sdoDal remedial bdp.

4. The training progBJD ahould Include prep­antioo in research and ttimularion lor the fur:ure personnel worker 10 do research and add LO the bowled~ in hia &eld.

5. The training progBJD ahould make tbe trainee aware ol the ethic::al respondbilltJa IDd .undarda of the profession he ia entering.

6. The piogram ol preparation ahould a at incu!atlng among the trainees, who will later lw­oome the practilionen ot our profetDoo. lbe kSea1 oi aeniu to iDdlvldual aDd IDdety abmc ~ pJD.

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