Energy Smart Technologies InsightResearch Agenda and ExamplesFebruary 2010

© Bloomberg New Energy Finance, 2004-2010

[1v9.01]

Energy Smart Technologies Team

Energy Smart Technologies: Research Agenda ExamplesEnergy Efficiency

• High-temperature superconductors• Key future developments• Industry map

• Heat pumps• Key factors driving uptake / barriers• Country-specific analyses

• Waste heat recovery

Digital Energy

• Smart grid White Paper• Demand response markets

• Value chain, roles and players• Market structure, sizes and growth

• Home energy management• Stimulus fund flows• Evidence on consumer engagement• European smart metering

2

Advanced Transportation

• Electric vehicles:• Key product launches 2010• Value chain analysis• Public markets opportunities

• Traction batteries:• Chinese manufacturers• Lithium battery cathode materials

• Fuel cell vehicles

Power Storage

• Flywheel storage• Technology, business models, investment

trends, regulatory issues• US electricity markets & storage

• How storage fits into the market• Regulatory barriers and solutions to

adoption• Other technologies, batteries, fuel cells

Digital Energy: Demand Response Study

ConsumerService

ProviderTechnology

Provider Reseller Purchaser

Plays a supporting role by enabling participation and implementation of

demand response programs

Suppliers of demand response capacity

Middle-menEnd users of demand

response capacity

3

C&I customers

Residential

EnerNOC

ComVerge

Baltimore Gas & Electric

ERCOT

Cooper Power Systems

Ziphany

Skipping Stone

Conservation Resource Solutions

• Energy audits• Measurement &

verification• Reseller selection• Program design

• Interval metering• Concentrators• Web servers• Software platforms• Communications

• Supplies capacity to reseller or purchaser

• Participates in incentive or price-based programs

• Primary goal is to buy and sell demand response

• Function as aggregators• Single point of contact for

purchasers

• Obtains demand response from reseller or consumer

• Ensures grid stability

Digital Energy: Consumer Response to Dynamic Tariffs

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

% Peak load reduction in pilot study

4

0

5

10

15

Sydney Colorado Baltimore Washington

DC

Ontario New Jersey Missouri

CPP with automation Critical peak pricing (CPP) Time of use (TOU)

Digital Energy: 2009 ARRA Smart Grid Stimulus

0.3

0.1

0.1

Transmission Systems

Customer Systems

Equipment Manufacturing

Battery:

Battery: Sodium-ion

3%

Battery: Lead

carbon1%

Smart Grid Investment Grants ($bn)Smart Grid Demo Projects: Power Storage Technologies

5

5.2

2.0

0.5

0.3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Integrated / Cross-cutting

AMI

Distribution Systems

Transmission Systems

Stimulus award Private investment

CAES32%

Battery: Li-ion

20%

Flow batteries

17%

Flywheel15%

Battery: Unknown

12%

Total = $185m

Power Storage:Technologies by power, energy and relative size

Fuel

Cells

1000

100

10

Energy Density (Wh/kg)

Ultracapacitors

Flywheels

CAESVa-R

NaSLi - ion

Pb-A

ZnBr

NiCd

Power Quality

Energy

6

0.0

1

1

0.1

Energy Density (Wh/kg)

Ultracapacitors

Capacitor

10 100001

Pumped Hydro

Power Denisty (W/kg)1000100

Power Density (W/kg)

Energy Management

Notes: CAES = compressed air energy storage; ZnBr = Zinc Bromide flow battery; PbA = lead acid; VaR = Vanadium redox flow battery; Li – ion = lithium ion; NaS = sodium sulfur; NiCd – nickel cadmium.

Power Storage:Worldwide Grid-Scale Power Storage Capacity

1000

10000

100000

1000000

MW, log scale

7

1

10

100

1000

Pumped

hydro

CAES NaS Flow

batteries

Flywheels PbA Ni-Cad Li-ion

Planned / proposed Installed

Energy Efficiency:Capabilities of High-Temperature Superconductors

8

Energy Efficiency:High-Temperature Superconductors Value Chain

9

Advanced Transportation:Chinese power battery companies by main chemistry

30

40

50

60No. companies

Source: Bloomberg New Energy FinanceCompanies are listed by start-date, but their top present-day power battery chemistry is used to determine their category, even if they were previously focused on another technology.

0

10

20

1982 1984 1986 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

Lithium Nickel Lead-Acid

Advanced Transportation:CO2 emissions of selected vehicles

0.18

0.19

0.19

0.30

Chevy Volt - 40+ miles

Toyota Prius

Tesla Roadster

Toyota Corolla

0.15

0.17

0.17

0.18

Nissan Leaf

Chevy Volt - sub 40 miles

Chevy Volt - overall

Chevy Volt - 40+ miles

CO2 Emissions (tonne/1000 miles)

Note: Based on CO2 intensities of standard gasoline and of average US electricity generation. Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance

Advanced Transportation:Penetration of EVs in the European car fleet

150

200

250

300

350

ICEV

12

0

50

100

150

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

PHEV

BE

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance. ICEV = Internal combustion engine vehicle, BEV = Battery electric vehicle, PHEV = Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

Advanced Transportation and Carbon Markets: Change in EU ETS BAU emissions resulting from EVs, 2030

3,116

64

-14-13

3,153

3,100

3,120

3,140

3,160

3,180

3,200

13

3,000

3,020

3,040

3,060

3,080

3,100

Base case EV power baseload

Load smoothing

Refinery reduction

Base with EV

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance Note: High growth in electric vehicle numbers assumed

Energy Smart Technologies Insight

Bloomberg New Energy Finance

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