Essential Medicines List for East Timor Complete List · Daftar obat-obatan esensial ini berdasarkan daftar obat-obatan esensial yang asli yang disiapkan untuk Timor Leste pada tahun

REPUBLICA DEMOCRATICA DE TIMOR LESTE (RDTL)

MINISTERIO DA SAUDE

Essential Medicines List for East Timor Complete List

2nd Issue

August 2004

Ministerio da Saude, Republica Democratica de Timor Leste (RDTL) With introductory notes by HE Dr. Rui Maria de Araujo, Minister of Health,

The original list was prepared in 2001 with the staff of the Ministry of Health and written by: Prof. Graham Dukes Euro Health Group Advisor, and Ms Heather Moore Pharmacist A first issue was prepared in August 2003. This list was revised on the 22nd and23rd of July 2004 in 2 meetings in the National Hospital and the Ministry of Health and edited by Mr. Fabian Kong, Pharmacy Advisor Ministry of Health, Dr. Ruediger Kilian, Pharmacy Advisor SAMES and Gerrit Weeda Management Advisor AMSS, East Timor The new EML 2004 was used to revise the SAMES catalogue which is issued together with the Essential Medicines List. Special thanks go to the Medical Consultative Council of the Guido Valadares National Hospital, and the district staff that came to discuss the list on the 23rd of July and the many other contributors who spent their (often free) time to revise this list. The EML is the precursor for the revised Standard Treatment Guidelines.

Foreword by the Minister of Health, Introduction to the Essential Medicines List for East Timor (August 2004) After using the Essential Medicines List (2003) for one year, this revision is based on the practical experience gained until now. The technical revision of the list was discussed on the 22nd of July 2004 with the Medical Consultative Council from the National Hospital and the vertical programs operating in East Timor, (TB / IMCI /Nurses training program / EPI / UNFPA / Mental Health). The next day this revision was discussed with the staff of all medical districts in East Timor. Substantial guidance from the WHO country office was received. Again the list was tested on the generic availability of the medicines to keep the prices as low as possible to fit the national budget. System of the East Timor Essential Medicine List. Again the format of the WHO Model List was adopted. All medicines are entered by their therapeutic group and then listed alphabetically. For each medicine all required formulations are listed, e.g. injection, oral suspension, tablets, etc. in the available strength. Added is the level on which each single formulation may be used, these are: Level 1 Health Post, and all higher levels, Level 2 CHC without beds and generally no doctor in place, and all higher levels, Level 3-4 CHC with beds and doctor in charge, and higher levels, Level H Referral (Dili National. Baucau, Maliana, Oecussi and Suai) Hospitals, Level Sp For Specialist use ONLY by specialist in his special field of competence. Leveling is important as it the base of the referral system. The “higher” units should not receive patients that have already been given all the medicines mentioned in the list (whether administered rightly or wrong), or medicines that should be given only after certain investigations have been completed (laboratory, X-ray etc.). Each level presumes a certain competence and staff should not exceed their level, even when in certain cases an individual would have the training and ability to prescribe that medicine. Special arrangements for the distribution and storing of these medicines

Attention!

1 You will notice an entry E on level 1 and 2 This means “EMERGENCY tray. • Under the guidance of the Nurse Training Program and the IMCI a great number of

nurses in level 2 and 3 are now able to start severely ill patients immediately on a treatment while referring them to a higher level 3-4 or H.

• The medicines may NOT be used for general treatment at the level 1 or 2, but are only reserved for these cases of emergency.

Where the nurses are sufficiently trained they will receive small quantities of E-Medicines for the above purposes from the district, they will not be available to Health posts or CHC’s where the nurse has not been trained yet. 2 Medicines on the supplementary list for Specialists.

The special competence of our specialists warrants that a number of specialist medicines are availed to them. Former arrangements however went wrong since other staff (non-specialist) would get hold of these medicines and use them freely, thus destroying the whole principle of referral and using expensive medicines, where cheap ones could have been used. The Specialists are responsible for timely ordering of sufficient stocks for their use from the SAMES through their Hospital Pharmacy. A half year’s supply as indicated on the special order form is advised. These medicines will be bought by the SAMES and distributed straight to the specialists concerned, who will be in charge of their keeping and their wise use. Again, staff needs to abide to the presumed level of competence and refer patients to the higher level instead of trying to get hold of the medicines that are meant to be at higher level Cost considerations The list has been prepared with the interest of patients and the costs of treatment in mind. Please remember at all times that only in obvious cases no injections or suspensions should be given when the patient can take the tablet or capsule form. • Injections are generally 3 to 5 times more expensive per treatment than tablets and

capsules, • Suspensions are generally 5 to 7 times more expensive. Do not give in to patient pressure too easily. Rational Drug Use Prescriptions that have more than 2 or 3 lines of medicines are suspect, sometimes good advice only to a patient is the best medicine. Remember that the first advice given to all medical staff is “do no harm”. If you are not able to diagnose a patient’s problem because you do not have the right facilities available (laboratory etc.) refer the patient instead of giving 8 to 10 medicines in the hope that one or two may work. Be careful in the use of antibiotics. All over the world resistance builds up against the most effective and cheap antibiotics because of over- or wrong use. When you need to give remember to advice the patient to take the full course, as partially taking is an important reason for the resistance. We wish you success with the use of this new essential medicines list for East Timor. Dr. Rui Maria de Araujo, Minister of Health.

Kata Pengantar dari Menteri Kesehatan, Pengantar untuk Daftar Obat-obatan Esensial Timor Leste (revisi Juli 2003) Daftar obat-obatan esensial ini berdasarkan daftar obat-obatan esensial yang asli yang disiapkan untuk Timor Leste pada tahun 1999 dan direvisi sesuai dengan Model Daftar WHO terbaru (April 2003) untuk obat-obatan esensial. Sejauh masih mungkin formulasi-formulasi dan informasi-informasi yang terdaftar di sini diadopsi. Oleh karena itu daftar ini sangat mirip dengan daftar dari negara lain yang mengadopsi kebijakan obat-obatan esensial. Sebagai tambahan untuk revisi teknis, daftar ini didiskusikan bersama dengan Badan Konsultatif Medis dari Rumah Sakit Nasional dan semua program vertical yang sedang beroperasi di Timor Leste., (TBC/IMCI/program pelatihan perawat-perawat/ EPI / UNFPA / Kesehatan Mental). Bimbingan substansial dari kantor WHO di negara ini pun diterima. Akhirnya daftar ini diuji berdasarkan ketersediaan generik dari obat-obatan untuk menentukan harga obat-obatan serendah mungkin agar sesuai dengan budget / dana nasional. System dari Daftar Obat-obatan Esensial Di sini juga format Model Daftar WHO disesuaikan. Obat-obatan ini dimasukkan berdasarkan kelompok terapeutik dan tersusun secara alfabetis. Untuk setiap obat, semua formulasi yang tersedia dimasukkan dalam daftar, seperti injeksi, oral suspension, tablet dengan dosis yang tersedia. Ditambahkan juga dengan level-level dimana setiap formulasi tunggal itu boleh digunakan., Level-level itu adalah: Level 1 Health Post, dan semua level yang lebih tinggi Level 2 CHC tanpa tempat tidur dan dokter, dan semua level yang lebih tinggi. Level 3-4 CHC dengan tempat tidur dan dokter, dan semua level yang lebih tinggi Level H Rumah Sakit referral (Nasional Dili, Baucau, Maliana, Oecusse dan Suai) Level Sp Hanya digunakan oleh Spesialis dalam bidang kompetensinya Penentuan level sangat penting karena ini adalah dasar untuk system rujukan, unit-unit yang lebih tinggi tidak boleh menerima pasien yang sudah menerima semua obat yang tertulis dalam daftar (entah diberikan dengan benar atau tidak), atau obat-obatan yang harus diberikan hanya setelah dilakukannya diagnosis tertentu (laboratorium, X-Ray dll.). Setiap level ditetapkan berdasarkan kompetensi tertentu dan staff tidak boleh menulis resep melebihi levelnya, bahkan ketika dalam kasus tertentu seperti seorang individu sudah melakukan pelatihan dan punya kemampuan untuk menulis resep obat tersebut. Persiapan khusus untuk distribusi dan penyimpanan obat-obatan tersebut dalam gudang Perhatian! 1. Anda akan melihat sebuah entry E pada level 1 dan 2 Ini berarti “EMERGENSI”. Di bawah bimbingan Program Pelatihan Perawat dan IMCI, banyak perawat level 2 dan 3 yang sekarang mulai langsung menangani pasien dengan penyakit berat dalam pengobatan sambil merujuk ke level 3-4 atau H. Obat-obatan itu TIDAK boleh digunakan untuk pengobatan umum pada level 1 atau 2, tetapi hanya sebagai cadangan untuk kasus-kasus emergensi. Di tempat mana ada perawat yang mendapat pelatihan cukup, mereka akan menerima obat-obatan E dalam jumlah yang sedikit untuk tujuan seperti tersebut di atas dari distrik, obat-obatan itu tidak akan tersedia untuk Health Post atau CHC di mana para perawat belum mendapat pelatihan.

2 Obat-obatan dalam daftar tambahan untuk para Spesialis Kompetensi khusus dari para spesialist kita mengatakan bahwa ada sejumlah obat-obatan untuk spesialist yang tersedia bagi mereka. Penyediaan yang dulu, berjalan tidak benar sejak staff yang lain (bukan spesialist) mulai menyimpan obat-obatan itu dan menggunakannya dengan bebas, yang kemudian merusak seluruh prinsip dari rujukan dan menggunakan obat-obatan yang mahal, dimana yang murah sudah habis terpakai. Oleh karena itu obat-obatan itu akan dibeli oleh AMSS dan didistribusikan langsung ke Spesialist bersangkutan, yang akan bertanggung jawab akan pergudangan mereka dan penggunaannya yang bijaksana dan kemudian menginformasikan kepada AMSS secara reguler dan tepat waktu ketika mereka membutuhkan lagi. (dan berapa jumlah yang diinginkan).

Sekali lagi, staff perlu memperhatikan level kompetensi yang sudah ditentukan dan merujuk pasien ke level yang lebih tinggi daripada mencoba mengikatkan diri dengan obat-obatan yang dimaksudkan untuk level yang lebih tinggi.

Pertimbangan Biaya Daftar ini sudah dipersiapkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pasien dan perkiraan biaya pengobatan.

Tolong diingat sepanjang waktu bahwa tidak boleh memberikan injeksi atau suspension ketika pasien dapat diberi resep dengan tablet atau kapsul.

• Harga injeksi pada umumnya 3 sampai 5 kali lebih mahal dalam setiap pengobatan daripada tablet dan kapsul

• Suspension umumnya 4 hingga 7 kali lebih mahal. Jangan memberikan pasien tekanan dengan begitu mudahnya. Penggunaan Rasional Obat-obatan Penulisan resep yang terdiri dari 2 atau 3 baris obat-obatan adalah mencurigakan, kadang-kadang hanya dengan nasehat yang baik kepada seorang pasien adalah obat yang terbaik. Ingatlah bahwa nasehat pertama yang diberikan kepada semua staff medis adalah “jangan melakukan yang membahayakan”. Jika Anda tidak mampu melakukan diagnosis terhadap penyakit seorang pasien karena Anda tidak memiliki fasilitas yang benar (laboratorium dll.), rujuklah pasien itu daripada memberikan 8 hingga 10 obat dengan harapan satu atau dua dari obat itu dapat menyembuhkan. Hati-hatilah dengan penggunaan antibiotik. Di seluruh dunia kasus resisten terhadap obat-obatan yang sangat efektif dan murah, disebabkan karena penggunaan yang salah dan melebihi dosis. Ketika Anda mengingatkan pasien untuk meminum setengah dari obat-obatan yang ada adalah satu alasan penting untuk resisten. Semoga berhasil dengan penggunaan daftar obat-obatan esensial baru untuk Timor Leste. Dr. Rui Maria de Araujo, Menteri Kesehatan.

Therapeutic classification represented in the Essential Medicines List for East Timor. CLASS PAGE 1. Anaesthetics 3 1.1. General aneasthetics and oxygen 3 1.2. Local anaesthetics 3 1.3. Preoperative medication and sedation for short term procedures 3 2. Analgesics, Antipyretics, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs),

Medicines used to treat gout and disease modifying agents in rheumatoid disorders 4

2.1. Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines 4 2.2. Opioid analgesics 4 2.3. Medicines to treat gout 4 3. Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis 4 4. Antidotes and other substances used in poisoning 5 5. Anticonvulsants / Antiepileptics 5 6. Anti-infective medicines 6 6.1. Anthelmintics 6 6.1.1. Intestinal anthelminthics 6 6.1.2. Antifilarials 6 6.1.3. Antischistosomals and antitrematode medicines 6 6.2. Antibacterials 6 6.2.1. Beta Lactam medicines 6 6.2.2. Other antibacterials 7 6.2.3. Antileprosy medicines 8 6.2.4. Antituberculosis medicines 9 6.3. Antifungal medicines 9 6.4 Antivirals 9 6.4.1. Antiherpes medicines 9 6.4.2. Antitetrovirals 9 6.4.2.1 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 10 6.4.2.2 Non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 10 6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors 10 6.4.2.4 Antiinfectives for complications of HIV/Aids 10 6.5. Antiprotozoal medicines 11 6.5.1. Antiamoebic and antigardiasis medicines 11 6.5.3. Antimalarial medicines 11 7. Antimigraine medicines 12 8. Antineoplastic, immunosuppressives, medicines used in palliative care 12 9. Antiparkinsonism medicines 13 10. Medicines affecting the blood 13 10.1. Antianaemia medicines 13 10.2. Medicines affecting the coagulation 13 11. Blood products and plasma substitutes 14 12. Cardiovascular medicines 14 12.1. Antianginal medicines 14 12.2. Antiarrhythmic medicines 14 12.3. Antihypertensive medicines 14 12.4. Medicines used in heart failure 15

13. Dermatological medicines (topical) 15 13.1. Antifungal medicines 15 13.2. Anti-infective medicines 15 13.3. Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines 16 13.5. Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation 16 13.6. Scabicides and pediculides 16 14. Diagnostic agents 16 14.1. Ophthalmic medicines 16 14.2. Radiocontrast media 16 15. Disinfectants and antiseptics 17 16. Diuretics 17 17. Gastrointestinal medicines 18 17.1 Antacids and other antiulcer medicines 18 17.2. Antiemetic medicines 18 7.3. Antihaemorrhoidal medicines 18 17.4. Anti-inflammatory medicines 18 17.5. Antispasmodic medicines 18 17.6 Laxatives 19 17.7. Medicines used in diarrhoea 19 18. Hormones, other endocrine medicines and contraceptives 20 18.3. Contraceptives 20 18.4. Estrogens 20 18.5. Insulins and other antidiabetic agents 20 18.6. Ovulation inducers 21 18.7. Progestogens 21 18.8. Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines 21 19. Immunologicals 21 19.1. Sera and Immunoglobulins 21 19.3. Vaccines 22 20. Muscle relaxants (peripherically acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors 22 21. Ophthalmic preparations 23 21.1. Anti-infective agents 23 21.2. Anti-inflammatory agents 23 21.3. Local anaesthetics 23 21.4. Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines 23 21.5. Mydriatics 23 21.A Topical nasal decongestants 23 22. Oxytocics and antioxytocics 24 24. Psychotherapeutic medicines 24 24.1. Medicines used in psychotic disorders 24 24.2. Medicines used in mood disorders 24 24.3. Medicines used in generalized anxiety and sleep disorders 25 25. Medicines acting on the respiratory tract 25 25.1. Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmanory disease 25 25.2. Expectorants 25 26. Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances 26 27. Vitamins and minerals 27

Essential Medicines List- Complete List August 2004-version

E = Emergency Tray X* = this drug can be ordered on special request

Price

Indicator

Level

1

Level

2

Level

3/4

Hospital Specialist

1. ANAESTHETICS

1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen

halothane Inhalation M X

Ketamine** injection, 50 mg (as hydrochloride)/ml in 10-ml vial S X X

oxygen inhalation (medicinal gas) M X X

thiopental powder for injection 1g (sodium salt) in ampoule S X

1.2 Local anaesthetics

bupivacaine injection, 0.5% (hydrochloride) in 20-ml vial S X

bupivacaine injection for spinal anaesthesia, 0.5% (hydrochloride)in 80 mg/ml glucose solution in 4-ml ampoule S X

ephedrine injection, 30 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 1-ml ampoule X

lidocaine injection, 2 % (hydrochloride) in vial S X X X X

lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline) dental cartridge 2% (hydrochloride) + epinephrine 1: 80 000 S X X

lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline) injection 2% (hydrochloride)+ epinephrine 1: 100 000 in vial S X X

Supplementary List (procured only by specialist’s request; not generally available)

lidocaine topical spray, 4% (hydrochloride) in 50 ml M X X

phenylephrine Injection, 10mg (as hydrochloride)/ml in 1-ml ampoule M X

1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

atropine injection, 1 mg (sulfate) in 1-ml ampoule S E E X X

Diazepam** injection, 5 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule (intravenous or rectal) S E E X X

Diazepam** Scored tablet 2mg, 5 mg S X X

Morphine*** injection, 10 mg (sulfate or hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule M X X

promethazine syrup, 5 mg (hydrochloride)/5ml M X X

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Hospital Specialist

2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICINES (NSAIMs), MEDICINES USED TO TREAT GOUT AND DISEASE MODIFYING AGENTS IN RHEUMATOID DISORDERS (DMARDs)

2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)

acetylsalicylic acid tablet, 300 mg S X X X X

ibuprofen tablet, 400 mg S X X X X

paracetamol * suppository, 125 mg L X X

paracetamol * syrup, 120 mg/5ml M X X X X

paracetamol * tablet, 500 mg S X X X X

paracetamol * * not recommended for anti-inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect

2.2 Opioid analgesics

codeine *** tablet, 30 mg (phosphate) M X X

morphine *** injection, 10 mg in 1-ml ampoule (sulfate or hydrochloride) M X X

Tramadol** tablet or capsule, 50 mg (hydrochloride) M X X

Tramadol** injection, 50 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml ampoule L X X


Fentanyl*** injection, 50mcg (as citrate)/ml, 2ml ampoule XL X

2.3 Medicines used to treat gout

Allopurinol tablet, 100 mg M X X


Diclofenac Sodium tablet, 50 mg L X

Colchicine tablet, 500 mcg L X

3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

Dexamethasone injection, 4 mg dexamethasone phosphate (as disodium salt) in 1-ml M X X

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Price

Indicator

Level

1

Level

2

Level

3/4

Hospital Specialist

Dexamethasone tablet, 4 mg S X X

epinephrine / adrenaline injection, 1 mg (as hydrochloride or hydrogen tartrate) in 1-ml ampoule M E E X X

hydrocortisone powder for injection, 100 mg (as sodium succinate) in vial M E E X X

prednisolone * tablet, 5 mg, 25mg

* there is no evidence for complete clinical similarity between prednisolone and dexamethasone at high

doses.

S X X

promethazine tablet, 25 mg (as hydrochloride) S X X X X

promethazine * injection, 25 mg (as hydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml ampoule

*for premedication and treatment of anaphylactic reactions only

M E E X X

4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONING

4.1 Non-specific

charcoal, activated powder for oral suspension, bottle, 50g L E E X X

4.2 Specific


calcium gluconate injection, 100 mg/ml in 10-ml ampoule M E E X X

naloxone injection, 400 micrograms (hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule L X X

5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS

carbamazepine scored tablet, 200 mg M X X

Diazepam** injection, 5 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule (intravenous or rectal) S E E X X

Diazepam** scored tablet, 2mg , 5 mg S X X

magnesium sulfate* injection, 500mg/ml in 10-ml ampoule

* for use in eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia and not for other convulsant disorders; available for

trained midwives.

M E E X X

Phenobarbital** elixir, 15 mg/5ml L X X

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Indicator

Level

1

Level

2

Level

3/4

Hospital Specialist

Phenobarbital** injection, 100 mg (sodium salt)/ml in 2 ml ampoule M X X

Phenobarbital** tablet, 30 mg S X X

phenytoin injection, 50 mg/ml in 5-ml vial (sodium salt) M X X

phenytoin tablet, 100 mg (sodium salt) S X X

valproic acid enteric coated tablet, 200 mg (sodium salt) L X X

6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES

6.1 Anthelminthics

6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics

albendazole chewable scored tablet, 400 mg S X X X X

praziquantel tablet, 600 mg L X*

pyrantel chewable tablet, 250 mg (as embonate) M X X X X

pyrantel oral suspension, 50 mg (as embonate)/ml L X X X X

6.1.2 Antifilarials

diethylcarbamazine tablet, 50 mg (dihydrogen citrate) S X


ivermectin scored tablet, 3 mg M X

6.1.3 Antischistosomals and antitrematode medicines

praziquantel tablet, 600 mg L X*

6.2 Antibacterials

6.2.1 Beta Lactam medicines

amoxicillin scored tablet, 500mg (anhydrous) S X X X X

amoxicillin powder for oral suspension, 125 mg (anhydrous)/5 ml S X X X X

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Price

Indicator

Level

1

Level

2

Level

3/4

Hospital Specialist

ampicillin powder for injection, 1 g (as sodium salt) in vial L E E X X

benzathine benzylpenicillin powder for injection, 1.8g vial (equivalent to 1.44g benzylpenicillin, 2.4 million IU) in 5-ml vial M X X

benzylpenicillin powder for injection, 600 mg (= 1 million IU) vial M X X

benzylpenicillin powder for injection, 3 g (= 5 million IU) vial M X X

ceftriaxone powder for injection, 1g (as sodium salt) in vial L X X

cloxacillin Scored tablet, 250 mg (as sodium salt), (for staphylococcal infections only) M X X X X

cloxacillin injection, 500 mg (as sodium salt), (for staphylococcal infections only) M X X

cloxacillin oral solution, 125 mg (as sodium salt)/5ml,

(for staphylococcal infections only)

M X X X X

phenoxymethylpenicillin Scored tablet, 250mg S X X X X

procaine benzylpenicillin powder for injection, 1 g (=1 million IU) in vial S X X

procaine benzylpenicillin powder for injection, 3 g (=3 million IU) in vial S X X X X


amoxicillin + clavulanic acid tablet, 500 mg + 125 mg XL X

6.2.2 Other antibacterials

azithromycin Tablet, 500mg (as dihydrate) M X X X X

chloramphenicol scored tablet 250 mg S X X

chloramphenicol oral suspension, 150 mg (as palmitate)/5 ml L X X

chloramphenicol powder for injection, 1 g (sodium succinate) in vial M E E X X

ciprofloxacin tablet 250 mg (as hydrochloride) L X X X X

co-trimoxazol

(sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)

oral suspension, 200 mg + 40 mg/5 ml M X X X X

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Hospital Specialist

co-trimoxazol Scored tablet, 400 mg + 80 mg S X X X X

doxycycline capsule or tablet, 100 mg (hydrochloride) M X X X X

erythromycin scored tablet, 250 mg (as ethyl succinate) M X X X X

erythromycin powder for oral suspension, 125 mg (as ethyl succinate)/5 ml L X X X X

gentamicin injection, 40 mg (as sulfate)/ml in 2-ml vial S E E X X

metronidazole injection, 500 mg in 100-ml vial M X X

metronidazole oral suspension, 125 mg (as benzoate)/5 ml M X X X X

metronidazole scored tablet, 250 mg S X X X X

nalidixic acid Scored tablet, 500 mg M X X X X


clindamycin capsule, 150 mg L X

vancomycin powder for injection, 250 mg (as hydrochloride) in vial XL X

6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

Medicines used in the treatment of leprosy should never be used except in combination. Combination therapy is essential to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. Colour coded blister packs (MDT blister packs) containing standard two

medicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or three medicine (multibacillary leprosy) combinations for adult and childhood leprosy should be used. MDT blister packs can be supplied free of charge through WHO.

clofazimine capsule, 50 mg WHO X X

dapsone tablet, 50 mg WHO X X

prednisolone tablet, 5 mg, 25mg WHO X X

rifampicin capsule or tablet, 150 mg WHO X X

6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

ethambutol tablet, 400 mg (hydrochloride) M X X

isoniazid + ethambutol tablet, 150 mg + 400 mg M X X

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Price

Indicator

Level

1

Level

2

Level

3/4

Hospital Specialist

pyrazinamide tablet, 400 mg M X X

rifampicin + isoniazid tablet, 150 mg + 75 mg M X X

rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide +

ethambutol

tablet, 150 mg + 75mg + 400mg + 275mg M X X


streptomycin powder for injection, 1 g (as sulfate) in vial M X

6.3 Antifungal medicines

clotrimazole Vaginal pessary, 500 mg plus applicator M X X X X

griseofulvin scored tablet, 500 mg M X X

nystatin suspension, 100 000 IU/ml L X X X X

nystatin tablet, 500 000 IU M X X

6.4 Antivirals

6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines

AcicloviR Tablet, 200mg XL X X

6.4.2 Antiretrovirals

Adequate resources and specialist oversight are a pre-requisite for the introduction of this class of drugs. The antiretroviral drugs do not cure the HIV infection, they only temporarily suppress viral replication and improve

symptoms. They have various adverse effects and patients receiving these drugs require careful monitoring by adequately trained health professionals. For these reasons, continued rigorous promotion of measures to prevent new

infections is essential and the need for this has not been diminished in any way by the addition of antiretroviral drugs to the Model List. Adequate resources and trained health professionals are a prerequisite for the introduction of

this class of drugs. Effective therapy requires commencement of three or four drugs simultaneously, and alternative regimens are necessary to meet specific requirements at start-up, to substitute for first-line regimens in the case of

toxicity, or to replace failing regimens. .

The Committee strongly recommends the use of three- or four-drug combinations as specifically recommended in the WHO treatment guidelines. The use of fixed dose preparations for these combinations is also recommended,

with assured pharmaceutical quality and interchangeability with the single products as approved by the relevant drug regulatory authority.

THESE DRUG REQUIRE MINISTRY APPROVAL FOR EVERY OCCASION OF USE WITH TECHNICAL ADVICE FROM THE NATIONAL PROGRAM

6.4.2.1 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

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Supplementary (procured only by specialist’s request; not generally available)

abacavir (ABC) tablet, 300mg (as sulfate), oral solution, 100mg (as sulfate)/5ml XXXL X

didanosine (ddI) buffered chewable, dispersible tablet, 25mg, 100mg, XXL X

lamivudine (3TC) tablet, 150mg, oral solution 50 mg/5ml XXXL X

stavudine (d4T) capsule 30mg, 40mg, L X

Tenofovir (TDF) Capsule 300mg XXXL X

zidovudine (ZDV or AZT) tablet, 300mg , oral solution syrup, 50mg/5ml XXXL X

6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Supplementary (procured only by specialist’s request; not generally available s

efavirenz (EFV or EFZ) capsule, 50mg, 200mg, 600mg L to XL X

nevirapine (NVP) tablet 200 mg; oral suspension 50 mg/5-ml L X

6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitor Supplementary (procured only by specialist’s request; not generally available s

nelfinavir (NFV) tablet, 250mg (as mesilate) XL X

6.4.2.4 Antiinfectives for complications of HIV/AIDS. Supplementary (procured only by specialist’s request; not generally available

Clarithromycin Tablets 250mg XL X

Fluconazole Capsule 200mg M X

Pentamidine 300mg powder for injection XXXL X

Pyrimethamine Tablet 25mg M X

Sulphadiazine Tablet 500mg L X

6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

diloxanide tablet, 500 mg (furoate) S X

metronidazole oral suspension 125 mg (as benzoate)/5 ml M X X X X

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metronidazole scored tablet, 250 mg M X X X X

6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines

6.5.3.1 For curative treatment

Medicines for the treatment of P. falciparum malaria cases should be used in combination.

chloroquine syrup, 50 mg (base = as phosphate or sulfate)/5 ml M X X X X

chloroquine tablet, 150 mg (base = as phosphate or sulfate) S X X X X

doxycycline capsule or tablet, 100 mg (hydrochloride)

(for use only in combination with quinine)

M X X X X

primaquine tablet, 15 mg (base = as diphosphate) (for facilities with laboratory) M X X

quinine injection, 300 mg (as dihydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml ampoule M E E X X

quinine tablet, 300 mg (as sulfate) M X X X X

sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine tablet, 500 mg + 25 mg M X X X X


artemether injection, 80 mg/ml in 1-ml ampoule WHO X

artesunate tablet, 50 mg WHO X

Amodiaquine tablet 200mg WHO X

6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis

chloroquine syrup, 50 mg (base = as phosphate or sulfate)/5 ml M X X X X

chloroquine tablet, 150 mg (base = as phosphate or sulfate) S X X X X

doxycycline capsule or tablet, 100 mg ( hydrochloride) M X X X X


mefloquine tablet, 250 mg (as hydrochloride) XXL X

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proguanil tablet, 100 mg (hydrochloride)

(for use only in combination with chloroquine)

M X

7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES

7.1 For treatment of acute attack

acetylsalicylic acid tablet, 300 mg S X X X X

ergotamine +caffeine tablet, 1 mg (tartrate) + 100 mg S X X

paracetamol tablet, 500 mg S X X X X

8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED IN PALLIATIVE CARE

8.2 Cytotoxic medicines and antihormone


calcium folinate (folinic acid) tablet 15mg L X

methotrexate powder for injection, 50 mg (as sodium salt) in vial XL X

methotrexate tablet, 2.5 mg (as sodium salt) L X

methotrexate tablet, 10 mg (as sodium salt) L X

tamoxifen tablet, 20mg M X

8.4 Medicines used in palliative care

The WHO Expert Committee on the Use of Essential Drugs recommended that all the drugs mentioned in the WHO publication Cancer Pain Relief: with a Guide to Opioid Availability, be considered essential. The drugs are included in the relevant

sections of the Model List, according to their therapeutic use, e.g. analgesics.

9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES

benztropine tablet, 2mg S X X

benztropine injection 1mg/ml, 2ml M X X

levodopa + carbidopa tablet, 100 mg + 10 mg XL X X

levodopa + carbidopa tablet, 250 mg + 25 mg XL X X

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10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

10.1 Antianaemia medicines

ferrous salt oral solution, equivalent to 25 mg iron (as sulfate or fumarate)/ml M X X X X

ferrous salt tablet, equivalent to 60 mg iron S X X X X

ferrous salt + folic acid tablet equivalent to 60 mg iron + 400 micrograms folic acid S X X X X

folic acid tablet , 5mg S X X

hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12) injection, 1 mg in 1-ml ampoule M X

10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

heparin sodium injection, 5000 IU/ml 1-ml ampoule L X

Phytomenadione (vitamin K1) injection, 1 mg/ml in 1-ml ampoule (paediatric) M X X

Phytomenadione (vitamin K1) injection, 10 mg/ml in 1-ml ampoule (adult) M E E X X

tranexamic acid injection, 100 mg/ml in 5-ml ampoule L X

warfarin tablet, 1 mg (sodium salt) S X


tranexamic acid tablet, 500 mg M X

11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES

11.1 Plasma substitutes

Polygeline injectable solution, 3.5% L X X

12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.1 Antianginal medicines

atenolol tablet, 50 mg S X X

isosorbide dinitrate tablet (sublingual), 5 mg S X X

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isosorbide dinitrate tablet, sustained release, 20 mg M X X

12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines


digoxin Injection, 250 micrograms/ml in 2-ml ampoule M X

digoxin Scored tablet, 250 micrograms S X X

digoxin oral solution, 50 micrograms/ml L X X

epinephrine / adrenaline injection, 1 mg (as hydrochloride)/ml in ampoule M E E X X

propranolol tablet, 40 mg (hydrochloride) S X X


amiodarone tablet, 100 mg (hydrochloride) L X

atenolol injection, 500 micrograms/ml in 10-ml ampoule L X

12.3 Antihypertensive medicines


captopril scored tablet, 25 mg M X X

hydralazine powder for injection, 20 mg (hydrochloride) L X X

hydrochlorothiazide scored tablet, 25 mg S X X

methyldopa tablet, 250 mg S X X

nifedipine sustained release formulations, tablet 20 mg M X X

nifedipine Scored tablet, 10 mg S E E X X

12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

captopril scored tablet, 25 mg M X X

digoxin injection, 250 micrograms/ml in 2-ml ampoule M X

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digoxin oral solution, 50 micrograms/ml L X X

digoxin Scored tablet, 250 micrograms S X X



dopamine injection, 40 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 5-ml vial M X

13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.1 Antifungal medicines

benzoic acid + salicylic acid ointment or cream, 6% + 3%, (Whitfield´s ointment) M X X X X

miconazole ointment or cream, 2% (nitrate) M X X X X

13.2 Anti-infective medicines

gentian violet / methylrosanilinium chloride powder for aqueous solution, 0.5% S X X X X

silver nitrate pencil S X X

silver sulfadiazine cream, 1%, in 500-g container M X X X X

13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

betamethasone ointment or cream, 0.1% (as valerate) S X X

calamine lotion lotion S X X X X

hydrocortisone ointment or cream, 1% (acetate) M X X X X

13.5 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

coal tar solution, 5% S X X

dithranol ointment, 1% M X X

13.6 Scabicides and pediculicides

benzyl benzoate lotion, 25% S X X X X

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permethrin cream 5% L X X X X

permethrin hair shampoo 1% EL X X X X

13.7 Antiviral

Podophyllin 10-25% in compound tincture of

benzoin

For the topical treatment of genital warts M X X

14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

14.1 Ophthalmic medicines

fluorescein strips S X

14.2 Radiocontrast media

amidotrizoate oral solution, 370 mg iodine (as sodium and meglumine salt)/ml in 100 ml (Gastrografin) L X

barium sulfate powder for aqueous suspension S X

iopromide injection, 300 mg iodine/ml in 20-ml ampoule (Ultravist 300) L X

iopromide injection, 370 mg iodine/ml in 50-ml ampoule (Ultravist 370) L X


iohexol Injection, 300 mg iodine/ml in 10-ml ampoule (Omnipaque) XL X

15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

15.1 Antiseptics

chlorhexidine solution, 5% ( digluconate) for dilution S X X X X

ethanol solution, 70% (denatured, surgical spirit) L X X X X

Glycerin for use with ethanol to make ‘waterless’ hand-cleaner S X X X X

polyvidone iodine solution, 10% M X X X X

polyvidone iodine surgical scrub, 7.5% M X X

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15.2 Disinfectants

chlorine base compound 5% liquid for dilution S X X X X

16. DIURETICS

furosemide injection, 10 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule S X X

furosemide tablet, 40 mg S X X


spironolactone tablet, 25 mg L X X


mannitol injectable solution, 20% L X

17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES

17.1 Antacids and other antiulcer medicines

aluminium hydroxide tablet, 500 mg S X X X X

ranitidine injection, 25 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule L X

ranitidine tablet, 150 mg (as hydrochloride) M X X


omeprazole capsule, 20 mg XL X

sodium citrate powder for oral solution XL X

17.2 Antiemetic medicines

metoclopramide injection, 5 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml ampoule S X X

metoclopramide tablet, 10 mg (hydrochloride) S X X

promethazine elixir or syrup, 5 mg (hydrochloride)/5 ml M X X

promethazine injection, 25 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml ampoule M E E X X

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promethazine tablet, 25 mg (hydrochloride) S X X X X

17.3 Antihaemorrhoidal medicines

local anaesthetic, astringent and anti-inflammatory

medicine

ointment M X X

17.4 Anti-inflammatory medicines


sulfasalazine tablet, 500 mg L X

17.5 Antispasmodic medicines


hyoscine butylbromide injection, 20 mg/ml in 1-ml ampoule M X X

hyoscine butylbromide tablets, 10 mg S X X

17.6 Laxatives

bisacodyl suppository, 10 mg M X X

bisacodyl Tablet, 5 mg S X X

magnesium sulfate powder L E E X X


lactulose Solution, 0.67 g/mL XL X

17.7 Medicines used in diarrhoea

17.7.1 Oral rehydration

oral rehydration salts (ORS) *

reduced osmolarity formulation

(for glucose-electrolyte solution)

glucose: 75 mEq

sodium: 75 mEq or mmol/l

chloride: 65 mEq or mmol/l

potassium: 20 mEq or mmol/l

citrate: 10 mmol/l

S X X X X

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osmolarity: 245 mOsm/l

glucose: 13.5 g/l

sodium chloride: 2.6 g/l

potassium chloride: 1.5 g/l

trisodium citrate dihydrate+: 2.9 g/l

+ trisodium citrate dihydrate may be replaced by sodium hydrogen carbonate

(sodium bicarbonate) 2.5 g/l. However, as the stability of this latter formulation is

very poor under tropical conditions, it is only recommended when manufactured for

immediate use.

*in cases of cholera a higher concentration of sodium may be required.

18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

Addison’s disease is a rare condition; adrenal hormones are already included in . section 3

18.3 Contraceptives

18.3.1 Hormonal contraceptives

Ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel tablet, 30 micrograms + 150 micrograms UNFPA X X X X

Medroxyprogesterone acetate depot injection, 150 mg/ml in 1-ml vial UNFPA X X X X

18.3.2 Intrauterine devices

Copper-containing device UNFPA X X

18.3.3 Barrier methods

Condoms UNFPA X X X X

18.4 Estrogens


Ethinylestradiol tablet, 10 micrograms M X

Estriol intravaginal cream, 0.1%, (Ovestin) XL X

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18.5 Insulins and other antidiabetic agents

Glibenclamide * tablet, 5 mg S X X

Gliclazide* tablet, scored, 80 mg M X X

Metformin* tablet, 500 mg (hydrochloride) M X X

Note * sufficient supply up to the next visit can be given to the patient

Short-acting insulin (human) Injection, 100 IU/ml in 10-ml vial (soluble) XL X X

Intermediate-acting insulin (human)* Injection, 100 IU/ml in 10 ml vial (as isophane insulin)

* sufficient supply up to the next visit can be given to the patient

XL X X

18.6 Ovulation inducers


clomifene tablet, 50 mg (citrate) L X

18.7 Progestogens

Supplementaryy List (procured only by specialist’s request; not generally available)

medroxyprogesterone acetate tablet, 5 mg M X

18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines


levothyroxine tablet, 100 micrograms (sodium salt) S X

propylthiouracil tablet, 100 mg M X

19. IMMUNOLOGICALS

19.1 Sera and immunoglobulins

All plasma fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the Collection, Processing and Quality Control of Blood, Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization

Forty-third report, (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 840, 1994, Annex 2).

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antitetanus immunoglobulin (human) injection, 1500 IU in vial L X X

antitetanus immunoglobulin (human) injection, 4000 IU in vial XL X X

antivenom serum (equine) Injection, polyvalent serum; each ml can neutralize the poisons of Calloselasma (Agkistrodon)

rhodostoma (ular tanah, samea rai) 10 - 15 LD50 , Bungarus fasciatus (ular welang, samea makerek) 25

- 50 LD50, Naja sputatrix (ular cobra, samea cobra) 25 - 50 LD50 ; in 5-ml vial; Bio Farma, Bandung,

Indonesia.

Note: Trimeresurus albolabris (ular hijau, samodok) not included!

XXL X X

diphtheria antitoxin (equine) injection, 10 000 IU XL X X


anti-D immunoglobulin (human) injection, 250 micrograms in single-dose vial XL X

All vaccines should comply with the WHO Requirements for Biological Substances.

19.3.1 For universal immunization

BCG vaccine EPI X X X X

Diphtheria, tetanus vaccine (DT) EPI X X X X

diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) EPI X X X X

measles vaccine EPI X X X X

poliomyelitis vaccine EPI X X X X

tetanus toxoid vaccine EPI X X X X

19.3.2 For specific groups of individuals

hepatitis B vaccine L X

japaneses encephalitis vaccine XXL X

rabies vaccine (inactivated: prepared in cell

culture)

XL X

yellow fever vaccine XL X

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20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS

neostigmine injection, 2.5 mg (metilsulfate) in 1-ml ampoule S X

suxamethonium powder for injection, 50 mg (chloride)/ml, in 10-ml vial M X

vecuronium powder for injection, 10 mg (bromide) in vial M X


atracurium Injection, 10 mg (besilate)/ml in 2,5-ml ampoule XL X

21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

21.1 Anti-infective agents

Aciclovir Eye ointment, 3% L X

chloramphenicol eye ointment, 1% S X X

chloramphenicol solution (eye drops), 0.5% M X X

gentamicin solution (eye drops), 0.3% (sulfate) M X

tetracycline eye ointment, 1% (hydrochloride) S X X X X

21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents

prednisolone solution (eye drops), 1% (sodium phosphate) M X X

21.3 Local anaesthetics

Tetracaine (amethocaine) solution (eye drops), 0.5% (hydrochloride), or single-dose units L X X

21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

acetazolamide tablet, 250mg S X X X

pilocarpine solution (eye drops), 2% M X X X

timolol solution (eye drops), 0.5% M X X X

21.5 Mydriatics

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atropine solution (eye drops), 1% (sulfate) M X

Cyclopentolate Eye drops, 1% or single-dose units L X X

21. A. TOPICAL NASAL DECONGESTANTS


xylometazoline Solution (nose drops), 0.05% (hydrochloride) M X

xylometazoline Solution (nose drops), 0.1% (hydrochloride) M X

22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS

22.1 Oxytocics

ergometrine injection, 200 micrograms (hydrogen maleate) in 1-ml ampoule S E E X X

oxytocin injection, 10 IU in 1-ml ampoule S X X X X


misoprostol scored tablet, 200 micrograms (Cytotec) XL X

22.2 Antioxytocics

salbutamol injection, 50 micrograms (as sulfate)/ml in 5-ml ampoule M E E X X

salbutamol tablet, 4 mg (as sulfate) S X X

24. PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MEDICINES

24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders

chlorpromazine scored tablet, 25 mg, 100mg (hydrochloride)

Avoid direct contact with chlorpromazine. Risk of contact sensitisation. Tablets should not be crushed

und solutions should be handled with care

S X X

fluphenazine injection, 25 mg (decanoate or enantate) in 1-ml ampoule S X X

haloperidol injection, 5 mg in 1-ml ampoule M X X

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haloperidol scored tablet, 5 mg S X X

24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders

24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders

amitriptyline tablet, 25 mg (hydrochloride) S X X

24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorders

carbamazepine scored tablet, 200 mg M X X

valproic acid enteric coated tablet, 200 mg (sodium salt) M X X

24.3 Medicines used in generalized anxiety and sleep disorders

Diazepam** scored tablet, 2 mg, 5mg S X X

25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Beclometasone inhalation (aerosol), 50 micrograms, 250micrograms (dipropionate) per dose XL X X

epinephrine / adrenaline injection, 1 mg (as hydrochloride or hydrogen tartrate) in 1-ml ampoule M E E X X

Salbutamol inhalation (aerosol), 100 micrograms (as sulfate) per dose L X X

salbutamol injection, 50 micrograms (as sulfate)/ml in 5-ml ampoule S E E X X

salbutamol respirator solution for use in nebulizers, 5 mg (as sulfate)/ml XL X

salbutamol syrup, 2 mg/5 ml L X X

salbutamol tablet, 4 mg (as sulfate) S X X

theophylline tablet, modified release, scored 200 mg M X X

volumatic (spacer) For use with salbutamol inhalations (aerosol) in hospitals M X X


aminophylline injection, 25 mg/ml in 10 ml ampoule M X

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25.2 Expectorants

Cough syrup oral solution, ammonium chloride 300 mg, glycyrrh.succ. 500 mg/15 mL

(for specific hospital use only. Not anti-tussive, Expectorant activity only)

M X

26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES

26.1 Oral

oral rehydration salts (for glucose-electrolyte

solution)

see section 17.7.1 S

potassium chloride tablet, slow release, 600 mg (equivalent to K+ 8mmol, Cl- 8 mmol) M X X

potassium chloride Inj, 11.2% in 20-ml ampoule, (eq.to K+ 1.5 mmol/ml, Cl- 1.5 mmol/ml) M X X

26.2 Parenteral

calcium gluconate injection, 100 mg/ml in 10-ml ampoule M E E X X

glucose injectable solution, 5% in 1-liter bag M E E X X

glucose injectable solution, 10% in 0.5-liter bag M X X

glucose injectable solution, 50% hypertonic M E E X X

sodium chloride injectable solution, 0.9% isotonic

(equivalent to Na+ 154 mmol/l, Cl- 154 mmol/l in 1-liter bag

M E E X X

sodium hydrogen carbonate /

sodium bicarbonate

solution, 8.4% in 10-ml ampoule

(equivalent to Na+ 1000 mmol/l, HCO3-1000 mmol/l)

M X

sodium lactate, compound solution injectable solution, in 500-ml M X X

sodium lactate, compound solution injectable solution, 1-l bag M E E X X

26.3 Miscellaneous

water for injection 10-ml ampoules S X X X X

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27. VITAMINS AND MINERALS

pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) Tablet, 50 mg (hydrochloride) S X X

retinol (vitamin A) capsule, 50 000 IU M X X X X

retinol (vitamin A) capsule, 200 000 IU M X X X X

thiamine (vitamin B1) tablet, 50 mg (hydrochloride) S X X

vitamin, multi tablet, coated, ascorbic acid 15 mg, colecalciferol 300 IU, nicotinamide 7.5 mg, retinol 2500 IU,

riboflavine 0.5 mg, thiamine 1 mg

S X X X X


calcium tablet, 500 mg (as acetate or carbonate)

*management of hyperphosphataemia

S X

-- 26

INDEX ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST MoH EAST TIMOR AUGUST 2004

Name of medicine Page A abacavir

10 benztropine

acetazolamide 23 benzyl benzoate

acetylsalicylic acid 4, 12 aciclovir 9, 23

betamethasone

adrenaline, ephinephrine 5, 14, 25 albendazole 6

bupivacaine

allopurinol 4 Caluminium hydroxide 18 amidotrizoate 17 calcium aminophylline 25 calcium folinate amiodarone 14 calcium gluconate amitriptyline 25 captoprilamodiaquine 11 carbamazepineamoxicillin 6, 7 ceftriaxone amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 7 amphotericin B 11 ampicillin 7 chlorhexidineanti-D immunoglobulin (human) 21 antitetanus immunoglobulin (human) 21 Anti-haemorhoidial preparation 18 antivenom serum (equine) 21 artemether 11 Clarithromycinartesunate 11 clindamycinatenolol 14, 15 clofazimineatracurium 22 clotrimazoleatropine 3, 5, 19, 23 azithromycin 7

B

barium sulfate 17 BCG vaccine 22 beclometasone 25

benzathine benzylpenicillin 7 benzoic acid + salicylic acid 15

1316

benzylpenicillin 716

bisacodyl 193

calamine lotion 16 27 12 5, 26 155, 257

charcoal, activated 5 chloramphenicol 7, 23

17chlorine base compound 17 chloroquine 11. 12 chlorpromazine 24ciprofloxacin 7

10887

clomifene 21cloxacillin 7coal tar 16 codeine 4 colchicine 5 condoms 20 copper-containing device 20

27


co-trimoxazol

8cyclopentolate 23 fluconazole

D fluorescein

dapsone 8 fluphenazine

dexamethasone 4 diazepam 3, 5, 25 Diclofenac Sodium 4 didanosine 10 gentamicindiethylcarbamazine 6digoxin 14, 15 glibenclamidediloxanide 11 diphtheria antitoxin (equine) 21 diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) 22 diphtheria, tetanus vaccine (DT)

22

dithranol 16

Hdopamine 15doxycycline 8, 11, 12

E halothane

efavirenz 10 hepatitis B vaccine epinephrine / adrenaline 5, 14, 25 ephedrine 3 hydrochlorothiazideergometrine 24 hydrocortisoneergotamine +caffeine 12 erythromycin 8estriol 20

hyoscine butylbromide

ethambutol 9 I

ethanol 17 ibuprofen

ethinylestradiol 20 ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel

20

F iopromide

fentanyl 4 isosorbide dinitrate ferrous salt 13

ferrous salt + folic acid 13 101624

folic acid 13 furosemide 17

G8, 23

gentian violet 15 20

gliclazide 20glucose 26glycerin 17griseofulvin 9

haloperidol 243

heparin sodium 13 22

hydralazine 15 15, 175, 16

hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12) 13 19

4 insulin 20, 21iohexol 17

17isoniazid + ethambutol 9

14 ivermectin 6

28


J

nelvinavir

japaneses encephalitis vaccine

22

K nifedipine

ketamine 3

O

Llactulose 19 oral rehydration salts (ORS) *

lamivudine 10 oxygenlevodopa + carbidopa 13 levothyroxine 21

P

lidocaine 3lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline) 3

M

magnesium sulfate 5, 19 mannitol 18 measles vaccine 22 medroxyprogesterone acetate 20, 21 mefloquine 12 phenytoinmetformin 20 phytomenadione (vitamin K1) methotrexate 12 pilocarpinemethyldopa 15 Podophillyn in compound tt methylprednisolone 6methylrosanilinium chloride 15 metoclopramide 18metronidazole 8, 11 potassium chloride miconazole 15 praziquantelmisoprostol 24 prednisolone morphine 3, 4 primaquinemultivitamin 27 procaine benzylpenicillin

N

nalidixic acid 8 naloxone 5

propranolol

10neostigmine 22

15nystatin 9

omeprazole 1819, 26 3

oxytocin 24

paracetamol 4, 12penicillins 7pentamidine 10permethrin 16phenobarbital 5, 6Phenoxymethylpenicillin (pen-V) 7 phenylephrine 3

613 2316

poliomyelitis vaccine 22 polygeline 14polyvidone iodine 17

26 65, 8, 23 117

proguanil 12promethazine 3, 5, 18

14propylthiouracil 21

29


pyrantel

24

6 T pyrazinamide 9pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) 27 pyrimethamine 11 Tenofovir

Q

quinine 11

R

rabies vaccine, inactivated 22 ranitidine 18

thiopental

retinol (vitamin A) 27 rifampicin 8

tramadol

rifampicin + isoniazid 9 rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + ethambutol 9 ringer's lactate 26

S

salbutamol 24. 25 vancomycin

silver nitrate 16 silver sulfadiazine 16 sodium bicarbonate 26 sodium chloride 26 sodium citrate 18 sodium hydrogen carbonate 26 sodium lactate, compound solution 26 spacer for inhalation 25 spironolactone 17 warfarinstavudine 10 water for injection streptomycin 9sulfadiazine 11 sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine 11 sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

8

sulfasalazine 18 yellow fever vaccine suxamethonium 22

tamoxifen 12 10

tetanus toxoid vaccine 22 Tetracaine 23Tetracycline 23theophylline 25thiamine (vitamin B1) 27

3timolol 23

4tranexamic acid 13, 14 tropicamide 16

V

valproic acid 6, 25 8

vecuronium 22 vitamin A 26 vitamin B1 26 vitamin B6 27 vitamin B12 13 vitamin K1 13 vitamin, multi 27

W

1427

X

xylometazoline

Y

22

30


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Essential Medicines List for East Timor Complete List · Daftar obat-obatan esensial ini berdasarkan daftar obat-obatan esensial yang asli yang disiapkan untuk Timor Leste pada tahun