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Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
-Fuel for future?
Overview
Energy challenge
Why hydrogen and fuel cells
Hydrogen Challenge
Research and Development
Conclusion
Fossil Fuels
Demand
• Average energy demand growth rate is 1.8 % p.a.
Pollution
• 26 billions tons of CO2 yearly
Security
• Non-renewable
• Limited sources
Energy Challenge in transportation
Energy Crisis
Temperature rise and climate change
High fuel price
Why Hydrogen and Fuel Cell?
Hydrogen and
Fuel Cell
No carbon emission
Diverse resources
Exceptional safety records Low noise
and high efficiency
Secondary renewable
energy source
Hydrogen Challenge
Source
Electricity generation
Storage
Infrastructure
Source
Cost Effectiv
e
Carbon free
renewable
sources
Hydrogen Challenge
Fuel Cell
Robust, durable
yet powerf
ul
H2 to electric
ity
Cheap
Infrastructure
Chicken Egg proble
m
H2 refueli
ng statio
ns
Fuel Tank
Liquid H2 at -
253 degree C
Enough Capacity
Compressed H2 at
100 times NTP
Research and Development
Hope!
Fuel Cell
Cold Weather: Cell shut down, water vapor freezing
DOE: costs per kw of H2 power dropped by nearly 75 % between 2002 and 2008
GM: predict to reduce use of 80 g Pt to ~30 g (current price of about 60 $ per g)
Toyota: Highlander SUV -start up at -37 degree C
Past Drawback
Present
On Board Storage
Gaseous H2 : Getting enough on board would require ridiculously large tank
By 2015, DOE hopes to achieve 480 km
Hold enough fuel for the average fuel cell car to travel 320 km
Modern light weight carbon-fiber tanks, store H2 at 680 atmp
Past Drawback
Present
Production
CO2 emission
$4–5.3 /kg, compared with $1.7/kg for H2 from natural gas but expand the use of renewable energy : growth potential is enormous
Can be produced : renewable (hydro, wind, solar, biomass, geothermal)
Cheapest Source:
steam and natural gas
Plus
Adoption
Customer base, increase production and bring down
costs
NAIGT ‘s a road map to fuel cell vehicles
The NRC panel estimated that the U.S. federal government would need to spend about
$10 billion between 2008 and 2023 to develop a self-
sustaining hydrogen-fuel infrastructure
Conclusion
Central role in addressing growing concerns over carbon emissions and climate change as well as future availability and security of energy supply
Capability to produce green revolution
Require scientific breakthroughs and significant technological developments coupled with continued social and political commitment
Thank You
Questions?