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ESA Earth Observation Programmes
& Exploitation
Dr. Stephen Briggs
Head of Science, Applications & Future Technologies Department,
&
Dr. Stephen Coulson
Head EO Industry Exploitation Section
G-STEP Launch
Univ Leicester, UK, 18 June 2009
Document title | Author Name | Place | Data doc | Programme | Pag. 2
L’AQUILA EARTHQUAKEEstimation of vertical and horizontal displacement and Model
ENS/CNRS: Model (Asc)
Main EO exploitation activities:
- GSE (2001-2011) - 125MEuro
- EOEP3 (2008-2012) - (3 x <=25MEuro)
- Value Added Element (VAE, ex EOMD)
- Data User Element (DUE)
- Support to Science and Exploitation (STSE)
- Climate Change Initiative (2009-2014)
75 MEuro
Earth Observation
Marine & Coastal Polar Environment
Risk fire & flood Forest Monitoring
European Land Cover
Land Motion Risks
Humanitarian Aid Atmosphere
Food Security
Maritime Security
ESA GSE : 10 Services Portfolios
0 20 40 60 80 100
Soil, Water & Urban
Fire & Flood Risk
Marine & Coastal
Land Motion
Polar & Sea Ice
Forest Monitoring
Atmosphere
Maritime Security
Humanitarian Aid
Food Security
International National Regional Local Private
International: 40
National: 146
Regional: 76
Local: 65
Private: 8
• Services with formal specifications, standards, validation protocols,
• Developed in collaboration & agreement of User communities,
• Qualified service suppliers.
ESA GSE : Legally Mandated User Orgs
Sustainable service provision.
Risk-EOS
Respond
Terrafirma
GSE-Land
GSE-Forest
MarcoastOil
WQ
Polarview
Promote
Food Security
Mariss
Safer
Geoland-2
My Ocean
MACC
EMSA
Passodoble
JLS / Frontex
Aquamar
Doris
Subcoast
WBank/GTZ
EEA/Nationals
Nationals/ENV
UN/GMES-Africa
Nationals
Nationals / UN
Nationals/MARE
Nationals/EEA
ECMWF
Nationals
GSE Extension
GSE Extension
GSE Extension
GSE Extension
GSE Extension
GSE Extension
Em
erg
en
cy
Lan
dO
cean
Se
cu
rity
Atm
os
GSE FT CoreFT downstream
(tbc)User fundingTransfer of ESA GSE Services
Risk-EOS
Respond
Terrafirma
GSE-Land
GSE-Forest
MarcoastOil
WQ
Polarview
Promote
Food Security
Mariss
Safer
Geoland-2
My Ocean
MACC
EMSA
Passodoble
JLS / Frontex
Aquamar
Doris
Subcoast
WBank/GTZ
EEA/Nationals
Nationals/ENV
UN/GMES-Africa
Nationals
Nationals / UN
Nationals/MARE
Nationals/EEA
ECMWF
Nationals
GSE Extension
GSE Extension
GSE Extension
GSE Extension
GSE Extension
GSE Extension
Em
erg
en
cy
Lan
dO
cean
Se
cu
rity
Atm
os
GSE FT CoreFT downstream
(tbc)
Sustainable
funding
Developing Business
Opportunities for EO
Information Services
A few examples from
ESA EO Market Development
www.esa.int/eomd
Earth Observation
Chile is becoming key producer of salmon in the world
($1 billion/yr)
Industry report in Chile estimated the losses to the industry
from Harmful Algal Bloom (HABs)
are $50 Million USD/year (2004).
NRT MERIS/MODIS integrated in a hydrodynamic model to
provide via internet a HAB Early Warning Service.
"To obtain the amount of information covered with
the EO data, alternative methods will be of
considerable higher cost. With in situ measurements
you cannot produce a gradient map as obtained with
EO images. The value of this information is the area
and resolution obtained in a single didactic image."
Francisco Puga , Manager, Mainstream Group
Development
Fisheries & Aquaculture
For FSC certification EO can provide an additional
and innovative reliable source of information to be
used by certificate holders for better demonstration
of compliance with FSC Principles and Criteria over
time. EO analysis can help FSC certification bodies
to be more effective in evaluating and monitoring
compliance with certification requirements in set
aside areas.
Hubert de Bonafos, Managing Director,
ASI - Accreditation Services International
Sustainable Forest Management
• Detecting illegal clear cuts over the Jari region in Brazil,
• Orsa Florestal concession,
• ALOS PalSar
• Green : vegetated, Blue : clear cuts, Red : bare soil/rock
Courtesy RISOE
Denmark (Horns Rev)
High-res
Regional
Radar
Low-res
Global
Scatt
Wind roseIndustry software for
resources estimation
Renewable Energy : Wind
World’s largest turbine manufacturer for
planning & maintenance of turbines
>15 years archived history is crucial
Ground irradianceEO services for site identification,
plant management, grid
management, and consulting
(architects, urban planning)
Exploiting MSG every 15 min,
Envisat for atmospheric correction
Renewable Energy : Solar
When a new market is opened, a site evaluation
is not available, as usually other PV-operators do
not publish their production values. We are now
expanding into countries like Germany, Italy and
Spain where we have no operation experiences.
Investment costs of about 5 to 12 million Euros
are planned. To assure the flow back of these
investments we must be sure that we build the
PV systems at locations with enough solar
radiation. Therefore we will need satellite derived
irradiance data.
Robert Kröni, Edisun Power AG director
Snow Cover Extent (ENVISAT/MERIS)Digital Elevation Model
Land Cover (ENVISAT/SAR)
Weather Conditions (MSG)
Water Run Off Forecast
Renewable Energy : Hydropower
Scandinavia
via Hydrological Model
Austrian Alps
During – Flood extent, Dresden ,
Aug 2002 (ASAR / SPOT)
After - Postal Code
Product for Insurance
Re-Insurance : Risks Assessment
“Earth Observation gives us a view of the
whole extent of the flood, not only within
the heavily-insured urban centres like
Dresden but we can also zoom out across
400 kilometres of river to see all the
affected parts of Germany. We can also
trace the flood peak happening. It would
take a lot of work to get the same
standard of information from any other
source”
Ulrich Ebel, Vice President, SwissRe
Nordic Risk &
Insurance Summit
(NORIS),
Palabora copper mine from Rio Tinto in South
Africa - 2000m in diameter and 762m deep..
After a major collapse, Rio Tinto was concerned
about the effects on infrastructures of further
subsidence. InSAR has been used to monitor
deformations up to a few mm.
“An advantage of using SAR interferometry is that it
is not dependent on sending crews into the field, It
is therefore valuable for acquiring information at
remote sites or areas considered unsafe for
personnel to enter."
Timothy Conley, Managing Director , AMEC's Earth
& Environmental operations in Europe.
Mining Industry : Subsidence
Andreas Laake, Principal Geophysicist
Western Geco/Schlumberger: “What Earth
Observation represents for us is a means of carrying out
seismic survey feasibility studies prior to defining
survey programmes for our clients, and ensuring enhanced
data quality for even the most challenging environments"
Oil Industry : Exploration
SAR + Optical for
surface geology,
lithology, roughness to
produce ->
Seismic Quality Map
Unbiased, timed satellite images help building
stakeholder trust because they clearly illustrate
the activities taking place in our oil sands mine
leases; they present clear, accessible visuals to
stakeholders such as First Nations people who
live in the area; they provide objective
information on development and eventual
reclamation of our oil sands leases and help us
to expand our annual reporting on
environmental performance, including future
reclamation areas. Using 2006 as a baseline,
we intend to repeat monitoring by satellite on a
yearly basis, to record our mine development
and our progressive reclamation of involved
areas.
Ashley Nixon, Sustainable Development
Advisor at Shell Canada Ltd
Oil Industry : Environmental Impact
2005
2006
New Services : Phenology
2005
2006
• Improve on existing Phenology
(seasonal vegetation) products (eg.
MODIS, NDVI)
• MERIS Terrestrial Chlorphyll Index
(MTCI) + LAI
• MERIS FR (300m) + G-POD
processing
• Produce 1km MTCI composite map
updated at 10-day intervals for
period 2004 to present for all of
Great Britain
• For specific locations, produce
annual phenology curves (via
modelling)
• Primary Users : governmental
agencies and NGOs involved in
vegetation, ecosystem and climate
change impact monitoring.
New Services : Wide area Tropical Forest
Mapping• Optical (DMC constellation)
and SAR (ALOS) for
systematic wide-area forest
mapping and change
monitoring at high
resolution
• Frequent (daily) re-visit
capability essential (clouds)
• Substantial test area in
Indonesia
• Assess utility of new DMC
satellite (UK-DMC-2, 22 m)
• Primary Users :
sustainable forest
management (FSC, ASI,
PEFC), and carbon trading
(EcoSecurities, ProForest).
DMC multi-temporal land cover in Congo
Basin
ALOS PALSAR
multi-temporal
intensity, HH, HV,
coherence
combination,
Indonesia
New Markets : Insurance
• Focus on climate variability
(extreme weather events)
• Insurance Industry working
group on climate change
(ClimateWise)
• EO information for underwriting,
risk modelling, reinsurance,
claims reduction and
management,
• Key global insurers involved
(Lloyd’s + Thomas Miller –
maritime transport).
Hurricane probability polygons
visualised by Thomas Miller
Assets exposure by Lloyd’s
Exposure Management team
New Markets : Media & Communications
• Focus on increasing public &
political interest in Climate
Change,
• Prototype GHG Observatory
for CO2, Methane and Ozone,
and their emission from
anthropogenic and natural
sources,
• News features for
consumption by general public,
• Explore increased exposure
through Cisco’s Global Ecomap
platform as part of its
Connected Urban Development
program.energy and climate change
consultancy
News bulletins /
stories
Daily web forecasts
The Current Market for
EO Information Services
Earth Observation
Industry revenue estimate – 2006 status
Detailed financial data from 40 companies 233.6 m€ actual revenue reported
Estimated total industry revenue 412.5 m€ (EO services & data)
Value-adding companies estimated at 306 m€ (EO services only)
Small Medium Large Total
Average revenue per head 000 € 65 109 272
Average EO staff 5.0 23
Average company revenue 000 € 325 2,512
Non-submitting companies 46 65 111
Non-submitted revenue 000€ 14,872 164,025 178,897
Submitted revenue 000 € 5,097 49,188 179,371 233,656
Total Industry Revenue 000 € 412,553
Composite with past studies
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
M E
uro
2001 Snapshot Actual
1998 Optimistic
1998 Pessimistic
VEGA Studies
Error Range
Services
0 10 20 30 40 50
Weather
Other
Metocean monitoring
Climate change
Water quality monitoring
Atmospheric monitoring
Asset & Infrastructure mapping
Ecosystem monitoring
Risk/vulnerability mapping
Land motion monitoring
Crisis/Damage mapping
Forest
Agriculture
Geological mapping
Marine and Coastal surveillance
Land Use/Cover & Change
Cartography & Topogaphy
# Companies % Revenue
Land use monitoring and
Cartographic & Topographic
Mapping, Marine and Coastal
Surveillance and Agriculture are the
primary thematic areas in which EO
companies are involved.
Cartographic & Topographic
Mapping and Land use monitoring
generate approximately 35% of
industry revenues.
Some activity in new thematic areas
such as Weather, Atmospheric
Monitoring and Climate Change is
present.
Analysis is of total revenue –
including data providers
Markets
The most commonly served
(most companies addressing)
market sector is
Environmental Protection &
Pollution Management.
Other active market sectors
include Oil, Gas and Mining;
Regional Planning, Defence
and Law Enforcement and
Science and Technology.
When considering revenue,
Defence and Law
Enforcement is the highest
value sector, but none
dominate
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Legal & Forensic
Real Estate
Insurance & Finance
Public Health
Travel/Tourism/Leisure
Geo-Marketing/Retail
News, Media & Education
Transport
Meteorology and Climate
Other
Construction & Civil Engineering
Utilities & Infrastructure
Marine Eng & Offshore Operations
Fisheries Management
Telecommunications
Emergency & Civil Security
Water Resources
Regional Planning & Urban Mgt
Forestry
Agriculture
Science and Technology
Environment Protection & Pollution
Oil, Gas and Mining
Defence & Law Enforcement
# Active Companies % Industry Revenue
All revenue –
Includes data sales
Breakdown of EO Services Revenue
Revenues are primarily generated from operational services
Improved classification of public development grants v demonstration
Nearly a third of business by revenue is generated from the private
sector
Large companies
dominate operational
services revenue
(but includes data
sales)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Operational Services (user
pays)
Pre-operational Service (user
doesn't pay e.g. GMES, GSEs
etc.)
Development Activities
(funding from institutions)
% E
O In
du
str
y R
ev
en
ue
Large
Medium
Small
The DUE
programme
Earth Observation
User Requirement Document
The Service required include the provision of
the following geo-information products:
• XXX
• XXX
The area of interest is the following: ….
The timeframe of interest in the following ….
The format of the products should be the
following: ….
The National User Network is made of…
Letter of Commitment
I will commit X men/month of work to:
Coordinate the work of local agencies;
Consolidate the User Requirements;
Provide access to data and information
useful for the project;
Organize dedicated ground data
collection campaigns for the project;
Support the validation of the results;
Assess the final service from a user
perspective;
To initiate a project, ESA requests to participating user organizations:
a Letter of Commitment;
a User Requirements Document (URD);
The UserThe User
DUE User Commitments
~150 national ministries and agencies~100 research institutions~few private companies and non-governmental organisations~70 new users brought in 2008 and another 70 in 2009
300 New User Organisations
Working
with
Global Change
Communities
33 organizations (e.g. IPCC, IGBP, WCRP, GODAE, ECMWF, GOFC)
participate in projects addressing the monitoring of different
elements of the Earth system
ESA DUE : Global Change community
GLOBCOLOUR : Global Ocean
Colour for Carbon Cycle Research
GLOBVOLCANO : Deformation /
Thermal / Gas emissions
GLOBAEROSOL,
Global Aerosol Monitoring
MEDSPIRATION : European service
for precise Sea surface temperature.
DUE GlobSeries branding
Working
with
International Environmental
Conventions
ESA participates to UNFCCC, UNCCD,
UNCBD and Ramsar COPs
Map in construction
World Summit, Johannesburg, 2002
UNFCCC COP 8, New Delhi, 2002
RAMSAR COP 8, Valencia, 2002
UNFCCC COP 9, Milan, 2003
UNCCD COP 6, La Havana, 2003
UNFCCC COP 10, Buenos Aires, 2004
UNCCD COP 7, Nairobi, 2005
RAMSAR COP 9, Kampala, 2005
UNFCCC COP 11, Montreal, 2005
UNFCCC COP 12, Nairobi, 2006
UNCCD COP 8, Madrid, 2007
UNFCCC, COP 13, Bali, 2007
RAMSAR COIP 10, Changwon, 2008
UNCBD COP 9, Bonn, 2008
UNFCCC COP 14, Poznan, 2008
Tracking of Hammerhead sharks (background SST map)
DUE Project Offices
New ESA Activities
on Climate Change
•Data Sources:
•Carbon Dioxide: NOAA.
•Land Cover: Goldewijk & Battjes, National Institute
•for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM),
•Netherlands, 1997.
•Temperature: Source unspecified.
•Species Extinction: Reid & Miller, World Resources
•Institute, Washington DC, 1989.
•Nitrogen: Vitousek, 1994,
•Human Population: US Bureau of the Census
Based on information compiled by the International
Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP).
(Image: MERIS mosaic)
ESA Initiative on Climate Change
ESA Initiative on Climate Change
Vulnerability Assessment :
Impacts as a function of Climate Change(Parry et al. 2001 http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/usa/press/reports/millions-at-risk.pdf)
ESA Initiative on Climate Change
“Climate change is a major environmental, development
and security issue that, left unaddressed, threatens a
sustainable future for both developed and developing
countries.”
Bob Watson, Chief Scientist, UK Dept. of Environment
& ex- Chairman IPCC, World Bank, NASA
Financial Times, 15th April 2008
ESA Initiative on Climate Change
Programme Content
Re-processing ex archive
(e.g. calibration)
ECV generation
(e.g. validation & bias)
ECV assimilation
& assessment
Education & Awareness
6 year programme
for 3 cycles
FEEDBACK LOOP:
Long Term Archiving Programmes
Multi-mission infrastructure
International Climate Programmes
EC & MS R&D Programmes
IPCC Process, UNFCCC
INPUT FROM
OUTPUT TO
“Deliver”
“Show”
“Gather”
“Exploit”
(from K. Trenberth: Observational needs for climate prediction and adaptation,
WMO Bulletin 57(1), January 2008)
Locus of ESA Climate Change Initiative
Earth Explorers ENVISAT/ERS National MissionsMeteo Missions
(EUMETSAT)GMES Sentinels
Data Access
ESA Climate Change Initiative
(satellite-based ECVs)
in scope /beyond scope
Domain Essential Climate Variables
Atmospheric
(over land,
sea and ice)
Surface:
Air temperature, Precipitation, Air pressure, Surface radiation budget, Wind speed
and direction, Water vapour.
Upper air:
Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiance), Upper-air temperature
(including MSU radiances), Wind speed and direction, Water vapour,
Cloud properties
Composition:Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, Other long-lived greenhouse gases, Aerosol
properties
Oceanic
Surface:
Sea-surface temperature, Sea-surface salinity, Sea level, Sea state, Sea ice,
Current, Ocean colour, Carbon dioxide partial pressure.
Sub-surface:Temperature, Salinity, Current, Nutrients, Carbon, Ocean tracers, Phytoplankton
Terrestrial
River discharge, Water use, Ground water, Lake levels, Snow cover, Glaciers and ice caps, Permafrost and
seasonally-frozen ground, Albedo, Land cover (including vegetation type), Fraction of absorbed
photo-synthetically active radiation (FAPAR), Leaf area index (LAI), Biomass, Fire disturbance,
Biomass, soil moisture
Global Land Cover at 300 meters
(GlobCover project)
ESA GlobColour Project
Global merged MERIS-
MODIS-SeaWiFS ocean
colour product (Chl_a)
April 2003.
Credit: ACRI, LOV, Univ. Plymouth,
ICESS, NIVA, Brockmann Consult,
DLR, ESA, NASA, GeoEye
www.globcolour.info
Ocean Colour pre-cursor (GLOBCOLOUR project)Global Ocean Colour for Carbon Cycle Research