Presented by:

1. Bijay Biswa

2. Dema Lhamo

3. Ganga Maya Rai

Paro College of Education, Bhutan

Psychosocial Developmental Theory

Erikson’s

Erikson’s ‘psychosocial’ term is derived from the two source words – namely psychological or the root, ‘psycho’ relating to the mind, brain, personality etc. and ‘social’ or external relationships and environment, both at the heart of Erikson’s theory.

Development proceeds in stages Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial

challenge or crisis Stages reflect the motivation of the individual

Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory

Erikson’s Theory

Erikson’s view was that the social environment combined with biological maturation provides each individual with a set of “crises” that must be resolved.

The individual is provided with a "sensitive period" in which to successfully resolve each crisis before a new crisis is presented.

The results of the resolution, whether successful or not, are carried forward to the next crisis and provide the foundation for its resolution.His developmental theory of the "Eight Stages of Man" was unique in that it covered the entire lifespan rather than childhood and adolescent development.

Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Human Development

1 - Trust vs. mistrust

2 - Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

3 - Initiative vs. guilt

4 - Industry vs. inferiority

5 - Identity vs. identity confusion

6 - Intimacy vs. isolation

7 - Generativity vs. stagnation

8 - Integrity vs. despair

Erikson’s Human Development Stages

1 - Trust vs. Mistrust

0–1 years

2 - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 1–3 years

3 - Initiative vs. Guilt3–5 years

Developed through consistent love and support

Independence fostered by support and encouragement

Developed by exploring and accepting challenges

Erikson’s Human Development Stages

4 - Industry vs. Inferiority6 years–puberty

5 - Identity vs. Role ConfusionAdolescence

Mastery comes from success and recognition

Exploration of different paths to attain a healthy identity

Erikson’s Human Development Stages

6 - Intimacy vs. IsolationEarly adult years

7 - Generativity vs. StagnationMiddle Adulthood

8 - Integrity vs. DespairLate Adulthood

Life review and retrospective evaluation of one’s past

Form positive, close relationships with others

Transmitting something positive to the next generation

Erikson’s Human Development Stages

• According to Erikson’s life-span/psychosocial development theory, if a toddler is punished harshly or restrained severely, he or she will likely develop which trait?

• During which of Erikson’s stages is a person expected to focus his or her efforts on transmitting something positive to the next generation?

References

• Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and Society. New York: Norton.

• Erikson, E. H. (1958). Young Man Luther. New York: Norton.

• Erikson, E. H., Paul, I. H., Heider, F., & Gardner, R. W. (1959). Psychological issues (Vol. 1). International Universities Press.

• Erikson, E. H. (Ed.). (1963). Youth: Change and challenge. Basic books.

• Erikson, E. H. (1964). Insight and Responsibility. New York: Norton.

• Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York: Norton.

The End