ERGONOMIC BVT

8/8/2019 ERGONOMIC BVT

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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERSKIM A. DECENA, MD 1-20-09

Create a better understanding of theCreate a better understanding of theprinciples of ergonomicsprinciples of ergonomics

Guide us through an evaluation and adjustmentGuide us through an evaluation and adjustment

of their workstation.of their workstation.

Outline exercises designed to reduce the risk ofOutline exercises designed to reduce the risk ofinjury.injury.


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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09

Scientific discipline primarilyScientific discipline primarily

concernedconcerned

with the application ofwith the application of

natural lawsnatural laws

overnin human workgoverning human work


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Industrial, production, designIndustrial, production, design

engineersengineers

Work physiologist/ occupationalWork physiologist/ occupationaltherapisttherapist

Medical and occupational healthMedical and occupational health

and safety professionalsand safety professionals Industrial HygienistsIndustrial Hygienists


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Human body size (anthropometry)Human body size (anthropometry) Bodily response to internal andBodily response to internal and

external forces (biomechanics)external forces (biomechanics)

Work and environmental physiologyWork and environmental physiology Human behavior response to workHuman behavior response to work

Information processing and decisionInformation processing and decision

making (skill psychology)making (skill psychology)

Training and effort perceptionTraining and effort perception

Adapting equipment and device forAdapting equipment and device for

human usehuman use


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CLASSIFICATION:CLASSIFICATION:

A. WORKER TRAININGWORKER TRAINING

B. WORKER SELECTIONB. WORKER SELECTION

C. WORKPLACEC. WORKPLACE

ACCOMMODATION/JOBACCOMMODATION/JOBREDESIGNREDESIGN



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A.A. WORKER TRAINING:WORKER TRAINING:

Wide AcceptanceWide Acceptance

Intensive campaign toIntensive campaign to

educate workerseducate workers

Fitness and stretchingFitness and stretchingexercisesexercises

Back support beltsBack support belts

Postural instructionsPostural instructionsBVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09


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B.B. WORKER SELECTIONWORKER SELECTION Strategy for strenous jobStrategy for strenous job

Match worker capacity and jobMatch worker capacity and job

requirementsrequirements

Method of choice if jobMethod of choice if job

redesign/engineeringredesign/engineeringmodification cannot bemodification cannot be

performedperformedBVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIM

A. DECENA, MD 1-20-09


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C.C. WORKPLACEWORKPLACE

ACCOMMODATION/JOBACCOMMODATION/JOB

REDESIGNREDESIGN

CTD not prevented byCTD not prevented byselecting workersselecting workers

Most effective ergonomicMost effective ergonomic

interventioninterventionBVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09


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Work Station Reach ZoneWork Station Reach Zone

EASY REACH ZONEEASY REACH ZONE

Determined by movingDetermined by movinghands and forearms withhands and forearms with

elbows at sides andelbows at sides andshoulders relaxedshoulders relaxed

16" to 18" in front of their16" to 18" in front of theirbodybody



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Work Station Reach ZoneWork Station Reach Zone

MAXIMUM REACH ZONEMAXIMUM REACH ZONE

How far they can reach,How far they can reach,

without leaning forwardwithout leaning forward 26" to 34" in front of their body26" to 34" in front of their body

Less frequently used itemsLess frequently used items



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CUSTOMIZING THE WORK STATIONCUSTOMIZING THE WORK STATION

Receptionist's Work AreaReceptionist's Work AreaAccountant's Work AreaAccountant's Work Area



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Determined by location of keyboard relative toDetermined by location of keyboard relative towork areawork area

Identified by laterality of writing surfaceIdentified by laterality of writing surface

LEFT HANDED WORK STATIONLEFT HANDED WORK STATIONRIGHT HANDED WORK STATIONRIGHT HANDED WORK STATION



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SEATEDSEATED

WORKSTATIONWORKSTATIONSTANDINGSTANDING

WORKSTATIONWORKSTATION


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Items to be handledItems to be handled

< 10 lbs< 10 lbs Fine-motor tasksFine-motor tasks

predominate workpredominate work

Hand < 6 inchesHand < 6 inches

from work stationfrom work station

All items withinAll items within

reach from seatedreach from seated

position.position.


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Top of computerTop of computermonitor in line withmonitor in line withworkers eyeworkers eye

Allow for downwardAllow for downward

gaze angle of 15gaze angle of 15degrees (maintain thedegrees (maintain thecervical lordotic)cervical lordotic)


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Individual with eyeglass:Individual with eyeglass:

Pay particular attention toplacement of monitor

Unknowingly tilting head

backward may lead to neckand shoulder discomfort

Potential Solution:

a. Lower monitor

b. Eyeglass specific for

computer



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Adjust the tilt of the monitor so that the screenAdjust the tilt of the monitor so that the screenis free of glareis free of glare

ILT THE MONITOR

OWN SLIGHTLY

MONITOR ATRIGHT

ANGLE WITHLIGHT

SOURCE

USE GLARESCREEN

USE FILEFOLDER OR

A SCREENHOOD



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Worker directly inWorker directly in

front of the screenfront of the screen

((Decrease excessiveDecrease excessive

cervical rotation orcervical rotation orcoupled side bending)coupled side bending)

Optimum distanceOptimum distance

from monitor is 12 tofrom monitor is 12 to

18 inches or one arm18 inches or one arm

lengthlength

Too closeToo close eyestraineyestrain

Too farToo far slouchslouchforwardforward

thus increase thethus increase the

stress in thestress in the

spinespine


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ARMRESTS:ARMRESTS:

Elbows at


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UPPER EXTREMITYUPPER EXTREMITY

POSITIONPOSITION Neutral,shoulderNeutral,shoulder

s relax at sides relax at side Elbows flexed toElbows flexed to

70-90 degrees70-90 degrees


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HEIGHT OF THEHEIGHT OF THE

WORKSTATIONWORKSTATIONToo highToo high

Abduct or elevate theAbduct or elevate the

shouldershoulder

Increase sustainedIncrease sustained

muscle contractionmuscle contraction

Compensates with wristCompensates with wrist

ulnar deviationulnar deviation

Too lowToo low Slouch in chairSlouch in chair

Rounding of upper backRounding of upper back

Flattening of lumbarFlattening of lumbar

lordosislordosis

Increase in forward headIncrease in forward head


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HEIGHTHEIGHT

Allow goodAllow goodclearance whileclearance while

feet place on thefeet place on the

floorfloor KneesKnees

maintained inmaintained in

90-105 degrees90-105 degrees


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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERSKIM A. DECENA, MD 1-20-09

Too lowToo low

Increase pressure in ischialIncrease pressure in ischialtuberositytuberosity

Increase elbow flexion andIncrease elbow flexion and

wristwrist

extension as worker reachesextension as worker reaches

for thefor thekeyboardkeyboard

Too highToo high

Forced to sit forward in chairForced to sit forward in chair

without lumbar supportwithout lumbar support Increase com ressive forcesIncrease com ressive forces

HEIGHTHEIGHT


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Allow 1-4 inchesAllow 1-4 inches

between the poplitealbetween the poplitealfossa and the front offossa and the front of

the seatthe seatShorterShorter

Require the buttocks andRequire the buttocks and

upper thigh to sustainupper thigh to sustainexcessive pressureexcessive pressure

LongerLonger

Impede circulationImpede circulation

behind kneesbehind knees

SEAT DEPTHSEAT DEPTH


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Reduce fatigueReduce fatigue

(decreasing(decreasing

sustainedsustained

contraction of thecontraction of the

back muscle)back muscle) Deep to support theDeep to support the

lumbar curve whilelumbar curve while

maintaining themaintaining the

thoracic spine inthoracic spine in

BACKBACK

RESTREST


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Handle object moreHandle object more

thanthan10 lbs10 lbs

Extended reach isExtended reach is

requiredrequired Move betweenMove between

stationstation

OccupationOccupation

requiringrequiring


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Y WORK IS COMPLETED IN THE LOWEST WORK HEIGY WORK IS COMPLETED IN THE LOWEST WORK HEIG

75-90 cms for MEN75-90 cms for MEN

70-85 cms for WOMEN


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LIGHT WORK IS COMPLETED IN THELIGHT WORK IS COMPLETED IN THE

FOLLOWING LEVELSFOLLOWING LEVELS

90-95cms for MEN90-95cms for MEN

85-90cms85-90cmsfor WOMENfor WOMEN

Allow activities to be

completed 5 cmsbelow the

waistline.

LIGHT


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N WORK SHOULD BE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING LEVN WORK SHOULD BE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING LEV

100-110 cms for MEN00-110 cms for MEN95-105 cmsfor WOMEN

Allow work to be

completed app. 7-10cms,

above waist line, arm

parallel with the floor


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Total body posture isTotal body posture is

importantimportantPractice adjusting your workPractice adjusting your work

station to achieve neutralstation to achieve neutral

postureposture


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Avoid static positionsAvoid static positions

PROLONG SITTING Increase IVPROLONG SITTING Increase IV

disc pressuredisc pressurePoolingPooling

of blood into theof blood into the

legslegs

Change position every 20-30 minutesChange position every 20-30 minutes

to increase blood circulationto increase blood circulation

Alternating work task with 5 minsAlternating work task with 5 mins

break/hrbreak/hr


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90 DEGREE POSTURE90 DEGREE POSTURE RECLINING POSTURERECLINING POSTURE

FORWARD TILT POSTUREFORWARD TILT POSTURE

STANDING POSTURESTANDING POSTURE


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90 DEGREE POSTURE90 DEGREE POSTURE

Elbows, hips and knees bent at rightElbows, hips and knees bent at rightangles and feet flat on the floor or on aangles and feet flat on the floor or on afootrest.footrest.

Biomechanically correctBiomechanically correct



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RECLINING POSTURERECLINING POSTURE

Lean back 10Lean back 10oo - 20- 20oo into the chair'sinto the chair's

backrest feet out in front to openbackrest feet out in front to openup the angle at hips and knees.up the angle at hips and knees.

Helps relax back muscles andHelps relax back muscles andpromotes blood circulation.promotes blood circulation.

Leaning back too far result inLeaning back too far result in

awkward neck posture trying toawkward neck posture trying tokeep head upright.keep head upright.



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FORWARD TILT POSTUREFORWARD TILT POSTURE

Raise height of chair's seat a fewRaise height of chair's seat a fewinches and tilt the front of itinches and tilt the front of itdownward about 8downward about 8oo..

Open up hip angle and allow toOpen up hip angle and allow tosupport some of weight usingsupport some of weight usinglegs rather than having it all restlegs rather than having it all reston hips and the backs of thighs.on hips and the backs of thighs.

May not find this postureMay not find this posture

comfortable if you have knee orcomfortable if you have knee orfoot problems.foot problems.

Contoured chair seat can help toContoured chair seat can help tohold you in place.hold you in place.



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NEGATIVENEGATIVE

TILTTILT


POSITIVE TILTPOSITIVE TILT


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WHEN POSITIONING THE CURSORHEN POSITIONING THE CURSORWITH A POINTING DEVICEITH A POINTING DEVICE



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Place the pointing device closePlace the pointing device close

to the keyboardto the keyboard



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Arm and hand areArm and hand are

dropped onto thedropped onto the

mouse as onemouse as one Drape hand overDrape hand over

the mousethe mouse

Small circularSmall circularmotionsmotions

Click by midClick by mid

section of thesection of the

fingerfingerBVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09


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FOCUSING REQUIRES MUSCLES OF EYES TOFOCUSING REQUIRES MUSCLES OF EYES TO

KEEP IMAGE SHARPKEEP IMAGE SHARP

EYE SHIFT FROM DOCUMENT TO MONITOREYE SHIFT FROM DOCUMENT TO MONITOR

REQUIRESREQUIRESREFOCUSINGREFOCUSING EYE FATIGUE, EYESTRAIN OREYE FATIGUE, EYESTRAIN OR

HEADACHEHEADACHE


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Line of visionLine of vision

Same distance or closerSame distance or closer

than the monitorthan the monitor

Look at document andLook at document and

monitor by moving eyesmonitor by moving eyes

onlyonly

Next to monitor orNext to monitor or

between monitor andbetween monitor and

keyboardkeyboard


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Shorter (1-3 mins), more frequentShorter (1-3 mins), more frequent

(every 30-60 mins.)(every 30-60 mins.)

breaks( microbreaks or recoverybreaks( microbreaks or recovery

pause) given with usual breakspause) given with usual breaks

reduce discomfortreduce discomfort

Change positions periodically canChange positions periodically canpromote circulationpromote circulation



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Reach behind head and placehand on upper back, keepingyour arm close to your ear.

Gently hold elbow with opposite

hand.Pull elbow toward the back ofyour head and reach handtoward the middle of back untilyou feel a gentle stretch.

Hold for 15 seconds.Relax, and repeat on the otherside

OFFICE ERGONOMICS



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ss hands away from body to stretch arms and shoulders.

e fingers together and turn palms facing out.

aighten arms in front of you.

ld for 15 seconds.

ax and repeat.

OFFICE ERGONOMICS



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s the muscles of your chest, upper back and the back of neck.

ers together behind the head, bringing elbows back as far as

eply and lean back until feel muscles stretching.

20 seconds.

elax and repeat.

OFFICE ERGONOMICS



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Tilt head toward oneside, gently pushing ear

toward your shoulder.Hold for 15 seconds.

Lift your head into anormal, upright position.

Relax, and repeat threetimes on each side

OFFICE ERGONOMICS



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Slowly bring shoulders up toward your ears.

Hold for three seconds.

Then, roll shoulders back and down.

Relax and repeat five to 10 times

OFFICE ERGONOMICS



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Sit forward in chair so that there's alittle room between back and theback of the chair.

Face forward and cross your right

leg over left.Put left hand on right knee, andgently pull toward left side

while slowly turning head andshoulders to the right.

Keep turning until you see the wallbehind your right shoulder. Don'tforce the turn go just until you feela nice stretch in your back. Hold foreight to 10 seconds.

Relax and repeat on the other side.

OFFICE ERGONOMICS



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Move to the front of the chair

Interlace your fingers behind theback and feel the palms touchingeach other

Stretch feeling felt in front of thechest and shoulders

An easier alternative is to claspthe hands together using just thefingers and not the palms

Take a deep breath in and let theshoulders move even furtherbackwards, letting the head fallback as well (this opens up thefront of the neck).

OFFICE ERGONOMICS



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OFFICE ERGONOMICS



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OFFICE ERGONOMICS

Video Lower back stretches and hip stretches for the office - MayoClinic.com.flv



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OFFICE ERGONOMICS

Video Lower back stretches, standing, for the office - MayoClinic.com.flv



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OFFICE ERGONOMICS

Video Neck stretches for the office - MayoClinic.com.flv



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OFFICE ERGONOMICS

Video Shoulder stretches and upper back stretches for the office - MayoClinic.com.flv



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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIM- -


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ERGONOMIC BVT