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Era V; Unit 6
WHII.6 Asia 1500- 1800CE
text in orange is for notes
Analyze this primary source:
İznik Tiles from TopkapiTopkapi Palace in İstanbul, Turkey, was the residence of the Ottoman sultans for hundreds of years. Today, it is a museum where the artistic treasures of the sultans are on view. Many of the rooms are lined with exquisite ceramic tiles like these from İznik, which was the center of Turkish pottery.
The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,
cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500
A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by
• a) locating Asian empires in time and place and identifying major geographic features;
Identify places by number:
Asian Empires from about 1500 A.D. (C.E.) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E.)
• Map and take notes on these places:
– Ottoman Empire
– Mughal Empire
– Chinese dynasties
– Japanese shogunate
• On this map
Eurasia
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
Major Geographic Features of Asia
• Also draw and/ or label:
– Asia Minor
– Indian subcontinent
– Himalayan Mountains
– Indian Ocean
– South China Sea
– Arabian Peninsula
Eurasia
The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,
cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500
A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by
• b) describing the location and development of social and cultural patterns of the Ottoman Empire;
I. Ottoman Empire
Battle Between the Turks and Christians
Original location of the Ottoman Empire= Asia Minor
Asia Minor
Ottoman Empire
A. Expansion and Extent of the Ottoman Empire
1. Southwest Asia
2. Southeastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula
3. North Africa
Southwest Asia
Southeastern Europe
Balkan Peninsula
North Africa
B. Development of the Ottoman Empire
1. Capital at Constantinople renamed Istanbul
2. Islam= unifying force (Islamic religion as a unifying force that accepted other religions)
3. Trade in coffee and ceramics
a) 1500s- Europe is introduced to coffee
b) So is the Ottoman Empire!
c) Import coffee
d) Export ceramics
C. Social and Cultural Patterns
1. Hagia Sophia 2. Mosques and religious complexes built by
Sinan1490- 1588 chief Ottoman architect and civil
engineer for the SultansMore than 300 projects (mosques and schools)
3. Developments in architecture, calligraphy, manuscript painting, textiles, and ceramics
CERAMICS
•16th-century Turkish mug-during the Ottoman Empire
•The floral and calligraphic designs are similar to those found in most Islamic art
Suleiman the
Magnificent
The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,
cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500
A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by
• c) describing the location and development of social and cultural patterns of India, with emphasis on the Mughal Empire and coastal trade;
II. Mughal India
A. Location of the Mughal Empire
• North India (at its greatest extent- c. 1700CE)
B. Contributions of Mughal rulers
1. Spread of Islam into India
2. Art and architecture: Taj Mahal
3. Establishment of European trading outposts
4. Influence of Indian textiles on British textile industry
Contributions of Mughal rulers• Mongol descendents…
– Central Asian descendents
of the great Mongol
warriors Ghengis Khan and
Timur (Tamerlane)
• began in 1526, invaded and
ruled most of South Asia by
the late 17th and early 18th
centuries by forming alliance
with Indian Maharaja, and
ended in the mid-19th century
Mughal Empire
• founded by the Mongol leader Babur in 1526
• he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Afghan Lodi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat, where they used gunpowder for the first time in India
"Shah jahan on a globe" • Commissioned the
Taj Mahal for his wife
Mughal India
• INFLUENCE OF INDIAN TEXTILES ON BRITISH TEXTILE INDUSTRY:
• Good for Britain
– Less expensive cotton than from the American South
• Bad for India
– They start growing cotton instead of food-leads to starvation
–One of the downfalls of the Mughal Empire
C. Trade with European nations
1. Portugal, England, and the Netherlands competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian subcontinent.
2. Southern India traded silks, spices, and gems
joint stock companies
• acted on behalf of European governments in Asia
• private mercantilist tools with a guarantied trade monopoly in exchange of rights paid to their respective governments
• almost states by themselves with their own ships (military and merchant) and military forces
• initial goal was to develop trade links for prized commodities such as pepper and as time progressed they became increasingly involved in the control and development of their respective territories
joint stock companies
• Dutch East India Company, Trade Network, 17th Century
• The Dutch East India Company (VOC)
– founded in 1602
– often considered as the first true multinational corporation
• East India Trading Company= British counterpart
– came to rule large swathes of India, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions
The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,
cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500
A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by
• d) describing the location and development of social and cultural patterns of China, with emphasis on the Qing (Manchu) dynasty ;
III. ChinaA. Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences
and trade
1. Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade
2. Increase in European demand for Chinese goods (tea, porcelain)
Silk
• In the 2600s BC, people in China begin weaving fibers from silkworm cocoons into fabric.
• Silk soon becomes a major trade item.
• China keeps the silk-making process a secret until about AD 550.
Chinese Create First True Porcelain
• The first true porcelain, translucent stoneware, is made in China during the Tang dynasty.
• Tang craftsmen also perfect a three-color glaze that is so popular it becomes a staple Chinese trade item.
B. Manchu
• 1. The Qing dynasty or empire, also called the Manchu dynasty or empire was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912
• It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty
• 2. Succeeded by the Republic of China
• The Qing, or Manchu, was a multi-cultural empire
• It lasted almost three centuries and formed the territorial base for the modern Chinese state
China 1600- 1900
Zheng He
• 1405-1431 seven voyages of exploration
• first- approx. 28,000 men sailed 62 ships
• brought great profits
• worried Confucian traditionalists
• trade= unworthy activity
Visitors to China• 1514 Portuguese trading fleet arrives off China coast• Chinese emperor unimpressed!
– Europeans= barbarians– Expelled Portuguese from Guangzhou (Canton)– Allowed to occupy Macao
• Jesuits– Impressed Chinese with devices such as clocks and
eyeglasses– Jesuits impressed by Chinese architecture and book
printing– Exchange of ideas
• Jesuits impressed by the teachings of Confuscius• Jesuits teach Christianity to Chinese
Qing dynasty • Qing government sold trade privileges to Europeans
• limited contact
– confined traders to a small island (foreign enclaves)
– traders could stay there only for certain months of the year
• 1793 Lord George Macartneytried for more trade
• Chinese emperor told King George III that China had not need of “your country’s manufacturers.”
China rejects the manufactures of Britain
• China was wary of foreign influences
• Confucian traditionalism
• Emperor was insulted that such a great dynasty would be thought to need anything from foreign countries
• China can get by on its own
Opium Wars• Second half of the Qing dynasty
• Western powers reaped huge profits by importing the addictive drug opium into China
• China’s efforts to curb the opium trade were unsuccessful and led to defeats in the First and Second Opium Wars
• (1839-1842, 1856-1860)
Opium Wars-China cedes Hong Kong to Britain
By 1890, it is estimated that over 15 million Chinese were addicted to opium.
Manchu Dynasty
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxhskEPNlh0
The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,
cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500
A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by
• e) describing the location and development of social and cultural patterns in Japan, with emphasis on the Japanese shogunate; and
IV. Japan
A. Characterized by a powerless emperor controlled by a military leader (shogun)
B. Adopted policy of isolation to limit foreign influences
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRzBKZrqQQk
Mount Fuji, Japan (Tokyo)
a powerless Emperor- shogun rule
Minamoto Yoritomo
• Japan’s first shogun
• established a feudal military administration
• set the pattern for governmental structure in Japan
• until the Meiji restoration of 1868
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Castle of the White Crane
Japanese trade- post 1500 CE
• Europeans in Japan (Portuguese 1543)
• Regular trade with Japan, China, and Southeast Asia
• Japanese welcomed visitors– tobacco
– clocks
– eyeglasses
– rulers interested in European weapons
• Jesuits– Francis Xavier 1549
– thousands convert to Christianity
firearms
• arrival of the Portuguese
– the Japanese learned the use of firearms
– soon began to manufacture themselves
• firearms decisively changed the face of Japanese warfare
– horse-riding warrior obsolete
• had dominated the battlefield for centuries
native Shinto faith (portable shrine)
Tokugawa Ieyasu expels missionaries and merchants
• Jesuits would destroy shrines
• Jesuits expelled
• Japanese Christians persecuted
• European merchants expelled
• only a small Dutch presence permitted
– Nagasaki- only once a year
– 2 or 3 months
isolation to limit foreign influence
• 1630s the shogunate issued a series of decrees
• forbidding imports of Christian books
• prohibiting travel or trade outside the country
• and forbidding the construction of ocean-going vessels
• Christianity= “pernicious doctrine”
(pernicious= causing serious harm)
• So… the Tokugawa political system successfully maintained domestic peace until the mid-19th century
samurai
• No longer needed as warriors
• the samurai instead served as officials in the shogunalor daimyo governments
• reading, writing, and arithmetic- more important skills
• horsemanship, swordsmanship, and archery- not so much
The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,
cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500
A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by
• f) comparing and contrasting the political and economic systems of Asian empires.
• V. Compare Each (for graphic organizer)
A. Ottoman Empire
1. Political System: centralized bureaucratic government ruled by a sultan (political and religious leader)
2. Economic System: Located at the crossroads of trade between Europe and Asia, economy based on trade and agriculture
B. Mughal Empire
1. Political System: centralized bureaucratic government ruled by a Muslim emperor
2. Economic System: Dependence on trade with foreign nations (Europe), economy based on trade and agriculture
C. China
1. Political System: centralized bureaucratic government ruled by a Qing (Manchu) dynasty emperor
2. Economic System: economy based largely on agriculture, resistance to trade with European nations
D. Japan
• Political System: government ruled by a powerful shogun, had a powerless emperor
• Economic System: reliance on maritime trade within the empire, desire to expand to find resources
Early 1900s
PRACTICE QUIZNumber your paper 1- 10
1. What is the name of the Muslim empire in India?
• Ottoman
• Mughal
• Dynasty
• Shogunate
2. What mountains separate India and China?
• Hindu Kush
• Alps
• Himalayas
• Everests
3. The Ottomans traded which two commodities?
• Salt and gold
• Silk and opium
• Coffee and ceramics
• Cotton and gunpowder
4. The Taj Mahal is best described as the following:
• Indian mosque
• Muslim mausoleum
• Mughal monastery
• Hindu temple
5. Southern India traded…
• Ceramics and coffee
• Cotton, coffee, and sugar
• Textiles and tobacco
• Silks, spices, and gems
6. These European nations traded with India:
• Russia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia
• Portugal, Netherlands, and England
• Ireland, Spain, and France
• Germany, England, and France
7. China had this policy concerning European trade:
• First come, first served
• Unlimited interactions utilizing trade ports
• Utilized opportunity to take advantage
• Limited trade through use of enclaves
8. China’s Opium Wars were caused by:
• Western powers exporting Opium to the world
• China resisting western powers bringing Opium in to China
• China’s policy of introducing Opium to its people
• Chinese powers fighting over control of Opium trade
9. Japan’s military leader was called a…
• Samurai
• Ninja
• Emperor
• Shogun
10. Japan had this policy concerning European trade:
• First come, first served
• Unlimited interactions utilizing trade ports
• Utilized opportunity to take advantage
• Limited trade through isolation
PRACTICE QUIZNow let’s see how well you know some basic facts
1. What is the name of the Muslim empire in India?
• Ottoman
• Mughal
• Dynasty
• Shogunate
2. What mountains separate India and China?
• Hindu Kush
• Alps
• Himalayas
• Everests
3. The Ottomans traded which two commodities?
• Salt and gold
• Silk and opium
• Coffee and ceramics
• Cotton and gunpowder
4. The Taj Mahal is best described as the following:
• Indian mosque
• Muslim mausoleum
• Mughal monastery
• Hindu temple
5. Southern India traded…
• Ceramics and coffee
• Cotton, coffee, and sugar
• Textiles and tobacco
• Silks, spices, and gems
6. These European nations traded with India:
• Russia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia
• Portugal, Netherlands, and England
• Ireland, Spain, and France
• Germany, England, and France
7. China had this policy concerning European trade:
• First come, first served
• Unlimited interactions utilizing trade ports
• Utilized opportunity to take advantage
• Limited trade through use of enclaves
8. China’s Opium Wars were caused by:
• Western powers exporting Opium to the world
• China resisting western powers bringing Opium in to China
• China’s policy of introducing Opium to its people
• Chinese powers fighting over control of Opium trade
9. Japan’s military leader was called a…
• Samurai
• Ninja
• Emperor
• Shogun
10. Japan had this policy concerning European trade:
• First come, first served
• Unlimited interactions utilizing trade ports
• Utilized opportunity to take advantage
• Limited trade through isolation