Era V; Unit 6

WHII.6 Asia 1500- 1800CE

text in orange is for notes

Analyze this primary source:

İznik Tiles from TopkapiTopkapi Palace in İstanbul, Turkey, was the residence of the Ottoman sultans for hundreds of years. Today, it is a museum where the artistic treasures of the sultans are on view. Many of the rooms are lined with exquisite ceramic tiles like these from İznik, which was the center of Turkish pottery.

The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,

cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500

A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by

• a) locating Asian empires in time and place and identifying major geographic features;

Identify places by number:

Asian Empires from about 1500 A.D. (C.E.) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E.)

• Map and take notes on these places:

– Ottoman Empire

– Mughal Empire

– Chinese dynasties

– Japanese shogunate

• On this map

Eurasia

Ottoman Empire

Mughal Empire

Major Geographic Features of Asia

• Also draw and/ or label:

– Asia Minor

– Indian subcontinent

– Himalayan Mountains

– Indian Ocean

– South China Sea

– Arabian Peninsula

Eurasia

The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,

cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500

A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by

• b) describing the location and development of social and cultural patterns of the Ottoman Empire;

I. Ottoman Empire

Battle Between the Turks and Christians

Original location of the Ottoman Empire= Asia Minor

Asia Minor

Ottoman Empire

A. Expansion and Extent of the Ottoman Empire

1. Southwest Asia

2. Southeastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula

3. North Africa

Southwest Asia

Southeastern Europe

Balkan Peninsula

North Africa

B. Development of the Ottoman Empire

1. Capital at Constantinople renamed Istanbul

2. Islam= unifying force (Islamic religion as a unifying force that accepted other religions)

3. Trade in coffee and ceramics

a) 1500s- Europe is introduced to coffee

b) So is the Ottoman Empire!

c) Import coffee

d) Export ceramics

C. Social and Cultural Patterns

1. Hagia Sophia 2. Mosques and religious complexes built by

Sinan1490- 1588 chief Ottoman architect and civil

engineer for the SultansMore than 300 projects (mosques and schools)

3. Developments in architecture, calligraphy, manuscript painting, textiles, and ceramics

CERAMICS

•16th-century Turkish mug-during the Ottoman Empire

•The floral and calligraphic designs are similar to those found in most Islamic art

Suleiman the

Magnificent

The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,

cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500

A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by

• c) describing the location and development of social and cultural patterns of India, with emphasis on the Mughal Empire and coastal trade;

II. Mughal India

A. Location of the Mughal Empire

• North India (at its greatest extent- c. 1700CE)

B. Contributions of Mughal rulers

1. Spread of Islam into India

2. Art and architecture: Taj Mahal

3. Establishment of European trading outposts

4. Influence of Indian textiles on British textile industry

Contributions of Mughal rulers• Mongol descendents…

– Central Asian descendents

of the great Mongol

warriors Ghengis Khan and

Timur (Tamerlane)

• began in 1526, invaded and

ruled most of South Asia by

the late 17th and early 18th

centuries by forming alliance

with Indian Maharaja, and

ended in the mid-19th century

Mughal Empire

• founded by the Mongol leader Babur in 1526

• he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Afghan Lodi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat, where they used gunpowder for the first time in India

"Shah jahan on a globe" • Commissioned the

Taj Mahal for his wife

Mughal India

• INFLUENCE OF INDIAN TEXTILES ON BRITISH TEXTILE INDUSTRY:

• Good for Britain

– Less expensive cotton than from the American South

• Bad for India

– They start growing cotton instead of food-leads to starvation

–One of the downfalls of the Mughal Empire

C. Trade with European nations

1. Portugal, England, and the Netherlands competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian subcontinent.

2. Southern India traded silks, spices, and gems

joint stock companies

• acted on behalf of European governments in Asia

• private mercantilist tools with a guarantied trade monopoly in exchange of rights paid to their respective governments

• almost states by themselves with their own ships (military and merchant) and military forces

• initial goal was to develop trade links for prized commodities such as pepper and as time progressed they became increasingly involved in the control and development of their respective territories

joint stock companies

• Dutch East India Company, Trade Network, 17th Century

• The Dutch East India Company (VOC)

– founded in 1602

– often considered as the first true multinational corporation

• East India Trading Company= British counterpart

– came to rule large swathes of India, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions

The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,

cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500

A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by

• d) describing the location and development of social and cultural patterns of China, with emphasis on the Qing (Manchu) dynasty ;

III. ChinaA. Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences

and trade

1. Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade

2. Increase in European demand for Chinese goods (tea, porcelain)

Silk

• In the 2600s BC, people in China begin weaving fibers from silkworm cocoons into fabric.

• Silk soon becomes a major trade item.

• China keeps the silk-making process a secret until about AD 550.

Chinese Create First True Porcelain

• The first true porcelain, translucent stoneware, is made in China during the Tang dynasty.

• Tang craftsmen also perfect a three-color glaze that is so popular it becomes a staple Chinese trade item.

B. Manchu

• 1. The Qing dynasty or empire, also called the Manchu dynasty or empire was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912

• It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty

• 2. Succeeded by the Republic of China

• The Qing, or Manchu, was a multi-cultural empire

• It lasted almost three centuries and formed the territorial base for the modern Chinese state

China 1600- 1900

Zheng He

• 1405-1431 seven voyages of exploration

• first- approx. 28,000 men sailed 62 ships

• brought great profits

• worried Confucian traditionalists

• trade= unworthy activity

Visitors to China• 1514 Portuguese trading fleet arrives off China coast• Chinese emperor unimpressed!

– Europeans= barbarians– Expelled Portuguese from Guangzhou (Canton)– Allowed to occupy Macao

• Jesuits– Impressed Chinese with devices such as clocks and

eyeglasses– Jesuits impressed by Chinese architecture and book

printing– Exchange of ideas

• Jesuits impressed by the teachings of Confuscius• Jesuits teach Christianity to Chinese

Qing dynasty • Qing government sold trade privileges to Europeans

• limited contact

– confined traders to a small island (foreign enclaves)

– traders could stay there only for certain months of the year

• 1793 Lord George Macartneytried for more trade

• Chinese emperor told King George III that China had not need of “your country’s manufacturers.”

China rejects the manufactures of Britain

• China was wary of foreign influences

• Confucian traditionalism

• Emperor was insulted that such a great dynasty would be thought to need anything from foreign countries

• China can get by on its own

Opium Wars• Second half of the Qing dynasty

• Western powers reaped huge profits by importing the addictive drug opium into China

• China’s efforts to curb the opium trade were unsuccessful and led to defeats in the First and Second Opium Wars

• (1839-1842, 1856-1860)

Opium Wars-China cedes Hong Kong to Britain

By 1890, it is estimated that over 15 million Chinese were addicted to opium.

Manchu Dynasty

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxhskEPNlh0

The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,

cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500

A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by

• e) describing the location and development of social and cultural patterns in Japan, with emphasis on the Japanese shogunate; and

IV. Japan

A. Characterized by a powerless emperor controlled by a military leader (shogun)

B. Adopted policy of isolation to limit foreign influences

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRzBKZrqQQk

Mount Fuji, Japan (Tokyo)

a powerless Emperor- shogun rule

Minamoto Yoritomo

• Japan’s first shogun

• established a feudal military administration

• set the pattern for governmental structure in Japan

• until the Meiji restoration of 1868

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Castle of the White Crane

Japanese trade- post 1500 CE

• Europeans in Japan (Portuguese 1543)

• Regular trade with Japan, China, and Southeast Asia

• Japanese welcomed visitors– tobacco

– clocks

– eyeglasses

– rulers interested in European weapons

• Jesuits– Francis Xavier 1549

– thousands convert to Christianity

firearms

• arrival of the Portuguese

– the Japanese learned the use of firearms

– soon began to manufacture themselves

• firearms decisively changed the face of Japanese warfare

– horse-riding warrior obsolete

• had dominated the battlefield for centuries

native Shinto faith (portable shrine)

Tokugawa Ieyasu expels missionaries and merchants

• Jesuits would destroy shrines

• Jesuits expelled

• Japanese Christians persecuted

• European merchants expelled

• only a small Dutch presence permitted

– Nagasaki- only once a year

– 2 or 3 months

isolation to limit foreign influence

• 1630s the shogunate issued a series of decrees

• forbidding imports of Christian books

• prohibiting travel or trade outside the country

• and forbidding the construction of ocean-going vessels

• Christianity= “pernicious doctrine”

(pernicious= causing serious harm)

• So… the Tokugawa political system successfully maintained domestic peace until the mid-19th century

samurai

• No longer needed as warriors

• the samurai instead served as officials in the shogunalor daimyo governments

• reading, writing, and arithmetic- more important skills

• horsemanship, swordsmanship, and archery- not so much

The student will apply social science skills to understand the political,

cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in Asia from about 1500

A.D. (C.E) to about 1800 A.D. (C.E) by

• f) comparing and contrasting the political and economic systems of Asian empires.

• V. Compare Each (for graphic organizer)

A. Ottoman Empire

1. Political System: centralized bureaucratic government ruled by a sultan (political and religious leader)

2. Economic System: Located at the crossroads of trade between Europe and Asia, economy based on trade and agriculture

B. Mughal Empire

1. Political System: centralized bureaucratic government ruled by a Muslim emperor

2. Economic System: Dependence on trade with foreign nations (Europe), economy based on trade and agriculture

C. China

1. Political System: centralized bureaucratic government ruled by a Qing (Manchu) dynasty emperor

2. Economic System: economy based largely on agriculture, resistance to trade with European nations

D. Japan

• Political System: government ruled by a powerful shogun, had a powerless emperor

• Economic System: reliance on maritime trade within the empire, desire to expand to find resources

Early 1900s

PRACTICE QUIZNumber your paper 1- 10

1. What is the name of the Muslim empire in India?

• Ottoman

• Mughal

• Dynasty

• Shogunate

2. What mountains separate India and China?

• Hindu Kush

• Alps

• Himalayas

• Everests

3. The Ottomans traded which two commodities?

• Salt and gold

• Silk and opium

• Coffee and ceramics

• Cotton and gunpowder

4. The Taj Mahal is best described as the following:

• Indian mosque

• Muslim mausoleum

• Mughal monastery

• Hindu temple

5. Southern India traded…

• Ceramics and coffee

• Cotton, coffee, and sugar

• Textiles and tobacco

• Silks, spices, and gems

6. These European nations traded with India:

• Russia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia

• Portugal, Netherlands, and England

• Ireland, Spain, and France

• Germany, England, and France

7. China had this policy concerning European trade:

• First come, first served

• Unlimited interactions utilizing trade ports

• Utilized opportunity to take advantage

• Limited trade through use of enclaves

8. China’s Opium Wars were caused by:

• Western powers exporting Opium to the world

• China resisting western powers bringing Opium in to China

• China’s policy of introducing Opium to its people

• Chinese powers fighting over control of Opium trade

9. Japan’s military leader was called a…

• Samurai

• Ninja

• Emperor

• Shogun

10. Japan had this policy concerning European trade:

• First come, first served

• Unlimited interactions utilizing trade ports

• Utilized opportunity to take advantage

• Limited trade through isolation

PRACTICE QUIZNow let’s see how well you know some basic facts

1. What is the name of the Muslim empire in India?

• Ottoman

• Mughal

• Dynasty

• Shogunate

2. What mountains separate India and China?

• Hindu Kush

• Alps

• Himalayas

• Everests

3. The Ottomans traded which two commodities?

• Salt and gold

• Silk and opium

• Coffee and ceramics

• Cotton and gunpowder

4. The Taj Mahal is best described as the following:

• Indian mosque

• Muslim mausoleum

• Mughal monastery

• Hindu temple

5. Southern India traded…

• Ceramics and coffee

• Cotton, coffee, and sugar

• Textiles and tobacco

• Silks, spices, and gems

6. These European nations traded with India:

• Russia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia

• Portugal, Netherlands, and England

• Ireland, Spain, and France

• Germany, England, and France

7. China had this policy concerning European trade:

• First come, first served

• Unlimited interactions utilizing trade ports

• Utilized opportunity to take advantage

• Limited trade through use of enclaves

8. China’s Opium Wars were caused by:

• Western powers exporting Opium to the world

• China resisting western powers bringing Opium in to China

• China’s policy of introducing Opium to its people

• Chinese powers fighting over control of Opium trade

9. Japan’s military leader was called a…

• Samurai

• Ninja

• Emperor

• Shogun

10. Japan had this policy concerning European trade:

• First come, first served

• Unlimited interactions utilizing trade ports

• Utilized opportunity to take advantage

• Limited trade through isolation