Era of ReformEra of Reform

Reasons for ReformReasons for ReformTemperance and The BottleTemperance and The Bottle

Prison and AsylumPrison and AsylumEducation and LeadershipEducation and Leadership

The Age of ReformThe Age of Reform Reasons:Reasons:

The Great Awakening sparked interest that the The Great Awakening sparked interest that the individual could control their destiny and that individual could control their destiny and that “good deeds” will make the nation a better place “good deeds” will make the nation a better place

The middle-class feel that they should be models of The middle-class feel that they should be models of behavior for the “unmannered and ill-behaved”behavior for the “unmannered and ill-behaved”

Finally, women are driving forces for reform Finally, women are driving forces for reform because they are no longer kept at home and now because they are no longer kept at home and now have a voice (predominantly in the church) have a voice (predominantly in the church)

The Temperance MovementThe Temperance Movement

Lyman Beecher, a Lyman Beecher, a minister preached that minister preached that drinking led to adultery, drinking led to adultery, poverty and crimepoverty and crime

Under Beecher millions Under Beecher millions of Americans confess of Americans confess they “have fallen into they “have fallen into the hands of sin” and the hands of sin” and pledge to stop drinkingpledge to stop drinking

The Temperance MovementThe Temperance Movement

In 1830, Americans drink In 1830, Americans drink an average of 5 gallons of an average of 5 gallons of liquor a yearliquor a year

Reformers argue that Reformers argue that drinking causes domestic drinking causes domestic violence, public rowdiness violence, public rowdiness and loss of family incomeand loss of family income

The real problem is The real problem is Americans have the habit Americans have the habit of drinking all dayof drinking all day

Asylums and Prison ReformAsylums and Prison Reform

Dorothea Dix addressed Dorothea Dix addressed how the insane were how the insane were treated treated

She found that the She found that the insane were “degraded, insane were “degraded, beaten, naked and beaten, naked and chained” in prisons with chained” in prisons with criminalscriminals

She urged lawmakers to She urged lawmakers to build public asylumsbuild public asylums

Asylums and Prison ReformAsylums and Prison Reform

Dorothea also discovered that people were placed in Dorothea also discovered that people were placed in prisons for debt, people were subjected to cruel prisons for debt, people were subjected to cruel punishment and children were not treated any punishment and children were not treated any different than adultsdifferent than adults

She is responsible for helping eliminate sentencing She is responsible for helping eliminate sentencing for debt, ending cruel punishment and getting states for debt, ending cruel punishment and getting states to establish juvenile court systemsto establish juvenile court systems

She argues that people can change if they are placed She argues that people can change if they are placed in proper environments and given an educationin proper environments and given an education

Prison LifePrison Life

Education ReformEducation Reform

Only the wealthy were Only the wealthy were able to get a good quality able to get a good quality educationeducation

Horace Mann, pushed for Horace Mann, pushed for public education funded public education funded by taxesby taxes

He argued that He argued that “education was the great “education was the great equalizer” for the poor equalizer” for the poor and minoritiesand minorities

Educational ReformEducational Reform

In 1837, Olberlin In 1837, Olberlin College begins College begins admitting women and admitting women and African AmericansAfrican Americans

In cities young boys at In cities young boys at 14 left school to work 14 left school to work to help their familiesto help their families

African ColonizationAfrican Colonization

The American Colonization Society in 1817 The American Colonization Society in 1817 pushed for the release of slaves and their return pushed for the release of slaves and their return to Africato Africa

Some Northerners support this because they Some Northerners support this because they believe that blacks should be separate from believe that blacks should be separate from whiteswhites

Some Southerners support colonization because Some Southerners support colonization because they would ship away free blacksthey would ship away free blacks

1,400 African Americans go to Africa colonize 1,400 African Americans go to Africa colonize LiberiaLiberia

Membership to the American Membership to the American Colonization SocietyColonization Society

American Anti-Slavery SocietyAmerican Anti-Slavery Society

Founded in 1833 it sponsored lectures, sent Founded in 1833 it sponsored lectures, sent antislavery petitions to Congress, published antislavery petitions to Congress, published journals and printed pamphlets that attacked journals and printed pamphlets that attacked slaveryslavery

Free slaves would tell their stories to a white Free slaves would tell their stories to a white audienceaudience

The society's activities were usually attacked The society's activities were usually attacked by mobs supporting slaveryby mobs supporting slavery

Henry Lloyd GarrisonHenry Lloyd Garrison

Published Published The Liberator,The Liberator, a a newsletter that demanded an newsletter that demanded an end to slaveryend to slavery

His writings angered His writings angered Southerners because he wants Southerners because he wants slaves freed immediately slaves freed immediately

While in Boston in 1835 a mob While in Boston in 1835 a mob will beat him. The beating wins will beat him. The beating wins people to his cause. Because it people to his cause. Because it exposes supporters of slavery exposes supporters of slavery as inhumane individualsas inhumane individuals

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

Born to a white father and Born to a white father and black motherblack mother

Ship caulker who escapes Ship caulker who escapes slavery to become a leading slavery to become a leading abolitionist speakerabolitionist speaker

His book, His book, The Narrative Life The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglassof Frederick Douglass exposes slavery’s horrorsexposes slavery’s horrors

He will publish He will publish The Lone The Lone StarStar, an abolitionist paper, an abolitionist paper

Sojourner TruthSojourner Truth

Freed slave who claimed to Freed slave who claimed to her “heavenly voices”her “heavenly voices”

She spoke out for women’s She spoke out for women’s rights and for abolitionrights and for abolition

In 1851 demanded to speak at In 1851 demanded to speak at a women’s convention in a women’s convention in OhioOhio

Lectured about the cruel Lectured about the cruel treatment encountered as a treatment encountered as a slave.slave.