Reform MovementReform Movement

“Spiritual Reform From Within”

[Religious Revivalism]

Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality

Asylum &Prison Reform

Education

Women’s Rights

Abolitionism

The Second Great AwakeningThe Second Great Awakening

Temperance

R1-1

The Rise of Popular Religion

The Rise of Popular Religion

In France, I had almost always seen the spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom pursuing courses diametrically opposed to each other; but in America, I found that they were intimately united, and that they reigned in common over the same country… Religion was the foremost of the political institutions of the United States.

-- Alexis de Tocqueville, 1832

Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting

Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting

“The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation.”

Charles G. Finney

Charles G. Finney

“soul-shaking”

conversionR1-2

TranscendentalismTranscendentalism

Liberation from understanding and the cultivation of reasoning.”

“Transcend” the limits of intellect and allow the emotions, the SOUL, to create an original relationship with the Universe.

The role of the reformer was to restore man to that divinity which God had endowed them.

Transcendentalist ThinkingTranscendentalist Thinking

Man must acknowledge a body of moral truths that were intuitive and must TRANSCEND more sensational proof:– The infinite benevolence of God.– The infinite benevolence of nature.– The divinity of man.

Instinctively rejected all secular authority and the authority of organized churches and the Scriptures, of law, or of conventions

Ralph WaldoEmerson

Ralph WaldoEmerson

Henry DavidThoreau

Henry DavidThoreau

TranscendentalistTranscendentalist

The Transcendentalist Agenda

The Transcendentalist Agenda

Give freedom to the slave. Give well-being to the poor and the

miserable. Give learning to the ignorant. Give health to the sick. Give peace and justice to society.

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement

American Colonization Society Sought to colonize "(with their consent) the

free people of color residing in our country,in Africa, or such other place as Congress may deem most expedient."

Creation of a free slave state in Liberia

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

Immediate emancipation with NO compensation.

Slavery was a moral, not an economic issue.“I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not

excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD. The apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead.”

First published January 1, 1831

R2-5

The LiberatorThe Liberator

Loaded with the Sum of All Villanies!

The Tree of SlaveryThe Tree of Slavery

“The North Star”Abolitionist and Women’s Rights Champion

R2-12

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

Sojourner Truth(Isabella Baumfree)

Sojourner Truth(Isabella Baumfree)

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.

$40,000 bounty on her head.

Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.

“Moses”

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights

Lucretia Mott

Elizabeth CadyStanton

Angelina and SarahGrimke

Susan B. Anthony

Prison and Asylum ReformPrison and Asylum ReformDorothea Dix

Visited every prison in Massachusetts

Wrote a pamphlet detailing the conditions

Success in Massachusetts led to national movement

Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

The Beecher Family

Temperance MovementTemperance Movement

Annual Consumption of Alcohol

Annual Consumption of Alcohol

“The Drunkard’s Progress”

“The Drunkard’s Progress”

From the first glass to the grave, 1846

“Father of American Education”

R3-6

Horace MannHorace Mann

Children were clay in the hands of teachers and school officials

Children should be “molded” into a state of perfection

Discouraged corporal punishment

Established state teacher-training programs

Reform MovementReform Movement

Examples may include, but are not limited to, abolition, women's rights, temperance, education, prison and mental health reform, Charles Grandison Finney, the Beecher family.

Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Horace Mann, Dorothea Dix, Lucretia Mott, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman.  

Second Great AwakeningSecond Great Awakening

“Spiritual Reform From Within”

[Religious Revivalism]

Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality

Asylum &Prison Reform

Education

Women’s Rights

Abolitionism

The Second GreatAwakening

The Second GreatAwakening

Temperance

1830-1860Reform

Movements

Middle ClassReforms

PrisonTemperance

Transcendental

Education

Abolitionist

HoraceMann

JosiahQuincy

DorotheaDix

Ralph WaldoEmerson Henry David

Thoreau

Unitarians

Susan B.Anthony

Elizabeth CadyStanton

CatharineBeecher

FrederickDouglass

Women’sSufferage

GrimkeSisters

WilliamLloyd

Garrison

Harriet BeecherStowe

HarrietTubman

AmericanColonial Society

SojournerTruth

1830-1860Reform

Movements

Middle ClassReforms

PrisonTemperance

Transcendental

Education

Abolitionist

HoraceMann

JosiahQuincy

DorotheaDix

Ralph WaldoEmerson Henry David

Thoreau

Unitarians

Susan B.Anthony

Elizabeth CadyStanton

CatharineBeecher

FrederickDouglass

Women’sSufferage

GrimkeSisters

WilliamLloyd

Garrison

Harriet BeecherStowe

HarrietTubman

AmericanColonial Society

SojournerTruth

1830-1860Reform

Movements

Middle ClassReforms

PrisonTemperance

Transcendental

Education

Abolitionist

HoraceMann

JosiahQuincy

DorotheaDix

Ralph WaldoEmerson Henry David

Thoreau

Unitarians

Susan B.Anthony

Elizabeth CadyStanton

CatharineBeecher

FrederickDouglass

Women’sSufferage

GrimkeSisters

WilliamLloyd

Garrison

Harriet BeecherStowe

HarrietTubman

SojournerTruth

AmericanColonial Society

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement1816 American Colonization Society

British Colonization Society symbol