EOC Vocab List

#63-125

63

This type of cell division produces 4 genetically

different haploid gametes.

63

Meiosis

64

This type of cell division produces 2 genetically identical diploid body

cells.

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Mitosis

65

This means that the cell has one complete set of

chromosomes with 2 alleles for every gene.

65

Diploid

66

This means that the cell has half the original

number of chromosomes with 1 allele for every

gene.

66

Haploid

67

These are chromosomes that contain the same

genes but not necessarily the same alleles.

67

Homologous (Chromosomes)

68

This the process that begins in Prophase I of Meiosis that increases

genetic diversity.

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Crossing Over

69

This is the first stage of Mitosis in which the spindle forms, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the

nuclear membrane dissolves.

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Prophase

70

This is the phase of Mitosis where

chromosomes are lined up along the equator of

the cell.

70

Metaphase

71

This is the phase of Mitosis where the sister

chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite

poles of the cell.

71

Anaphase

72

This is the final stage of Mitosis in which the spindle dissolves,

chromosomes unwind into chromatin, and the nuclear

membrane reforms.

72

Telophase

73

This can produce genetic disorders such as Down’s

Syndrome if chromosomes do not separate correctly

during Meioisis.

73

Nondisjunction

74

This organ system is responsible for producing hormones and includes the thyroid and adrenal

glands.

74

Endocrine

75

This organ system is responsible for filtering the blood and includes

the kidneys.

75

Urinary/Excretory

76

This organ system is responsible for

transporting blood from the heart to all of the

other tissues of the body.

76

Cardiovascular

77

This organ system is responsible for gas

exchange and includes the lungs.

77

Respiratory

78

This organ system is responsible for

communication of stimuli and coordinating

responses within the body.

78

Nervous

79

This is the part of the experiment that is

purposefully changed and causes the change in the

measured variable.

79

Independent Variable

80

This is the part of the experiment that is the

measured effect of changing the

manipulated variable.

80

Dependent Variable

81

This is the part of an experiment that is used for comparison because

the independent variable is not changed.

81

Control Group

82

This is the part of an experiment in which the independent variable is

changed.

82

Experimental Group

83

This is a different form of a gene.

83

Allele

84

This is the segment of DNA that codes for a

specific protein.

84

Gene

85

This is a compound that contains carbon.

85

Organic

86

This is a compound that does not contain carbon.

86

Inorganic

87

This is a macromolecule that is used for energy

and includes monosaccharides and

polysaccharides.

87

Carbohydrates

88

This is a macromolecule that is used for providing a

waterproof barrier and storing long-term energy which includes fatty acids and

triglycerides.

88

Lipids

89

This is a macromolecule that is used for controlling the rate

of reactions, transport of substances, fighting infection,

and building tissues.

89

Protein

90

This is a macromolecule that is used for storing

and transmitting genetic information.

90

Nucleic Acid

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This is the monomer that makes up a protein.

91

Amino Acid

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This is a monomer that makes up a nucleotide and

consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group,

and a nitrogen base.

92

Nucleotide

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This is a double ringed nucleotide that includes Guanine and Adenine.

93

Purine

94

This is a single ringed nucleotide that includes Cytosine, Thymine, and

Uracil.

94

Pyrimidine

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This is the nucleic acid that is the genetic code of a cell and is transmitted to the next generation.

95

DNA

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This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for making a copy of the genetic code within the

nucleus and carrying the instructions into the

cytoplasm.

96

Messenger RNA

97

This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for decoding the

RNA copy of the gene and transferring the amino acids to

the ribosome in the correct sequence.

97

Transfer RNA

98

This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for

bonding the amino acids together to form a

polypeptide.

98

Ribosomal RNA

99

This is the enzyme that is responsible for adding

complementary base pairs to the new strands of DNA

during DNA replication.

99

DNA Polymerase

100

This is the enzyme that is responsible for breaking the

hydrogen bonds that hold the two complementary strands of

DNA together during DNA replication.

100

Helicase

101

This is the process of copying the DNA

sequence into the complementary sequence of RNA within the nucleus.

101

Transcription

102

This is the process of bonding the correct

sequence of amino acids together in order to build

a protein.

102

Translation

103

This is the physical expression of a specific

inheritable trait.

103

Phenotype

104

This is the genetic makeup of an organism

that determines the expression of a specific

trait.

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Genotype

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This is a form of a gene that only requires one

allele in order to be expressed in the

phenotype.

105

Dominant

106

This is a form of a gene that requires two alleles in order to be expressed

in the phenotype.

106

Recessive

107

This is an inheritance pattern in which two

alleles are equally expressed in the

phenotype.

107

Codominance

108

This is an inheritance pattern in which two

alleles are expressed in order to produce an

intermediate phenotype.

108

Incomplete Dominance

109

This is an inheritance pattern in which males and females have an equal chance of inheriting

the trait. Both males and females must inherit two alleles

in order to express the trait.

109

Autosomal Recessive

110

This is an inheritance pattern in which males have a higher chance of inheriting the trait than females.

Females must inherit two alleles but males only have to inherit one allele in order to express the trait.

110

Sex-Linked Recessive

111

This means that an individual has two

identical alleles for a particular trait.

111

Homozygous

112

This means that an individual has two

different alleles for a particular trait.

112

Heterozygous

113

This is the ability for an organism to maintain a

stable internal environment.

113

Homeostasis

114

This type of molecule makes up the two distinct

layers of biological membranes.

114

Phospholipid

115

This type of molecule is a protein that speeds up

chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy required for the

reaction to occur.

115

Enzyme

116

This is type of molecule is the major source of energy for the cell.

116

ATP

117

This type of chemical bond is the strongest and forms because electrons

are shared.

117

Covalent (Bond)

118

This type of chemical bond is the weakest and is and forms because of

electric charges between molecules.

118

Hydrogen (Bond)

119

This type of molecule is partially charged due to the unequal sharing of

electrons.

119

Polar

120

This is formed when atoms gain or lose

electrons and therefore become electrically

charged.

120

Ion

121

This is formed when atoms gain or lose

neutrons and therefore have a different atomic

mass.

121

Isotope

122

This is the property of water that allows water

to rise.

122

Capillary Action

123

This is the property of water that causes water

molecules to form hydrogen bonds with

other water molecules.

123

Cohesion

124

This is a solution that has a higher concentration of

H+ ions and a lower concentration of OH- ions.

124

Acid

125

This is a solution that has a lower concentration of

H+ ions and a higher concentration of OH- ions.

125

Base