ENVIRONMENTAL WIND SPEED MEASUREMENTS · 2018-08-13 · ENVIRONMENTAL WIND SPEED MEASUREMENTS ON A WIND TUNNEL MODEL OF THE 459-471 CHURCH STREET, RICHMOND By S. Powell and M. Eaddy

ENVIRONMENTAL WIND SPEED MEASUREMENTS

ON A WIND TUNNEL MODEL OF THE 459-471 CHURCH STREET, RICHMOND

By

S. Powell

and

M. Eaddy

SUMMARY

Wind tunnel tests have been conducted on a 1/400 scale model of the proposed 459-471

Church Street Development. The model of the Development within surrounding buildings

was tested in a simulated upstream boundary layer of the natural wind to determine likely

environmental wind conditions. These wind conditions have been related to the freestream

mean wind speed at a reference height of 300m and compared with criteria developed for

the Melbourne region as a function of wind direction.

For the Proposed Configuration with wind mitigation strategies at the northwest corner of

the development site (wind break screens and a canopy), the pedestrian level wind

conditions in the streetscapes surrounding the proposed Development have been shown

to be either within or on the criterion for walking comfort for all wind directions, with many

wind directions achieving the stationary activities criteria. The wind effects of the proposed

development have been shown to decrease with increasing distance from the proposed

development site.

The wind conditions outside the Church Street building entrance, East access, and

childcare entry achieve the standing criterion as a minimum, with many wind directions

achieving the sitting criterion.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration in the Private Yard on the south side

of the development site have been shown to be within the standing criterion, with most

wind directions achieving the sitting criterion.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration in the Plaza have been shown to be

within the sitting criterion for all wind directions.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration on the terraces achieve the walking

criterion as a minimum, with many wind directions achieving the standing and sitting criteria

depending on exposure to the prevailing wind directions and location on the building.

The Existing Configuration wind conditions at all Test Locations around the Development

have been provided for comparison.

The wind conditions at all Test Locations in the surrounding streetscapes satisfy the safety

criterion.



Report 45-18-WT-ENV-00

June 2018

- 3 -


459-471 CHURCH STREET, RICHMOND ENVIRONMENTAL WIND TUNNEL MODELLING

MEL CONSULTANTS REPORT NO: 45-18-WT-ENV-00 PREPARED FOR: Salta Properties GPO Box 1700 Melbourne VIC 3000

PREPARED BY: MEL Consultants Pty Ltd 22 Cleeland Road Oakleigh South VIC 3167

Contact: Ms N Paton Contact: M.Eaddy

Ph: +61 431 857 624 Ph: +61 3 8516 9680

PREPARED BY:

M. Eaddy Director Date: 7 June 2018

REVIEWED BY:

J. Kostas Director Date: 7 June 2018

RELEASED BY:

M. Eaddy Director Date: 8 June 2018

REVISION HISTORY Revision No: Date Issued Reason/Comment

0 8 June 2018 Initial Issue Report

DISTRIBUTION Copy No:

1 Copy Location Type

1 Salta Properties Electronic PDF 2 MEL Consultants – Report Library Hardcopy 3 MEL Consultants – Report Library Hardcopy 4 MEL Consultants – Project File Hardcopy

NOTE: This is a controlled document within the document control system. If revised, it must be marked SUPERSEDED and returned to the MEL Consultants Pty Ltd contact.

- 4 -


CONTENTS

SUMMARY

1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................- 5 -

2 ENVIRONMENTAL WIND CRITERIA ........................................................- 6 -

2.1 Suggested Pedestrian Comfort Criteria. ............................................... - 9 -

3 MODEL AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES ....................................... - 10 -

4 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS .................................................................... - 12 -

4.1 Summary of Discussion (Figures 7a to 7e) .........................................- 13 -

4.2 Church Street (Figures 8 to 11) ............................................................- 13 -

4.3 Sanders Place and Lesney Street (Figures 11 and 12) .......................- 14 -

4.4 Shamrock Street (Figures 12 and 13) ...................................................- 14 -

4.5 Brighton Street (Figures 13 to 15) ........................................................- 15 -

4.6 East Access, Plaza, and Private Yard (Figures 15 and 16) .................- 15 -

4.7 Terraces and Outdoor Areas (Figures 17 to 21) ..................................- 16 -

5 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................... - 17 -

REFERENCES .................................................................................................... - 19 -

FIGURES ............................................................................................................ - 20 -

APPENDIX A

- 5 -


1 INTRODUCTION

The proposed 459-471 Church Street Development will be a commercial office

development on site with frontages to Church Street, Shamrock Street, and Brighton Street

on the west, north, and east side respectively. The south boundary of the site is against

existing low-rise buildings. The development will consist of 13-level building on the corner

of Church and Shamrock Streets, a 7-level building in the middle of the site, and 3-level

building on Brighton Street. The 13-level and 7-level building are separated by a ground

level plaza with direct access from Shamrock Street. The plaza will have a canopy covering

that was a mitigation strategy developed during an extensive desktop environmental wind

review of the development with the design team during the concept phase so the standing

and sitting criteria would be achieved in this area.

A wind tunnel model study was commissioned by Salta Properties to undertake

measurements of environmental wind conditions around the proposed Development and,

if necessary, to develop wind amelioration features to achieve conditions satisfying the

recommended environmental wind criteria.

These tests were carried out in the MEL Consultants 400kW Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel

during May/June 2018.

- 6 -


2 ENVIRONMENTAL WIND CRITERIA

The advancement of wind tunnel testing techniques, using large boundary layer flows to

simulate the natural wind, has facilitated the prediction of wind speeds likely to be induced

around a Development. To assess whether the predicted wind conditions are likely to be

acceptable or not, some form of criteria are required. A discussion of criteria for

environmental wind conditions has been made in a paper by Melbourne, Reference 1. This

paper notes that it is the forces caused by the peak gust wind speeds and associated

gradients which people feel most and criteria have been stated in terms of gust wind

speeds. The probabilistic inference of these criteria in relation to hourly mean wind speeds

and frequency of occurrence is discussed. The basic criteria can be summarised as

follows:

In main public access-ways wind conditions are considered

(a) unacceptable (safety) if the peak gust speed during the hourly mean with a

probability of exceedance of 0.1% in any 22.5o wind direction sector exceeds 23ms-

1 (the gust wind speed at which people begin to get blown over);

(b) generally acceptable for walking in urban and suburban areas if the peak gust speed

during the hourly mean with a probability of exceedance of 0.1% in any 22.5o wind

direction sector does not exceed 16 ms-1 (which results in half the wind pressure of

a 23 ms-1 gust).

For more recreational activities wind conditions are considered

(c) generally acceptable for standing stationary short exposure activities (window

shopping, standing or sitting in plazas) if the peak gust speed during the hourly

mean with a probability of exceedance of 0.1% in any 22.5o wind direction sector

does not exceed 13 ms-1;

(d) generally acceptable for sitting stationary, long exposure activities (outdoor

restaurants, theatres) if the peak gust speed during the hourly mean with a

probability of exceedance of 0.1% in any 22.5o wind direction sector does not

exceed 10 ms-1.

- 7 -


The probability of exceedance of 0.1% relates approximately to the annual maximum mean

wind speed occurrence for each wind direction sector. These criteria can be developed in

terms of hourly mean wind speed versus frequency of occurrence as shown in References

1 and 2.

For the purpose of comparison, or integrating with local wind data, it is necessary to be

able to relate the local velocity measurement to a reference velocity well clear of the

influence of buildings. Because the wind force is related to wind velocity squared, it is

often more convenient to express criteria in terms of velocity ratio squared, or velocity

pressure ratio as this becomes. To this end, two velocity pressure ratios referenced to

conditions at 300m height (as a convenient reference) are defined as,

mean velocity pressure ratio V

V

loca l

m300

2

and

peak velocity pressure ratio V

V

loca l

m300

2

where the peak velocity is the 3-second mean maximum gust wind speed in full scale

conditions.

For wind conditions in Melbourne these criteria can be expressed in terms of velocity

pressure ratios, calculated from hourly mean wind speed data as per the methodology

given in Reference 1.

The criteria in terms of peak velocity pressure ratios are illustrated in Figure 1 and appear

in subsequent figures to enable immediate assessment of the wind conditions as

measured on the model.

- 8 -


0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

long term stationary short term stationary

dangerous/unacceptable

acceptable for walking urban/suburban areas

Vlocal

V300m

2

Figure 1 - Environmental wind criteria for the Melbourne region expressed in terms

of peak velocity pressure ratios

The velocity pressure ratio values considered as unacceptable in Figure 1 are equivalent

to conditions which have existed in some areas in Australian capital cities where people

have been blown over by the wind. The velocity pressure ratios considered as acceptable

for walking in urban and suburban areas are equivalent to conditions existing at corners in

these areas before high rise Development commenced.

- 9 -


2.1 Suggested Pedestrian Comfort Criteria.

The 459-471 Church Street development will have street frontages to Church, Shamrock,

and Brighton Streets, and the plaza between the buildings. Therefore, the following wind

criteria are suggested for the surrounding streetscapes, plaza, and terraces:

- Pedestrian transit areas (streetscapes) Walking Criterion

- Building/Tenancy entrances Standing Criterion

- Plaza Standing/Sitting Criteria

Terraces/Outdoor Areas Walking Criterion

- 10 -


3 MODEL AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES

A 1/400 scale model of the 459-471 Church Street Development was constructed from

digital information (CAD and Revit) provided by Architectus received 23rd May, 2018.

The 1/400 scale model was inserted into the proximity model of significant buildings of

Richmond model out to a minimum radius of 300m from the site boundaries. Additionally,

MEL Consultants were aware of the future development at 510 Church Street and this

building was added to the model for a future configuration. The 1/400 scale model of the

459-471 Chapel Street Development and surrounding buildings was tested in a model of

the natural wind generated by flow over roughness elements augmented by vorticity

generators at the beginning of the wind tunnel working section. The basic natural wind

model was for flow over suburban terrain, the characteristics of which are given in Figure

2. The surrounding wind tunnel model of all significant buildings modified the approach

wind model for the presence of the surrounding buildings.

Hot-wire anemometry was used to measure the local wind speeds at various locations

around the proposed building. The signals from the hot-wire anemometers were recorded

by a data acquisition system for 30 seconds for each wind direction studied. Previous

investigations by MEL Consultants have found this time period to be sufficient to achieve

piecewise stationarity, i.e. the signal statistics become independent of the sample period.

The data acquisition system uses a high accuracy digital low pass filter to filter the recorded

data to give an effective full scale 3 second peak gust wind speed. MEL Consultants

acknowledge that hot-wire anemometers would measure erroneous mean values in high

turbulence wind environmental such as the urban setting of Richmond. Therefore, MEL

Consultants will only use the gust wind speed measured by the hot-wire anemometer for

the analysis of the environmental wind conditions. Given that only the gust wind speed can

be used from the hot-wire anemometer it is unnecessary to divide this by a factor of 1.85

to obtain a gust equivalent mean (GEM) wind speed to just compare against criteria based

on mean wind speeds. Instead, as discussed in an earlier section, MEL Consultants will

use pedestrian wind comfort criteria based on gust wind speeds.

The techniques used to investigate the environmental wind conditions and the method of

determining the local criteria are given in detail in Reference 2. In these tests

measurements in the Development areas are inside separated regions and peak velocity

- 11 -


squared ratios were required to make conclusions about likely wind conditions. In

summary, measurements were made of the peak gust wind velocity with a hot wire

anemometer at various stations and expressed as a squared ratio with the mean wind

velocity at a scaled reference height of 300m. This gives the peak velocity squared ratio

( )2300mlocal V/ V̂

Photographs of the model as tested in the wind tunnel are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The

Test Locations in the surrounding streetscapes, terraces and outdoor areas are shown in

Figures 5a, 5b, and 5c. The Test Locations in the surrounding streetscapes have been

chosen out to a radius of approximately half of the building height or width, whichever is

greater, from the site boundaries.

The wind climate data for Melbourne and Laverton Airports have been used for the wind

climate across Richmond in order to account for the topographical effects of the divide to

the north of Melbourne Airport. The effects of the divide are known to decrease with

distance south, so the effects will be greater at Melbourne Airport compared to the urban

area of Melbourne CBD and Richmond.

- 12 -


4 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

The wind tunnel study was undertaken for 4 Configurations:

• Existing Configuration

• Proposed Configuration

• Proposed Configuration with Wind Mitigation Strategies

• Proposed Configuration with 510 Church Street

The Existing Configuration is defined as the existing building at 459 - 471 Church Street.

The Proposed Configuration for the 459-471 Church Street Development is as outlined in

the drawings prepared by Architectus, received 23rd May, 2018, with existing surrounding

buildings. The Proposed Configuration with 510 Church Street used the model of 510

Church Street that was submitted for a planning application and included the wind

mitigation strategies for this development along Hutchings Street. Existing and proposed

street trees were not considered for wind mitigation for the 459 - 471 Church Street

development.

Velocity measurements were made at various locations around the 459 - 471 Church

Street Development for different wind directions at 22.5 intervals. The results of these

measurements are presented on polar diagrams against a background plot of the various

criteria for each Test Location as a function of wind direction. The following Sections detail

the results for the various areas tested.

- 13 -


4.1 Summary of Discussion (Figures 7a to 7e)

To assist with the assessment of the wind conditions, summaries of the highest wind

conditions for the Existing, Proposed, and Proposed with wind mitigation strategies

Configurations at the Test Locations for all wind directions (i.e. 0°→ 360°) have been

provided in Figures 7a to 7c. The wind conditions on the terraces and outdoor areas for

the Proposed Configuration have been summarised in Figures 7d and 7e. Different colours

have been used to represent the wind criteria achieved at the respective Test Locations.

Where the wind conditions at a Test Location were distributed across several criteria, the

criteria colours have been graduated.

4.2 Church Street (Figures 8 to 11)

The wind conditions along Church Street near the intersection with Lesney Street (Test

Locations 1 to 2) for the Proposed Configuration have been shown to be either on or within

the walking criterion for all wind directions. The wind conditions have been shown to

increase at Test Location 2 for the southwest sector wind directions compared to the

Existing Configuration and be similar for the remaining wind directions.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration at the northwest corner of the site

(Test Location 4) have been shown to be within the criterion for walking comfort for all wind

directions. However, the cutout shifts the corner of the building to Test Location 4a and the

wind conditions at this location have been shown to be above the walking criterion for the

north-northwest, north, and north-northeast wind directions. The remaining wind directions

have been shown to be within the criterion for walking comfort. It has been demonstrated

that porous wind break screens in the cutout and a canopy along the north side of the

building mitigate the wind conditions at Test Location 4a to be either on or within the

walking criterion for all wind directions. The installation of the wind break screens has

resulted in the wind conditions at Test Location 4 increasing up to the walking criterion for

the north-northeast wind direction compared to the Proposed Configuration. The Existing

Configuration wind conditions at the northwest corner have been shown to achieve the

standing and sitting criteria.

The wind conditions for the remaining Test Locations (Test Locations 3, 5, 6, and 8 to 14)

have been shown to be either on or within the walking criterion for all wind directions. The

- 14 -


Existing Configuration wind conditions have been provided at all these Test Locations for

comparison.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration outside the recessed Church Street

entrance (Test Location 7) have been shown to achieve the sitting criterion for all wind

directions.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration with the future 510 Church Street

development have been measured at Test Locations 11, 12, and 14 that are located on

Church Street between the two developments. The wind conditions have been shown to

be either on or within the walking criterion for all wind directions.

4.3 Sanders Place and Lesney Street (Figures 11 and 12)

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration in Sanders Place (Test Location 15)

have been shown to be within the standing criterion for al wind directions, with many wind

directions achieving the sitting criterion. The wind conditions for the Existing Configuration


The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration in Lesney Street (Test Location 16)

have been shown to be within the standing criterion for al wind directions, with many wind

directions achieving the sitting criterion. The wind conditions for the Existing Configuration


4.4 Shamrock Street (Figures 12 and 13)

The wind conditions for the Basic Configuration at the west end of Shamrock Street (Test

Location 17) have been shown to be just above the walking criterion for the west wind

direction. The wind conditions for the remaining wind directions have been shown to be

within the walking criterion, with many wind directions achieving the standing and sitting

criteria. It has been demonstrated that the canopy and wind break screens used to mitigate

the wind conditions at the northwest corner of the site improve wind conditions at Test

Location 17 to be within the standing criterion for all wind directions.

- 15 -


The wind conditions outside the substation room on Shamrock Street (Test Locations 18

and 19) have been shown to be within the walking criterion for all wind directions, with

many wind directions achieving the sitting criterion.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration outside the Shamrock Street entry to

the Plaza (Test Location 20) has been shown to be within the standing criterion for all wind

directions. The Existing Configuration wind conditions have been shown to be within the

sitting criterion for all wind directions.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration outside the meter room on Shamrock

Street (Test Location 21) have been shown to be within the walking criterion for all wind

directions. The wind conditions for the Existing Configuration have been provided for

comparison.

4.5 Brighton Street (Figures 13 to 15)

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration along Brighton Street (Test Locations

22 to 30) have been shown to be either on or within the walking criterion for all wind

directions. The wind conditions at Test Locations closer to the development site have been

shown to increase compared to the Existing Configuration.

4.6 East Access, Plaza, and Private Yard (Figures 15 and 16)

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration outside the east access to the Plaza

and adjacent to the entry to the proposed childcare (Test Location 31) have been shown

to be well within the standing criterion, with most wind directions achieving the sitting

criterion.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration in the Plaza (Test Locations 32, 33,

and 34) have been shown to be within the sitting criterion for all wind directions.


of the development site (Test Location 35) have been shown to be within the standing

criterion, with most wind directions achieving the sitting criterion.

- 16 -


4.7 Terraces and Outdoor Areas (Figures 17 to 21)

The wind conditions have been measured on the terraces and outdoor areas (Test

Locations P1 to P18) for the Proposed Configuration with standard height balustrades. The

wind conditions on the terraces depend on the location of the terrace and their exposure

to the strong and prevailing wind directions, with terraces located in the middle of the faces

have better wind conditions compared to terraces located near building corners. The wind

conditions have been shown to be either on or within the walking criterion for all wind

directions, with wind conditions for wind directions where the building shields the terraces

achieving the standing and sitting criterion.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration in the outdoor playspace of the

childcare (Test Location P1) have been shown to achieve the walking criterion for the

southwest and west-southwest wind directions and the standing and sitting criteria for the

remaining wind directions. The wind conditions were measured in this space without any

landscape features (trees, canopies) and these data will inform the design team so

appropriate wind mitigation strategies can be developed in the playspace.

- 17 -


5 CONCLUSIONS

Wind tunnel tests have been conducted on a 1/400 scale model of the proposed 459-471

Church Street Development. The model of the Development within surrounding buildings

was tested in a simulated upstream boundary layer of the natural wind to determine likely

environmental wind conditions. These wind conditions have been related to the freestream

mean wind speed at a reference height of 300m and compared with criteria developed for

the Melbourne region as a function of wind direction.

For the Proposed Configuration with wind mitigation strategies at the northwest corner of

the development site (wind break screens and a canopy), the pedestrian level wind

conditions in the streetscapes surrounding the proposed Development have been shown

to be either within or on the criterion for walking comfort for all wind directions, with many

wind directions achieving the stationary activities criteria. The wind effects of the proposed

development have been shown to decrease with increasing distance from the proposed

development site.

The wind conditions outside the Church Street building entrance, East access, and

childcare entry achieve the standing criterion as a minimum, with many wind directions

achieving the sitting criterion.


of the development site have been shown to be within the standing criterion, with most

wind directions achieving the sitting criterion.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration in the Plaza have been shown to be

within the sitting criterion for all wind directions.

The wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration on the terraces achieve the walking

criterion as a minimum, with many wind directions achieving the standing and sitting criteria

depending on exposure to the prevailing wind directions and location on the building.

The wind conditions at all Test Locations in the surrounding streetscapes satisfy the safety

criterion.

- 18 -




M. Eaddy

June 2018

- 19 -


REFERENCES

1. W. H. Melbourne, Criteria for environmental wind conditions, Journal of Industrial

Aerodynamics, Volume 3, 1978, pp. 241-249

2. W. H. Melbourne, Wind environment studies in Australia, Journal of Industrial

Aerodynamics, Volume 3, 1978, pp. 201-214

- 20 -


FIGURES

Figure 2 - 1/400 scale TC3 boundary layer turbulence intensity and mean velocity

profiles in the MEL Consultants Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel 4.8m x

2.2m working section, scaled to full scale dimensions.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

HE

IGH

T z

(m

)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

HE

IGH

T z

(m

)

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

TERRAIN GRADIENT EXPONENT LENGTH SCALE LZ AT

CATEGORY HEIGHT Zg(m) a Z=10m 50m 200m

1. SEA DESERT 300 0.10 to 0.12 1800 2100 2500

2. OPEN COUNTRY 400 0.13 to 0.17 1200 1500 1900RURAL AIRPORT

3. SUBURBAN 500 0.18 to 0.25 900 1200 1600TREES HILLS

4. URBAN 600 0.26 to 0.40 600 1000 1500

TERRAIN CATEGORY

1 2 3 4

a=0.3 0.2 0.1

5 0.1

TURBULENCE INTENSITY PROFILE MEAN VELOCITY PROFILE

α

gg

z

z

z

V

V÷÷

ø

ö

çç

è

æ=

g

z

VV

z

v

V

σ

- 21 -


Figure 3 – View from the north of the 1/400 scale Basic Configuration model of the

459-471 Church Street Development in the wind tunnel.

Figure 4 – View from the north of the 1/400 scale Basic Configuration model of the

459-471 Church Street Development with 510 Church Street in the wind

tunnel.

- 22 -


Figure 5a – Ground level Test Locations around the proposed 459-471 Church Street Development.

- 23 -


Figure 5b – Terrace and Outdoor Area Test Locations around the proposed 459-471

Church Street Development.

- 24 -


Figure 5c – Terrace Test Locations on the terraces of the proposed 459-471 Church

Street Development.

- 25 -


Figure 6 – Details of Wind Mitigation Strategies at the northwest corner.

- 26 -


Figure 7a - Summary of ground level wind conditions for the Existing Configuration for 360° of wind direction.

- 27 -


Figure 7b - Summary of ground level wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration for 360° of wind direction.

- 28 -


Figure 7c - Summary of ground level wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration with wind mitigation strategies for 360° of

wind direction.

- 29 -


Figure 7d - Summary of terrace wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration for

360° of wind direction.

- 30 -


Figure 7e - Summary of terrace wind conditions for the Proposed Configuration for

360° of wind direction.

- 31 -

Test Location

1 2

3 4

Proposed Configuration

Existing Configuration

Proposed Configuration + Wind Break Screens in Corner Cutout + Canopy

Figure 8 - Church Street

Proposed Configuration + Wind Break Screens in Corner Cutout

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

long term stationaryshort term stationary

acceptable for walking


Waterfront

𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑉 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙

𝑉 300𝑚

2

𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


- 32 -

Test Location

4a 5

6 7




Proposed + Wind Break Screens in Corner Cutout


0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North


𝑉 300𝑚

2



- 33 -

Test Location

8 9

10 11

Proposed Configuration + Future 510 Church Street Development




0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North


𝑉 300𝑚

2



- 34 -

Test Location

12 13

14 15

Proposed Configuration + Future 510 Church Street Development


Figure 11 - Church Street & Sanders Place & Lesney Street


0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront


𝑉 300𝑚

2


0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North


- 35 -

Test Location

16 17

18 19




Figure 12 - Lesney Street & Shamrock Street

Proposed + Wind Break Screens in Corner Cutout

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront


𝑉 300𝑚

2



- 36 -

Test Location

20 21

22 23

Figure 13 - Shamrock Street & Brighton Street



0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North


𝑉 300𝑚

2



- 37 -

Test Location

24 25

26 27



Figure 14 - Brighton Street

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North


𝑉 300𝑚

2



- 38 -

Test Location

28 29

30 31


Figure 15 - Brighton Street & East Access


0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront


𝑉 300𝑚

2


0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North


- 39 -

Test Location

32 33

34 35



Figure 16 - Plaza & Private Yard

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront


𝑉 300𝑚

2



- 40 -

Test Location

P1 P2

P3 P4

Figure 17 - Terraces and Outdoor Areas


0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North


𝑉 300𝑚

2



- 41 -

Test Location

P5 P6

P7 P8


Figure 18 - Terraces

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North


𝑉 300𝑚

2



- 42 -

Test Location

P9 P10

P11 P12



0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront


𝑉 300𝑚

2


0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North


- 43 -

Test Location

P13 P14

P15 P16



0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront


𝑉 300𝑚

2



- 44 -

Test Location

P17 P18



0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North




Waterfront

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

North


𝑉 300𝑚

2



Documents

ENVIRONMENTAL WIND SPEED MEASUREMENTS · 2018-08-13 · ENVIRONMENTAL WIND SPEED MEASUREMENTS ON A WIND TUNNEL MODEL OF THE 459-471 CHURCH STREET, RICHMOND By S. Powell and M. Eaddy