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ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTHOnsite Wastewater Treatment
Jim Gaughan, P.E., Environmental Engineer
Bureau of Environmental Health Services
Onsite Wastewater Treatment Malfunctioning onsite systems
Missouri Onsite Sewage Laws
Minimum Construction Standards
Permitting and inspection process
Protecting Public Health Pathogens in water Water contains numerous microbes – not all are
pathogenic Viruses >120 enteric viruses Bacteria Protozoans Fungi Worms
Nitrates, phosphorus PPCPs – pharmaceuticals and personal care products
Onsite Treatment Uses Soil-Pathogen Survival In Soil-
Survival can be quite variable
Organism Days
Coliforms 38
Salmonella 120
Enteroviruses 200
Cryptosporidium 365
Factors Affecting Pathogen Survival
Temperature Survival increases with decreasing temperature.
Soil texture Finer textures are better for treatment
Soil filters out larger pathogens Clay particles trap viruses
Moisture Moist soil prolongs microbial viability; drying
inactivates most pathogens. Predation and competition Time
WasteWater Recycling
Missouri LawsGoverning Onsite Wastewater
RSMo 701.025 – 701.059
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SENIOR SERVICES (DHSS) and Local Administrative Authorities
Sub
surf
ace
Sur
face
‘Domestic’ Waste from Single and Multi-Family Residential and from Commercial Facilities
Multi-Family Residential andCommercial ‘Domestic’ Waste - RO
Multi-Family &Commercial Lagoons - RO
Single FamilyResidential Lagoons
JURISDIC
TION
DHSS? or D
NR?
Based on DHSS Rule: 3,000 Gallons per Day > 3,000 Gallons per Day
Approval of the use of Onsite Systems for Subdivisions and Residential Housing Units
( ≥ 7 new or ≥ 3 additional units) - CO Commercial/Industrial Facilities
Generating ‘Non-domestic’ Wastewater Determined by DNR - RO or CO
Land Application ofSeptage & Wastewater - RO
NPDES Discharge Permits - RO
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES (DNR)Central Office (CO) and Regional Offices (RO)
26 - State
27 - Contract
61 - Ordinance
FY 2011
Administrative Authority
Administrative Authority County Health Departments Planing and Zoning Commissions County Building Departments County Public Works Department Sewer Districts Municipalities
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services
Local Ordinances Must establish a system at least equal to state
regulation and inspection Local authorities may enact and enforce
standards that are more stringent or restrictive than state standards
Exemptions from DHSS Regulation Single-family residence lots of 3 acres or
more if: the system is at least 10 feet from property lines; sewage does not leave the property, create a nuisance,
or contaminate surface waters or groundwater; and the lot is not adjacent to a Corps of Engineers or public
utility lake.
Multi-family residence lots with 10 acres per residence if: same conditions as for 3 acre exemption are met; and sewage systems are at least 360 feet apart.
Inspection of Systems Existing systems are not inspected unless:
A valid complaint is received or with sufficient probable cause
Part of a communicable disease investigation A construction permit application is submitted to
make a major repair
At the request of a private party for a real estate inspection/ evaluation (non-regulatory)
Repairs to Onsite Systems Repairs not requiring a permit
Minor repairs such as replacing physically-damaged pipe
Cleaning out a lagoon or a sewage tank Repairs requiring a permit include
Adding additional lateral lines Replacing a septic tank Expanding a lagoon Relocating a part of the system Generally, remedial action required by an NOV
ComplaintInvestigation Process
Malfunctioning
Onsite Wastewater Systems
Legal AuthorityRSMo 701.025 through 701.059
701.029 prohibits operation of any onsite sewage disposal system that causes contamination of surface waters or groundwater, presents a nuisance or a health hazard
701.031 requires property owners of all buildings where people live, work or assemble to provide for the sanitary disposal of all domestic sewage.
Legal AuthorityRSMo 701.025 through 701.059
701.033 provides right of entry to property to investigate and enforce the sections of the sewage law
701.037 establishes the notice of violation criteria 701.038 establishes the authority to investigate
complaints from an aggrieved party or an adjacent land owner
Complaint Handling Is the complaint from an aggrieved party or
an adjoining property owner? If complaint is valid, determine if it alleges a
nuisance or an imminent hazard Do not take any action based solely on a
phoned or written complaint –investigate
Complaint Investigation
Document everything
Dye tracing should not be used routinely
The investigation should determine if there is evidence of an alleged violation of state statute or local ordinance
Probable CauseWithout a Complaint
“…reasonable grounds to believe that there has been a violation of any provision of sections 701.025 through 701.059 or the rules…”
Nuisance: Repairs or
new system construction
Issuing ANotice Of Violation
Use form E3.10 Violation Notice Serve NOV on owner… by registered mail or
other authorized method
Minimum Construction Standards for Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems
19 CSR 20-3.060
Construction Standards Cover Daily wastewater flow Site/soil evaluations Absorption field sizing Primary treatment – septic
tanks, lagoons; or Secondary treatment – aerobic
treatment units (ATU’s) Alternative systems
Advanced treatment Pressure distribution
systems
Permit Process Authority issues a packet with numbered
application – or issues an application number for forms downloaded from the Internet
Property owner or agent submits: Application fee Application and system design Soil evaluation report Engineering report (if applicable) Variance application (if applicable)
Application Review Check application for completeness – it
must include all information needed to determine compliance with the construction standards, such as: Daily flow Soil report, including loading rate or perc rate Size and type of tanks and/or size of lagoon Size and type of absorption field Groundwater drainage system if needed
Design Review Review Soil Morphology Report Confirm Adequate Vertical Separation Check Tank Size and Field Size Check Elevations Check for Adequate Setback Distances If the application and design comply with the
standards, proceed; otherwise, return to applicant for modifications
Variances With assurance for protection of public
health and preservation of surface and groundwater quality, variances may be allowed on a case by case basis for: Setback distances Minimum distance between infiltrative surface
and restrictive feature or bedrock Minimum areas for infiltrative surfaces
Pre-Construction Site Visit Perform preliminary site inspection If the system layout complies with the
standards, issue a construction permit (see copy of Construction Permit/ Final Inspection form and Important Notices)
System Final Inspection Provide written results of the inspection to the
property owner Document failure to notify or failure to install
according to plan - consider action against the installer
Onsite Wastewater Summary Public Health Protection Laws Governing Onsite Sewage Systems Complaint investigation process Minimum Construction Standards Application/permit process