Environmental Management Plan - World Bankdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/... · Environmental Management Plan at Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project 7 (6) “Water

World Bank Loan

Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project (HFRDP)

Environmental Management Plan

Forestry Foreign Capital Project Management Office

of Hunan Province

Central South University of Forestry and Technology

June 2012

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Environmental Management Plan at Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project

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Content

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 6

1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Main References ................................................................................................................. 6

1.2.1 Relevant policies, laws, regulations issued by national and local authorities in

China ................................................................................................................................. 6

1.2.2 Technical Specifications and Guidelines .................................................................. 7

1.2.3 Requirements of the World Bank ............................................................................. 8

2. experience and lessons learnt from previous World Bank loan forestry projects in Hunan

province in execution of environmental management measures ................................................ 9

2.1 The preparation and execution of EPG ............................................................................... 9

2.2 Preparation and execution of “Pest Management Plan” (PMP) ........................................ 10

2.3 Organization of Training on Environmental Protection Measures at All Levels ............... 10

2.4 Conduction of Ecological Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation ............................. 10

2.5 Environmental Management Performance of Previous World Bank Loan Forestry Projects

................................................................................................................................................. 11

2.6 Ecological Environmental benefits achieved in Previous World Bank Loan Forestry

Projects .................................................................................................................................... 12

3. Project Description ................................................................................................................... 14

3.1 Project Objectives ............................................................................................................. 14

3.2 Project components ........................................................................................................... 14

3.3 Distribution of project areas .............................................................................................. 15

4. Description of Environmental Conditions and Analysis of Environmental Quality in

project areas .................................................................................................................................. 17

4.1 Description of present environmental conditions in project areas ................................ 17

4.1.1 Natural environment ............................................................................................... 17

4.1.2 Social environment ................................................................................................. 22

4.1.3 Ecological environment.......................................................................................... 23

4.1.4 Natural Habitats and physical cultural resources ................................................... 27

4.2 Analysis of current environmental quality related to the project ...................................... 28

4.2.1 Soil erosion and surface runoff in Hunan ............................................................... 28

4.2.2 Water quality of related water bodies ..................................................................... 28

4.2.3 Vegetation Coverage and Plant Community Structure ........................................... 29

4.2.4 Biodiversity status .................................................................................................. 29

4.2.5 Environment pollution ........................................................................................... 30

5. Environmental Impact Analysis of Project Construction ..................................................... 31

5.1 Positive Environmental Impacts........................................................................................ 31

5.1.1 Water conservation, soil and water conservation and soil improvement ................ 31

5.1.2 Increase biodiversity .............................................................................................. 31

5.1.3 Increase carbon sequestration and condition micro-climate................................... 31

5.2 Potential negative environmental impacts and mitigation measures………………….…26

5.2.1 Negative environmental impacts of site selection and mitigation measures .......... 32


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5.2.2 Negative environmental impacts of species (variety) selection and distribution and

Mitigation measures ........................................................................................................ 33

5.2.3 Negative environmental impacts of site slashing and preparation and Mitigation

measures .......................................................................................................................... 34

5.2.4 Negative environmental impacts of tending management measures on forest

plantations and Mitigation measures ............................................................................... 34

5.2.5 Negative environmental impacts of forest path construction ................................. 35

5.2.6 Negative environmental impacts of application of pesticides and fertilizers ......... 35

5.2.7 Negative environmental impacts of timber felling and yarding ............................. 36

5.2.8 Negative environmental impacts of nursery construction ...................................... 37

5.3 Risk analysis and prevention measures ............................................................................. 39

5.4 Summary of mitigation measures of negative impacts and prevention measures of risks 42

6. Public Participatory Mechanism and Public Consultation Results ...................................... 51

6.1 Public consultation by EIA team and its results ................................................................ 51

6.1.1 Methods and scope of survey ................................................................................. 51

6.1.2 Public consultation results ...................................................................................... 52

6.1.3 Public suggestions .................................................................................................. 53

6.1.4 Conclusions of public consultation in EIA ............................................................. 53

6.2 Public consultation by social assessment team and its results (see details in the Social

Assessment Report) ................................................................................................................. 55

6.2.1 Methods and scope of survey ................................................................................. 55

6.2.2 Public consultation results ...................................................................................... 56

6.3 Participatory consultation and planning and its results (see details in the Participatory

Consultation and Planning Summary Report) ......................................................................... 56

7. Environmental Management Scheme and Technical Measures ........................................... 59

7.1 Development and execution of EPG ................................................................................. 59

7.2 Development and execution of PMP ................................................................................. 59

7.3 Reporting procedure in case cultural relics were found .................................................... 60

7.4 Consistency analysis with World Bank forestry policy (OP 4.36) .................................... 61

8 Environmental Management Agencies and Supervision Mechanism ................................... 62

8.1 Environmental management agencies and responsibilities ............................................... 62

8.2 Supervision and inspection mechanism ............................................................................ 63

9. Environmental Monitoring Plan .............................................................................................. 65

9.1 Monitoring contents and indicators ................................................................................... 65

9.2 Types and distribution of monitoring sites ........................................................................ 65

9.3 Monitoring methods .......................................................................................................... 68

9.4 Organization and implementation of monitoring .............................................................. 69

9.5 Report system .................................................................................................................... 69

9.6 Fund budget ....................................................................................................................... 69

9.7 Summary table of annual work plan ................................................................................. 72

10. Training Plan ........................................................................................................................... 74

10.1 Training content .............................................................................................................. 74

10.2 Trainees and training methods......................................................................................... 74

10.3 Training programme and budget ..................................................................................... 75


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11. Source of Fund and Budget .................................................................................................... 77

Annex 1: Environmental Protection Guidelines

Annex 2: Pest Management Plan


5

Abbreviations

Cm: County Project Manager

CPMO: County Project Management Office

Ct: County Technician

EIA: Environmental Impacts Assessment

EMP: Environmental Management Plan

EPG: Environmental Protection Guidelines

FDPA: Forestry Development in Poor Areas Project

Fm: Farmer Representatives or Village Cadre

FPCQS: Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station

FRPDP: Forest Resource Protection and Development Project

HFRDP: Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project

IPM: Integrated Pest Management

NAP: National Afforestation Project

PMO: Project Management Office

PMP: Pest Management Plan

PPMO: Provincial Project Management Office

SFDP: Sustainable Forestry Development Project

Tt: Township Technician


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1. Introduction

1.1 Background

In order to mitigate the negative environmental impact caused by the ice storm

occurred in Hunan province in 2008, and support the Government’s effort to prevent

further degradation of forests and restore the ecological balance in the storm-affected

landscapes, the World Bank Loan Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project

(HFRDP) has been proposed. According to the Safeguard Policy of World Bank, it is

necessary to make an “Environmental Impact Assessment” (EIA) of projects proposed

for the World Bank financing. As this project refers to forest restoration and

development, the World Bank Expert Group agreed that a detailed “Environmental

Management Plan” (EMP) should be made, which should be carried out during the

implementation of the project to mitigate or eliminate the negative environmental

impacts, thereby to ensure the maximization of environmental benefits and

minimization of environmental loss.

Based on a detailed analysis on the environmental status and environmental quality in

the project areas, the EMP makes detailed description and arrangement in the

personnel task allocation of project environmental management agencies, the

environmental protection measures, and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) methods,

monitoring activities on ecological environment benefit, procedures and record

mechanism of public participatory, training on environmental management knowledge

and technology to relevant persons as well as the budget of environmental

management activities for guiding the environmental management in project

implementation.

1.2 Main References

1.2.1 Relevant policies, laws, regulations issued by national and local authorities in

China

(1) “Law on the Protection of Wildlife of People's Republic of China”, 2004.

(2) “Wild Plant Protection Ordinance of People's Republic of China”, 1997

(3) “Law of Water of People's Republic of China”, 2002

(4) “Afforestation Technical Regulation”, 2006

(5) “Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China”, 1989


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(6) “Water Pollution Prevention Law of People's Republic of China” 2008

(7) “Detailed Rules of Water Pollution Prevention Law of People's Republic of

China”, 2000;

(8) “Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law of People's Republic of China”, 2005.

(9) “Environmental Impact Assessment Law of People's Republic of China”, 2002

(10) “Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Regulations”,

1998

(11) “Management Notice on Strengthening Loans from International Financial

Organizations in Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects”,

1993

(12) “Interim Measures of Public Participation in Environmental Impact

Assessment”, 2006

(13) “Measures on Disclosure of Environmental Information”, 2007

(14) “Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Directory” 2002

(15) “Regulations on Forest Pest Control” 1989

(16) “Afforestation Quality Management Interim Measures” 2001

(17) “Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China”, 1985

(18) “Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China”, 1999

(19) “Soil and Water Conservation Law of the People’s Republic of China”, 2011

(20) “Plant Quarantine Regulation of the People’s Republic of China”, 1992

(21) “Forest Fire Prevention Regulation”, 2009

(22) “Implementation Rules of Soil and Water Conservation of the People’s Republic

of China”, 1993

(23) “Nature Reserve Regulation of the People’s Republic of China”, 1994

(24) “Cropland Conversion for Forest Regulation”, 2003

(25) "The Plant Quarantine Rules", 1992

(26) “Technological Rules for Forest Quarantine”, 1998

(27) “Management Measures for Target Forest Pest Control”, 1992

(28) “Standards on Safe Use of Pesticides”, 1982

(29) “Regulation on Pesticide Management”, 2001

(30) “Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", 2007

1.2.2 Technical Specifications and Guidelines


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(1) “Technical Guidelines for Environment Impact Assessment of General

Programme” (HJ2.1-2011)

(2) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Atmospheric

Environment” (HJ2.2-2008)

(3) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Surface Water

Environment” (HJ/T2.3-93)

(4) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Acoustic

Environment” (HJ2.4-2009);

(5) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Ecological

Impact” (HJ19-2011)

(6) “Environmental Impact Risk Assessment Guideline of Construction Project”

(HJ/T169-2004)

(7) “Hunan Province Surface Water Function Zone Standard” (DB43/0232005)

(8) “Formulation Technique of Local Standards for the Discharge of Atmospheric

Pollutants” (GB/T13201-91);

1.2.3 Requirements of the World Bank

The requirements of the World Bank mainly include three safeguard policies, namely:

(1) Environmental Assessment (OP4.01)

(2) Pest Management (OP4.09)

(3) Forestry (OP4.36)


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2. experience and lessons learnt from previous World Bank loan

forestry projects in Hunan province in execution of environmental

management measures

The previous World Bank Loan forestry projects in Hunan, including “National

Afforestation Project” (NAP), “Forest Resource Protection and Development Project”

(FRDPP), “Forestry Development in Poor Areas Project” (FDPA) and “Sustainable

Forestry Development Project” (SFDP) have paid a high attention to environmental

management through identification and implementation of mitigation measures to

avoid or mitigate the damage caused by project activities to the nature reserves,

natural forests and important habitats of wildlife, soil erosion, decline of soil fertility

and occurrence of pests/diseases, as well as to promote the stability of forest

plantation ecosystem and its sustainable management.

2.1 The preparation and execution of EPG

During the implementation of the previous four World Bank loan forestry projects, the

EPGs were prepared and executed, which put forward and required to carry out

specific environmental protection measures in the following linkages: selection and

distribution of project afforestation sites, tree species (variety) selection and

distribution, site slashing/preparation, young forest tending management, fire

management, timber felling/yarding, forest road construction, etc..

In order to strengthen the technologies and measures put forward in the EPG, the

Provincial Project Management Office (PPMO) took whether EPG was executed as

one of the important indicators to evaluate the project implementation quality. The

"Environmental Protection Compliance Rate" was set up as one of criteria for quality

checking and acceptance of each afforestation sub-compartment, which strengthened

the supervision and management of environmental protection. In the implementation

of previous four World Bank loan forestry projects, the "Environmental Protection

Compliance Rate" reached 96% in average, which shows that the EPG has been well

carried out in project implementation.

However, there are some lessons from the previous projects. The key lesson is that

the species (varieties) of project plantation were limited and forest pests/diseases


10

occurred sometimes. The low diversity of tree species caused the relatively lower

stability of project plantation ecosystem and week resistant to the incidents of forest

pests/diseases.

xisted in the project implementation, such as improper selection and configuration of

afforestation tree species in those project counties, overlarge size of pure forest and

low-effect of pest control in some project areas.

The project designers should aim at the features of all project forests belong to the

ecological forest, and fully learn lessons and experience from the preparation and

execution of the previous EPGs, so as to improve the project environmental

management to a higher standard.

2.2 Preparation and execution of “Pest Management Plan” (PMP)

The previous two World Bank loan forestry projects in Hunan, namely "NAP",

"FDPA", "FRDPP", and "SFDP" were prepared and executed a PMP with specific

provisions to the project plantations in the aspects of pests/diseases prevention and

monitoring as well as the safe use of chemical pesticides. The use of physical and

biological methods was encouraged; the high-efficient and low-poisonous chemical

pesticide was requested when chemical method is necessary.

Many successful experience were acquired in the previous projects, such as making

use of Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station (FPCQS) and Pest Forecasting

Stations at all levels for the timely forest pests/diseases monitoring and forecasting as

well as the effectively pests/diseases prevention.

This project would not only continually make use of FPCQS at all levels, but also will

increase the monitoring sites and extend monitoring area for better monitoring and

forecasting of the pests/diseases occurrence.

2.3 Organization of training on environmental protection measures at all levels

A great number of trainings were held to project technical and management staff at all

levels as well as project entities and farmers to enhance their environmental

awareness and help them to learn and master the knowledge and techniques required

in the EPG and PMP, so that they can carry out them precisely in the project

implementation..

2.4 Conduction of Ecological Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation


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The ecological environmental monitoring on soil erosion, soil fertility and

pests/diseases was conducted in the main timber forest, economic forest, bamboo

forest and multi-function protection forest to reveal the impacts on soil erosion and

soil fertility caused by project afforestation activities, as well as the regular pattern of

pests/diseases occurrence in project forests.

2.5 Environmental Management Performance of Previous World Bank Loan Forestry

Projects

In the project areas, there were no negative impacts caused by project implementation

on local natural forests, natural reserves and wild animal habitats.

The improper traditions of sites without careful preparation and “mountain burning”

site preparation methods were abandoned. Alternatively, the forest ecological

structures of project plantation forests coexisted with the rationally retained natural

arbors, bushes was formed to increase the ecological stability of forest plantations and

to maintain the soil fertility in forest plantations.

Such environmental protection measures of partial site preparation along contour line

and “triangle” form planting hole layout, partial forest tending method, retention of

under-forest vegetations were applied in the project afforestation and plantation forest

management to reduce soil and water loss, as well as to maintain soil fertility and

biodiversity of plantation forest.

The project plantation forests were formed as the multiple-variety and small-scale

continuous forests with more reasonable structure, by altering the traditional practice

of single superior variety plantation forest in large continuous scales, so that the risks

of land degradation and pests/diseases occurrence of the artificial forest ecosystems

have been reduced.

The pests/diseases in the project plantations has been well prevented, and the

occurrence of pests/diseases was controlled by a low level. The pests/diseases occur in

the individual forest stands were controlled timely and effectively. The main

pests/diseases prevention measures are physical and biological methods, and the

adopted chemical pesticides are all in accordance with related WHO requirements.

The environmental monitoring on different types of projects plantations showed that,

in the forest planting year and the followed year, the majority of forestland will


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experience a mild soil erosion (erosion modulus<2500 t/a·km2) as the result of site

slashing, site preparation, intercropping, young forest tending; moderate or heavy soil

erosion (erosion modulus>2500t/a`km2) only occur when overall site preparation

method or overall site forest tending method applied on slope lands; the occurrence of

pests/diseases in new forest plantation is low, and with almost no large-scale outbreak

of that.

The project technical and management staff at all levels as well as the project

beneficiaries (including local farmers) gained the environmental protection

consciousness in afforestation and plantation management, and mastered necessary

methods and measures of environmental protection, which ensured the environmental

protection compliance of project implementation, and the personnel foundation for

extending environmental protection measures in the establishment and management of

forest plantations in the project areas.

2.6 Ecological Environmental benefits achieved in Previous World Bank Loan

Forestry Projects

(1) The areas of forest land, the forest coverage and the amount of carbon

sequestration are increased.

Hunan province has successfully implemented the four World Bank loan forestry

projects, i.e. “NAP”, “FRDPP”, “FDPA” and “SFDP”. The newly afforestation

established by the four project is totally accumulated by 25.83 ×104 hectares which

brought a 4.8% increase of the forest coverage to the project areas. Meanwhile, the

amount of carbon sequestration was increased and the function of carbon

sequestration was enhanced in the project areas.

(2) The ecological environment is well protected and greatly improved.

Each previous project has prepared an practical EMP and executed it strictly in project

implementation, which resulted in the promoted ecological benefits such as reduction

of soil erosion, increase of forest coverage, enhancement of ecological function of

forest in water and soil conservation, etc., so that the ecological environment of

project areas got well protected and greatly improved.

(3) The biodiversity is protected and increased

The increase of forest area and form of forest microclimate provide a more suitable


13

living conditions for wildlife, so that the numbers and varieties of wild plants and

animals are significantly increased, and the biodiversity is more enriched..


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3. Project Description

3.1 Project Objectives

The objectives of this project include improving the ability of forest ecological system

in resistance to disaster climate and adaptation to climate change, as well as

enhancing the environmental function by developing and adopting forest restoration

and management methods, exploring the new forest operation models in

storm-affected areas where forest resources were seriously damaged.

3.2 Project components

A. Component One: Reforestation and rehabilitation of damaged ecological forest

plantations:

(1). This component includes two subcomponents:

(a) The full reforestation of ecological forest plantations completely denuded

by the ice storm. This reforestation would be achieved by reforesting

27,665.0 ha of forestland with various locally adapted mixes of conifer and

broadleaf indigenous species.

(b) The rehabilitation of damaged ecological forest plantations, which would

include:

(i) The supplemental reforestation of 18,635.0 ha of damaged and

partially denuded ecological forest plantations by inter-planting them

with mixes of conifer and broadleaf indigenous species; and

(ii) The regeneration of 12,560.0 ha of damaged ecological forest

plantation where natural regeneration (spontaneous germination of forest

seedlings from seed dropped by mature trees and stored in the ground, as

well as the sprouts from damaged stumps) would be promoted.

(2) The project interventions envisaged under this component would result in the

creation of rehabilitated multi-species ecological forest plantations that would

have multi-level structures (trees of different heights and ages) with an optimum

canopy cover allowing them to be more resilient to the effects of future natural


15

disasters and to provide better soil and water conservation and other

environmental functions.

B. Component two: Institutional support and technology enhancement:

Under this component, the project would finance five subcomponents:

(a) The upgrading of two central nurseries in Taoyuan County and Suxian

District and a provincial demonstration nursery in Ningxiang County, as well

as improve the quality of seedlings throughout the project areas. The

proposed upgrading would: (i) increase the number of seedling species and

supply amount as well as improve the quality of planting materials; and (ii)

support the adoption of better nursery management technologies.

(b) The establishment and strengthening of 22 beneficiaries’ cooperatives for

the purpose of reforesting, rehabilitating and long-term management of

ecological forest plantations.

(c) The implementation of research activities aimed at identifying and

disseminating new technologies and better adapted reforestation species; the

implementation of training and extension activities to introduce more adapted

ecological forest plantation species, new plantation technical models and

species mixes, as well as nursery production and management

techniques.These activities would also upgrade the capacity of forestry staff

and beneficiaries.

(d) Project monitoring and evaluation systems would be put in place to

monitor project progress and quality, measure its outputs and evaluate the

achievement of its anticipated impacts.

(e) Support to project management and institutional development, including

the establishment and continued satisfactory operation of the Project

Management Office at the provincial level (PPMO) and the 22 County

PMOs.

3.3 Distribution of project areas


16

The project will be implemented in 22 counties (city, district) of 10 prefectures in

Hunan province (see table 3-1 and figure 3-1).

Table 3-1 Distribution of project areas

No. Prefecture County (city, district)

1 Changsha Ningxiang

2 Zhuzhou Liling

3 Hengyang Leiyang, Changning and Hengnan

4 Yueyang Yueyang, Pingjiang

5 Shaoyang Xinshao

6 Changde Taoyuan and Dingcheng

7 Chenzhou Rucheng, Zixing, Suxian, Guiyang, Anren, Guidong and

Yongxing

8 Yongzhou Shuangpai and Jingdong

9 Huaihua Yuanling, Mayang

10 Autonomous

Prefecture Luxi

Figure 3-1 Distribution of project areas


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4. Description of Environmental Conditions and Analysis of

Environmental Quality in project areas

4.1 Description of environmental status in project areas

4.1.1 Natural environment

Hunan is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the south-central

China. The Chinese “Hunan” means “south to lake”. The name of "Hunan'

comes from most parts of the province located in the south to the DongTing

Lake, and its abbreviation of "Xiang" comes from the largest river in the

province, i.e. Xiang River.

The climate in Hunan is continental subtropical monsoon humid climate, wi th

distinct four seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall , a long frost-free period.

The annual sunshine hours are 1,300-1,800 hours, the annual average

temperature is 16-19℃, and annual precipitation is 1,200-1,700 ㎜ in the

province, which is suitable for human living and plants growth.

Water resource in Hunan is abundant for it owns the second largest fresh-water

lake, i.e. Dongting Lake and 4 main rivers, namely Xiang River, Zi River, Yuan

River, and Li River. The total amount of natural water resources is

1.9982×1011

m3, among which the total surface water resources is of

1.5652×1011

m3, underground water (shallow) is of 4.33×10

10m

3. The general

situation of natural environment in project areas is shown in table 4-1

Table4-1 General situation of natural environment in the project areas

No. County Topography Soil types Climate Hydrology

1 Ningxiang

county

The northern, western and

southern margins of the

county are surrounded by

mountains; the southeast

part is hilly; the northern

part is small upland; the

northeast part is low-lying,

flat and open.

Red soil is the main

type of mountain soil.

Annual

average

temperature

is 16.8℃;

annual

rainfall is

1358.3 ㎜.

Wei River

and Jin

River

app:ds:land

app:ds:types

app:ds:hydrology

app:ds:Weishui

app:ds:River


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2 Liling city The uplifting southwest and

northern part tilt to the

central part from two-way

by 4 steps of terrace; the

main topography is hill.

Main soil types are

red soil and red

yellow soil developed

from plate shale and

sandstone.

Annual

average

temperature

is 18.9℃;

annual

rainfall is

1450 ㎜.

Lu River,

Zhaoling

River and

Jian River

3 Leiyang city The terrain is relatively

complex, including

mountain, hill, small upland

and flat land, in which the

small upland and hill are the

primary types.

Mainly red soil Annual

average

temperature

is 17.9℃;

annual

rainfall is

1337 ㎜.

Lei River

4 Changning

city

Three terrain types,

including mountain, hills,

and plain.

Paddy soil, red soil,

purplish soil and

yellow soil are the

main mountain soils.

Annual

average

temperature

is 18.1℃;

annual

rainfall is

1350 ㎜.

Xiang

River

5 Hengnan

county

The county is located in a

basin with higher margins

and lower midst, which

open to north. The mainly

landforms include

mountain, hill, small upland

and flat land, in which hill

and small upland are the

commonest landform.

There are

granitization red soil,

board shale red soil,

red sandstone,

limestone red soil, the

quaternary red clay

and so on.

Annual

average

temperature

is 17.8℃;

annual

rainfall is of

1443 ㎜.

Zheng

River Lei

water

6 Pingjiang

county

The county has relative

complex geological

structure, various types of

landforms. The southeast

and northeast terrain is

higher, and the southwest is

lower.

The main mountain

soils are red soil and

yellow soil, and the

secondary is the lime

soil.

Annual

average

temperature

is 17.0℃;

annual

rainfall is of

1463 ㎜.

Lian, Zi

River

7 Yueyang

county

The proportion of

mountain, hills, small

upland, plain, and the water

area is 12:11:24:13:40

The mountain soils

are red soil, yellow

bonus rang and

yellow brown soil.

Annual

average

temperature

is 16.8℃;

annual

rainfall is

1458 ㎜.

Dongting

Lake,

Miluo

River

app:ds:Lushui

app:ds:River


19

8 Xinshao

county

Various types of landforms,

such as flat land, small

upland, hill and mountain

are exited in the county. The

terrain of the middle part is

gradually declined from

south to north.

The main soil tyes

include board shale

red soil, granitization

red soil, the

quaternary red clay,

red sandstone,

granitization yellow

soil and purple soil.

Annual

average

temperature

is 16.5 ℃;

annual

rainfall is

1365.3 ㎜.

Xinqiang

River

9 Taoyuan

county

Located in the transitional

belt from the western

Hunan mountainous and

Dongting plain, and the

main landscape is

middle-to-low mountains.

Red soil, yellow red

soil and mountain

yellow soil which

developed from plate

shale and sandstone

are the main soil

types.

Annual

average

temperature

is 16.5 ℃,

annual

rainfall is

1358.3 ㎜.

Yuan

River, Li

River

10 Dingcheng

District

Plain and hill are the main

terrains

Red soil is the

primary soil type,

paddy soil is the

secondary type, and

yellow soil and purple

clay soil also exist in

the county.

Annual

average

temperature

is 16.5℃;

annual

rainfall is

1423㎜.

Yuan

River, Li

River

11 Rucheng

County

The county is surrounded

by mountains and inserted

with hills and basins. , The

terrain is decline from the

northwest to the southeast.

Red soil, yellow red

soil, and mountain

yellow soil are the

main soil types.

1558.3 ㎜

Annual

average

temperature

is 16. 6℃;

annual

rainfall is

1558.3 ㎜.

Xiang

River

water

system:

Ou river,

Zhe river,

Xiu river

and Ce

river;

Gan River

water

system:

Jilong

river;

Bei River

water

system:

Jiulong

stream and

Cheng

stream

app:ds:Lishui

app:ds:River

app:ds:Lishui

app:ds:River


20

12 Zixing city The landform is

middle-to-low mountains.

The terrain is declined from

east to west in three

obviously horse-shoe steps.

The main soil types

are red soil, yellow

red soil, yellow soil,

etc, which were

developed from

granite, limestone,

plate shale and

glutenite.

Annual

average

temperature

is 16.6℃;

annual

rainfall is

1485 ㎜.

Dong

River

Cheng

River

Yongle

13 Suxian

district

The northwest part was

located in the south of

Chayong basin. In this area,

the terrain is relatively flat

and broad, hill is the mainly

type of landscape. The

altitude is declined from

southeast to northwest.

The red soil, which

developed from

limestone, plate shale,

and sandstone is the

main soil

Annual

average

temperature

is 18℃;

annual

rainfall is

1358.3 ㎜.

Lei River,

Wu river

14 Anren

County

Various types of landforms

such as flat land, small

upland, hill and mountain

are mixed in the county.

The main terrain is with a

trend from the southeast

part to the northwest part

and two basins lay among

three mountains, which

open to north.

The primary soil type

is red soil, which was

developed from


and sandstone

Annual

average

temperature

is 17.2℃;

annual

rainfall is

1430 ㎜.

Lei river

15 Guidong

County

The topography is

complicated, with rolling

mountains. This county has

typical mountainous land

where the mountains, deep

cut, high cliff, and flat hill

are freely crisscrossed

The primary soil type

is red soil, which was

developed from


and sandstone.

Annual

average

temperature

is 16.2℃;

annual

rainfall is

1670 ㎜.

Yongle

River

16 Guiyang

County

The main landform is hill

and hill, with a higher

northern and southern area

and lower middle area.

The soil is vertical

distributed from

yellow-red soil,

yellow soil , yellow

brown soil to

mountain meadow

soil

Annual

average

temperature

is 16.8℃;

annual

rainfall is

1458.3 ㎜.

Lei river,

Mi river,

Sui river


21

17 Yongxing

County

There are various types of

landforms, such as

mountain, hill, hill and

basin. Hill distribute in the

east, hill in the west, while

hill and basin are alternated

in the middle, open in the

south and north like saddle

or mulberry.

The red soil

developed from board

shale is the main type

of soil, followed by

red soil developed

from limestone, and

sandstone, acid purple

soil, and purple clay

soil

Annual

average

temperature

is of 17.6 ℃;

annual

rainfall is of

1417 ㎜.

Lei River

18 Shuangpai

County

The main landform is

mountain combined with

hill, hill and plain. The

topography is like a saddle,

lower in the south and

north. The topography is

complex with numerous

divisions.

The red soil is the

main soil type,

followed by the

mountain yellow soil,

and yellow brown

soil.

Annual

average

temperature

is 17.8℃;

annual

rainfall is

1512 ㎜.

Xiao

River

19 Gold hole

administrative

zones

The primary

geomorphologic pedogenic

rocks are sandstone, shale

and carbonaceous slate. The

soil is deep and fertile and

with a high content of

organic.

Main soil types

include paddy soil,

aquic soil, red soil,

mountain yellow

earth, yellow brown

soil, mountain

meadow soil and

rendzina, ect.

Annual

average

temperature

is 16.8℃;

annual

rainfall is

1846 ㎜.

Xiao

River

20 Yuanling

County

The landform is tilted from

the southern and northern

mountain ridge to Yuan

River, convex in the

southern area, lower in the

east and west and sinking in

the middle which shapes a

river valley

The main types of

soil include paddy

soil, red soil,purple

soil, etc.

Annual

average

temperature

is 16.6 ℃;

annual

rainfall is

1538 ㎜.

Yuan

River,

You water

21 Mayang

county

The southwestern part is

mountainous, the northeast

is hills and the middle is

valley with hilly plain

The main type of soil

include paddy

soil,purple soil, aquic

soil, red soil,

mountain yellow

earth,mountain

yellow brown soil,

and mountain

meadow soil.

Annual

average

temperature

is 17.2℃;

annual

rainfall is

1432 ㎜.

Jin River


22

22 Luxi county The main landform is low

mountains sloping gently

from the east to the west.

And the topography is like a

‘川’from east to west.

The main type of soil

include paddy soil,

aquic soil, red

soil,mountain yellow

earth, yellow brown

soil, mountain

mountain soil and

rendzina.

Annual

average

temperature

is 17.0℃;

annual

rainfall is

1450㎜.

Yuan

River Wu

River

4.1.2 Social environment

(1) Social economy:

The total territory area in Hunan province is 21×104 ㎞ 2

with a population of 70

million, including 55 million of agricultural populations. There are 14 prefectures,

122 counties (city, district) in Hunan province. In 2010 the total GDP of Hunan

province is RMB 1,590 billion Yuan, among which the GDP of the first, second, and

third industry is RMB 233.9, 731.2, and 624.9 billion Yuan respectively. The

overview of the economic and social condition of each project county (city, district) is

shown in Table 4-2

Table 4-2 Social economic status in the project areas

Project

county (city,

district)

Total territory

area

(×104 hectares)

Number of

township (town,

forest farm)

Total

Population

(×104)

Agricultural

population(×104)

GDP

(￥×1011

)

Ningxiang 29 33 136 120 290

Liling 21.6 33 103.2 88.07 260

Leiyagn 26.56 36 130 102 240

Changning 20.46 27 86 70 159

Hengnan 26.2 25 99 91.55 120

Xinshao 17.2 15 80 67.80 100

Pingjaing 21 27 100 82.62 98.6

Yueyang 19.3 20 76 65.40 102

Taoyuan 16.3 40 97.6 82.93 112

Dingcheng 8.8 37 85 72.5 132

Rucheng 29.3 23 37 32.48 82

Zixing 21 27 36 24.3 156

Suxian 5 17 36.42 22.57 93

Guiyang 12 39 86 69 86

Anren 14 21 39 34.75 56

Guidong 13 19 17 12.67 45

Yongchang 21 25 63.85 42.62 87

Shuangpai 26 15 22 14 56


23

Jindong 7.2 5 15 14.5 12

Yuanling 45 23 70 45.67 97

Mayang 18 23 38.83 32.77 45

Luxi 19 17 29 27 32

(2) Land ownership

For the 22 project counties of 10 prefectures, 58,860.0 hectares of land have been

selected as project areas, 10.6% of which is state-owned, and other 89.4% is of

collective-owned. In the other word, 6,239.16 hectares of project areas are belonged

to the state owned lands, and 52,620.84 hectares of project areas are belonged to the

collective owned lands.

4.1.3 Ecological environment

Hunan is located in the central subtropical zone, with mild climate, favorable

ecological environment and rich biodiversity. The forest converge is over 57% in the

province. Hunan is rich in plant resources, diverse in vegetation types. According to

the survey, there are totally 248 families of vascular plants, 1245 genera (including

119 indigenous genera), and more than 5500 species of plants in Hunan, which ranks

seventh in China. There are five rare “living fossil" plant species, i.e. Cathaya

argyrophylla, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Glyptostrobus pensilis, Ginkgo biloba

and Davidia involucrata Baill survive in here.

Lush vegetation provides a suitable living condition for wildlife. According the

statistic, there are 897 species of vertebrates belonging to 5 classes, 44 orders and 146

families in Hunan province, including 91 species of mammals belonging to 9 orders

and 28 families, 448 species of birds belonging to 19 orders and 71 families, 92

species of reptiles belonging to 3 orders and 15 families, 64 species of amphibians

belonging to 2 orders and 9 families, 202 species of fish belonging to 11 orders and 23

families, among which there are 18 species of the Grade Ⅰ of national protective

animals and 79 species of the Grade Ⅱ of national protective animals. The present

situation of ecological environment in the project areas is shown in Table 4-3.

Table 4-3 Ecological environment status in the project areas

Project

county Vegetation resources status Animal resources status

Ningxiang

county The type of forest vegetation is central There are abundant animal resources,


24

subtropical evergreen broad-leaved

forests, and there are 86 families and 691

species of seed plants, including 13

species of national protective wild plants

(2 species of Grade Ⅰ, and 11 species of

Grade Ⅱ).

including otter, pangolin, masked civet,

tiger frog, owls, Tyto, and silver

pheasant which are Grade Ⅱ of national

protective animals

Liling city

The type of forest vegetation is central



species of seed plants which include 12

species of the national protective wild

plants (2 species of Grade Ⅱ and 10

species of Grade Ⅰ).

There are abundant animal resources,

including Clouded Leopard which is the

Grade Ⅰ of national protective

animals and otter, pangolin, masked

civet, tiger frog, owls, Tyto, and Silver

pheasant which are the Grade Ⅱ of

national protective animals.

Leiyang

city






plants (5 species of Grade Ⅰ and 10

species of Grade Ⅱ).

Animal populations mainly consist with

South China fauna, southwest China

fauna and a few northern China fauna.

According to a survey, there are 18

species of mammals, 17 species of

birds, 85 species of fish.

Changning

city






plants (5 species of Grade Ⅰ, 12 species

of Grade Ⅱ).

This area is located in the transition

zone of Palearctic and Oriental region

according to the forest animal

regionalization, in which live more than

200 species of animals, including 30

species of mammals, more than 70

species of birds, 20 species of reptiles,

20 species of amphibians, more than 80

species of fish.

Hengnan

county



forests, and there are 121 families and

834 genera of seed plants which include

20 species of the national protective wild


of Grade Ⅱ).

This area is located in the transition

zone of Palearctic and Oriental region

according to the forest animal

regionalization, in which live more than

200 species of species, including 30

species of mammals, more than 60

species of birds, 20 species of reptiles,

20 species of amphibians, more than 80

species of fish.

Xinshao

county




868 species of seed plants which include



Wildlife resources ecological

classification belongs to the central

subtropical forest, shrubs, grassland and

cropland fauna. There are various

species, including 33 species of

mammals (7 orders, 18 families), 66


25

of Grade Ⅱ). species of birds (12 orders, 29

families ),84 species of reptilian (3

orders, 10 families),species of

amphibian (2 orders, 7 families), 89

species of fish (7 orders, 16 families)

Pingjiang

county







of Grade Ⅱ).

There are 154 species of wild vertebrate

(24 orders, 59 families), including 29

species of mammals (9 orders, 16

families), 98 species of birds (11 orders,

28 families), and 27 species of

amphibian (2 orders, 7 families).

YueYang

county







of Grade Ⅱ).

289 species of wild animals, including

22 species of mammals and 266 species

of birds.

Taoyan

county







of Grade Ⅱ).

There are 212 species of terrestrial

vertebrates (4 classes, 25 orders, 70

families), including 24 species of

amphibians, 40 species of reptilian, 106

species of birds and 42 species of

mammals.

Dingceng

district







of Grade Ⅱ).

There are rare and valuable animals,

including forest musk deer, tufted deer,

sambar, south China tiger, Panthera

pardus, Chrysolophus pictus, Tragopan

caboti golden pheasant, Silver pheasant,

Leiothrixlutea etc.

RuCheng

county







of Grade Ⅱ).

There are rare wildlife species,

including species of mammals (sambar,

deer, otter wild goat Malayan pangolin

etc), tracing of the south China tiger

which was found in Yangdong mountain

at the border between Guangdong and

Hunan province, species of birds

(pheasant, wild duck, eagle, owl, Swan,

turtledove, egret, wild goose etc.) and

species of fish (Hemiculter, siniperca

chuatsi, salangid, Xenocypris davidi

http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e6%9e%97%e9%ba%9d&tjType=sentence&style=&t=forest+musk+deer

http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e6%af%9b%e5%86%a0%e9%b9%bf&tjType=sentence&style=&t=tufted+deer


26

etc.)

Zixing

county







of Grade Ⅱ).

There are rare wildlife species,

including species of mammals (sambar,

deer, hedgehog, Chinese water deer,

otter, wild goat, Malayan pangolin etc),

species of birds (pheasant, wild duck,

eagle, owl, Swan, turtledove, egret, wild

goose etc.) and species of fish

(Hemiculter, siniperca chuatsi, salangid,

Xenocypris davidi etc.)

Suxian

district







of Grade Ⅱ).

There are 75 species of vertebrates (19

orders, 70 families), including 17



14 families), 20 species of

Amphibian-reptiles (4 orders, 7

families).

GuiYang

county







of Grade Ⅱ).

There are 175 species of vertebrates (19

orders, 53 families), including 17



19 families), 40 species of amphibians

(4 orders, 16 families).

Anren

county







of Grade Ⅱ).

There are more than 800 species of Wild

animals, including 22 species of

mammals, 210 species of birds. 27

species of snakes and 79 species of fish.

Guidong

county




2031 species of seed plants which

include 20 species of the national

protective wild plants (4 species of Grade

Ⅰ, 16 species of Grade Ⅱ).

240 species of terrestrial vertebrate, and

116 species of birds.

YongXing

county







Animals in this area belong to the

central subtropics forest, shrubs,

grassland, and cropland fauna, with

abundant species and quantities. There

are more than 200 species of wildlife,

including 27 species of rare animals,


27

of Grade Ⅱ). 200 species of common wild animals.

Shuangpai

county








153 species of animals, belonging to 7

orders, 17 families and 62 genera

Jindong

district







of Grade Ⅱ).

110 species of animals, belonging to 7

orders, 12 families and 51 genera

Yuanling

county





include 22 genera of the national



In Yuanling, wild boar and pangolin are

the main species of wild mammal, and

species and quantities of birds,

squamous animals and reptiles are

abundant here.

Mayang

county








In Yuanling, wild boar and pangolin are

the main species of wild mammal, and

species and quantities of birds,

squamous animals and reptiles are

abundant here.

Luxi

county







Ⅰ and 16 species of Grade Ⅱ).

130 species of wild animals, including

29 species of fish, 8 species of

amphibians, 11 species of reptilia, 37

species of birds, 19 species of

mammals.

4.1.4 Natural Habitats and physical cultural resources

The distance of selected project construction sites to any natural heritage and natural

habitat is more than 2 kilometers, so it is not involved in issues related to heritage

conservation and protection of natural habitats. There is a scattered distribution of

http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e9%b3%9e&tjType=sentence&style=&t=squamous

http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e9%b3%9e&tjType=sentence&style=&t=squamous


28

cultural relics and historic sites in the project counties, but there are no relics and

historic sites in the selected project sites.

4.2 Analysis of current environmental quality related to the project

4.2.1 Soil erosion and surface runoff in Hunan

Hunan belongs to typical mountain and hill terrain, with a mountain and hill area

accounting for 80% of total provincial land area and an erodible soil area accounting

for more than half of the total territory area of the province. With abundant rainfall

and frequent rainstorm, a lot of factors are existing that may cause soil erosion. Owing

to the dense population and influence of social economic activities, namely

development, utilization, production and construction, soil erosion is further

aggravated. According to the analysis at the prefectural level, soil erosion areas in 6

prefectures, i.e. Huaihua, Shaoyang, Chenzhou, Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture,

Yongzhou and Hengyang occupy 63% of the total erosion area in the province.

Huaihua has the largest area of soil erosion in the province, the total erosion area in

this prefecture is 5,107 ㎞ 2. It is can be seen from the province's soil erosion figure

that the distribution of soil erosion is dispersedly and widely, with “surface erosion”

and “local landslides” as its main erosion forms, “collapse” also a common form.

Except Anxiang and Nan county which located in the Lake region, soil erosion has

occurred in the other project counties in different degree. The red soil hilly region in

the middle of Hunan and Wuling mountainous in the west and northwest of Hunan are

still with relatively concentrated and severe soil and water loss in Hunan province.

According to the overall analysis of soil and water loss situation, the moderate erosion

is the main type of soil erosion in Hunan with the area of 22,128 ㎞ 2, which

accounting for 54.78% of the total area of soil erosion in the province; the light

erosion is rank second with an area of 15,996 ㎞ 2, which accounting for 39.6% of the

total area of soil erosion; areas in serious erosion and extremely erosion in Hunan take

the smaller percentage.

4.2.2 Water quality of related water bodies

Hunan has abundant water resources with good water quality. Water quality in the

followed Rivers is above the Grade Ⅲ of national standard: the Wei River and its

branch Jin River in Ningxiang County, Lu River, Zhaoling River and Jian River in


29

Liling City, Lei River in Leiyang City, Xiang River and its tributaries Yi River, Tan

River and Chunling River in Changning city, Xiang River and Lei River in Hengnan

County, Xinqiang River in Xinshao County, Lian River in Pingjiang County, Dongting

Lake and Miluo River in Yueyang County, YuanRiver and Li River in Taoyuan county

and Dingcheng District, the tributaries of Xiang River namely Ou River, Zhe River,

Xiu River, Ce River, and the tributary of North River namely Chengxi River in

Rucheng County, East River, Cheng River and Yongle River in Zixing city, Lei River

and Wu River in Suxian district, Lei River, Mi River, Sui River in Guiyang County,

Lei River in Anren County, Yongle River in Guidong County, Lei River in Yongxing

county, Yuan River and You River in Yuanling county, Jin River in Mayang county

and Yuan River and Wu River in Luxi County. Water quality in the followed Rivers

can reach the Grade Ⅱof national standard: the tributaries of Gan River namely Nine

Dragon River and Gathering Dragon River in Rucheng County, Xiao River in

Shuangpai county and Jingdong management zone. The water quality of underground

water in each of the project counties is good.

4.2.3 Vegetation Coverage and Plant Community Structure

Hunan is a province with a high vegetation coverage, in which the forest coverage

reaches 57%.

Hunan is rich in plant resources and diverse in vegetation types. There are five

vegetation type groups, 12 vegetation types and 146 formations in the whole province.

Common plant communities include evergreen broad-leaved forest, such as

Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest, Castanopsis eyrei forest, lithocarpus forest,

Castanopsis sclerophylla forest, forest of Castanopsis kawakamii, castanopsis carlesii

forest, schima superba forest; deciduous broad-leaved forest in the middle mountain

region, such as Fagus lucida forest and Betula insignis forest; deciduous broad-leaved

forest in low mountain region, such as Castanea henryi forest, forest of Quercus

glandulifera, white oak forest, cork oak forest, forest of Betula luminifera,

Liquidambar formosana forest; coniferous forest mainly consists of masson pine,

Taiwan pine, Pinus kwangtungensis, Tsuga longibracteata Cheng, hemlock forest

mixed with broadleaf tree, silver fir, Douglas fir, etc.

4.2.4 Biodiversity status

http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e5%b0%8f%e7%ba%a2%e6%a0%b2%e6%9e%97&tjType=sentence&style=&t=castanopsis+carlesii+forest

http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e5%b0%8f%e7%ba%a2%e6%a0%b2%e6%9e%97&tjType=sentence&style=&t=castanopsis+carlesii+forest

http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e6%9c%a8%e8%8d%b7%e6%9e%97&tjType=sentence&style=&t=schima+superba+forest

dict://key.0895DFE8DB67F9409DB285590D870EDD/Fagus%20lucida

dict://key.0895DFE8DB67F9409DB285590D870EDD/Betula%20insignis

dict://key.0895DFE8DB67F9409DB285590D870EDD/Pinus%20kwangtungensis


30

Hunan has the favorable climate, diverse environment, rich biodiversity, and a total

number of 6254 species of animals and plants among which there are 5361 species of

vascular plants (not including the cultivated plants and invasive plants) and 893

species of vertebrates. Hunan has a large number of birds with a total number of 435

species, for instant, there are 9 species of crane in China, and 4 species can be found

in Hunan, and the amount of Anser erythropus overwintering in Dongting Lake is

accounted for 90% of the entire world. There are 2989 species of Chinese endemic

species recorded in Hunan, including 2770 species of endemic plants and 219 species

of endemic animals.

There are 82 species of vertebrate and higher plants invaded into Hunan, including 65

species of invasive plants, 17 species of vertebrate, and other 12 species of insects.

According to the endangered species grade made by IUCN, there are 16 species were

critically endangered, 73 species were endangered, 232 species were vulnerable, and

151 species were nearly endangered.

4.2.5 Environment pollution

The project areas are in the typical rural district, which is far away from the city and

town; basically there are no large scale gas and water pollution source in periphery, so

that the regional environmental quality is good, except the soil pollution in limited

areas that maybe caused by mineral composition or fertilization of the soil.


31

5. Environmental Impact Analysis of Project Construction

5.1 Positive Environmental Impacts

The implementation of the project is helpful for full play of the various functions and

benefits of forest, especially by obvious expansion of forested areas, improvement of

forest structure and forest quality, and improvement of the regional ecological

environment condition. According to the project implementation, it will make positive

effects on water conservation, soil and water conservation, soil improvement and

biodiversity increase.

5.1.1 Water conservation, soil and water conservation and soil improvement

When project completed, the forest coverage in the project areas will be increased by

1%. The forest will weaken the rainfall erosion force, improve the soil structure, rise

the erosion-resistant capability of the soil, hold moisture seepage and evaporation,

increase the soil permeability, extend the runoff formation time, reduce the surface

runoff volume and speed by the biological physical function of the forest canopy,

forest litter layer and soil, thus to improve the functions of regulating flood peak,

water conservation, soil erosion prevention, soil conservation and water purification.

5.1.2 Increase biodiversity

With a success implementation of this project, the original ecological environment

condition in the project areas will be improved to create a better conditions for

biological population to live and multiply which will increase the plant diversity and

vegetation coverage, and attract some birds and small mammals for multiplication,

thereby the local diversity will be enriched.

5.1.3 Increase carbon sequestration and condition micro-climate

In the photosynthesis process, forest, with an important position in the atmosphere

balance of the earth, can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, therefore it can

effectively slow down the greenhouse effect. According to the statistic, one hectare of

forest could release 10.7 tons of oxygen and absorb 13 tons of carbon dioxide

annually in average. This project will establish 58,860 hectares of project plantation,

by roughly calculated, it would release 630,000 tons of oxygen and absorb 765,000

tons of carbon dioxide annually. Forest has the function of adjusting temperature for

the tree canopy can sheltering against the sun radiation energy, the temperature


32

difference between day and night or between winter and summer in forest is relatively

small, which can reduce the freezing damage. At the same time, transpiration of trees

can increase the moisture content of air, which results in the humidity in forest is

5%-20% higher than non-forest land. In addition, the forest also has certain function

in increasing precipitation.

5.2 Potential Negative Environmental impacts and mitigation measures

5.2.1 Negative environmental impacts of site selection and mitigation measures

5.2.1.1Impacts Analysis

(1) The Improper selection of the sites, such as afforest in the top shrub community or

open forest land in relative arid area will cause some negative impacts on maintaining

the regional biodiversity as well as the naturalness and integrity of ecosystem.

(2) It may cause serious water and soil erosion, if the slope of selected project sites is

over 35°.

(3) The improper distribution of project sites, such as too close to the natural reserves

or ecological welfare forests will cause negative impacts on the habitats or the

migrating corridors of wildlifes.

5.2.1.2 Mitigation measures

(1) Forest Plantation Areas which are seriously destroyed by ice disaster, of

geo-ecological importance, fragile in ecological conditions or have severe ecological

problems should be selected for project afforestation. Areas with valuable natural

habitats, natural and cultural heritages can never be selected. The forbidden areas for

new plantation establishment and existing plantation improvement include areas less

than 2000 m from the buffer zones of nature or cultural heritages, less than 50m from

the main river banks and 20m from the subsidiary river banks.

(2) The area with slope over 35° can not be selected for project afforestation. And the

quality of selected project sites should be mainly category Ⅱ and category Ⅲ of site

classification.

(3) Zoning sub-compartment in a reasonable way, and strictly control the scale of

afforestation. Areas of each sub-compartment of the reforestation and rehabilitation of

damaged ecological forest should not exceed 20 and 35 hectares respectively.


33

5.2.2 Negative environmental impacts of species (variety) selection and distribution

and Mitigation measures

5.2.2.1 Impact analysis

Good native tree species should be selected as the main afforestation species in the

project. The improper selection of tree species may introduce invasive species. Large

scale of pure forest plantation with simple forest structure, less biodiversity, and

limited genetic genes will cause negative impacts on forest landscape and

biodiversity, meanwhile, it also will weaken the mechanism of pest control, hence to

exacerbate the risk of the occurrence of pests/diseases.


(1) Good native tree species should be selected as the main afforestation species in the

project. The size of contiguous plantation of single species or variety should be

strictly controlled. In the mixed afforestation models, the number of dominant tree

species can not exceed 70% of the total tree numbers.

(2) Introduction of tree species or varieties should be strictly controlled. The tree

species or varieties that have been successfully afforested by experiment can be

introduced; the new exotic species or invasive species are forbidden to introduce.

(3) In the aspect of allocation of tree species, it is advocated to establish mixed forest

with multiple tree species, which should mix with the existing forests and natural

vegetation.

(4) Proper site selection and scientific allocation of tree species should be considered

during the project design, such as combination of tree species, provenance, gene types

and tree ages. The strong seedlings cultivated from superior provenance, families or

clones of native tree species are selected for afforestation to strengthen the

pests/diseases and diseases resistance capacity and to reduce risks of pests/diseases

occurrence..

(5) In designing and arranging forest plantations, it is suggest that make full use of

wildlife corridor, retain native tree species, using the rivers protection corridor,

allocate tree species in different ages, adopt the associated tree species methods to

mimic the local natural forest landscape pattern, promote the protection, recovery and

maintenance of natural plant communities.

app:ds:successfully


34

5.2.3 Negative environmental impacts of site slashing and preparation and Mitigation

measures

5.2.3.1 Impacts analysis.

Site slashing may cause permanent or temporary disturbs on vegetation and plant

resources, including destroy of original vegetation, loss of surface soil, and reduce of

soil fertility. In particular, site slashing by mountain burning will totally destroy the

original vegetation and cause severe loss of surface soil and soil fertility.

The improper site preparation may result in water and soil loss in partial areas.


(1) Mountain burning is forbidden for the site slashing.

(2) Bushes or grasses that hinder the afforestation activities should be removed in

patch or strip forms. Removed bushes or grasses should be piled between such strips

or planting holes for natural decomposition.

(3) Vegetations in steep slope land or slope top, and forest land in gully or river bank

are forbidden to clean-up.

(4) Hole, strip or overall types are selected at the time of site preparation, which

should be based on the slopes conditions. The ground breaking area should be

controlled below 25%.

(5) Vegetation protection belt of l0 m wide should be retained between the edges of

the forest plantation block and the farmland.

(6) After the site preparation, the litter materials will be mulched on land surface to

avoid raw soil exposure.

(7) When digging hole on rocky mountain with slope over 25°, the ecological barriers

should be built to avoid rolling rock to protect people and farmland.

5.2.4 Negative environmental impacts of tending management measures on forest

plantations and Mitigation measures

5.2.4.1Impacts analysis

Tending management activities may cause negative environmental impacts on project

areas and nearby regions by destroy of vegetation, disturb of surface soil, cause of

new soil erosion as well as water and soil loss, etc.



35

Partial treatment is adopted for young forest tending to keep as far as possible the site

natural vegetation. The weed removed thereby will be kept in-site as mulches. Litter

collection is forbidden in forest so as to improve the capacity of water conservation

and soil fertility maintenance of forest.

5.2.5 Negative environmental impacts of forest path construction

5.2.5.1 Impacts analysis

There will be partial excavation in the project construction. Large scale of excavation

will cause water and soil loss in some areas;


(1) The forest paths should be constructed with a maximum use of existing paths..

(2) The forest paths should be constructed along contour line as much as possible.

(3) The forest paths should be built with a width between 0.8m～1m and an average

density between 30~80m/hm2. Large scale of ground digging should be prohibited.

5.2.6 Negative environmental impacts of application of pesticides and fertilizers


(1) In the procedures of nursery stock breeding and forest pest control, the application

of pesticides will be increased. Unreasonable use of pesticides may kill natural

enemies of pests and harm other wild animals, hence to cause biodiversity reduction

and species imbalance.

(2) Improper application of pesticides may cause the pollution on water and soil

nearby.

(3) Improper application of fertilizers such as broadcast fertilizer directly may cause

the loss of fertilizers, pollution of water source and decline of water quality nearby.

(4) Long-term application of fertilizers will change the physical and chemical

properties of soil, lead soil harden, and decline soil fertility.

(5) Improper way to clean or handle the pesticide containers may pollute water body

and soil.


(1) It is advocate to reduce the use of chemical pesticides by prevention and biological

control methods.


36

(2) When pesticide is necessary, it is advocate to use the pesticides of Grade Ⅲ and U

of WHO, which have low poisonous on the non-target pests. Pesticides of Grade Ⅰof

WHO is forbidden in use.

(3) Project farmers or workers should be trained on safe management, storage and use

of chemical pesticides before the application of pesticides, in order to avoid the harm

to human beings and pollution of water sources or foods. Containers of pesticides or

fertilizers should be unified collected and handled.

(4) Take the scientific and reasonable fertilizing method. The organic fertilizer and

green fertilizer are advocated. Application of chemical fertilizers should strictly

followed the requirements of project design that fertilizer should be applied by

planting holes or trenches and covered by soil immediately, and broadcast fertilizer

addressing is strictly forbidden.

(5) It is forbidden to clean containers of pesticide in water sources, water body of

aquaculture or watering place of livestocks. Cleaning containers in the irrigation water

system is allowed.

5.2.7 Negative environmental impacts of timber felling and yarding


(1) Improper felling will cause harm to rest standing trees and understory vegetation,

resulting in the loss of soil nutrients

(2) Large-scale of clear-cutting may lead decline of overall function of forest

ecosystem.

(3) Improper methods of yarding may destroy the surrounding trees and natural water

system.

(4) Skidding road and loading factory will cause serious water and soil erosion


(1) Prohibit clear-cutting; Felling is allowed under the project only for purposes of

tending and regeneration. The understory vegetation should be protected when felling.

(2) When felling in bamboo forest, using selection cutting with maintaining a

reasonable number and forest age configuration of bamboo.

(3) Existing trails should be used for yarding. Forest earth road with width less than

1m could be built if necessary.

app:ds:fertilizing

app:ds:method


37

(4) Yarding should strive to use log-length logging rather than tree-length logging.

5.2.8 Negative environmental impacts of nursery construction

Construction of nursery includes construction of office building, laboratory, irrigation

canals, transport roads, and inner roads of the nursery.


(1) The construction will change the status of the original land, and affect the local

vegetation and biodiversity at a certain extent.

(2) Dust, waste water and noise would affect the status of the local ecological

environment; improper construction methods and environmental protection measures,

such as large scale of excavation, would easily cause new soil erosion and bring

negative impacts on the local ecological environment;

(3) Improper treatment of laboratory wastewater would cause pollution of water

bodies;

(4) Acequia construction may affect the productive life of local residents.


(1) The scale and type of construction should be under control strictly to minimize the

impact on the local vegetation and biodiversity.

(2) Strengthen the management of construction and supervision of environmental

protection to reduce negative impacts on environment caused by wastes.

Ⅰ.Dust pollution

① Tiny solid materials stacked on the ground in job sites should be sealed kept

or covered, According to the nature of materials, measures like watering should

be taken to suppress dust effectively.

② Removal and transportation of construction waste should be carried out in

closed container. Construction waste should be stored respectively in

accordance with the provisions of municipal waste classification, and removed

in time.

③ The vehicle used in transportation should be covered with tarpaulins.

④ Measures such as building fence or watering should be used to suppress dust

at the construction site.


38

⑤ Earthwork should be centralized kept with cover and vehicles should not be

over-loaded.

⑥ Entrances and exits of construction site should take measures to ensure the

vehicles keeping clean. Soil attached in the surface of vehicles should be

moved off before exiting construction site.

⑦ Construction sites should be watering and keep clean timely.

⑧ Any burning of wastes is prohibited.

Ⅱ.Noise

In different stages of the construction, various noise sources should cause different

impacts on the quality of acoustic environment. Measures should be taken

appropriately to reduce the impacts to a minimum level.

① The advanced and reliable low-noise equipment should be selected.

② Construction time should be set from 8:00 am to 20:00 pm. In the lunch

break period, i.e. 12:00 ~ 14:00, construction activities should be prohibited. In

principle, construction at night is forbidden, the necessary night construction

should be certified by the administrative departments of construction, approved

by the administrative department of environmental protection, and announced

to residents.

③ For noisy machinery and equipment, damping basis or damping bearings

should be set or be surrounded by damping material.

④ Reasonable personnel arrangements should be taken, operating time of the

noisy machinery operators should be reduced and earmuffs should be equipped

to construction workers.

⑤ Regular and effective maintenance should be taken to keep equipments in

good condition for the purpose of reducing noise and extending the service life

of machine.

⑥ Managements of machinery and operator and operating procedures in

construction should be paid enough attention to.

Ⅲ.Waste Water


39

① Waste water of vehicle washing, building materials washing, concrete

maintenance, sand washing, etc. should be collected into tanks and suspended

in temporary sedimentation pond and reused.

② Through strictly construction management to reduce the waste water resulted

from improper use of machines, and temporary drainage system, as well as

water and soil conservation measures to prevent the negative impacts of soil

erosion caused by piling up spoil on the water environment.

③ Construction unit should take measures on treatment of wastewater.

④ Laboratory wastewater should be treated through the sector with professional

design to the standard level before discharging to the receiving water body.

⑤ Stuff should be trained on environmental protection and waste treatment

knowledge to enhance their environmental protection awareness and ensure the

correct treatment of wastes..

Ⅳ.Solid waste

In accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, solid wastes, like

construction waste, spoil (slag) and garbage should be properly collected and treated.

① Construction waste should be recycled and reused comprehensively in other

secondary construction like road construction. The surplus should be

centralized and treated in time.

② Transportation of construction waste should be carried out in closed

container and treated in time.

③ Water spraying should be done before shipments of construction waste

④ Garbage should be collected in trash bag and sent to waste disposal facilities

⑤ Toxic and hazardous substances should be treated in accordance with the

provisions of laws, burning of these substances is forbidden.

⑥ Irrigation canals should designed reasonably and reduce effects on local

residents.

5.3 Risk analysis and prevention measures

The risks of the project include fire, freezing, drought and pests/diseases. The risk

factors, degrees and prevention measures are shown in table 5-1.

Table.5-1 Risk analysis and risk prevention measures


40

Factor Analysis Measures of Risk prevention Degree

of risk

Environment

risk level

Fire

(1) Improper layout of

fire break belt will

increase the hidden

trouble of fire

occurrence and the

possibility of large area

of damaged forest once

the fire occurs.

(2) Unsound fire

prevention agencies as

well as mechanism can

not timely and

efficiently prevent and

control the forest fire.

(1) Construct fire break belt and

forest path strictly according to

the regulations. The chief fire

break belt is required with a

length of 20m, and the associate

fire break belt of 15m. Schima

and bayberry can be selected as

firebreak tree species with

planting space of 2x2m.

(2) To efficiently protect forest

and control fires by making full

use of the existing forest fire

prevention agencies,

strengthening the publicity, and

realizing the forest fire

prevention mechanism.

(3) Each afforestation entity must

work out the forest protection

and fire prevention plan as well

as the regulation on forest fire

prevention for local villages, and

define fire prevention responsible

area. The enough forest rangers

should be arranged to match each

afforestation area, and work

regarding fire prevention should

be reported to the PMO and

forest fire prevention

organizations in time.

General Low

Freezing

damage

Freezing has impacts on

tree growth in a certain

extent. But freezing

generally occurs

periodically. The cold

resistant species will be

selected to avoid the

risk.

Mainly through selection of

afforestation species or varieties

with strong resistance of cold. If

necessary, using the trunk painted

white, fumigation and other

methods to prevent or mitigate

the harm caused by cold

temperatures.

General General

Drought

Drought in the project

areas will lead a

potential threat to tree

growth. Through tree

species selection, the

impacts of drought can

be reduced.

Minimizing the risk of drought

by selection of drought-resistant

species and extension of drought

resistant cultivation techniques in

the project afforestation..

General General

Pests The project forest may Realizing the efficiently Midium General


41

Factor Analysis Measures of Risk prevention Degree

of risk

Environment

risk level

and

diseases be harmed by pest

insects and diseases, but

with the established

quarantine system of

pest inserts and diseases

and the

reporting/forecasting

network, the risk can be

forecasted and promptly

addressed to ensure

health of the project

forests.

prevention and control of forest

pests/diseases by applying the

advanced concept and methods of

IPM in guiding project

pests/diseases prevention,

making use of sound

pests/diseases monitoring

network at national and local

level, extending physical and

biological control measures,

strictly using high-efficiency and

low-toxicity pesticides for

chemical control, etc.

5.4 Summary of mitigation measures of negative impacts and prevention measures of risks

The project construction will cause some negative impacts and environmental risks on environment. The negative impacts and respective

mitigation measures as well as the risks analysis in different construction stages are shown in the table 5-2.

Table5-2 Summary of analysis on negative impacts or risks by project construction and their prevention or mitigation measures

Project stages Project

activities Negative impacts/Risks Prevention or mitigation measures

Executing

agencies

Supervision

agencies

Design stage Site

selection

1. Improper selection of the

project sites will damage the

natural vegetation in the

ecological fragile areas.

2. It may cause serious water

and soil erosion, if the slope

is greater than 35°

3. Improper distribution of

project sites will cause

negative impacts on the

habitats or the moving

channels of wildlifes.

(1) Areas which are seriously destroyed by ice disaster, of

geo-ecological importance, fragile in ecological conditions or have

severe ecological problems should be selected for project

afforestation. Areas with valuable natural habitats, natural and

cultural heritages can never be selected. The forbidden areas for

new plantation establishment and existing plantation improvement

include areas less than 2000 m from the buffer zones of nature or

cultural heritages, less than 50 m from the main river banks and 20

m from the subsidiary river banks.

(2) The area with slope over 35° can not be selected for project

afforestation. And the quality of selected project sites should be

mainly category Ⅱ and category Ⅲ.

(3) Zoning sub-compartment in a reasonable way, and strictly

control the scale of afforestation. Areas of each sub-compartment

of the reforestation and rehabilitation of damaged ecological forest

should not exceed 20 and 35 hectares respectively.

Provincial

and county

level

forestry

survey and

design units

PPMO, ,

County

Project

Management

Office

(CPMO)

Design stage

Species

(varitey)

selection

and

distribution

1. The improper selection of

the tree species will cause

the decrease of the

ecological adaptability and

stability of forest plantation.

2. Large scale of pure forest

plantation may exacerbate

(1) Good native tree species should be selected as the main

afforestation species in the project. The size of contiguous

plantation of single species or variety should be strictly controlled.

In the mixed afforestation models, the number of dominant tree

species can not exceed 70% of the total tree numbers.

(3) Introduction of tree species or varieties should be strictly

controlled. The tree species or varieties that have been successfully

Provincial

and county

level

forestry

survey and

PPMO,

CPMO

app:ds:successfully


43

the risk of the occurrence of

pests/diseases.

afforested by experiment can be introduced; the new exotic species

or invasive species are forbidden to introduce.

(3) In the aspect of allocation of tree species, it is advocated to

establish mixed forest with multiple tree species, which should mix

with the existing forests and natural vegetation.

(4) Proper site selection and scientific allocation of tree species

should be considered during the project design, such as

combination of tree species, provenance, gene types and tree ages.

The strong seedlings cultivated from superior provenance, families

or clones of native tree species are selected for afforestation to

strengthen the pests and diseases resistance capacity and to reduce

risks of pests/diseases occurrence..

(5) In designing and arranging forest plantations, it is suggest that

make full use of wildlife corridor, retain native tree species, using

the rivers protection corridor, allocate tree species in different

ages, adopt the associated tree species methods mimic the local

natural forest landscape pattern, promote the protection, recovery

and maintenance of natural plant communities.

design units

Construction

and operation

stages

Site slashing

Improper method of site

slashing may cause water

and soil loss and damage of

natural vegetable in fragile

regions.

(1) Mountain burning is forbidden for the site slashing.

(2) Bushes or grasses that hinder the afforestation activities should

be removed in patch or strip forms. Removed bushes or grasses

should be piled between such strips or planting holes for natural

decomposition.

(3) Retain the original vegetation.

(4) Protection zone of sufficient size should be divided on both

sides of stream.

Project

entities and

project

farmers

PPMO,

CPMO

Construction

and operation

stages

Soil

preparation

Improper way of site

preparation may cause soil

erosion in some areas.

(1) Hole, strip or overall types are selected at the time of site

preparation, which should be based on the slopes conditions. The

ground breaking area should be controlled below 25%.

(2) Vegetation protection belt of l0 m wide should be retained

between the edges of the forest plantation block and the farmland.

(3) After the site preparation, the litter materials will be mulched

on land surface to avoid raw soil exposure.

(4) When digging hole on rocky mountain with slope over 25°, the

Project

entities and

project

farmers

PPMO,

CPMO


44

ecological barriers should be built to avoid rolling rock to protect

people and farmland.

Construction

and operation

stages

Young forest

tending

Tending management

activities may cause negative

environmental impacts on

project areas and nearby

regions by destroy of

vegetation, disturb of surface

soil, cause of new soil

erosion as well as water and

soil loss, etc.

(1) Partial treatment is adopted for young forest tending to keep as

far as possible the site natural vegetation. The weed removed

thereby will be kept in-site as mulches.

(2) Litter collection is forbidden in forest. Project

entities and

project

farmers

PPMO,

CPMO

Construction

and operation

stages

Forest path

construction

There will be partial

excavation in the project

construction. Large scale of

excavation will cause water

and soil loss in some areas.

(1) The forest paths should be constructed with a maximum use of

existing paths..

(2) The forest paths should be constructed along contour line as

much as possible.

(3) The forest paths should be built with a width between 0.8m～1m and an average density between 30~80m/hm

2. Large scale of

ground digging should be prohibited.

Project

entities and

project

farmers

PPMO,

CPMO

Construction

and operation

stages

Application

of pesticide

and

chemical

fertilizer

(1) In the procedures of

nursery stock breeding and

forest pest control, the

application of pesticides will

be increased. Unreasonable

use of pesticides may kill

natural enemies of pests and

harm other wild animals,

hence to cause bio-diversity

reduction and species

imbalance.

(2) Improper application of

pesticides or fertilizars may

cause the pollution on water

and soil nearby.

(3) Long-term application of

1. It is advocate to reduce the use of chemical pesticides by

prevention and biological control methods.

2. Use the pesticides of Grade Ⅲ and U of WHO.

3. Take the scientific and reasonable fertilizing method. The

fertilizer should be applied at the upper part of the holes, and the

broadcast fertilizer addressing is strictly forbidden.

4. Containers of pesticides or fertilizers should be unified collected

and handled. Clean containers of pesticide in water sources, water

body of aquaculture or watering place of livestock is forbidden.

5. Conducting training on project farmers or workers in safe use of

pesticides and fertilizers.

CPMO,

project

entities and

project

farmers

PPMO,

CPMO

app:ds:fertilizing

app:ds:method


45

fertilizers will change the

physical and chemical

properties of soil, lead soil

harden, and decline soil

fertility.

(4) Improper way to clean or

handle the pesticide

containers may pollute water

body and soil.

Construction

and operation

stages

Felling and

Yarding

(1) Improper felling will

cause harm to rest standing

trees and understory

vegetation, resulting in the

loss of soil nutrients

(2) Large-scale of

clear-cutting may lead

decline of overall function of

forest ecosystem.

(3) Improper methods of

yarding may destroy the

surrounding trees and natural

water system.

(4) Skidding road and

loading factory will cause

serious water and soil

erosion.

(1) Prohibit clear-cutting; Felling is allowed under the project only

for purposes of tending and regeneration. The understory

vegetation should be protected when felling

(2) When felling in bamboo forest, using selection cutting with

maintaining a reasonable number of bamboo and forest age

configuration.

(3) Existing trails should be used for yarding. Forest earth road

with width less than 1m could be built if necessary.

(4) Yarding should strive to use log-length logging rather than

tree-length logging.

Certified

felling

institutions

PPMO,

CPMO


46

Construction

and operation

stages

Construction

of nursery

(1) The construction will

change the status of the

original land, and affect the

local vegetation and

biodiversity at a certain

extent.

(2) Dust, waste water and

noise would affect the status

of the local ecological

environment; improper

construction methods and

environmental protection

measures, such as large scale

of excavation, would easily

cause new soil erosion and

bring negative impacts on

the local ecological

environment;

(3) Improper treatment of

laboratory wastewater would

cause pollution of water

bodies;

(4) Acequia construction

may affect the productive

life of local residents.

(1) The scale and type of construction should be under control

strictly to minimize the impact on the local vegetation and

biodiversity.

(2) Strengthen the management of construction and supervision of

environmental protection to reduce negative impacts on

environment caused by wastes.

Ⅰ.Dust pollution

① Tiny solid materials stacked on the ground in job sites should be

sealed kept or covered, According to the nature of materials,

measures like watering should be taken to suppress dust

effectively.

② Removal and transportation of construction waste should be

carried out in closed container. Construction waste should be

stored respectively in accordance with the provisions of municipal

waste classification, and removed in time.

③ The vehicle used in transportation should be covered with

tarpaulins.

④ Measures such as building fence or watering should be used to

suppress dust at the construction site.

⑤ Earthwork should be centralized kept with cover and vehicles

should not be over-loaded.

⑥ Entrances and exits of construction site should take measures to

ensure the vehicles keeping clean. Soil attached in the surface of

vehicles should be moved off before exiting construction site.

⑦ Construction sites should be watering and keep clean timely.

⑧ Any burning of wastes is prohibited.

Certified

Units

PPMO,

CPMO


47

Ⅱ.Noise

In different stages of the construction, various noise sources should

cause different impacts on the quality of acoustic environment.

Measures should be taken appropriately to reduce the impacts to a

minimum level.

① The advanced and reliable low-noise equipment should be

selected.

② Construction time should be set from 8:00 am to 20:00 pm. In

the lunch break period, i.e. 12:00 ~ 14:00, construction activities

should be prohibited. In principle, construction at night is

forbidden, the necessary night construction should be certified by

the administrative departments of construction, approved by the

administrative department of environmental protection, and

announced to residents.

③ For noisy machinery and equipment, damping basis or damping

bearings should be set or be surrounded by damping material.

④ Reasonable personnel arrangements should be taken, operating

time of the noisy machinery operators should be reduced and

earmuffs should be equipped to construction workers.

⑤ Regular and effective maintenance should be taken to keep

equipments in good condition for the purpose of reducing noise

and extending the service life of machine.

⑥ Managements of machinery and operator and operating

procedures in construction should be paid enough attention to.

Ⅲ.Waste Water

① Waste water of vehicle washing, building materials washing,


48

concrete maintenance, sand washing, etc. should be collected into

tanks and suspended in temporary sedimentation pond and reused.

② Through strictly construction management to reduce the waste

water resulted from improper use of machines, and temporary

drainage system, as well as water and soil conservation measures

to prevent the negative impacts of soil erosion caused by piling up

spoil on the water environment.

③ Construction unit should take measures on treatment of

wastewater.

④ Laboratory wastewater should be treated through the sector with

professional design to the standard level before discharging to the

receiving water body.

⑤ Stuff should be trained on environmental protection and waste

treatment knowledge to enhance their environmental protection

awareness and ensure the correct treatment of wastes..

Ⅳ.Solid waste

In accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, solid

wastes, like construction waste, spoil (slag) and garbage should be

properly collected and treated.

① Construction waste should be recycled and reused

comprehensively in other secondary construction like road

construction. The surplus should be centralized and treated in time.

② Transportation of construction waste should be carried out in

closed container and treated in time.

③ Water spraying should be done before shipments of construction

waste


49

④ Garbage should be collected in trash bag and sent to waste

disposal facilities

⑤ Toxic and hazardous substances should be treated in accordance

with the provisions of laws, burning of these substances is

forbidden.

⑥ Irrigation canals should designed reasonably and reduce effects

on local residents.

Construction

and operation

stages

Fire

(1) Construct fire break belt and forest path strictly according to

the regulations. The chief fire break belt is required with a length

of 20m, and the associate fire break belt of 15m. Schima and

bayberry can be selected as firebreak tree species with planting

space of 2x2m.

(2) Efficiently protect forest and control fires by making full use of

the existing forest fire prevention agencies, strengthening the

publicity, and realizing the forest fire prevention mechanism.

(3) Each afforestation entity must work out the forest protection

and fire prevention plan as well as the regulation on forest fire

prevention for local villages, and define fire prevention responsible

area. The enough forest rangers should be arranged to match each

afforestation area, and work regarding fire prevention should be

reported to the PMO and forest fire prevention organizations in

time.

County

forestry

bureau,

township

forestry

station,

village

committee,

project

entities and

project

farmers

PPMO,

CPMO

Construction

and operation

stages

Frost damage

Mainly through selection of afforestation species or varieties with

strong resistance of cold. If necessary, using the trunk painted

white, fumigation and other methods to prevent or mitigate the

harm caused by cold temperatures.

Provincial

and county

level

forestry

survey and

design

units,

PPMO,

CPMO


50

project

entities and

project

farmers

Construction

and operation

stages

Drought

Minimizing the risk of drought by selection of drought-resistant

species and extension of drought resistant cultivation techniques in

the project afforestation..

Provincial

and county

level

forestry

survey and

design

units,

project

entities and

project

farmers

PPMO,

CPMO

Construction

and operation

stages

Plant diseases and insect

pests

Realizing the efficiently prevention and control of forest

pests/diseases by applying the advanced concept and methods of

IPM in guiding project pests/diseases prevention, making use of

sound pests/diseases monitoring network at national and local

level, extending physical and biological control measures, strictly

using high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides for chemical

control, etc.

Provincial

and county

level

FPCQS,

project

entities and

project

farmers

PPMO,

CPMO

6. Public Participatory Mechanism and Public Consultation Results

According to requirements of relevant EIA laws and regulations of the World Bank

and PRC, a specific chapter of public participation is made in EIA to ensure the public

right of knowing and decision-making, to find out the public opinions and suggestions

of project implementation, and to strengthen the degree of public participatory in

project construction, so that the project designers can take full account of the views of

the public in the project decision-making stage so as to make a more perfect and

reasonable project design. Meanwhile, take consideration of public opinions in

environmental decision-making of project construction is beneficial to improve the

quality of EIA, and ensure the transparency and credibility of evaluation and decision.

6.1 Public consultation by EIA team and its results

6.1.1 Methods and scope of survey

6.1.1.1 Methods

Methods of public participatory approach, including posters, advertisement, meeting

of villagers, group or individual interviews, consultation seminars and questionnaire

tables have been applied in the survey, meanwhile some farmer households have been

visited to get an in-depth understanding with the status of their forest land, use of

pesticides and fertilizers, status of living condition, as well as their attitude and

understanding of the project. The public participatory survey was helped by the social

assessment team, who conducted in-depth social survey on the project social impacts.

6.1.1.2 Time of survey

The public participatory survey was started from Aug 13th

, 2011 and completed on

Nov. 10th

, 2011.

6.1.1.3 Scope of survey

(1) Questionnaire survey on farmer households and institutions

The survey covered 22 project counties (cities, districts). 5 project counties, i.e.

Leiyang, Zixing, Rucheng, Mayang and Taoyuan were selected as example counties

for detailed survey to visit the local farmers and have consultation with them. The

Participation questionnaire tables were provided to the target people of various levels

in project areas. Totally 500 copies of questionnaires were provided and received from

the target people, including cadres, technicians, and farmers.


52

The survey was also conducted on relevant institutions, 5 representative institutions

were selected to provide questionnaire tables in each of the 22 project counties, and

totally 110 copies of questionnaires were provided and received.

(2) Consultation with expert

Experts from Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Central

South University of Forestry and Technology, and Central South University were

hired to form an advisory panel to EIA, who had provided consulting service during

the EMP preparation.

6.1.1.4 Publicity of EIA information

In the project EIA, the construction units made the public know about the EIA

information, which mainly include:

a. Name and components of project;

b. Name and contact information of project construction unit;

c. Name and contact information of EIA agency;

d. Procedures and the main scope of work of EIA;

e. The main issues for public comment;

f. The main way for the public to submit their comments and suggestions.

After the preparation of EIA report, EIA agency will make public of the relevant

information, which include the basic situation of the proposed project, potential

environmental impacts, prevention or mitigation measures of environmental impact,

and preliminary conclusions of environmental impact analysis, and request the public

to give commons and suggestions in writing or other forms.

6.1.2 Public consultation results

6.1.2.1 Results from Questionnaire survey

The survey result of public participation showed that, all target group in the project

areas support the project construction, who believe that the project construction will

promote the development of regional economy and improve the local ecological

environment.

6.1.2.2 Expert comments

An expert consultation meeting was held during the survey. The main comments of

expert were selected and shown as follows:


53

(1) The project construction should be incorporated into the forestry development plan

in Hunan. Making use of loan of World Bank for afforestation has positive effect to

ecological construction in Hunan, and it is necessary to strengthen environmental

management to reduce the negative impacts on environmental to a minimum level.

(2) The project afforestation should focus on the combination of multiple tree species

and forest functions, pay attention to biodiversity protection, give full play to the

ecological protective effect.

(3) Making the clear definition of the project areas and the natural ecological

protection areas, any project construction is forbidden in the natural protection areas.

(4) The project activities should avoid the destruction of the surface vegetation,

decline of biodiversity, pollution of fertilizer and pesticide as well as water and soil

loss, so that feasible and practical environmental protection measures should be put

forward to reduce the negative environmental impacts cause by project construction to

a minimum level.

(5) Decreasing the density afforestation, and promoting forest vegetation recovery and

growth.

6.1.3 Public suggestions

The public participants in the survey also put forward the following suggestions (see

table 6-1).

Table 6-1 Public suggestions

About environmental protection measures About the project construction

(1) Managing forest according to law, strengthening the

forest protection and management, solving problems

immediately whenever them came out

(2) Strengthening the popularization of environmental

protection concepts and measures

(3) Using limited pesticides of toxin, and extending

environmental friendly fertilizers.

(1) Strengthening management, and

rensuing the funds available on time

(2) Strengthening the technical training

for farmers and supporting economic

development of villagers.

(3) Paying reasonable attention to all

aspects related to the project

6.1.4 Conclusions of public consultation in EIA

The above findings indicate that the public shows a significant interest in the Project,

and willing to participate in the project construction. Every interviewer supports the

project construction with acknowledge of the project is necessary for it is beneficial to

regional ecological environment improvement, optimization of forest quality, increase


54

of forest resistance, improvement of forest water conservation capacity, promotion of

the regional economic development and increase of farmers' income. Residents in

project areas hope to get technical support, training, and employment opportunities;

they also hope the support dynamics can be strengthen by enlarging the planting area,

increasing loan limits, providing advance payments, and increasing the counterpart

funds. Most interviewers hope the project will be carried out as soon as possible.

According to public consultant information, project proposed corresponding measures

to address the needs, which have been included in the project design.

6.1.4.1 Corresponding measures to expert comments.

（1）The project has been included into “12th

five year” development plan of Hunan

forestry as a very important project.

（2）The project selected at least 41 tree species, especially emphasis on high quality

indigenous species, strictly controlling of planting same species in large proportion

and in concentrated large scale, added some economic tree species in proper way.

（3）As one of the project site selection criteria is that the project would be out of, as

well as not nearby natural and cultural heritage protection zone. Base on the review on

site selection process, all the sites have been selected according to this criteria.

（4）Project emphasize on environmental protection measures, the relevant measures

to prevent or mitigate any damage of native vegetation, biodiversity during process of

site preparation and fertilization as well as avoid the pollution of pesticide and

chemical fertilizer, and avoid soil and water loss have been included in the

Environmental Protect Guidelines and technical design.

（5）In order to promote natural regeneration, the planting density has been reduced

from original 166 plants/mu in conifer forest and 133 plants/mu in broadleaf forest to

111 plants/mu and 74 plants/mu respectively to promote the undergrowth.

6.1.4.2 Corresponding measures to public comments

（1）On environmental protection measures. Project encourage and promote the III or

U class pesticide specified by WHO while applying chemical pesticide, only aim at

specific injurious insect, harmful less to non-target organisms. It is prohibited to use I

class pesticide specified by WHO; establish/enhance forest protection and fire

prevention institutional arrangements, to strength the capacity of forest fire prevention


55

team, as well as incorporating the fire prevention measures to the reforestation

technical design

（2）On project implementation. Project has arranged adequate counterpart fund and

request it to be allocated on a timely basis; training programs and technical services

have been designed. The training to forest farmers and other beneficiaries on

forestation technique and forest management reaches 26,400 person/day, on-site

planting field training reaches 58,860 person/day.

Details measures to address the potential environmental negative impacts have been

elaborated in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2.

6.2 Public consultation by social assessment team and its results (see details in the

Social Assessment Report)

6.2.1 Methods and scope of survey

The social assessment team went to 10 project counties in Changsha, Huaihua,

Xiangxi autonomous prefecture, Yongzhou, Chenzhou, Yueyang, etc to conduct the

field survey for social assessment on HFRDP from July 25 to August 30, 2011.

Meanwhile, the SA team also collected the second-hand baseline data from 22 project

counties (city, district). The participatory method was used in the process of social

assessment Information was collected by means of information publicity and public

consultation, etc. The SA team adopted a participatory impact assessment

methodology and tools including village meeting, semi-structured interviews,

stakeholders' interviews, village resources research, resource mapping, participatory

scoring and ranking, matrix analysis of project’s impact, etc. to ensure that different

interest groups and different types of farmers could actively participate in project

consultations on tasks and impacts. In the project areas, the propaganda was carried

out by means of leaflets, public announcements, meetings at all levels, etc. to the

relevant governmental agencies, villages and farmers to let more people know the

purpose, aim, components and operation procedures of the project, so as to ensure the

smooth implementation of the project.

Suggestions regarding project construction provided by project farmers and

communities in the public consultation of the social assessment report were fully

considered and adopted in the project design, so that the worries of project farmer


56

could be eliminated by the reasonable design of the project. For example, species of

economic trees were increased in the afforestation model design in order to decrease

the economic loss of project farmers in the early time of project. And the support

dynamics of training to forest farmers and technology training is also enhanced.

In a word, the suggestions of the public have been fully taken into consideration in the

project design. So that the significant increase of ecology, society and economy

benefits result from the project can be ensured.

6.2.2 Public consultation results

SA team believes that the social effects of the HFRDP are mainly reflected in:

(1) The project will have a great impact on improvements of regional ecological

conditions in the drainage areas of Xiangjiang River and Yuanshui River. (2) The

project will drive regional economic development. (3) The project will also promote

institutional capacity building of forestry management institutes. (4) The project will

promote the development of the minority communities. (5) The project will improve

the living environment and quality of rural poor population.

By means of field survey and second-hand data, the SA Team considered the

following potential social risks for the project.

(1) Discrepancy between the ecological target of the project and the economic pursuits

of farmers. 2) Discrepancy between project objectives and the lifestyle of local

residents. (3) The social advantaged groups might be marginalized. (4) Unsuitable tree

species might be selected. (5) The post-project management.

Regarding the social risks discussed above, SA team proposed some recommendations

as below:

(1) To enhance trainings relative to project implementation. (2) To strengthen the

cooperation among different line agencies. (3) To increase the project investment. (4)

To develop under-forest cultivation and livestock breeding. (5) To plant some trees

with both economic and ecological values. (6) To formulate and implement

preferential policies for vulnerable groups. (7) To fully consider the development of

poor ethnic minorities. (8) To construct post-project management system.

6.3 Participatory consultation and planning and its results (see details in the

Participatory Consultation and Planning Summary Report)


57

The participatory consultation and planning activities were conducted according to the

project “Manual for Consultation and Participatory Planning” (hereafter as Manual) in

the project design stage. According to the requirement of the Manual, scope of the

public consultation was determined, which contains 1147 administrative villages of

230 townships of 22 counties of 10 project prefectures.

The public consultation was hold by way of organizing consultation teams,

conducting training at all levels, mobilizing the public, consulting extensively with

related persons, inviting farmers to apply for project and encouraging women to

participate in the project. Forestry technicians from 230 townships or forest farms of

22 project counties input for more than 2500 person-times to offer guidance of

participatory consultation. Over 1,535 times of villager meetings of project villages

were convened. Besides, over 81,000 leaflets, over 2,020 banners and 18,700 posters

were used for promote the public consultation. As a result, more than 42,000 persons

of 23,200 farmer households attended the consultation meetings. Based on the

comprehensive mobilization and participatory consultation, as well as the respection

of the willing of project participated entities, the Agreements for Project Participation

were signed by the project forestry communities, farmer households and village

committee members to make clear of the rights and obligations of both parties, as well

as ensure the smooth and orderly operation of project.

The consultation teams of the county and township levels have summarized and sum

up the results about the participatory consultations: the consultation teams of project

counties has received totally 8,922 voluntary application forms which involves 18,613

farmer households, including: (1) 39 village collective applicants, which involve

12,531 farmer households; (2) 204 forest cooperatives submitted the applications,

which involve 4,085 farmers households; (3) 8,219 households that directly

participated in the project management; (4) 29 state-owned forest farms or forest

research institutes that applied, which involve 1,624 households for management

townships and villages. According to the applications that submitted by farmer

households (or collective organizations), the county consultation team went to the

field to verify the land with technicians of local forest stations. When the forest land

did not accord with the project requirements, it would be eliminated or re-selected by


58

communicating and exchanging with concerned applicants. After the verification of

project land, letters of intention would be signed with the applicants. In total, 8,854

letters of intention were signed, in which 39 of them were village collectives’; 204 of

them are forestry cooperatives’; 8151 of them were households’/partnerships’; 29 of

them were state-owned parts. Through consultation and verification by county and

township consultation teams, the project land area is in total 58,860 hectares,

including 9,921 hectares of state-owned land, 8,844 hectares of village collective land,

13,074.6 hectares of land from forest cooperative, and 27,020.4 hectares of land from

farmer households/united households.

The Final EMP, including EPG and PMP, as well as SA report, EMDP and

Participtoring Planning Manual have been publicized on

http://www.hnforestry.gov.cn, Hunan Provincial PMO, 22 project county PMOs and

county labtories on April 20th

, 2012.

http://www.hnforestry.gov.cn/

7. Environmental Management Scheme and Technical Measures

7.1 Development and execution of EPG

In order to apply the mitigation measures of negative environmental impacts and risk

prevention measures indicated in Chapter 5 in the process of project design,

construction and maintenance of project forests, enhance the ecological environment

benefits during the project implementation, and minimize or eliminate the potential

negative impacts on natural environment caused by project activities, a detailed EPG

regarding main links of project implementation, including the sites selection for

reforestation or rehabilitation, tree species (variety) selection and distribution, site

slashing/preparation, forest tending management, pests/diseases control, fire

management, timber felling/yarding, forest path construction, etc. is prepared and will

be executed in the project design and construction, so as to ensure the overall

achievement of expected ecological and environmental benefits of the project.

Refer to Annex 1 of “Environmental Protection Guidelines”

7.2 Development and execution of PMP

In order to make the full execution of mitigation measures of chemical pesticide

pollution and risk prevention measures of pests/diseases put forward in Chapter 5, the

PMP has been developed for HFRDP according to the national policy of “prevention

first, scientific control, treatment by law and health promotion" and related

requirement of World Bank. The PMP makes detailed stipulations regarding existing

laws and regulations on pests management in China, pests management capacity of

Hunan province, present situation of pest occurrence and control in the project areas,

principle and objective of prevention and control, monitoring and forecasting, types of

pests/diseases of major tree species and the control measures, safety pesticide

recommended and use methods, implementation organization and management of pest

control, as well as training of the technical and management staff at all levels and

project beneficiaries. The PMP by execution of the definite stipulations in project

implementation will promote the application of physical and biological methods of

prevention and control, decrease the reliance of chemical methods, for ecological

chemical pesticide management and avoiding of environmental pollution.


60

Refer to Annex 2 of “Pest Management Plan”

7.3 Reporting procedure in case cultural relics were found

In accordance with the “Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of

China" (2007,12,29), the construction units would be paused and reported to the local

Bureau of Cultural Relics in the case of founding of suspected cultural relics. And

construction would be restarted with the consent of the Bureau of Cultural Relics.

Cultural relics reporting procedures are shown in Figure 7-1.

Figure 7-1 Reporting procedures of cultural relics

According to Figure 7-1, in case the suspected cultural relics are found during the

project construction operation, the following actions should be taken strictly:

founding of suspected cultural relics

CPMO Pause of construction and

mantaining of the spot

County Bureau of Cultural

Relics

PPMO

Report to the county Bureau of

Cultural Relics and CPMO

Identifying and judgement in

24 hours

in situ conservation Provincical Bureau

of Cultural Relics CPMO

Relics

Judgement of degree

of relics

Relics

Non-relics

State Cultural Relics

Administration Dicision of

protection treatment

Rescue excavation

Admitted as cultural

relics area.

Demonstration of

area-reselecting

Rescue excavation

Admitted as cultural

relics area.

Demonstration of

area-reselecting

Reply and judgement

in 15 days Restart

with

consent

Restart with

consent

Province or national degree relics

County degree relics

Notice

Report to

CPMO


61

⑴ Construction should be paused and the spot should be maintained the status quo.

⑵ Construction unit should report to the CPMO.

⑶ CPMO should report to the local Bureau of Cultural Relics and PPMO.

⑷ County Bureau of Cultural Relic should send professional team to identify and

judge whether they are cultural relics. In case of non-relics, construction could restart.

In the opposite case, it should be reported to the Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relic .

⑸ Degree of the relics should be judged by the Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relic.

High degree relics should be reported to the State Cultural Relics Administration.

After the appropriate protection treatment and with consent of the State Cultural

Relics Administration, construction could be restarted.

7.4 Consistency analysis with World Bank forestry policy (OP 4.36)

This project is the ecological reforestation and forest rehabilitation projects. Project

sites are selected in the ecological plantation. The project afforestation will use

multiple tree species instead of single tree species used in previous projects to

increase the biodiversity of forest in project areas. All afforestation tree species should

be mainly selected from the native tree species and avoid new exotic species and

invasive species. Afforestation and forest management activities are allowed under the

project only for purposes of increasing ecologic benefits of forest and felling for

commercial purpose is forbidden. This project will be conducted in a wide area, and

afforestation and management activities will be mainly depended on communities and

farmer households. By consultation with communities and project farmers, this

project could assure that communities and farmers participate voluntarily in

afforestation and forest management. In conclusion, this project would be in

compliance with the forestry policies of the World Bank (OP.4.36).


62

8 Environmental Management Agencies and Supervision Mechanism

8.1 Environmental management agencies and responsibilities

The EMP willl be implemented as an important part of the Project. Under the

guidance of the World Bank experts, PPMO and CPMOs should designate persons to

be responsible for the project's environmental management work. Under the

leadership of PPMO, experts in the fields of forestry, ecological, environmental

protection, pest control are hired to form a “project environmental management expert

support group”, to offer technical supporting service for environmental management

training and the environmental monitoring work of the project.

PPMO will prepare the EPG and PMP for the project, as well as give guidance and

training to CMPOs for their serious execution in the project implementation. Each

CPMO, in course of the project participatory design, will propagate and publicize the

measures and environmental management requirements of the project. And in the

contracts with the project entities or households, there will be clear terms regarding

strict conduction of EPG. Each CPMO will organize project entities and households

representative for training and on-site consultancy, to let them gave practical grip of

the related technical knowledge such as the measures of environmental protection,

plant pests/diseases prevention and control, so as to materialize the project

environmental management into implementation operations. The relationship of

project environmental management agencies is shown in Figure 8-1:

Figure 8-1 Relationship of environmental management agencies

World Bank experts and

Project Lead group

PPMO Project environmental

management expert support group

CPMO

Project entities and Farmer

Township forestry

station, forest farms

Operational design unit


63

8.2 Supervision and inspection mechanism

Project environmental management inspection and supervision work will go through

the following mechanisms:

(1) The internal supervision and inspection

PPMO is responsible for inspection and supervision of environmental management in

each project county. Through on-site inspection as well as review of project design

and project implementation progress report, to monitor and evaluate the

environmental management quality and outcomes of each project county, thus to

identify and help to solve the difficulties and problems existed in project

implementation.

Each CPMO will take whether the project entities or the farmers strict executed

mesures of EPG and PMP in project implementation as one part of a project

implementation quality checking index, and incorporated it into the county and

township (forest farm) levels of project quality inspection and acceptance system. At

the same time, the CPMO will in every half-year and annual project progress report,

special report on the environmental management work. CPMO will summarize the

environmental monitoring results and report to the PPMO in every monitoring year. In

addition, CPMO should also frequently visit and supervise the project construction

site to help the project entities and farmers to resolve the problems and difficulties

arise in project construction and operation.

(2) The external supervision and inspection

Based on the management needs, the World Bank experts and provincial

Environmental Protection Department will carry out supervision and inspections on

the project preparation work and design documents, management and technical

regulations, as well as project progress reports at any time. These departments also

will carry out examination and assessment of project environmental management

work for identifying the problems and providing suggestions for improvement.

Environmental Protection Bureau of each project county will inspect and supervise

the project preparation work, design documents, management and technical

regulations and project progress report at any time according to need, at the same

time. They also will conduct on-site inspection and supervision to identify problems


64

and provide suggestions for improvement in the project implementation. Project

supervision organization relationship diagram is shown in Figure 8-2:

Figure 8-2 Relationship of environmental management

supervision and inspection agencies

PPMO

CPMO

Project entities

and Farmers

World Bank experts and

relevant divisions of the

provincial environmental

protection department

Intern

al pro

ject sup

ervisio

n an

d

insp

ection

Ex

ternal p

roject su

perv

ision

and

insp

ection

Relevant divisions of

county environmental

protection bureau


65

9. Environmental Monitoring Plan

9.1 Monitoring contents and indicators

Aiming at the reforestation and rehabilitation of damaged forest land, monitoring

activities will be carried out to find out the effects of project afforestation in soil and

water conservation, increase of plant diversity and vegetation coverage, the dynamic

change of the pests/diseases occurrence and damage degree, as well as the absorption

of heavy metal in plants. Monitoring content and indicators are as follows:

(1) Monitoring of soil erosion and water conservation

Soil erosion

Surface runoff

(2) Monitoring of occurrence and damage degree of pests/diseases

The species of pests insects and diseases

Occurrence and damage degree

(3) Monitoring of vegetation coverage and plant diversity

The species, number and canopy density of arbor

The species and coverage of shrub

The species and coverage of herbs

(4) Monitoring of heavy metal absorption in plants

To monitor the heavy metal content in soil and plant leaf for reflecting the

improvement project region environment quality the situation.

9.2 Types and distribution of monitoring sites

The environmental monitoring sites should be set up on different afforestation

technical models of project forests in the respective project sites.

For soil erosion and water conservation monitoring, the monitoring sties will be

selected in Zixing city and Leiyang city at M1 and M4. For pests/diseases monitoring

as well as plant diversity monitoring, 1 monitoring site of each of the 8 Afforestation

technical models will be set up in 8 representative counties with one in each. For the

monitoring of heavy metal absorption in plants, 1 monitoring site will be set up in

Ningxiang county at M1. It is required to set up fixed monitoring sites in the

representative areas to carry out the positioning monitoring on the above-mentioned

environmental indicators.

Types and distributions of specific monitoring sites are shown in table 9-1, table 9-2, table 9-3 and table 9-4.

Table 9-1 Types and distributions of soil erosion and water conservation monitoring sites

Monitoring

indicators Technical model Monitoring frequency Project County

Number of

Monitoring sites Executing Agency Supervision agency

Soil erosion and

surface runoff

M1 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Zixing 1

Certificated

institutes

PPMO

CPMO

M4 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Leiyang 1

M1 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Luxi 1

M2 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Xinshao 1

Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood; M2: conifers + precious hardwood; M4: general hardwood tree fostering

Table 9-2 Types and distributions of occurrence and damage degree of pests/diseases monitoring sites

Project County Technical

model Monitoring indicators

Number of

Monitoring sites

Monitoring

Frequency (times/year)

Executing

Agency

Supervision

agency

Pingjiang M1 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2

Certificated

institutes

and county

FPCQS

PPMO

CPMO

Zixing M2 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3

Mayang M3 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2

Changning M4 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3

Guiyang M5 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3

Yuanling M6 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2

Ningxiang M7 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2

Leiyang M8 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3

Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood; M2: conifers + precious hardwood; M3: precious tree fostering; M4: general hardwood tree fostering;

M5: conifers + general hardwood mingled forest; M6: conifers + precious mingled forest;

M7: bamboo + hardwood mingled forest; M8: promoting natural regeneration artificially


67

Table9-3 Types and distributions of vegetation coverage and plant diversity monitoring sites

Monitoring

contents

Technical

model Monitoring frequency Project County

Number of

Monitoring sites Executio Agency

Supervision

agency

Vegetation

coverage and

plant diversity

M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Pingjiang 1

Certificated

institutes

PPMO

CPMO

M2 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Zixing 1

M3 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Mayang 1

M4 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Changning 1

M5 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Guiyang 1

M6 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Dingcheng 1

M7 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Ningxiang 1

M8 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Leiyang 1




Table 9-4 Type and distribution of monitoring site of heavy metal absorption in plants

Monitoring

Indicators

Technical


Number of

Monitoring sites Executing Agency

Supervision

agency

The heavy metal

content in plant M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Ningxiang 1

Certificated

institutes

PPMO

CPMO

Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood;

9.3 Monitoring methods

According to the requirements of environmental monitoring aspects, the soil erosion

and water conservation monitoring will be conducted in the 1st, 3

rd, and 5

th year; the

pests/diseases monitoring will be conducted 2-3 times in each year; and the

monitoring of vegetation coverage and plant diversity will be conducted once a year

in the 1st, 3

rd, and 5

th year.

(1) Method of soil erosion and water conservation monitoring

In each of the soil erosion and water conservation monitoring sites, 3 runoff plots

(runoff field) will be established in the selected area with leveling slope and

representative site condition. Among them, 2 runoff plots are set up in the project

forest, which used as the repeated plots; another 1 runoff plots is set up in the

non-project site, which used as the control plot. The structure of each plot, including

the boundary wall, water catchments channel, water stream channel, water collection

tank, drainage ditch built in the margin of the runoff plot, and the protective belt

arranged on both sides of the runoff areas, is designed and constructed according to

the unified standards. Monitoring contents include the rainfall, duration of rainfall,

rainfall intensity, amount of surface runoff and soil loss, etc. The monitoring should

be conducted after raining in the monitoring year.

(2) pests/diseases monitoring method

The fixed monitoring plots will be set up in the project reforestation and rehabilitation

forests. Totally 20-30 trees will be selected and marked as the standard trees.. The

monitoring on pests/diseases occurrence and damage degree will be conducted on the

standard trees for 2~3 times in the pests high-risk seasons each year. Meanwhile, the

measures and frequency of pest control will also be recorded.

(3) Monitoring methods of vegetation coverage and plant diversity

In the representative areas and stands, three fixed monitoring sample plots are set up

at the upper, middle and down part of the slope in project forests and non-project sites

nearby respectively, with area of 30×30 m2

each. The following measurement should

be conducted on the arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant in the sample plots in July or

August in the monitoring year.

1) For arbors: name of species, number of trees ≥1m and ＜1m, and canopy density


69

of trees will be measured for all tress in the fixed sample plots.

2) For shrubs: 5 sample plots with area of 5×5 m2 each in the four corners and centre

of fixed sample plots for the measurement of the species and coverage of shrub.

3): For herbs: 1 sample plot with area of 2×2 m2 will be set up in the corner of each of

the 5 shrub sample plots for the measurement of the species and coverage of herb

plants.

(4) Monitoring of heavy metal absorption in plants

In project forests with M1 at the site nearby urban area, the sample leaves in

same-aged-group of each native tree species and soil samples in the forests will be

collected within the continuous forest areas of 500×500 m2 in May to July. The

contents of heavy metals like lead, cadmium, copper, etc. in the sample leaves and soil

will be determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

9.4 Organization and implementation of monitoring

PPMO is responsible for organizing the implementation of the environmental

monitoring plan, hiring certificated institutions to undertake the monitoring tasks of

soil erosion and water conservation, vegetation coverage and plant diversity and

absorption of heavy metal in plant, organizing the certificated institutions, under the

assistant of county FPCQS to carry out monitoring of pests/diseases occurrence and

damage degree .

9.5 Report system

At the end of each monitoring year, each environmental monitoring unit should

seriously organize the summary, analysis and report work of monitoring results and

data, and submit the summarize and evaluation results to PPMO as one part of the

Project Implementation Progress Report in the monitoring year, which eventually

form the Overall Project Implementation Progress Report submitted to the World

Bank.

9.6 Fund budget

In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the environmental monitoring plan,

the budget for monitoring activities was made according to the monitoring tasks to be

fulfilled. According to the estimation, the total budget is RMB 4 million Yuan, which

will come from the counterpart fund of prefecture and county level.

The detailed budget for each of the monitoring contents is shown in Table 9-5, Table 9-6, Table 9-7 and Table 9-8.

Table 9-5 Budget for soil erosion and water conservation monitoring

Monitoring indicators Technical


Number of

Monitoring sites

Unit price

(￥10,000)

Total

(￥10,000)

Note

Soil erosion and

surface runoff

M1 In the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Zixing 1 16 48 The 1st Year will cost

￥300,000 for each of

the monitoring sites

M4 In the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Leiyang 1 16 48

M1 In the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Luxi 1 16 48

M2 In the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Xinshao 1 16 48

In total 4 192

Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood; M2: conifers + precious hardwood; M4: general hardwood tree fostering;

.Table9-6 Budget for pests/diseases occurrence and damage degree monitoring

Project

County

Technical

model Monitoring indicators

Number of

Monitoring sites

Monitoring

Frequency (times/year)

Unit price

(￥10,000)

Total

(￥10,000)

Pingjiang M1 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2 0.8 4.0

Zixing M2 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3 1.2 6.0

Mayang M3 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2 0.8 4.0

Changning M4 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3 1.2 6.0

Guiyang M5 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3 1.2 6.0

Yuanling M6 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2 0.8 4.0

Ningxiang M7 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2 0.8 4.0

Leiyang M8 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3 1.2 6.0

Pingjiang 16 40.0





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Table9-7 Budget for Vegetation coverage and plant diversity monitoring

Monitoring

contents Technical model Monitoring frequency

Project

County

Number of

Monitoring sites

Unit price

(￥10,000)

Total

(￥10,000)

Vegetation

coverage and

plant diversity

M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Pingjiang 1 5 15

M2 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Zixing 1 5 15

M3 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Mayang 1 5 15

M4 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Changning 1 5 15

M5 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Guiyang 1 5 15

M6 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Dingcheng 1 5 15

M7 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Ningxiang 1 5 15

M8 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Leiyang 1 5 15

In total 8 120




Table9-8 Budget for monitoring of absorption of heavy metal in plants

Monitoring Indicator Technical model Monitoring frequency Project County Number of

Monitoring sites

Unit price

(￥10,000)

Total

(￥10,000)

Content of heavy metal in plant M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Ningxiang 1 16 48

Total 48

Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood


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9.7 Summary table of annual work plan

Table9-9 Summary table of annual work plan

Unit: ￥10,000

Monitoring contents Monitoring indicators Technical

model Monitoring frequency

Project

County

Annual

budget

Total

Budget

Executing

agency

Supervision

agency

Soil erosion and

water conservation

Rainfall, duration of

rainfall, rainfall intensity;

amount of surface runoff

and soil loss.

M1 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Zixing 16 48

Certificated

institutions PPMO

M4 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Leiyang 16 48

M1 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Luxi 16 48

M2 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Xinshao 16 48

Pests/diseases

occurrence and

damage degree

Species, occurrence, and

damage degree of pest

insects and diseases

M1 2times/year pingjiang 0.8 4.0

Provincial

and county

level

FPCQS

PPMO

M2 2 times/year zixing 1.2 6.0

M3 3 times/year mayang 0.8 4.0

M4 2 times/year changning 1.2 6.0

M5 2 times/year guiyang 1.2 6.0

M6 2 times/year yuanling 0.8 4.0

M7 2 times/year ningxiang 0.8 4.0

M8 3 times/year leiyang 1.2 6.0

Vegetation coverage

and Plant

biodiversity

Species, number and

canopy density of trees,

species and coverage of

shrub and herb plants

M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year pingjiang 5 15

Certificated

institutions

PPMO

M2 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year zixing 5 15

M3 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year mayang 5 15

M4 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year changning 5 15

M5 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year guiyang 5 15

M6 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year yuanling 5 15

M7 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year ningxiang 5 15

M8 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year leiyang 5 15


73

Absorption of heavy

metal in plants

Content of some heavy

metal element in plants

and soil

M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Ningxiang 16 48 Certificated

institutions

PPMO




10. Training Plan

10.1 Training content

According to the requirement of project implementation, the training contents should

include the following aspects:

(1) World Bank safeguards policies and Chinese national/ local environmental

protection laws and regulations;

(2) Project environmental impacts, EPG and its implementation;

(3) PMP and its implementation;

(4) Identification prevention and control techniques of major pests/diseases in project

forests;

(5) Environmental Monitoring Plan and its implementation;

(6) Pesticides procurement and safe use.

10.2 Trainees and training methods

Related environmental management knowledge and skills will be trained to project

technical and management staff at all levels and project beneficiaries (especially

project household farmers), so that:

(1) Make the project technical and management staff at provincial, county and

township levels fully understand and grasp the national and local laws and

regulations, the positive and the negative environmental impacts caused by project

implementation, as well as the environmental management schemes and measures, so

they can seriously and accurately execute the EPG, PMP and “Environmental

Monitoring Plan” in the project.

(2) Let project beneficiaries, including project entities and representative farmers to

learn and master the scheme, measures and related operation techniques of EPG and

PMP, so that they can carrying out the projects construction activities in strict

accordance with the requirements of EPG and PMP.

The environmental management training of the project will be conducted at the

provincial, county and township (forest farm) levels, to ensure the achievement of the


75

expected purpose and result.

10.3 Training programme and budget

For the smooth execution of project, training to staff at all levels should be conducted.

The content, trainee, person-day and budget of training is shown in table 10-1. During

the period of project implementation, the total budget for training is RMB 1.692

million Yuan.

Table 10-1 Training programme and budget

Notes: PPMO: Provincial Project Management Office; CPMO: County Project Management Office; Cm: County Project Manager; Ct: County Technician;

Tt: Township Technician; Ft: County, township forestry technician; Fm: Farmer Representatives or Village Cadre.

Training content Trainer Trainee Number of

trainees

Training

person-times

Training

person-days

Training

year

Budget

￥10,000

A Provincial level

1. Environmental management and EPG, including World Bank

safeguards policies and Chinese national/local environmental

protection laws and regulations, positive and negative

environmental impacts; EPG, organization, implementation and

supervision of environmental management work, environmental

monitoring plan and its implementation

PPMO Cm, Ct 60 120 240 The 1

st

and 3rd

year 9.6

2. PMP and its implementation, pesticide procurement and safe use. PPMO Cm, Ct 60 120 240 The first and

third year 9.6

Subtotal 240 480 19.2

B. County level

1. EPG and main environmental protection measures conducted in

project implementation. CPMO Tt, Ft 300 300 1500 Every year 30

2. The identification, prevention, and control measures of main

forest insect pests and diseases, and safe use of pesticide CPMO Tt, Ft 300 600 3000 Each year 60

Subtotal 900 4500 90

C. Township (fores farm) level

1. EPG and main environmental protection measures conducted in

project implementation. CPMO Fm 2000 2000 10000 Every year 30

2. The identification, prevention, and control measures of main

forest insect pests and diseases, and safe use of pesticide CPMO Fm 2000 2000 10000 Every year 30

Subtotal 4000 20000 60

Total budget 169.2

11. Source of Fund and Budget

The fund for implementing EMP will not be allocated as an independent category in

the total budget for project, which will be included in the budget of the training plan,

monitoring and evaluation plan, and implementation management. According to the

scope and load of the tasks in implementation of EMP, the total budget is RMB 6.258

million Yuan, of which 1.692 million Yuan is for training, 4.00 million Yuan is for

monitoring, and 0.566 million Yuan is for management. The detailed budget is shown

in Table 9-5, 9-6, 9-7, 9-8, 10-1 and 11-1.

Table 11-1 Total budget of environmental management plan

Type Explanations of expenditure Budget

(￥10,000)

Subtotal

(￥10,000)

Training

Provincial level

training

For training on Cm, Ct. Budget is

RMB 400/ person day 19.2

169.2 County level

training

For training Tt, Ft. Budget is

RMB 200/ person day 90

Township lever

training

For training Fm. Budget is RMB

30/ person day 60

Monitoring

Soil erosion and

water

conservation

Set up 4 monitoring sites in 4

representative counties to conduct

monitoring in the 1st, 3

rd, and 5

th

year.

192.0

400.0

Pests/diseases

Set up 8 monitoring sites at 8

technical models in different

counties to conduct 2~3 times of

monitoring in every year.

40

Vegetation

coverage and plant

diversity

Set up 8 monitoring sites at 8

technical models in different

counties to conduct monitoring

once a year in the 1st, 3

rd, and 5

th

year.

120

Absorption of

heavy metal in

plants

Set up 1 monitoring site in

Ningxiang county to conduct

monitoring once a year in the 1st,

3rd

, and 5th year.

48

Management

10% of the budget of the project management fee of the

project construction units will be used for

environmental management.

56.6

Total 625.8

Documents

Environmental Management Plan - World Bankdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/... · Environmental Management Plan at Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project 7 (6) “Water