Environmental Impact Assessment of the Cement Production

International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 4, July- Aug 2021

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ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 290

Environmental Impact Assessment of the Cement Production Factories

- A Case of Three Cement Production Factories in North Shewa Zone,

Oromia Region

Assefa Tekla Bedada

Email: [email protected]

Lecture of Construction Technology and Management Department,

College of Engineering, Assosa University, Ethiopia

Corresponding Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Worldwide the cement factory is increased due to highly increasing the growth rates of the construction industry. The study climaxes the

environmental impacts of cement factories in North Shewa zone, Oromia Regional State, and the tasks that destruction the

environmentally friendly by these factories. Thus, this research was to assess the compatibility of these factories to environmentally

friendly aspects. The study emphasis on several factors for examining cement production factories environmental condition with factory

location, culture of factory staff, factory water management, factory noise management, factory solid waste management and dust

minimization management in the factory material management, and chemicals saving management as well as a management system in the

factory. The data are required for this study were collected from 3 (Ganda sheno, kuyu, and muka xuri) cement production factories found

in North Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State by using questionaries’ and interviews of Engineers and skilled workers in factories.

Research methodology choice for analysis of data on the use of descriptive analysis, which depends on the relative importance index (RII).

Finally, the research results showed that the topmost three variables are negative impacts of environments based on respondents’ rates

strongly agreement, which includes environmental management systems in the factory (RII =88.29 %), the Culture of factory staff (RII =

86.12%), and factory location selection (RII = 81.57%).Therefore, the study proposes thatthese major sources of environmental problems

are given as a pre-request for cement production factories to constructingcommunityconsciousness on the significance of environmental

healthand better to use of the available resource to ensure the situation of environmental health.

Keywords: construction industry, Cement production factories, environmental impacts

1. INTRODUCTION

The construction industry is various faces and challenges not only to be finished within a stakeholder but

also release, reduce, and recycled bad waste activities to the environment[1]. Today, environmental issues

are one of the most top and hot heading in the world[2]. Both developed and developing nations are under

increasing pressure to reduce their bad impacts on environmentally friendly to safeguard and encourage

sustainable development[3].The good environment performance improves and increases organization

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS




image and mentions better value creation in addition that it improves its attractiveness in health and safety,

decreasing toxic waste, increasing efficiency and wasting little resources, and maximizing workforce

productivity [4]. Environmental impacts of the construction industry in other parts lead to the largest toxic

air emission from construction with organic compounds through releasing toxic to air by generated waste.

These to providing and proposed new guidelines on the content of cement production factories for

investors are involved [5]. Today, the North Shewa Zone of Oromia regional state was harmed

environmental by the dust escalating from cement production factories like agricultural lands surrounding

areas. There are nothing legislations applied to solve these issues like claims rising related to

environmental problems around these areas. Thus, strength applied regulation to be needed to enhance the

environmental impacts of cement production factories. In addition, the lack of knowledge, skills, and

abilities are some reasons for bad environmental practices in these areas. Therefore, to enhance factories'

environmental practices tasks that affect the environments have to be identified and examined at all

possible adjustments which enhance factories' environmental practices as mentioned previously in this

report.

2. LITERATUREREVIEW

The construction industry is important to creating the environmentally friendly high-quality technology

process of companies around the world as environmental problems become more complex. Otherwise, the

large quantity of activities has environmental impacts due to releasing toxic carbon dioxide and may cause

natural resources around it [6]. Increasing global markets, environmental rules, and regulations are causing

climate change with locating new standards for business in each state of the world[7]. Thus, pre-

establishing of the cement production factories are needed new standard rules and regulations that help to

communities nearby it.

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A descriptive-analytical method was used and data was collected from professional engineers and peoples

work in cement production factories of North Shewa Zone, Oromia regional state.

International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved

3.1 RESEARCH POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZE

The research population included engineers and workers of cement factories and selected a random sample

of 3 cement production factories found in Oromia regional state. the distributed 60 random questionnaires

International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 4,


©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved

RESEARCH POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZE


production factories found in Oromia regional state. the distributed 60 random questionnaires

, July- Aug 2021

www.ijsred.com

Page 292


production factories found in Oromia regional state. the distributed 60 random questionnaires.




3.2 DATA ANALYSIS

In the data collected through a questionnaire survey and interviews, mean weight descriptive statistics

were used. Meanwhile, it is interesting to interpret the variables accurately and easily and to rank the

variable of cement production factories for environmental impacts in the North Shewa Zone of Oromia

regional state. It was Identified and examined the variables also be used, the weighted mean for a realistic

average of each variable. Ordinal Scale of users based on ascending order as a ranking or rating data in

ordinal scale. Thus, the numbers assigned to the five ordinal measures of agreement (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) were

used to rank the major environmental impacts. Based on the following Likert scale and designed by

calculated mean weighted.

TABLE 3.1: LIKERT SCALE OF THE STUDY

Item Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Scale 1 2 3 4 5

Weight mean 20%-36% 36%-52% 52%-68% 68%-84% 84%-100%

�� (��):=∑�

��=

�� !�!�"�"�#�#

��............... (i)

Where W = Weighted item given to by respondent’s 1 to 5, A= 5, and N= total sample number.

If the Relative importance Index of the result of the analysis of the questionnaires is ranged from 0 to 1 for

each impact accordingly.

Percentages: This descriptive statistics method was also used to analyze the interview questions related to

environmental impact problems for cement production in factories of North Shewa Zone, Oromia regional

state, including in the questionnaires.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 PHASE ONE: GENERAL INFORMATION OF RESPONDENT’S PROFILE

The respondent's profile includes workers' and engineers' experience in cement production factories' jobs.

TABLE 4. 1: SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESPONDENT'S JOB IN THE CEMENT PRODUCTION FACTORIES

Respondent's job in the company Frequency Percentages

Skilled Workers 21.0 35.0

Civil engineers 39.0 65.0

Total/Average 60.0 100.0



FIGURE 4.1: PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENT'S JOB IN THE CEMENT

TABLE and FIGURE 4.1 show that 35% from samples

and 65% from Civil Engineers.

3.2 PHASE TWO: THE OVERALL FACTORS CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE

CEMENT PRODUCTION FACTORIES.

Respondent’s answered to give their opinions based on the importance of

taken out from previous literature reviews and revised in thisstudy.All tasks follow

assigning it with a number from ranging 1 to 5 indicating the acceptance of degree about tasks and

represent as illustrated in Table below.

TABLE 4. 2: SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PROBLEMS RELATED TO PRODUCTION OF CEMENT FACTORIES

S/N Categories of the environmental impacts

1. Environmental management system

2. Culture of factory staff

3. Factory location selection

4. Dust release from the factory

5. Materials and chemicals saving

6. Factory noise management

7. Factory water management

8. Factory solid waste management




FIGURE 4.1: PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENT'S JOB IN THE CEMENT PRODUCTION FACTORIES

4.1 show that 35% from samples respondents’ job in the factories is

PHASE TWO: THE OVERALL FACTORS CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE

FACTORIES.

Respondent’s answered to give their opinions based on the importance of eight top factors which w

erature reviews and revised in thisstudy.All tasks follow



ategories of the environmental impacts RII Rank

system in the factory 88.29 % 1

86.12% 2

81.57% 3

77.42% 4

and storing 75.43% 5

69.14 % 6

67.57% 7

management 66.14% 8

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job in the factories is skilled workers

PHASE TWO: THE OVERALL FACTORS CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE

top factors which were

erature reviews and revised in thisstudy.All tasks follow the Likert scale by





FIGURE 4.2 IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Table and Figure 4.2 illustrates that the

factory in the first position with an importance index (II=88.29 %). This factor is very important to protect

in any local government authority the impacts of cement production factory on enviro

because the local authority and factory management must have the mandatory power to control any things

that belong to it. This attention to committing stakeholde

The second-ranked of the culture of factory staff in the second position within importance index

(II=86.12%). As the results show that the second impact is related to the culture of factory staff. The

culture of factory staff means not meeting within the c

again coping with stuff has little experience to save and reduce the quality of factories.

factory staff is the backbone of the high quality of cement factories established surrounding one

community. These results match[9]. Factors related to factory location selection have been ranked by all

respondents in the third position with RII equal 81.57% and it has been ranked by the dust release from the

factory respondents in the fourth position with RII equal 77.42%. While it has been ranked by the

Materials and chemicals saving and storing and factory noise management respondents in fifth and six

positions with RII equal 75.43% and 69.14 % are respectively. The study also

surprising to factory waters and factory solid waste management is the most important for environmental

impacts ones. Researchers are ranked that the environmental impacts

terms of the factory location selection techniques




FIGURE 4.2 IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Table and Figure 4.2 illustrates that the respondents ranked the environmental management system in the


in any local government authority the impacts of cement production factory on enviro


that belong to it. This attention to committing stakeholders and results are supported by

ranked of the culture of factory staff in the second position within importance index


culture of factory staff means not meeting within the culture of surrounding communities. This means

again coping with stuff has little experience to save and reduce the quality of factories.


Factors related to factory location selection have been ranked by all


in the fourth position with RII equal 77.42%. While it has been ranked by the


positions with RII equal 75.43% and 69.14 % are respectively. The study also shows that it is not


impacts ones. Researchers are ranked that the environmental impacts of cement production factories in

n selection techniques to related4~5% of carbon dioxide emission

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Page 295

respondents ranked the environmental management system in the


in any local government authority the impacts of cement production factory on environmental health


rs and results are supported by[8].

ranked of the culture of factory staff in the second position within importance index


ulture of surrounding communities. This means

again coping with stuff has little experience to save and reduce the quality of factories. So, the culture of


Factors related to factory location selection have been ranked by all


in the fourth position with RII equal 77.42%. While it has been ranked by the


shows that it is not


cement production factories in

4~5% of carbon dioxide emission [10].




4. CONCLUSION

Based on the results obtained from this study, the following research conclusions are drawn. Under this

study, a total of 8 factors affecting the current environment practice of cement production factories were

identified and selected as the highest six factors were shown to be reliable and there are most influential of

environmental disruption by findings from the empirical survey of this study. These are environmental

management system in the factory (RII =88.29 %), Culture of factory staff (RII = 86.12%), factory

location selection (RII = 81.57%), dust release from the factory (RII = 77.42%), materials and chemicals

saving and storing RII = 75.43%) and factory noise management (RII =69.14 %) are respectively.

Therefore, the results have shown that communities were not gained benefits from realizing the

importance of the above several factors in the establishment of cement production factories rather than the

disturbance of natural resources founding surrounding it.

It concludes also that the construction professionals, local management authority, and the communities

are cooperatively not working to gather or sense each other for pre - safeguard of the environment.

Therefore, assessment of environmental management system in the factory, a culture of factory staff, and

factory location selection are ones of most top three pre-request concerns of cement production factories

before establishing.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank the Almighty of GOD, who gave me the commitment and tolerance to

pass various obstacles and come up with the accomplishment of this research, Secondly and foremost,

deepest gratitude goes to the executive and management of cement production factories of North Shewa

zone, Oromia regional state for their active response and information on several issues related to

environmental impact and its effect of cement production factories surrounding there. I wish to express my

thanks also to appreciate my respondents for their willingness to answer the question that, I rose.

Especially, Local Municipality Authority, Coordinators of Office North Shewa zone industry sector for

their helpfulness in providing us the necessary information’s. Finally, my special thanks go to my friends

and Construction Technology and Management department staff members for their support in guidance

and clarification on the concepts under study.




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Environmental Impact Assessment of the Cement Production