Environmental Factors on Hort Crops

8/3/2019 Environmental Factors on Hort Crops

1/60

S E REDDY


2/60


3/60


4/60


5/60


6/60

Temperature is an important determinant of plant

growth.

High as well as low temperatures influence the

growth of plants.

Broad leaved, ever green plants are very much

susceptible to low temperature.

Fall of temperature below 5 OC put a strain on

the survival of such plants.


7/60

Deciduous plants by their adoptive

mechanism to shed foliage are better able to

tolerate low temperature.

Such plants pass their lives in dormant stage

during winter.

Generally, a temperature range of 20 30 OC

is considered ideal for majority of tropical and

subtropical plants..


8/60


9/60


10/60


11/60

Temperate plants require chilling winter.

In majority of temperate fruit plants,flowering commences subject to

fulfillment of chilling temperature ranging

from 2 OC to 7 OC.

High temperature above 40 OC causes

scorching in plants


12/60

The leaves show burning symptom

along tip and margin.

High temperature causes bolting and seedformation in spinach and lettuce.

Development of red colour in oranges isgoverned by low temperature.


13/60

More severe winter favours

discontinued synthesis ofchlorophyll and unmasking of

carotenoids which imparts redcolour to oranges.


14/60


15/60

The optimum temperature for most

of the plants varies in the range of22 OC to 27 O C.

High fluctuation in day and nighttemperature badly influences the

growth and production of plants.


16/60


17/60


18/60

HUMIDITY


19/60

It is a crucial component of climate

affecting growth and production of

crop.

Humidity is essential for growth ofthe plants and qualitative

development of the fruits.


20/60

The kharif plants and vegetables

grow fast with abundant humidityduring monsoon season.

The colour, TSS (total soluble

solids), sugar and acid blend is better

in dry atmosphere having very littlehumidity.


21/60

The oranges grown under

high humidity have thin

rind and more juice.


22/60


23/60

Low humidity favours bettercolour development in oranges.

High humidity favours resurgence of

diseases and pests also.

High humidity during March causes

powdery mildew disease in mango.


24/60


25/60

Fruit fly incidence is more in mango if

there is high humidity in atmosphereat the time of fruit ripening.

Fluctuation in atmospheric humidity

is the main attribute behind cracking

of fruits.


26/60

Under low humid conditions the

fruit skin is smooth, thin andshiny and it is important where

the fruit skin is edible likeGuava, Ber, Apple etc.


27/60


28/60

APPLE ORCHARD


29/60


30/60


31/60


32/60

High velocity and hot winds cause heavy damage to

fruit trees.

They cause breakage of limbs of fruit trees.

High velocity winds also cause shedding of flowers

and dropping of fruits.

Dry winds bring scorching and torn ing impact on

the leaves of banana.


33/60

The increasing wind velocity retards the activityof pollinators.

Bee activity is maximum when wind is still, gets little reduced when wind is 2-3 km per hour,

gets greatly reduced when wind velocity is 25

km per hour Their activity is altogether ceased when the wind

velocity is 40 km per hour.

In wind storm, spray of pesticide and otherchemicals become difficult.


34/60


35/60

For successful cultivation of fruit crops,

raising of dense windbreak rows around the

orchard is necessary.

The trees like eucalyptus. shisham, casuarina,

seedling mango, jamun etc.may be used as

wind breaks.


36/60


37/60


38/60

RAINFALL

The Amount and distribution of rainfall is

important factors in growth and development ofcrop.

Rain at the time of flowering washes out pollen

grains and greatly reduces the fruit set.

A year of normal rainfall creates conducive

condition and RESULTS in better growth and

harvest of plant..


39/60

The fruits like guava, pomegranate,

ber and sapota in which flowering

synchronizes to rainy season, normal

rainfall brings bumper harvest.

Water is required at different stages

of plant growth.


40/60


41/60


42/60


43/60


44/60


45/60


46/60


47/60


48/60

Water shortage at the time of

early growth, bud differentiation,

blossoming, fruit set and

development results inundesirable effect.


49/60


50/60

Rains before harvesting cause

softening of fruits in bananaand date palm and induce

infection of fruit fly in guavaand peaches


51/60

It is generally observed that fruits are more

juicy where they mature during rainy season due to

high atmospheric humidity.

Fruits that mature during rainy season contain less

sugar and more acid than fruits maturing during dryseason.

Keeping quality of fruits and vegetablesdeveloping under high atmospheric conditions

may not be good.


52/60


53/60


54/60


55/60


56/60

Hail storm causes great damage to the

fruit crops.

Occurrence of hail at the time offlowering and fruit maturity is very

disastrous because flower and fruit

drop is heavy and the growers get

poor returns for their produce


57/60


58/60

For successful cultivation of

fruit crops, only those areaswhere hailstorms dont occur

should be selected.


59/60


60/60

Documents

Environmental Factors on Hort Crops