Environmental Education Project Ppy

8/7/2019 Environmental Education Project Ppy

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ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL

EDUCATION PROJECTEDUCATION PROJECT

ONON

WATER POLLUTION AND ITSWATER POLLUTION AND ITS

MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT


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ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Word "environment" is most commonlyWord "environment" is most commonlyused describing "natural" environmentused describing "natural" environmentand means the sum of all living and non-and means the sum of all living and non-

living things that surround an organism,living things that surround an organism,or group of organisms. Environmentor group of organisms. Environmentincludes all elements, factors , andincludes all elements, factors , andconditions that have some impact onconditions that have some impact ongrowth and development of certaingrowth and development of certain

organism. Environment includes bothorganism. Environment includes bothbiotic and abiotic factors that havebiotic and abiotic factors that haveinfluence on observed organism. Abioticinfluence on observed organism. Abioticfactors such as light, temperature, water,factors such as light, temperature, water,atmospheric gases combine with bioticatmospheric gases combine with biotic

factors (all surrounding living species).factors (all surrounding living species).


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CAUSES OFCAUSES OF

ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTALDEGRADATIONDEGRADATIONqDEFORESTATIONDEFORESTATION

qPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION

qANIMAL HUNTINGANIMAL HUNTING


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POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

Environmental pollution is theEnvironmental pollution is thecontamination of the physical andcontamination of the physical and

biological components of thebiological components of theearth/atmosphere system to such anearth/atmosphere system to such anextent that normal environmentalextent that normal environmentalprocesses are adversely affected.processes are adversely affected.

environmental pollution takes placeenvironmental pollution takes placewhen the environmentwhen the environment cannotcannotprocessprocessand neutralize harmful by-products ofand neutralize harmful by-products ofhuman activities (for example,human activities (for example,

poisonous gas emissions)poisonous gas emissions) in duein due


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TYPES OF POLLUTIONTYPES OF POLLUTION

vAIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION

vWATER POLLUTIONWATER POLLUTION

vSOIL POLLUTIONSOIL POLLUTIONvNOISE POLLUTIONNOISE POLLUTION


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WATER POLLUTIONWATER POLLUTION

Water pollution is a major cause to life. ItWater pollution is a major cause to life. Itimpacts on marine life and is a major impact toimpacts on marine life and is a major impact tolife in the whole world. Water pollution is thelife in the whole world. Water pollution is thecontamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes,contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes,rivers, oceans and groundwater). It occursrivers, oceans and groundwater). It occurswhen pollutants are discharged directly orwhen pollutants are discharged directly orindirectly into water bodies without adequateindirectly into water bodies without adequatetreatment to remove harmful compounds.treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Subsequently, we are slowly but surely harmingSubsequently, we are slowly but surely harmingour planet to the point where organisms areour planet to the point where organisms aredying at a very alarming rate. In addition todying at a very alarming rate. In addition to

innocent organisms dying off, our drinkinginnocent organisms dying off, our drinkingwater has become greatly affected. The effectwater has become greatly affected. The effectis damaging not only to individual species andis damaging not only to individual species andpopulations, but also to the natural biologicalpopulations, but also to the natural biologicalcommunities. . In order to combat watercommunities. . In order to combat waterpollution, we must understand the problemspollution, we must understand the problemsand become part of the solution.and become part of the solution.


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CAUSES OF WATERCAUSES OF WATER

POLLUTIONPOLLUTION Dumping of :Dumping of : Chemical wastes from industriesChemical wastes from industries

Agricultural wastes such asAgricultural wastes such asinsecticides and pesticidesinsecticides and pesticides

Household wasteHousehold waste

Sewage disposalSewage disposal

Nuclear waste disposalNuclear waste disposal Oil leakages etcOil leakages etc


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Water managementWater management

Water treatment is a process ofWater treatment is a process ofmaking water suitable for itsmaking water suitable for itsapplication or returning its naturalapplication or returning its natural

state. These can include usestate. These can include useasas drinking waterdrinking water, industrial, industrialprocesses, medical and many otherprocesses, medical and many otheruses. Water is a renewable resource.uses. Water is a renewable resource.

All water treatments involve theAll water treatments involve theremoval of solids, bacteria, algae,removal of solids, bacteria, algae,plants, inorganic compounds, andplants, inorganic compounds, andorganic compounds. Removal oforganic compounds. Removal of

solids is usually done by filtrationsolids is usually done by filtration


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.. The goal of all water treatment process isThe goal of all water treatment process isto remove existingto remove existing contaminantscontaminants in thein the

water, or reduce the concentration of suchwater, or reduce the concentration of suchcontaminants so the water becomes fit forcontaminants so the water becomes fit forits desired end-use. One such use isits desired end-use. One such use isreturning waterreturning water

that has been used back into the naturalthat has been used back into the naturalenvironment without adverse ecologicalenvironment without adverse ecologicalimpact.impact.

Water treatment involves science,Water treatment involves science,engineering, business, and art. Theengineering, business, and art. Thetreatment may include mechanical,treatment may include mechanical,physical, biological, and chemical methods.physical, biological, and chemical methods.

As with any technology, science is theAs with any technology, science is thefoundation and en ineerin makes surefoundation and en ineerin makes sure


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Steps in water treatmentSteps in water treatment

Pre treatmentPre treatment::v Coarse screeningCoarse screening

v Grid chambersGrid chambers

v CommunitorsCommunitors

Primary treatmentPrimary treatmentAfter screening the solids and removing the grit, the wastewater still containsAfter screening the solids and removing the grit, the wastewater still contains

light organic suspended solids. Some of these can be removed by gravity in alight organic suspended solids. Some of these can be removed by gravity in a

sedimentation tank. These tanks are typically twelve feet deep and hold thesedimentation tank. These tanks are typically twelve feet deep and hold the

wastewater for two or three hours. What settles out is calledwastewater for two or three hours. What settles out is called sludgesludge. The sludge is. The sludge is

removed from the primary treatment tank with mechanical scrapers and pumps.removed from the primary treatment tank with mechanical scrapers and pumps.

Grease, oil, and other floating substances rise to the top, where they are removedGrease, oil, and other floating substances rise to the top, where they are removed

by surface skimming equipments.by surface skimming equipments.


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Secondary TreatmentSecondary TreatmentSecondary treatment removes solubleSecondary treatment removes solublematerials that require oxygen for decay, asmaterials that require oxygen for decay, as

well as further removal of suspended solids.well as further removal of suspended solids.There are methods like BOD (biochemicalThere are methods like BOD (biochemicaloxygen demand). BOD is the amount ofoxygen demand). BOD is the amount ofoxygen, usually measured inoxygen, usually measured in

milligrams of oxygen per litre ofmilligrams of oxygen per litre ofwastewater, required to decompose thewastewater, required to decompose theorganic pollutants found in the wastewater.organic pollutants found in the wastewater.

Methods of waste removal under secondaryMethods of waste removal under secondarytreatment are:treatment are:

BODBOD

ACTIVATED SLUDGEACTIVATED SLUDGE

TRICKLING FILTERSTRICKLING FILTERS

Ad d W t tAd d W t t


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Advanced WastewaterAdvanced WastewaterTreatmentTreatment

Although secondary treatment can removeAlthough secondary treatment can remove

over eighty-five percent of the BOD,over eighty-five percent of the BOD,suspended solids and nearly all pathogens,suspended solids and nearly all pathogens,sometimes additional treatment is required.sometimes additional treatment is required.Sometimes other pollutants, such asSometimes other pollutants, such asnitrogen, phosphorus, nonnitrogen, phosphorus, nonbiological chemical oxygen demand (COD),biological chemical oxygen demand (COD),or heavy metals may be present thator heavy metals may be present thatrequire removal. Besides removing theserequire removal. Besides removing theseother pollutants, advanced wastewaterother pollutants, advanced wastewatertreatment (AWT) can be so effective intreatment (AWT) can be so effective inremoving pollutants that the treatedremoving pollutants that the treated

wastewater can be reused. In many parts ofwastewater can be reused. In many parts ofthe world water is too valuable a resourcethe world, water is too valuable a resource


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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

It is aptly said that pollution is the priceIt is aptly said that pollution is the pricepaid by us towards social developmentpaid by us towards social developmentthrough scientific advancement. Pollution isthrough scientific advancement. Pollution isa peril of our society. It is a peril out ofa peril of our society. It is a peril out of

scientific achievements applied toscientific achievements applied toimprovement of human facilities.improvement of human facilities.

Hence greater public awareness can make aHence greater public awareness can make apositive difference. Government should setpositive difference. Government should set

up as many as waste water treatment plantup as many as waste water treatment plantthroughout the country. So that wastethroughout the country. So that wastewater can be treated and be recycled backwater can be treated and be recycled backto the environment for reuse if notto the environment for reuse if notdrinking but for other purposes like waterdrinking but for other purposes like water

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Environmental Education Project Ppy