Environmental C i f AllComparison of All The Fluorocarbons

Dick GrantThe Fluorocarbons

Dick Grant

The latest assessment report from the Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee (RTOC) contains a great quote TheTechnical Options Committee (RTOC), contains a great quote. The assessment is part of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) review pursuant to Article 6 of the Montreal Protocol.

“8.4.2.7 Environmental Evaluation for Retention of HCFC-123 as a Refrigerant for Centrifugal Chillers

“R f i t HCFC 123 h f bl ll i t th“Refrigerant HCFC-123 has a favorable overall impact on the environment that is attributable to five factors:

(1) a low ODP (2) a very low GWP(3) a very short atmospheric lifetime(4) the extremely low emissions of current designs for HCFC-123 chillers(5) the highest efficiency of all current options(5) the highest efficiency of all current options

Based on integrated assessments, considering the tradeoffs between negligible impacts on stratospheric ozone and important benefits in

dd i l b l i th t di d id ti faddressing global warming, these studies recommend consideration of a phase-out exemption for HCFC-123.”

The Best Environmental Solution1. Low ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential)

2. Low GWP (Global Warming Potential)

3. High operating efficiency

4 Short atmospheric life4. Short atmospheric life

5. Low operating pressure

O D l ti P t ti l (ODP)Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)1

0.8

0.9

1

0 5

0.6

0.7

11=1

.0)

0.3

0.4

0.5

OD

P (R

-1

0.1

0.2

0CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-

123HFC-134a

HFC-410A

HFC-407C

HFC-245fa

Global Warming Potential (GWP)Global Warming Potential (GWP)

12000

10000

12000

8000

O2=

1.0

)

4000

6000

GW

P (C

O

2000

0CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-123 HFC-134a HFC-410A HFC-407C HFC-245fa

ODP versus GWPCFC-11

12113114115

HCFC-22123124124

141b142b

HFC-32125

134a143a152a

227ea236fa236fa245fa

ODP (relative to R 11) GWP (relative to CO )0.00.00.20.40.60.81.0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

ODP (relative to R-11) GWP (relative to CO2)J. M. Calm and G. C. Hourahan, “Refrigerant Data Summary,” Engineered Systems, 18(11):74-88, November 2001 (based on 1998 WMO and 2001 IPCC assessments) © JMC 2001

Water Cooled Chiller Efficiency (COP)Water Cooled Chiller Efficiency (COP)

6 6

6.8

6 2

6.4

6.6

5.8

6

6.2

CO

P

5.4

5.6

CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-123 HFC-134a HFC-410A HFC-407C HFC-245fa

Atmospheric Half Life (Years)Atmospheric Half-Life (Years)

100

60

80

rs

40

Year

20

0CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-

123HFC-134a HFC-

410AHFC-407C

HFC-245fa

Chiller Operating PressureChiller Operating Pressure

310.0

270.0 Off Line (72°F)

Condenser (100°F)

ure

(p

sig

)

230.0

190.0

Evaporator (38°F)

Off Line (72°F)

era

tin

g P

ress

u

150.0

110.0

Op

e

70.0

30.0

10 0-10.0

R-11 R-123 R-12 R-134a R-22 R-410A

2768

Chiller Emissions StudyNumber of Trane R-123 CenTraVacs 2768

Total Pounds of Charge 3,547,612 lbs

Total Pounds of Charge Added 16,229 lbs/yr

Annualized Total Loss Rate 0 4575 %Annualized Total Loss Rate 0.4575 %

The Trane CompanyThe Trane Company 1997 Survey Results

St d b t d i “I t Gl b l O d Cli ti “I t Gl b l O d Cli tStudy corroborated in “Impact on Global Ozone and Climatein “Impact on Global Ozone and ClimateFrom Use and Emission of (HCFCFrom Use and Emission of (HCFC--123)” By Calm, Wuebbles an Jain123)” By Calm, Wuebbles an Jain

The Future

Emissions

EnergyEfficiencyEfficiency

Focusing on Emissions and EfficiencyFocusing on Emissions and Efficiency is fundamental to doing what’s right

SummarySummary

The balanced approach to refrigerant selection is the best way to protect the environment

Ozone DepletionpGlobal WarmingEnergy EfficiencyShort atmospheric lifeLow pressure (low tendency for leakage)

For both environmental and economic benefit, focus on the highest possible energy efficiency and the lowest possible refrigerant emissionsp g

Important Technical Resources

Trane: http://www.trane.com/commercial/issues/environmental/

US EPA: http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/

US Green Buildings Council: http://www.usgbc.org/

E StEnergy Star: http://www.energystar.gov/

James M. Calm: http://www.jamesmcalm.com/

PAFT (Programme for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity Testing): http://www.afeas.org/paft/