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A review to help me study for my Enlightenment test.
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1. What does it mean to be
“enlightened”?
To gain knowledge and wisdom: to be freed from prejudice, ignorance, or superstition
2. What is the Enlightenment
commonly referred to as?
The Age of Reason
3. What is “reason”?
To think logically
***When was the
Enlightenment?
1600-1800
17th and 18th centuries
4. How were the
Enlightenment and
Renaissance similar?
Both studied the ideas and art of
ancient Greece and Rome.
5. What new form of
literature evolved during
the Age of Enlightenment?
The novel
The most popular novel author today is John Grisham
Tom Clancy is also very popular today
6. What Age of Enlightenment
book did Thomas
Hobbes write?
Leviathan
A Leviathan is a huge “sea monster”
7. What did Hobbes argue was the best
form of government in
Leviathan?
Absolutism: to manage behavior
The Leviathan, or sea monster,
represents the all powerful
government Hobbes believed exist to
avoid chaos
Hobbes absolute
ruler
8. Who wrote the Two Treatises of Government?
The mystery author!
John Locke
9A. What did Locke argue was the best form of Government?
9B. Why?
A. democracy
B. Locke believed in democracy because he argued the people were SOVEREIGN--the people have ultimate power
10. What three rights did Locke
say the Government
MUST protect?
Life, liberty, and
property
11. What effects did John Locke have on the United States?
He influenced the Declaration of Independence.
“among these rights are life, liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness”
12. Who wrote The Spirit of Laws?
Who is this author?
Baron de Montesquieu
Montesquieu was from France
13. What idea about the
structure of government
did Montesquieu
express in Spirit?
“separation of powers”
--3 branches of government
14. Why did Montesquieu
advocate “separation of
powers”?
In order to avoid one person gaining
all the power
(NO ABSOLUTISM!)
15. If Montesqueiu is
AGAINST absolutism, then
which thinker does he disagree
with?
Thomas Hobbes
A Leviathan: The absolute government
16. What effect did Montesquieu
have on the United States ?
Montesquieu influenced the U.S.
Constitution
The Constitution sets up three branches of
Government, just as Montesquieu recommended.
17. What was Voltaire famous
for saying?
“I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the
death your right to say it”
18. What does this
quote defend?
Freedom of speech and
religion
19. What was Voltaire’s
opinion on the relationship
between religion and the
government?
There should be “separation of church
and state”
Church State
20. Who wrote the
Social Contract
?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
21. What does Rousseau say about “The Social (or society’s) Contract?”
It is a contract between the
people and their rulers
22. What does Rousseau say should happen if this contract
is broken by the rulers?
The people should rebel!
The Storming of Bastille
Liberty leading the People
by Delacroix
23. What were four effects of
the Enlightenment?
Fueled democratic revolutions around world (American, French)
Bastille: The French Revolution Begins July
14, 1789!
Signing of the Declaration of Independence: July 4, 1776
Applied reason to the human world (government, law)
Stimulated religious tolerance“It would be
reasonable if we all just got along, wouldn’t it?
Billy Graham,Protestant, and Pope John Paul II
Taught that our rights come from natural law NOT the government
Natural rights