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Enlightenment Ideas and the US Constitution
John Locke
Enlightenment Idea
A government’s power comes from he consent of the People
“Life, Liberty and Property”
Effect on the U.S.
DOI: “We the People Of the United States”
DOI: “Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness”
Representative Government
Limits on Power of Government
Montesquieu
Enlightenment Idea
Separation of Powers within Government
Effect on the US
Federal System of Government
Powers divided among three branches
System of Checks and Balances
Rousseau
Enlightenment Idea
Direct Democracy
Effect on the US
Public Election of President (sort of) and Congressional Representatives
Voltaire
Enlightenment Idea
Free Speech
Religious Toleration
Effect on the US
1st Amendment: The right to Free Speech and exercise of Religion
Beccaria
Enlightenment Idea
Justice to Preserve Order, (not to get revenge) Accused have rights Torture is bad Speedy Trial
Effect on the US
6th Amendment: Right to a Speedy and Public Trial by an Impartial Jury
8th Amendment: Bans “Cruel and Unusual Punishment” (a.k.a. Torture)
Who’s Missing?
Wollstonecraft
