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THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONTHE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”
Spread of Enlightenment Ideas• People SHOULD have more Rights, Freedoms, Equality• John Locke wrote “Two Treatises of Government”
– people can rebel if government does not protect “natural rights”
French and Indian War•King George III (England) felt colonists
should help pay off the debt from the French and Indian War
•England wants to re-establish control over colonies
EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”
Proclamation of 1763
•prevented colonists from moving westward
•keep land for English speculators/traders
1764 Sugar Act (Indirect Tax)
•1st tax on colonists
1764 Committees of Correspondenceest. lines of communication through coloniesencourage united opposition against Britain
EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”
1765 – Stamp Act (Direct Tax)•Tax on all printed items
legal documents, deeds, marriage licenses, newspapers, bills, almanacs, pamphlets, dice, playing cards, etc…
1765 SONS OF LIBERTY
•Underground organization in opposition of Stamp Tax
•Used violence and intimidation against “stamp agents”
EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”
1765 ”Stamp Act Congress” called
Parliament could not make laws for colonists
”no taxation without
representation”
Parliament could not make laws for colonists
”no taxation without
representation”
Called for colonists to Boycott British Goods
Called for colonists to Boycott British Goods
March 1766
England
repealed the
Stamp Act
March 1766
England
repealed the
Stamp Act
1766 Declaratory Act
Parliament “declared” Britain still had right to make laws for Colonies
EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”
1765 Quartering Act
Requiring colonists to house and feed British soldiers
EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”
1767 Townshend Acts•new series of taxes to pay for governing and protecting the colonies
•taxes on glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, and tea
•Colonists boycotted goods
BOSTON MASSACREBOSTON MASSACRE
March 5, 1770•“Redcoats” fired on colonists•3 Americans killed
–Crispus Attucks•tremendous “propaganda” value for colonists–Paul Revere
EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”EVENTS LEADING TO THE “REVOLUTION”
England cancelled the Townshend Acts, except for tax on TEA
England cancelled the Townshend Acts, except for tax on TEA
a 3 cent/ pound import tax on tea was imposed
British East India Tea Co was given a tea monopoly and was underselling American tea merchants
IF colonists bought the tea, they would be acknowledging England’s right to tax them
BOSTON TEA PARTYBOSTON TEA PARTY
December 16, 1773
Colonists dressed as Mohawk Indians and threw 342 cases of tea into Boston HarborKing George IIIKing George III
was was outraged!!!!outraged!!!!
To punish colonists, Parliament issued the Intolerable Acts
• Boston Harbor was CLOSED until:
1. Taxes on “dumped” tea was paid
2. British East India Co was reimbursed for the loss of the tea
COLONIAL TRADE WAS HURT!!!Increased calls for action
INTOLERABLE ACTSINTOLERABLE ACTS
1ST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS1ST CONTINENTAL CONGRESSSept 5 – Oct 26, 1774
Philadelphia12 of 13 colonies were represented
Georgia
oprospered under England
oNeeded help against Indians
declared Colonies have the right to make their laws…NOT the English Parliament or the King
“There are no differences between Virginians,
Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New
Englanders. I am not a Virginian, but I am an
American.”--Patrick Henry
“There are no differences between Virginians,
Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New
Englanders. I am not a Virginian, but I am an
American.”--Patrick Henry
THE PLOT THICKENS…THE PLOT THICKENS…
Shot Heard Round the WorldShot Heard Round the World
Lexington – 1st Battlestart of American Revolutionary War2nd battle at Concord
April 19, 1775Paul Revere, William Dawes, Sam Prescott
warned colonists
“I if by land, 2 if by sea”
2 lanterns in Boston’s North Church
“Minutemen”
Colonial militia
“Minutemen”
Colonial militia
STRENGTHSSTRENGTHSENGLAND
1)Well equipped
2)Well trained
3)Strong Navy
4)Loyalists
5)Mercenaries
•Hessians
•30%
COLONISTS
1)Familiar with terrain
2)Pride
WEAKNESSESWEAKNESSES
ENGLAND
1)English resented paying taxes for the war
2)Many English sympathized with the colonists
COLONISTS
1)Poorly disciplined
2)Continental Congress could not force states to give troops, money, supplies
SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESSSECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
May 1775Philadelphia
Olive Branch Petition• last attempt to compromise with England
and prevent war• England refused
Creation of the Continental Army under George Washington
Patrick Henry – “Give me Liberty or give me Death”
FIGHTING THE WARFIGHTING THE WARJune 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill
1st major battle “Don’t shoot until you see the
whites of their eyes”
Jan 1776 Thomas Paine wrote “Common Sense” critical of King George III attacked allegiance to monarchy argues for American Independence
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEDECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
7.4.1776•Thomas Jefferson main author
•Colonies declared independence from England
•King George III wrote in his diary for the day “…nothing of
importance.”
BATTLE OF TRENTONBATTLE OF TRENTON
Dec 25, 1776
• Washington’s “Crossing the Delaware”
• surprise attack on the Hessian mercenaries
• Increased soldier morale• Increased public support• No American troops died in this attack
AMERICAN FLAGAMERICAN FLAGJune 14, 1777
Betsy Ross
WHITE
purity and innocence
RED
hardiness & valor
BLUE
vigilance, perseverance & Justice
BATTLE OF SARATOGABATTLE OF SARATOGA
October 1777 American victory
Morale booster…British had recently taken Philadelphia
Nearly 6000 Hessians surrendered TURNING POINT OF THE WARFrance joins war on Colonial side
BATTLE OF VINCENNESBATTLE OF VINCENNESWinter 1779
• George Rogers Clark captured Ft. Sackville–Vincennes, IN
• prevented British from capturing the Midwest
BATTLE OF YORKTOWNBATTLE OF YORKTOWN
Oct 19, 1781General Washington defeats
General Cornwallis
Cornwallis surrenders
AMERICA WINS!!!
TREATY OF PARISTREATY OF PARIS
September 1783•ended American Revolution•Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States of America