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Enhancing the Ability to Meet Customer Needs
May 15, 2007
Clark W. GellingsVice President – Innovation
2© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
CWG/9857P
IntelliGrid Vision
A new electric delivery infrastructure that integrates advances in communications,
computing, and electronics to meet the energy needs of the digital society
3© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Needed: An Interstate Electricity Communications Superhighway
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4© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Deploy Sensors
5© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Integrated Electric & Communications Systems
6© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Deploy Local Computational Agents
7© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Apply Power Flow Control
8© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Apply Dynamic Thermal Circuit Rating (DTCR)
9© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Apply Dynamic Thermal Circuit Rating
10© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Apply Fault Anticipation & Distribution Electronics
11© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Apply Fault Anticipation
12© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Enable A Self-Healing Power Delivery System
13© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Consumer Portal
14© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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The IntelliGrid VisionKey Technologies
• Communications• Monitoring• Embedded computing• Advanced components
– Superconductors, power electronics, storage, etc.
• Advanced configurations– Looped circuits, microgrids, DC
service
Data: collecting, moving and converting data into useful information
15© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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The Power Delivery System of the Future: Characteristics
The power delivery system of the future will be:– Interactive with consumers and markets
– Self-Healing and Adaptive
– Optimized to make best use of resources and equipment
– Predictive rather than reactive, to prevent emergencies
– Accommodates a variety of generation options
– Integrated, merging monitoring, control, protection, maintenance, EMS, DMS, marketing, and IT
– More Secure from attack
16© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Achieving the Power Delivery System of the Future:Integrating Two Infrastructures
Electrical Infrastructure
“Intelligence” Infrastructure
17© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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The Intelligent Grid
18© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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IntelliGrid ProgramDeveloping the Technical Foundation
Communications:Enable devices and controllers to “talk” to each other• IntelliGrid Architecture: a framework consisting of principles for
interoperability, tools, methodologies, recommendations for standards and technologies and best practices that are applied during the design and deployment of grid upgrades
• Consumer Portal: two-way communications gateway between consumers and service providers
Computing:Software to run the smart grid must model and simulate the power system faster than
real time• Fast Simulation and Modeling: high-performance look-ahead and optimization capability
of software for both the transmission and distribution system (Functional requirements completed, prototypes in development)
Monitoring:Measurement of parameters necessary for operating and maintaining an intelligent grid• Integrated Monitoring: defines data requirements – single measurements for multiple
applications
19© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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IntelliGrid Partners Cut Across All Stakeholder Groups
U.S. Utilities• Kansas City Power & Light• Long Island Power Authority• New York Power Authority • Salt River Project• TXU• Public Service New Mexico• Tri-State G&T• Arkansas Electric Cooperative• Great River Energy• Richmond Power & Light• Dairyland Power Cooperative• Golden Valley Electric Assn.• Hoosier Energy Rural Electric
Cooperative• Lincoln Electric• Hetch Hetchy Water & Power
International Utilities• Electricite de France • Polish Power Grid Company• Korea Electric Power
Public Agencies• Association of State Energy
Research and Technology Transfer Institutions
• International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
• National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners
• National Association of State Energy Officials
• National Conference of State Legislatures
• National Governors Association
• State Energy Offices and Research Programs
Manufacturers• ABB• Hitachi
Electricity
Industry
Technology
Providers
Public Sector/
Consumers
20© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Applications of the IntelliGrid Architecture
• Southern California Edison – applying the IntelliGrid Architecture $1.5B AMI project
• TXU – applying IntelliGrid Architecture to $400M automated meter reading project
• Salt River Project – applying IntelliGrid Architecture for substation data integration
• Alliant Energy – applying IntelliGrid Architecture for distribution monitoring system
• Long Island Power Authority – Utility and Consumer Device SCADA via Broadband over Power Line (BPL) and Wireless Communications
• Polish Power Grid Operator – applying the IntelliGrid Architecture and Fast Simulation and Modeling for Volt/VAR control of the Polish Transmission Grid
DevelopmentApplication
21© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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How is Southern California Edison Using IntelliGrid Results?
Advanced Metering Infrastructure• Apply methods & tools
to capture requirements
• Build on defined applications
• Apply approach for mappingrequirements to technologies
• Apply recommendations for standards and technologies
• Contribute the results of their work to the industry
22© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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IntelliGrid ProgramKey Results To Date
• Communications– IntelliGrid Architecture volumes 1-4– Guidelines for Implementing the IntelliGrid
Architecture– Case Studies on Implementations of the IntelliGrid
Architecture– Consumer Portal concepts, drivers and barriers to
development – Consumer Portal Telecommunications Assessment– Consumer Portal Business Case
• Computing– Distributed Computing Conceptual framework and
Computational Architecture– Business Case
• Monitoring– Requirements and Technology Assessment
Energy Efficiency (EE) & Demand Response (DR)
24© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Strategies for Efficient Use of Electricity
Three Interrelated Strategies• Energy Efficiency (EE)• Demand Response (DR)• Dynamic Systems (DS)
Implemented Through anElectricity Efficiency Infrastructure
EE
DSDR
25© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
U.S
. Ele
ctri
c S
ecto
rC
O2
Em
issi
on
s (m
illio
n m
etri
c to
ns)
U.S. Electricity Sector CO2 Emissions
• Base case from EIA “Annual Energy Outlook 2007”
– includes some efficiency, new renewables, new nuclear
– assumes no CO2 capture or storage due to high costs
26© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
U.S
. Ele
ctri
c S
ecto
rC
O2 E
mis
sio
ns
(mill
ion
met
ric
ton
s)
EIA Base Case 2007
CO2 Reductions … Technical Potential*
150 GWe Plant Upgrades46% New Plant Efficiency
by 2020; 49% in 2030
No Existing Plant Upgrades40% New Plant Efficiency
by 2020–2030Advanced Coal Generation
5% of Base Load in 2030< 0.1% of Base Load in 2030DER
10% of New Vehicle Sales by 2017; +2%/yr Thereafter NonePHEV
Widely Deployed After 2020NoneCCS
64 GWe by 203012.5 GWe by 2030Nuclear Generation
70 GWe by 203030 GWe by 2030Renewables
Load Growth ~ +1.1%/yrLoad Growth ~ +1.5%/yrEfficiency
TargetEIA 2007 ReferenceTechnology
* Achieving all targets is very aggressive, but potentially feasible.
27© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
U.S
. Ele
ctri
c S
ecto
rC
O2 E
mis
sio
ns
(mill
ion
met
ric
ton
s)
EIA Base Case 2007
9% reduction in base load by 2030
Benefit of Achieving Efficiency Target
150 GWe Plant Upgrades46% New Plant Efficiency
by 2020; 49% in 2030
No Existing Plant Upgrades40% New Plant Efficiency
by 2020–2030Advanced Coal Generation
5% of Base Load in 2030< 0.1% of Base Load in 2030DER
10% of New Vehicle Sales by 2017; +2%/yr Thereafter NonePHEV
Widely Deployed After 2020NoneCCS
64 GWe by 203012.5 GWe by 2030Nuclear Generation
70 GWe by 203030 GWe by 2030Renewables
Load Growth ~ +1.1%/yrLoad Growth ~ +1.5%/yrEfficiency
TargetEIA 2007 ReferenceTechnology
28© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Energy Efficiency – 5th Fuel
Source: Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Outlook 2006
Petroleum3.0%
Natural Gas18.7%
OtherRenewables2.3%
Nuclear19.3%
Hydroelectric6.5%
Coal49.7%
Petroleum3.0%
Natural Gas16.7%
OtherRenewables5%
Nuclear19.3%
Hydroelectric6.5%
Coal43.7%
Energy Efficiency6.0%
2005 Resource Mix Could This be 2015 Resource Mix?
29© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Per Capita Electricity Consumption
30© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,00019
75
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
GW
h/y
ear
Appliance Standards
Building Standards
Utility Efficiency Programs at a cost of
~1% of electric bill
~15% of Annual Electricity Use in California in 2003
Annual Energy Savings from Efficiency Programs & Standards
Source: California Energy Commission
31© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Energy Efficiency Potential Estimates
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2010 2020 2030
Potential (%)
10.8%
21.8%
27.3%
Technical Potential
Technical Potential
Achievable Potential
(5.5%)Savings from ProgramsNaturally Occurring
Savings from Programs
Naturally Occurring
Savings from Programs
Naturally Occurring
1.3%
1.9% 4.5%
1.9%
6.9%
1.9%
Technical Potential
32© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Energy Savings Opportunities & Associated Levelized Costs
• < 5 cents/kWh– Residential: appliance removal, audits, lighting, O&M, HVAC
tune-up – Commercial/Industrial: refrigeration
• 5-10 cents/kWh– Commercial: lighting, motors– Industrial: motors, compressed air systems, process
• 10-20 cents/kWh– Residential: Energy Star appliances– Commercial: audits, equipment tune-up,
cooling, new construction– Industrial: lighting, cooling
• > 20 cents/KWh– Residential: HVAC, fans, new construction
33© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Dynamic Systems Infrastructure: Basics
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet
34© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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The Portal Empowers Consumers
Communications
Communications ElectricityElectricity
Choice Convenience Value
• Connectivityto electricity markets
• Information on consumption
• Access toother services
• Connectivityto electricity markets
• Information on consumption
• Access toother services
35© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
CWG/9857P
The Portal Empowers Consumers
Communications
Communications ElectricityElectricity
• Choose suppliers• Select tariff• Monitoring usage• Respond to price signals• Monitor appliances
and devices• Remotely program
operations• Consolidate bills• Outage detection• PQ monitoring• Security• Data• Entertainment
• Choose suppliers• Select tariff• Monitoring usage• Respond to price signals• Monitor appliances
and devices• Remotely program
operations• Consolidate bills• Outage detection• PQ monitoring• Security• Data• Entertainment
36© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
CWG/9857P
Dynamic Systems Infrastructure:Utility Operations
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet
37© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
CWG/9857P
Dynamic Systems Infrastructure:Consumer Opportunities
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet
38© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
CWG/9857P
Dynamic Systems Infrastructure:Consumer Opportunities
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
39© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
CWG/9857P
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
Dynamic Systems Infrastructure
Interoperabilityand
Functionality
40© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
CWG/9857P
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
Dynamic Systems Infrastructure
IP AddressableDevices & Tools
For DataIntegration
41© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
CWG/9857P
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
Dynamic Systems Infrastructure – Example
• Thermostat receivesday-ahead hourlyprices
• Consumer sets upperand lower limits
• Thermostat “learns”thermal, consumerand weather impacts
42© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
CWG/9857P
EfficientBuildingSystems
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
Dynamic Systems Infrastructure – Example
Time of Day
UtilityCommunications
DistributionOperations12
Midnight12
Midnight12
Noon
Demand
PreCool
Clip
Recover