7/29/2019 English Theory

1/1

Passive Voice

Use of Passive voice:

when the person who carries out the action is unknown,unimportant from the text.

Mrs Archer`s ringwas stolen from her house last night.(we don`t know who stole thering)

when the action itself us more important the person who carries out, as in news

headlunes, newspaper articles, formal notices, etc.

Two teenagers were seriously injuredin a car accident last night.

The present perfect continuous, the future continuous, the past perfect continuous, and

the future perfect continuous are not normally used in passive.Changing from active into passive:

We use by + agent to say who or what carries out the action. We use with +

instrument/material/ingredeints to say what the agent used.e.g.. A kite was made by John.. It was made with paper, and paint.

with verbs take 2 objects such asbring, tell, show, teach, hand, sell, give, offer, pay,

grant, lend, feed, and owe,we can make 2 different passive sentences.

Jesica showedRod some photos.

a. Rod was shown some photos by Jesica.(more usual)b. Some photos were shown to Rod by Jesica.

Personal and Impersonal Const ruction:

The verbs think, believe, say, report, know, expect, consider, understand, etc.are used in the following pas

in impersonal construvtions.active: People say that he has losthis job.passive: a)It is said(that) he has lost his job. (impersonal construction)

b)He is said to have lost his job. (personal construction)active: People know that she works hard.

passive: c)It is known (that) she works hard.

d) She is known to workhard.active: People thinkhe lefthis country last night.

passive: e)It is thought(that) he lefthis country last night.

f)He is thought to have left the country last night.

Complete the sentences, as in the example.1. It is expected that he will win the race tomorrow.

He is expected to win the race tomorrow.2. It is thought that the school has good teachers. The school .

3. It is said that she speak seven languages. She . .

4. It is believed that the missing jewellery has been found. The missing jewellery .5. It is thought that she is a talented pianist. She . .

6. It is known that she is hiding somewhere in the city. She ... .

7. It is reported that the thieves has escaped from prison. The thieves . .8. It is expected that they will give her the prize. She . .

Underline the correct answer.

Fire 1) swept / was swept through a furniture warehouse yesterday afternoon. Most of t he stock inside 2)w

shocked workers 3) have been managed / managed to save a small amount of it. The police 4) a

investgating the cause of the fire, but it 5) is thought / thinks that it was an accident. The shop manager 6

for another warehouse where stock can 7) keep / be kept. A lot of stock 8) has been lost / haslost, but thopened tomorrow as usual, said the manager. Im just glad no one 10)hurt / was hurt.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct active or passive tense.

Wine 1) is made (make) all over the world, but no two wines evrt taste the same. Wine has three main

alcohol, and 2) . (come) in three colors:red, rose and white.To make wine, grapes 3) .. (grow) in vineyards. When they 4) . (be) ripe, they 5)

(crush). Then, sulphur dioxide 7) . (add) to the crushed grapes, and they 8) (leave) in la

During fermentation, the temperature must 9) .. (control) and air must 10). (keep ou

fermentation process is finished, the wine 11) .. (extract). Then, after it 12) . (purifybottles.

Bottled wine should always 14) (store) at the right temperature and protected from light. It shreason for looking after wines so carefully is that some wines not only tast e better as they 15) . (be

(increase) in value.

Active Passive

Present SimpleI service my car twice a year.

am/is/are +ppMy caris serviced twice a year.

Present Continuous

I`m servicing my car now.

am/is/are being +pp

My caris being serviced now.

Past Simple

She wrote the re

ports.

was/were +pp

The reports were written.

Past ContinuousShe was writing the reports.

was/were being +ppThe reports were being written.

Present Perfect SimpleShe has written the reports.

have/has been+ ppThe reports have been written.

Past Perfect SimpleShe had written the reports.

had been+ ppThe reports had been written.

Future Simple

She will write the reports.

w ill be +pp

The reports will be written.

Future Perfect SimpleShe willhave written the reports.

will have been + ppThe reports willhave been written.

InfinitiveShe has to write the reports.

has/have to be +ppThe reports have to be written.

Model verbs

She may write the reports.

model verbs +be+pp

The reports may be written