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Visual Techniques

Angle See Framing.

Body language and

gaze

Facial expressions, gestures, stance or position – can convey the attitude, feelings or personality of the individual

shown. Take note of the direction of the subjects eyes.

Composition !hat is included is deliberately placed "also applies to what is omitted#. $onsider all inclusions and omissions e.g.

surroundings, objects, clothing etc.

Colour, Hue and Tone %n black & white images examine the use of contrast, light and darkness. %n a colour image, colours are used to

signify feelings and evoke a response. '.g. (ed ) passion, anger, hell, vitality, etc. blue ) peace, harmony or

coldness.

Contrast The arrangement of opposite elements "light and dark, large and small, rough and smooth# to create interest,

excitement or drama.

Framing The same camera shots and angles relevant to film. $lose ups, extreme close ups, medium shots, long shots, tilted

up or down shots etc.

Omissions !hat has been deliberately left out.

Orientation, Point of

ie!

(elates to framing and angle* is the responder positioned above the image "looking down#, below or at eye level+

Positioning $onsider which objects have been placed in the foreground, middle ground or background.

"ule of thirds ivide an image into thirds from the top and sides and look at the placement of people and-or objects. n object in

the top third is usually empowered whereas anything in the bottom third is disempowered.

#alience The part that your eyes are first drawn to in the visual. $olour, image and layout determine what the salient imageis.

#ym$olism The use of an image to represent one or more "often complex# ideas.

Vectors The line that our eyes take when looking at a visual. $omposers deliberately direct our reading path through the

vectors. '.g. %f all of the subjects are tall, long and upright our eyes follow straight vectors that lead to the top of the

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frame. This could make the subject seem powerful or inflexible.

%iterary Techniques

Allegory Story with a double meaning* one primary "on the surface# and one secondary.

Alliteration (epetition of consonants at the start of words or in a sentence or phrase.

Clich&  n over/used, common expression.

Consonance (epetition of consonants throughout a sentence or phrase.

Contrast 0aradox, antithesis, oxymoron, juxtaposition, contrast in description etc.

'idactic  ny text that instructs the reader or is obviously delivering a moral message.

'is(unction   conjunction "e.g. 1but or 1yet# that dramatically interrupts rhythm of sentence.

)llipsis   dramatic pause "2# creates tension or suggests words cant be spoken.

)motie language !ords that stir the readers emotions.

)n(am$ment   poetic techni3ue, when a sentence or phrase runs over more than one line "or stan4a#. This assists the flow of 

a poem.

)uphemism 5ild expression used to replace a harsh one.

)*clamation 'xclamatory sentence ending in 678 to convey high emotion.

Form 0urpose and features of a text influence its construction and will suggest its structure.Figuratie language +

sound deices

metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole, simile, personification, assonance, alliteration, consonance, onomatopoeia,

etc. These devices have a powerful impact as they work on our senses to strengthen the subject matter of the

text.

Fracturedtruncated

sentences

%ncomplete sentences used to increase tension or urgency, or reflect the way people speak to each other.

-aps + silences !hat is not said9 whose voice isnt heard and whose voice dominates+

Humour  %ncongruity, parody, satire, exaggeration, irony, puns etc. used to lighten the overall tone.

.cons   single person, object or image that represents complex ideas and feelings.

.magery :ivid pictures created by words. (eader visualises character-setting clearly.

.mperatie Voice Forceful use of the verb at the start of sentence or phrase.

.nterte*tuality   text makes a reference to other texts, may be explicit, implied or inferred.

.rony ;ap between what is said and what is meant.

/u*taposition <ayering images-scenes to have a dramatic impact.

%eel of usage of

language

Slang, collo3uial, informal or formal.

%inear  Se3uential – in chronological order.

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