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ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES
IN THE CLASSROOM Paula Garcia Ramirez
University of Jaén
February 2017
ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES IN THE
CLASSROOM
A Brief History of English Language
The American Colonies
The Age of the Empire
Routes and Migrations
Africa
Australia
Asia
The Commonwealth of Nations
World Englishes
2
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
Relationship of English to its Germanic
neighbours and to other European languages.
There are three main divisions in the history of
English
Old English (450 to 1066)
Middle English (1066 to 1500)
Early Modern English (1500 onwards)
3
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
Old English (450-1066)
The Germanic Tribes to England (450)
The Chirstianisation of England (600)
The Scandinavian Invasions (800)
Literary Frame
Beowulf
Anglosaxon Chronicle
4
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
Middle English
(1066 to 1500)
The coming of the
Anglo-Normans to
England (1066)
The break with France
(1204)
The introduction of
printing (1476)
Literary Frame
Geoffrey Chaucer
Anglosaxon Chronicle
5
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
Early Modern English (1500 onwards)
The Renaissance in England (16th century and later)
Development of overseas colonies (17th century and later)
Transportation of English to the Caribbean, North American
Civil war in England and later Restoration
18th century: Transportation of English to overseas locations
The development of prescriptive attitudes in 18th and 19th century England
6
1620: The Pilgrims
7
THE AMERICAN COLONIES 1776
8
THE AGE OF THE EMPIRE
(1714-1901)
Two centuries for the British expansionist policy.
A new trade Empire with trade routes and a
strong Army: Rule Britannia.
A price to pay: richer people vs. poorer people.
Industrial Revolution.
Queen Victoria brought an important political
and economical development in her country.
It was the age of colonialism and a new
philosophy was introduced:
expansion and development
9
ROUTES AND MIGRATION
10
Colonization Process:
African Continent
11
HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL ELEMENTS
The colonial division of the territories: the scramble of Africa (Berlin Conference: 1884-5)
Cross-culturalization: traditional and local cultures+ colonial literary frame.
Linguistic variety: English as lingua franca.
English-speaking countries in Africa: The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon (English part), Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Tanzania, Bostwana….
Compensation War Territories
12
13
AUSTRALIA
General context and historical conditions.
European/Aboriginal Culture
The Colonial Phase:
Explorers and settlers.
Early Twentieth Century.
The World Wars:
a changing response.
Other worlds and new voices.
14
EUROPEAN/ABORIGINAL ENCOUNTER
A clash and a history of deception and forgetfulness.
15
16
17
Developing global citizenship competence in English Studies: A proposal of activities
(Rascón et alii, 2012)
ASIA
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
18
HISTORY: COLONIZATION, INDEPENDENCE
AND PARTITIONING
1660: Queen Elizabeth I created the chart for the British East India Company
1852: Britain consolidates its control in India
1857: The Indian Mutiny (Sepoy)
1859: India becomes a British Colony
Direct vs. Indirect Rule
19
MACAULAY’S MINUTE (1835)
“All parties seem to be agreed on one point, that the dialects commonly spoken among the natives of this part of India contain neither Literary nor scientific information, and are, moreover, so poor and rude that, until they are enriched from some other quarter, it will not be easy to translate any valuable work into them. It seems to be admitted on all sides that the intellectual improvement of those classes of the people who have the means of pursuing higher studies can at present be effect only by means of some language not vernacular amongst them.
What, then, shall that language be? One half of the Committee maintain that it should be the English. The other half strongly recommend the Arabic and Sanscrit. The whole question seems to me to be, which language is the best worth knowing?” (https://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nael/victorian/topic_4/macaulay.htm)
20
21
Independence of India
1947
Salman Rushdie’s
Midnight’s Children (1981)
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23 Developing global citizenship competence in English Studies: A proposal of activities (Rascón,
Díaz, Díez y García, 2012)
THE COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS 1953
Queen
Elizabeth
II
Old
Colonies 24
English Speaking Countries 25
26
