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The Universe
Seconde F
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude
1 Gm = 1 gigameter = 10^9 meters = 1 000 000 000 m
Order of Magnitude
1 Gm = 1 gigameter = 10^9 meters = 1 000 000 000 m
1 nm = 1 nanometer = 10^(-9) meter = 0.000000001 m
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude
Nucleus of an atom
nucleus
Order of Magnitude
Atom
Order of Magnitude
Bacteria
Order of Magnitude
Humans
Order of Magnitude
Earth
Order of Magnitude
Sun
Order of Magnitude
Solar System
Order of Magnitude
Interstellar distance
Order of Magnitude
Galaxy
Order of Magnitude
Observable universe
Order of Magnitude
1000 kg 1 Kg
Order of Magnitude
1000 kg 1 Kg
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude
Filling of space by the matter is essentially incomplete, at
both tiny (atom) and big (cosmos) scales
(essentially void around us)
Speed of light
Speed of light
Speed of light in vacuum is a phyical constant :
Speed of light
Speed of light in vacuum is a phyical constant :
c = 3.10^8 m/s = 300 000 000 m/s
Speed of light
Speed of light in vacuum is a phyical constant :
c = 3.10^8 m/s = 300 000 000 m/s
The light is composed of photons
Speed of light
Speed of light in vacuum is a phyical constant :
c = 3.10^8 m/s = 300 000 000 m/s
The light is composed of photons
and is propagated in straight line
Speed of light
Speed of light in vacuum is a phyical constant :
c = 3.10^8 m/s = 300 000 000 m/s
The light is composed of photons
and is propagated in straight line
A.Einstein 1879 - 1955
Speed of light
Speed of light in vacuum is a phyical constant :
c = 3.10^8 m/s = 300 000 000 m/s
The light is composed of photons
and is propagated in straight line
Speed of light (speed of propagation) depends
only on the medium
A.Einstein 1879 - 1955
Speed of light
Speed of light in vacuum is a phyical constant :
c = 3.10^8 m/s = 300 000 000 m/s
The light is composed of photons
and is propagated in straight line
Speed of light (speed of propagation) depends
only on the medium
speed(vacuum) = speed(air) = c = 3.10^8 m/s
speed(water) < c
A.Einstein 1879 - 1955
Speed of light
Speed of light in vacuum is a phyical constant :
c = 3.10^8 m/s = 300 000 000 m/s
The light is composed of photons
and is propagated in straight line
Speed of light (speed of propagation) depends
only on the medium
speed(vacuum) = speed(air) = c = 3.10^8 m/s
speed(water) < c
Refraction index n :
quantity without unit
A.Einstein 1879 - 1955
Speed of light
Speed of light
Galilée, Romer, Cassini, Newton, Michelson..
Speed of light
Galilée, Romer, Cassini, Newton, Michelson..
using astronomy
Speed of light
Galilée, Romer, Cassini, Newton, Michelson..
using astronomy
The meter is the distance travelled by the light
in the void during 1/299 792 458 second
Speed of light
Galilée, Romer, Cassini, Newton, Michelson..
using astronomy
The meter is the distance travelled by the light
in the void during 1/299 792 458 second
Speed of light
Galilée, Romer, Cassini, Newton, Michelson..
using astronomy
The meter is the distance travelled by the light
in the void during 1/299 792 458 second
v = c (m/s)
m
s
Speed of light
Speed of light
d = 1m
Speed of light
d = 1m
Speed of light
d = 1m
s m
m/s
Speed of light
d = 1m
s m
m/s
Speed of light
d = 1m
d = 150 000 000 Km
s m
m/s
Speed of light
d = 1m
d = 150 000 000 Km
s m
m/s
s km
km/s
Speed of light
d = 1m
d = 150 000 000 Km
Even if the light of speed is great, the gigantic distances at the
cosmos scale cause delays (we don’t see things in ‘real time’)
s m
m/s
s km
km/s
Light-year
Light-year
A light-year is the distance travelled by the
light in vacuum during one year
Light-year
A light-year is the distance travelled by the
light in vacuum during one year
Light-year
A light-year is the distance travelled by the
light in vacuum during one year
m
m/s s
Light-year
A light-year is the distance travelled by the
light in vacuum during one year
m
m/s s
1 year converted in seconds
Light-year
A light-year is the distance travelled by the
light in vacuum during one year
m
m/s s
1 year converted in seconds
1 ly
roughly
Light-year
A light-year is the distance travelled by the
light in vacuum during one year
The light-year (ly) is not a new unit, it’s used only because it’s
handy with the gigantic distances we have in the cosmos
m
m/s s
1 year converted in seconds
1 ly
roughly
Light-year
Light-year
I see dinosaurs
How far are we
from this planet?
Light-year
I see dinosaurs
How far are we
from this planet? Extinction of the dinosaurs :
65 millions years ago
Light-year
I see dinosaurs
How far are we
from this planet? Extinction of the dinosaurs :
65 millions years ago
The aliens are at least
65 000 000 light-years away
from us
(6.5 * 10^22 meters)
Light-year
I see dinosaurs
How far are we
from this planet? Extinction of the dinosaurs :
65 millions years ago
The aliens are at least
65 000 000 light-years away
from us
(6.5 * 10^22 meters)
Watch far = Watch in the past
Light-year
Questions ?
Homework