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An Easy Guide for Understanding Numbers in English
Copyright © 2010 SANOOK ENGLISH
Mieder van Loggerenberg
E-mail: [email protected]
Index
Cardinal Numbers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
Telephone Numbers …………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….. 3
Ordinal Numbers ……………………………..…………………..………………………………………………………………. 4
Fraction and Decimal Numbers …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
Byte and Binary Numbers ………………………….…………………………………………………………………………. 7
Alternate Names for Numbers ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9
Expressing Years ….…………………………….……………………………………………….………………………………. 10
Expressing Time ….……………………………………………………………………….………………………………………. 11
Time Phrases …….…………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………. 13
1
Cardinal Numbers
0 zero เซย-โร สญ
A B C
1 one วน หนง 11 eleven อ-เล-เฟน สบเอด 10 ten เทน สบ 2 two ท สอง 12 twelve ทเวลฟ สบสอง 20 twenty ทเวน-ท ยสบ 3 three ฟร สาม 13 thirteen เฟอ-ทน สบสาม 30 thirty เฟอ-ท สามสบ 4 four โฟร ส 14 fourteen โฟ-ทน สบส 40 forty ฟอ-ท สสบ 5 five ไฟฟ หา 15 fifteen เฟฟ-ทน สบหา 50 fifty เฟฟ-ท หาสบ 6 six ซกส หก 16 sixteen ซกส-ทน สบหก 60 sixty ซกส-ท หกสบ 7 seven เซฟ-เฟน เจด 17 seventeen เซ-เฟน-ทน สบเจด 70 seventy เซ-เฟน-ท เจดสบ 8 eight เอท แปด 18 eighteen เอ-ทน สบแปด 80 eighty เอ-ท แปดสบ 9 nine ไนน เกา 19 nineteen ไนน-ทน สบเกา 90 ninety ไนน-ท เกาสบ 10 ten เทน สบ
100 one hundred วน ฮนเดรด หนงรอย
1,000 one thousand วน เฟาแซนด หนงพน
10,000 ten thousand เทน เฟาแซนด หนงหมน
100,000 one hundred thousand วน ฮนเดรด เฟาแซนด หนงแสน
1,000,000 one million วน เมเลยน หนงลาน
1,000,000,000 one billion วน เบเลยน หนงพนลาน
1,000,000,000,000 one trillion วน ทรเลยน หนงลานลาน
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ทน
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 ท
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 ฮนเดรด
* * * 1 * * *
1 - 9 and
แอนด
01 - 99
hundred
ฮนเดรด
5 4 3 2 1
trillion
ทรลเลยน billion
บลเลยน million
มลเลยน thousand
เธาฉแซนด * and before number
(if 001 - 099)
888 , 888 , 888 , 888 , 888
Helpful Tip:
C + A
20 + 1
twenty - one
2
Number notation Power notation Short scale
1,000,000 106 one million
1,000,000,000 109 one billion (a thousand million)
1,000,000,000,000 1012 one trillion (a thousand billion)
1,000,000,000,000,000 1015 one quadrillion (a thousand trillion)
1,000,000,000,000,000,000 1018 one quintillion (a thousand quadrillion)
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 1021 sextillion (a thousand quintillion)
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 1024 septillion (a thousand quintillion)
909,099,789,000,090 Nine hundred and nine trillion
Ninety-nine billion
Seven hundred and eighty-nine million
And ninety
Writing Comprehension Exercise
Exercise 1:
123,456,789,876,543
Exercise 2:
444,440,400,044,004
Note: H The word "zillion" may be used as an adjective. The noun phrase normally contains the indefinite article "a", as in
"There must be a zillion sites on the World Wide Web."
H The plural "zillions" designates a number indefinitely larger than "millions" or "billions". In this case, the
construction is parallel to the one for "millions" or "billions", with the number used as a plural count noun, followed
by a prepositional phrase with "of", as in "Out in the countryside, the night sky is filled with zillions of stars."
H Some empty numbers may be modified by actual numbers, such as "four zillion", and are used for jest, exaggeration,
or to relate abstractly to actual numbers.
H Empty numbers are colloquial and primarily used in oral speech or informal contexts.
3
Telephone Numbers
08-991-953-99 Oh - Eight - Double Nine - One - Nine - Five - Three - Double Nine
Every number is pronounced individually
88 2 numbers double eight
888 3 numbers triple eight
88 - 88 4 numbers double eight, double eight
888 - 88 5 numbers triple eight , double eight
888 - 888 6 numbers triple eight, triple eight
Reading Comprehension Exercise:
1. 08-113-456-89 Oh - Eight - Double One - Three - Four - Five - Six - Eight - Nine
2. 08-344-441-09 Oh - Three - Double Four - Double Four - One - Oh - Nine
3. 08-777-777-79 Oh - Eight - Triple Seven - Triple Seven - Seven - Nine
4. 08-665-084-00 Oh - Eight - Double Six - Five - Oh - Eight - Four - Double Oh
5. 08-000-765-29 Oh - Eight - Triple Oh - Seven - Six - Five - Two - Nine
6. 08-999-996-59 Oh - Eight - Triple Nine - Double Nine - Six - Five - Nine
7. 08-833-377-77 Oh - Double Eight - Triple Three - Double Seven - Double Seven
Note:
"Zero" can also be said
08 Oh – Eight
08 Zero – Eight
4
Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal numbers refer to a position in a series. Common ordinals include:
0th zeroth or noughth (see below) 10th tenth
1st first 11th eleventh
2nd second 12th twelfth (note "f", not "v")
3rd third 13th thirteenth
4th fourth 14th fourteenth
5th fifth 15th fifteenth
6th sixth 16th sixteenth
7th seventh 17th seventeenth
8th eighth (only one "t") 18th eighteenth
9th ninth (no "e") 19th nineteenth
20th twentieth 21st twenty-first
30th thirtieth 32nd thirty-second
40th fortieth 43rd forty-third
50th fiftieth 54th fifty-fourth
60th sixtieth 65th sixty-fifth
70th seventieth 76th seventy-sixth
80th eightieth 87th eighty-seventh
90th ninetieth 98th ninety-eighth
Zeroth only has a meaning when counts start with zero, which happens in a mathematical or computer
science context.
Ordinal numbers such as 21st, 33rd, etc., are formed by combining a cardinal ten with an ordinal unit.
Higher ordinals are not often written in words, unless they are round numbers (thousandth, millionth, and
billionth). They are written using digits and letters as described below. Here are some rules that should be borne
in mind.
The suffixes -th, -st, -nd and -rd are occasionally written superscript above the number itself.
If the tens digit of a number is 1, then write "th" after the number. For example: 13th, 19th, and 112th, 9,311th.
5
If the tens digit is not equal to 1, then use the following table:
If the units digit is: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
write this after the number th st nd rd th th th th th th
For example: 2nd, 7th, 20th, 23rd, 52nd, 135th, 301st.
These ordinal abbreviations are actually hybrid contractions of a numeral and a word. 1st is "1" + "st" from
"first". Similarly, we use "nd" for "second" and "rd" for "third". In the legal field and in some older
publications, the ordinal abbreviation for "second" and "third" is simply, "d"
For example: 42d, 33d, 23d.
Any ordinal name that doesn't end in "first", "second", or "third", ends in "th".
6
Fraction and Decimal Numbers
In spoken English, ordinal numbers are also used to quantify the denominator of a fraction. Thus 'fifth' can mean
the element between fourth and sixth, or the fraction created by dividing the unit into five pieces. In this usage,
the ordinal numbers can be pluralized: one seventh, two sevenths. The sole exception to this rule is division by
two. The ordinal term 'second' can only refer to location in a series; for fractions English speakers use the term
'half' (plural 'halves').
Here are some common fractions:
1/2 one half 1/8 one-eighth 1/10 or 0.1 one-tenth
3/8 three-eighths 2/10 or 0.2 two-tenths
1/3 one-third 5/8 five-eighths 3/10 or 0.3 three-tenths
2/3 two-thirds 7/8 seven-eighths 4/10 or 0.4 four-tenths
6/10 or 0.6 six-tenths
1/4 one-quarter or (AmE) one-fourth 1/16 one-sixteenth 7/10 or 0.7 seven-tenths
3/4 three-quarters or three-fourths 15/16 fifteen-sixteenths 8/10 or 0.8 eight-tenths
9/10 or 0.9 nine-tenths
Alternatively, and for greater numbers, one may say for 1/2 "one over two", for 5/8 "five over eight", and so on.
This "over" form is also widely used in mathematics. (This form is not common in British English.)
Numbers with a decimal point may be read as a cardinal number, then "and", then another cardinal number
followed by an indication of the significance of the second cardinal number (not common in British English); or
as a cardinal number, followed by "point", and then by the digits of the fractional part. The indication of
significance takes the form of the denominator of the fraction indicating division by the smallest power of ten
larger than the second cardinal. This is modified when the first cardinal is zero, in which case neither the zero
nor the "and" is pronounced, but the zero is optional in the "point" form of the fraction.
For example:
0.002 is "two thousandths" (mainly U.S.); or "point zero zero two", "point oh oh two", "nought point zero zero
two", etc.
3.1416 is "three point one four one six"
99.3 is "ninety-nine and three tenths" (mainly U.S.); or "ninety-nine point three".
In English the decimal point was originally printed in the center of the line (0·002), but with the advent of the
typewriter it was placed at the bottom of the line, so that a single key could be used as a full stop/period and as a
decimal point. In many non-English languages a full-stop/period at the bottom of the line is used as a thousands
separator with a comma being used as the decimal point.
Fractions together with an integer are read as follows:
1 1/2 is "one and a half"
6 1/4 is "six and a quarter"
7 5/8 is "seven and five eighths"
A space is required between the whole number and the fraction; however, if a special fraction character is used
like "½", then the space can be done without, e.g.
9 1/2
9½
7
Byte and Binary Numbers
The byte (pronounced ) is a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications. It is an
ordered collection of bits, in which each bit denotes the binary value of 1 or 0.
Value Prefixes
1 bit b Binary Digit
8 bits B Bytes
1000 Kilo Kilobytes
10002 Mega Megabytes
10003 Giga Gigabytes
10004 Tera Terabytes
10005 Peta Petabytes
10006 Exa Exabytes
10007 Zetta Zettabytes
10008 Yotta Yottabytes
10009 Bronto Brontobytes
100010 Geop Geopbytes
To understand binary numbers, let's first look at our normal system of base 10 numbers. Let's take the number
345 for example. This is a three digit number. We know that the farthest right number, 5, represents the 1's
column, and there are 5 ones. The next number from the right, the 4, represents the 10's column. There are 4
clicks in the 10s column, which we interpret as forty. Finally, the third column that contains the 3 represents the
100s column, and we know it to be three hundred.
Binary works in the same way. Each column represents a value, and when you have enough you move to the
next column. The difference is that in our base 10 system we need to have 10 before we move to the next
column. We can have any value 0-9, but once it goes above that, we add a column. In base two, you can only
have 0 or 1 before moving on to the next column.
The number one is represented as 1 in both base ten and binary, so let's move on to the number two. In base ten
this is represented as a 2, however in binary we can only have a 0 or a 1 before moving on to the next column.
The number 2 is written as 10. This means 1 in the 2s column and 0 in the 1s column.
Let's take a look at the number three. Obviously in base ten it is written as 3. In base two (binary) it is written as
11. This means a 1 in the 2s column and a 1 in the 1s column. 2+1 = 3.
Each slot represents a value that is double the last value. The chart on this page helps to demonstrate this. The
values of slots, starting on the right are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, etc.
8
Now that we know how binary works, reading it is simply a matter of doing some simple math. Let's try a few:
1001
Since we know the values each of these slots represent, then we know this number represents 8 + 0 + 0 + 1. In
base ten this would be the number 9.
11011
Again we can calculate what this is in base ten by adding the values of each slot. In this case it would be 16 + 8
+ 0 + 2 + 1. This would be the number 27.
Binary 1 / 0 1 / 0 1 / 0 1 / 0 1 / 0 1 / 0 1 / 0 1 / 0
Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0
1 1
2 1 0
3 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
7 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
10 1 0 1 0
11 1 0 1 1
12 1 1 0 0
13 1 1 0 1
14 1 1 1 0
15 1 1 1 1
16 1 0 0 0 0
17 1 0 0 0 1
18 1 0 0 1 0
19 1 0 0 1 1
20 1 0 1 0 0
9
Alternate Names for Numbers
Value Name Alternate names, and names for sets of the given size
0 Zero aught, cipher, love, nada, naught, nil, none, null, oh, squat, zed, zilch, zip
1 One ace, single, unit,
2 Two binary , couple, deuce, double, duet, duo, pair, twins, twosome
3 Three set, ternary, threesome, trey, triad, trinity, trio, triplet , hat-trick
4 Four foursome, quadruplet, quartet
5 Five fin, five some, pentad, quintet, quintuplet, lustrum
6 Six half dozen, sestet, sextet, sextuplet
7 Seven septet, septuplet
8 Eight octave, octet
9 Nine ennead
10 Ten decade
11 Eleven ounce
12 Twelve dozen
13 Thirteen baker's dozen
During the reign of Henry III (1216-1272), bakers who were found to have
shortchanged customers could be subject to severe punishment. A baker would give
13 for the price of 12, to be certain of not being known as a cheat.
20 Twenty score
24 Twenty-four two dozen
50 Fifty half-century
100 One hundred century, ton
666 Six Hundred
[and] sixty-six
Number of the Beast
1 000 One thousand grand (or G), thou, yard, kilo (often shortened to k), millennium
10
Expressing Years
Century Year Method 1
01 - 99 00 (hundred)
09 00 0900 Nine hundred
19 00 1900 Nineteen hundred
44 00 4400 Forty-four hundred
Century Year Method 2
01 - 99 01 - 09 (oh-one)
08 02 0802 Eight oh-two
16 07 1607 Sixteen oh-seven
21 09 2109 Twenty-one oh-nine
Century Year Method 3
01 - 99 10 - 99
11 28 1128 Eleven twenty-eight
20 10 2010 Twenty ten
82 50 8250 Eighty-two fifty
Century Year Method 4
10/20/30/40/50/
60/70/80/90
00 – 09
(thousand)
20 00 2000 Two thousand
20 09 2009 Two thousand and nine
70 04 7004 Seven thousand and four
Reading Comprehension Exercise:
1. 1300 Thirteen Hundred
2. 3000 Three Thousand
3. 2011 Twenty Eleven (Two Thousand and Eleven)
4. 1806 Eighteen Oh Six
5. 1753 Seventeen Fifty Three
6. 2010 Twenty Ten (Two Thousand and Ten)
7. 1988 Nineteen Eighty Eight
11
Expressing Time
American English British English
Left to right → Right to left ←
00:00 A.M. 00:00 12 o’clock (at night) / It’s
Midnight
00:01 – 11:59 A.M. 00:01 – 11:59 …in the morning
12:00 – 17:59 P.M. 12:00 – 17:59 …in the afternoon
18:00 – 23:59 P.M. 18:00 – 23:59 …in the evening
13 – 24 hours (13 = 1), (14 = 2),
(15 = 3), (16 = 4),
(17 = 5), (18 = 6),
(19 = 7), (20 =8),
(21 = 9), (22 = 10),
(23 = 11), (24 = 12)
13 – 24 hours (13 = 1), (14 = 2),
(15 = 3), (16 = 4),
(17 = 5), (18 = 6),
(19 = 7), (20 =8),
(21 = 9), (22 = 10),
(23 = 11), (24 = 12)
00:00 (0 minutes) not said 0 minutes (00:00) o’clock (Left to right →)
00:01 – 00:09 (oh one = 01) 00:01 – 00:030 The “ : ” = past
00:10 – 00:59 said normally 00:31 – 00:59 The “ : ” = to
10:40
60 – 40 = 20 (1)
: = to (2)
10 + 1 = 11 (3)
(Twenty to eleven)
00:31 – 00:59
The “ : ” = past (slang)
10:40
(Forty past ten)
07:15 15 past 7
Quarter past 7
07:30 30 past 7
Half past 7
12:00 12 P.M. 12:00 12 o’clock in the afternoon
It’s noon
00:00 / 24:00 12 A.M.
00:00 / 24:00 12 o’clock in the morning
It’s midnight
12
Reading Comprehension Exercise:
Time American English British English
07:00 7 A.M. 7 o’clock in the morning
13:00 1 P.M. 1 o’clock in the afternoon
21:00 9 P.M. 9 o’clock in the evening
05:04 5 oh 4 A.M. 4 past 5 in the morning
14:09 2 oh 9 P.M. 9 past 2 in the afternoon
03:18 3 - 18 A.M. 18 past 3 in the morning
22:15 10 - 15 P.M. 15 past 10 in the evening
¼ (quarter) past 10 in the evening
04:30 4 - 30 A.M. 30 past 4 in the morning
½ (half) past 4 in the morning
16:50 4 - 50 P.M. 10 to 5 in the afternoon
50 past 4 in the afternoon (s)
19:45 7 - 45 P.M. 15 to 8 in the evening
¼ to 8 in the evening (quarter)
45 past 7 in the evening (s)
12:00 12 P.M. 12 o’clock in the afternoon
It’s noon
12:25 12 - 25 P.M. 25 past 12 in the afternoon
25 past noon
00:00 12 A.M. 12 o’clock in the morning
It’s midnight.
00:38 12 - 38 A.M. 22 to 1 in the morning
38 past 12 in the morning (s)
38 past midnight (s)
* S = Slang or colloquial
13
Time Phrases
Days of the week
Sunday ซนเด วนอาทตย
Monday มนเด วนจนทร
Tuesday ทวสเด วนองคาร
Wednesday เวนสเด วนพธ
Thursday เธรสเด วนพฤหสบด
Friday ไฟรเด วนศกร
Saturday แซทเทอะเด วนเสาร
Months of the year (Calendar)
January แจนนวอาร มกราคม
February เฟบรอาร กมภาพนธ
March มาช มนาคม
April เอพรล เมษายน
May เม พฤษภาคม
June จน มถนายน
July จไล กรกฎาคม
August ออกสท สงหาคม
September เซพเทมเบอะ กนยายน
October ออคโทเบอะ ตลาคม
November โนเวมเบอะ พฤศจกายน
December ดเซมเบอะ ธนวาคม
14
Second เซคอนด วนาท
Minute มนยท นาท
Hour เอาร ชวโมง
Day เด วน
Week วค สปดาห
Month มนธ เดอน
Year เยย ป
Lustrum (5 years) ลสทรม ระยะหาป
Decade (10 years) เดค เคด ระยะสบป
Century (100 years) เซน เชอะร ศตวรรษ
Millennium (1000 years) ระยะเวลาหนง พน ป
Last week ลาซท วค สปดาหกอน
Next week เนคซท วค สปดาหหนา
Last month ลาซท มนธ เดอนทแลว
Next month เนคซท มนธ เดอนหนา
Last year ลาซท เยย อาทตยทแลว
Next year เนคซท เยย ปหนา
Whole day โฮล เด ตลอดวน
Whole week โฮล วค ตลอดสปดาห
Whole month โฮล มนธ ตลอดเดอน
Whole year โฮล เยย ตลอดป
Every day เอฝ เออะร เด ทกๆวน
Every week เอฝ เออะร วค ทกสปดาห
Every month เอฝ เออะร มนธ ทกเดอน
Every year เอฝ เออะร เยย ทกป
15
Date เดท วนท
Holiday ฮอล อเด วนหยด
Vacation เฝเค ฌน วนหยดพกผอน
Weekend วคเอนด วนหยดสปดาห
Weekdays วคเดส วนท างาน
Anytime เอน อ ไทม เวลาใดกได
Always ออล เวส เสมอ
Just Now จซท เนา เมอกน
Now เนา ตอนน
Sometime ซมไทม บางเวลา
Time ไทม เวลา
Weekly วคล รายสปดาห
Morning มอนง เชาน
Afternoon อาฟ เทอนน บายน
Evening อฟว นง เยนน
Tonight ทไนท คนน
Midnight มดไนท เทยงคน
Day before yesterday เด บโฟ เยส เทอะเด วานซน
Yesterday เยส เทอะเด เมอวาน
Today ทเด วนน
Tomorrow ทมอโร พรงน
Day after tomorrow เด อาฟ เทอะ ทมอโร วนมะรน
Day Identification
Monday Three days ago
Tuesday The day before yesterday
Wednesday Yesterday
Thursday Today
Friday Tomorrow
Saturday The day after tomorrow
Sunday In three days
16
Reading Comprehension Exercise:
1. 08/03/2010 Monday March 08, 2010
Monday, March 08, 2010
2. 24/05/1978 Wednesday May 24, 1978
(1) Wednesday, (2) May 24, (3) 1978
Writing Comprehension Exercise:
When were you born?
I was born on (1)__________________, (2) __________________,(3)_____________
When is your birthday?
My birthday is on (2) __________________, (3)_____________
